Scenery for theatrical activities in kindergarten. Children's theater in kindergarten: types and features of organization

KINDS

THEATERS

in preschool

Finger, mitten theater

These are dolls sewn from fabric, glued from paper or knitted from wool and thread. The pattern follows the contour of an extended finger of an adult or a child, or the contour of a palm. The puppet must be worn freely on any finger or hand of the puppeteer. The character's face can be embroidered, glued or sewn on using buttons, beads, threads, ropes, pieces of wool, colored paper, the cloth. Children play behind a screen or in direct contact. For finger theater you can draw with your child or glue any character from a fairy tale out of colored paper, then stick it on thin cardboard, and with reverse side sew or glue a wide elastic band, put it on your finger and play. For the mitten theater, you can use unnecessary children's mittens.
Each child involved in the performance works with only one doll. Children find intonations, movements of this or that character on their own or with the help of an adult. It is good to accompany the performance with music or songs that children know.

Mitten dolls

Puppets for this theater can be made from sewn or knitted mittens, but mitten puppets made of paper are of particular interest to children. Children put the pattern on paper, circle it, carefully cut it out and glue it. Then they decorate the mitten dolls with paints, felt-tip pens, appliqué, etc. You can even make part of the decorations on such mittens, for example, trees, shrubs and much more.

Puppet theater bi-ba-bo
(or Petrushki Theatre)

The Petrushka Theater is a theater whose puppets are worn on three full fingers of the hand - like a glove. In Italy, these dolls used to be called Burattini, now they are called Pupattza. In Russia, this puppet character was named Petrushka. Petrushka traveled from fair to fair for a long time, until in 1924 he finally found his home in St. Petersburg. And it was then that a permanent puppet theater for children was organized.
These dolls can be purchased at children's stores or made by yourself. The simplest doll consists of a shirt body, head and handles. The body-shirt is cut from matter according to the hand of the puppeteer. The head can be made from different materials: wood, bread, plasticine, plastic ball, but usually made of papier-mâché. Or you can use old dolls or rubber toys that you might be about to throw away. If you take the head of a rubber doll and sew a new costume onto it (so that the child's hand can fit into it), then the doll will come to life and it can be used in theatrical performances.
The doll is put on like this: forefinger- the head, and on the large and medium - hands or paws. If the doll is heavy for a small child, then a gapit comes to the rescue (a wooden rod with a comfortable rounded handle).
The stage of the parsley theater is a screen. Scenery is put on it, and the action takes place. Behind the screen are the puppeteers who control the puppets and speak for them.
The puppet theater gives children a lot of joy and pleasure, creates in them good mood and finds a vivid reflection in their creative games.

Table theater, toy theater

These are flat or ordinary toys that children play with every day. stage area - children's table. You can make a character for a table theater yourself from any material at hand: cones, acorns, roots; from household material: milk and kefir bags, shoe boxes.
If you take old skittles and cut off the bottom, and then sheathe or tie them, you get a doll for a table theater. Buttons, beads, wool, fabric, specially tied ears, noses, eyes, hair, paws and tails are used to decorate the doll. These dolls can be put on a hand, on a gapit, on a thread.
The teacher sits at the children's table, the children sit in a semicircle in front of him. Children should not see the toys with which the teacher will show the performance. The teacher, without masking his hands, takes toys in front of the children, moves them and speaks for them.
Such a performance of toys, despite its great simplicity and primitiveness, is not without theatricality; both toddlers and older children watch it with great interest.
For the performance, it is recommended to take scenes specially written for showing them with toys: “Matryoshka and Katya”, “Hide and Seek”, “Toy Adventures” and others. You can invent similar scenes for the puppet theater yourself or use individual stories from children's literature. You just need to remember that their content should be extremely simple, without difficult actions and movements that are impossible for toys.
The performance of toys is designed for a small group of children. It is shown not in the hall at the celebration, but in the group room.
The purpose of such displays is to entertain and delight children, to make the doll more interesting for them, to help them add variety to their play activities.

shadow theater

Shadow theater is a joyful and welcome entertainment. Children are very fond of watching the figures of people, animals and birds move on a brightly lit screen.
A fairy tale, a story, a poem, a song can be accompanied by a display of shadows. Expressive performance musical and literary works when skillfully shown, it evokes a wide variety of emotions in children.
The stage of the shadow theater is the screen. The frame-screen of the shadow theater is made of wood or thick cardboard and decorated with ornaments. The screen is covered with a thin white material. When shown, shadow theater figures are pressed tightly against the material from the back of the screen. A light source is placed behind the screen. The silhouettes of the figurines are made of thin cardboard and painted black on one side. Some parts of the silhouettes (arm, leg, head, etc.) can be made movable (attached with thread or wire). Pulling the string sets the figurine in motion: the hand, head, etc. goes down or up.
When showing silhouettes, the hand of the puppeteer must not be visible. Therefore, each figurine must have an additional part by which this figurine is held.
Many interesting fairy tales and other literary works loved by children can be shown in the shadow theater.

Screen for shadow theater (dimensions in cm)

Theater on flannelgraph

An illustrative display with a flannelograph is listened to and watched by children with great interest. They are struck by the unusualness of the spectacle: the pictures do not fall, stay on the board, like magic. Older children immediately begin to be interested in the technique of making pictures and the flannelgraph itself. Children are even more surprised when the teacher tells them that they themselves can show such a theater of pictures to the kids. Children enthusiastically begin to prepare for the upcoming performance.
For illustrative demonstration with flannelgraph by older children, the following literary works can be recommended: “Toys” by A. Barto, “Toys” by A. Akhundova, “What is good and what is bad?” V. Mayakovsky, "Merry Account" by S. Marshak, "They Didn't Give You Anything" by N. Naydenova, "Tanya Lost" by Z. Alexandrova, "There Lived a Baby Elephant" by G. Tsyferov, "Ladder" by E. Shabal.
Children should know these works by heart. Each work can be told and shown by several children at once.
For this type of theater, you will need a piece of plywood sheathed with soft flannel (two layers is better) - this is a screen. Pictures for display can be drawn by yourself (these are plots or characters from fairy tales, stories), or you can cut them out of old books that are no longer subject to restoration. They are glued onto thin cardboard, and flannel is also glued on the reverse side.
These pictures can be laid out and moved on the table, and if you attach a stick (gapit) to the figure, you can play a performance using the edge of the table as a screen. Another option is also possible: a thread is attached to the upper part of the picture (the picture in this case is drawn from two sides) and the picture is moved near the surface of the floor, table ....

Role theater

This is a theater where children take on the role of a chosen character. Children, with the help of an adult or on their own, act out poems, riddles, little fairy tales, dramatize songs.
For better visibility, children need costumes. You can buy them in the store or sew them yourself. In kindergarten, in each group or at home, it is desirable to have a dressing room, where the costumes are sewn by the hands of parents and children. If you don’t know how to sew, then together with the children make masks of various characters, decorations and props.

Masque

Masks-hats are made according to the size of the performer's head. These can be knitted hats or characters drawn on cardboard that are fastened with an elastic band around the head.

stock doll

.(cockerel, ducklings, dog, bear, etc.) .These dolls are driven with one or two rods (sticks). They are very useful for the development of fine motor skills, which contributes to the development of speech in children. These dolls also develop the flexibility of the fingers, hand and wrist. Working with children younger age dolls on one stem are used. The teacher teaches to hold the doll with all fingers (in the fist). The doll moves due to the movements of the brush. Older children control puppets on two rods. To manipulate such dolls, you need to teach children to hold the sticks only with their fingertips.

Mastering stock puppets.

At stage 1, the teacher shows a performance in which he introduces children to new dolls.

At the 2nd stage, the exercise “Download, sticks! »:

You jump, sticks, take turns knocking sticks on the floor

Like sunbeams!

Jump-jump, wand on wand

Skok-skok, simultaneously on the floor

They jumped on the meadow. take turns knocking

chopsticks on the floor

Right foot - top-top! tap the floor with the right stick

Left foot - top-top! tap the floor with your left stick

They sat on the head, “put the horns” above the head

They sang a song ... to knock with a stick on a stick

Exercise "Knuckle". The stalk is a stick with a flat circle at the end, to which threads with balls are attached on both sides. With three fingers (thumb, index and middle) you need to hold the stick, and if you twist the stick with your fingertips, the balls will hit a flat circle. Children enjoy playing with a hammer and at the same time they develop the skills necessary for puppetry.

At stage 3, a theatrical game is held, during which children learn to drive the doll along the edge of the screen. The teacher distributes a stock doll to everyone and improvises a fairy tale in which all children should participate.

Theater on the egg

We glued stickers based on the fairy tale “Ryaba Hen” on the capsule from Kinder Surprise. In addition, you can buy wooden eggs - blanks and paint them with fairy-tale characters.

origami theater

These are figurines folded from paper. fairy tale characters. For the convenience of puppetry, we attached them to sticks from balloons.

puppet theater

These dolls have one ends of the threads attached to the head, arms, legs, torso, and the other - to the vaga. Vaga is a puppet control tool: by controlling the wag, the actor makes the puppet move. These dolls contribute to the development of coordination of movements, help the child learn to concentrate on one object, develop the flexibility of fingers and hands.

Mastering puppets.

At the 1st stage, the teacher introduces the children to the puppet-puppet. She can dance, approach each child, communicate with him.

Funny shoes are a tool for preparing to drive puppets, as well as for developing hand coordination. "Funny shoes" are easy to make yourself: you need to take a small stick-vaga, to both ends of which attach thin ropes. Bags with cargo in the form of shoes are sewn to the ends of the ropes.

The sequence of the exercises:

1. Alternately rearrange the shoes, holding the vaga with 2 hands.

2. Alternately rearrange the shoes, holding the wag with one hand.

3. One slipper goes around the other. The vaga is held with two hands, the hands move along the rotation of the vaga.

4. One shoe goes around the other in a semicircle and returns. The wag is held with one hand.

5. Both shoes jump at the same time. The wag is held with two hands.

6. Both shoes jump at the same time. The wag is held with one hand.

7. Rotation of the shoes, i.e. with both hands rotate the wag clockwise, then back. Turns out it's a spinner.

At stage 3, the game "Walk with my toy" is held. Under cheerful music children with puppets walk, and then pass their toy to another child.

Stage 4 - performance. To the music different nature children manipulate the puppets, speaking one at a time and observing all the stages of the performance (exit-performance-bow-departure).

Scarf dolls

These dolls are called so because they are made of scarves. A scarf is attached to the doll's head, and elastic bands are sewn to its edges.

The head is attached to the puppeteer's neck, and the rubber bands are attached to the hands. Scarf puppets are convenient because they allow the puppeteer to move and dance freely.

Butterfly handkerchiefs are made of light gauze handkerchiefs, which are gathered in the center with a soft elastic band. The rubber band is attached to the hands. And the edges of the scarf fall on the back of the hands. If you make smooth strokes with brushes, then the edges of the scarf will fly up like butterfly wings. Butterfly dolls develop the flexibility of the hands, strengthen the muscles of the fingers and elbow joints.

Mastering scarf dolls.

At stage 1, children get acquainted with a butterfly doll dressed in the hands of a teacher.

At stage 2, children perform the “butterfly” exercise: the wrist of one hand is superimposed on the wrist of the other hand at the angle of the palm down. The fingers are tightly pressed together and move up and down like the wings of a butterfly.

At the 3rd stage, a theatrical game “a moth flew” is held.

Cam theater

Such a toy is interesting for children because it is dynamic. The head can rotate as it is attached to a stick that is held in the puppeteer's fist and pulled out through a hole in the dress. When driving the doll, two hands are involved. On the fist right hand a toy is put on, and it drives the character, and with the left hand, you can turn the doll's head using a wand.
To make a puppet for the cam theater, you need to make a pattern of all the details of the character, cut them out of fabric and sew them. Then fill the head tightly with cotton wool or foam rubber so that it is voluminous, tighten it harder near the neck and put the resulting head on a stick. (Strengthen the stick with the same thread as the neck, wrapping it around several times.) At the end of the work, the rest of the details are sewn to the head.

Theater of stompers

Characters for the theater of stompers are quite simple to make from old gloves, cutting off everything unnecessary and leaving only two fingers. You can make a pattern of characters and sew them from knitwear. It is better to draw the head on cardboard, then sew it to the figure or glue it, after which the rest of the character's details are sewn on.

Theater on sticks

To make this theater, you will need sticks and silhouettes of characters made of cardboard. The secret of the toys is that each silhouette is attached to a stick and the character is activated by turning it.
Theater on a stick is interesting for children not only because it is very easy to make, but also because actions can be depicted behind a screen and moving freely around the room.

Theatrical activities of preschoolers.

Description: this material is interesting and useful for parents, educators, music directors kindergartens, for teachers additional education.
Target: the importance of theater in the life of a child, the guiding help of an adult.
Tasks:
1. To acquaint parents, teachers with theatrical activities and its significance for the development of the child.
2. Show what a huge impact theatrical activity has on the disclosure of the child's creative potential.
3. To teach to navigate in the directions of work on theatrical activities.

"The Magical World of Theater!" Theatrical activities of preschool children.

Theater is Magic world! He gives lessons in beauty, morality and morality. And the richer they are, the more successful is developing spiritual world of children.
B. M. Teplov

Theatrical activities in kindergarten

it good opportunity disclosure of the creative potential of the child, education of the creative orientation of the individual. Children learn to notice interesting ideas in the world around them, embody them, create their own artistic image of the character, they develop creative imagination, associative thinking, speech, the ability to see unusual moments in the ordinary.
- Theatrical activity helps the child overcome shyness, self-doubt, shyness.
-Thus, the theater helps the child to develop comprehensively.

The value of theatrical activity

In children's educational institutions, it is possible and necessary to pay attention to all types of children's theater, because they help:
- to form the correct model of behavior in modern world;
- raise common culture to introduce the child to spiritual values;
- improve the child's speech, activate the dictionary, improve the sound culture of speech, its intonation system; improve dialogical speech, its grammatical structure;
- introduce the child to children's literature, music, fine arts, etiquette rules, rituals, traditions, instill a steady interest;
- gives elementary ideas about the types of theater;
- improve the skill to embody certain experiences in the game, encourage the creation of new images, encourage thinking;
- be creative in any business, the ability to communicate with peers and adults, the development of stage creativity, musical and artistic abilities of children;
- develops skills public speaking and creative community.

Main areas of work with children

Theatrical play
Theatrical play is a historically established social phenomenon, independent view human activity.
Tasks: to teach children to navigate in space, to be evenly placed on the site, to build a dialogue with a partner on a given topic. To develop the ability to voluntarily strain and relax individual muscle groups, memorize the words of the heroes of the performances, develop visual and auditory attention, memory, observation, imaginative thinking, fantasy, imagination, interest in performing arts.
Rhythmoplasty
Rhythmoplasty includes complex rhythmic, musical, plastic games and exercises designed to ensure the development of natural psychomotor abilities of preschoolers, freedom and expressiveness of body movements, gaining a sense of harmony of one's body with the outside world.
Tasks: to develop the ability to arbitrarily respond to a command or a musical signal, the willingness to act in concert, develop coordination of movement, learn to memorize given poses and figuratively convey them.
Culture and technique of speech
This section of the work combines games and exercises aimed at developing breathing and freedom of the speech apparatus.
Tasks: develop speech breathing and correct articulation, clear diction, varied intonation, logic of speech; learn to compose short stories and fairy tales, pick up the simplest rhymes; pronounce tongue twisters and poems, replenish vocabulary.
Fundamentals of theatrical culture
This section of the work is designed to introduce children to elementary concepts and professional terminology. theatrical art, with its features and types of theatrical art; with the basics of acting; with the culture of the viewer.

Tasks: to acquaint children with theatrical terminology, with the main types of theatrical art, to educate a culture of behavior in the theater.
Work on the play
Work on the performance is based on author's plays and includes acquaintance with the play, fairy tale, as well as work on the performance - from sketches to the birth of the performance.
Tasks: Learn to compose etudes based on fairy tales; develop skills of action with imaginary objects; develop the ability to use intonations that express a variety of emotional states (sad, happy, angry, surprised, delighted, plaintive, etc.).

Organization of theatrical activities of preschoolers at different age stages

Junior group

At the age of 2 - 3 years, kids are keenly interested in playing with the doll, they are impressed by the small stories shown by the teacher, they are happy to express their emotions in motor images-improvisations to music. The theatrical game is closely related to the role-playing game, so most games reflect the range of everyday interests of children: games with dolls, with cars, at a construction site, at a hospital, etc. Familiar poems and songs are good game material. Showing mini-plays in the table theater, with the help of separate toys and puppets, the educator conveys the palette of experiences through intonation, and, if possible, through the external actions of the hero. All words and movements of characters should be clearly defined, differ in their character and mood, should be followed at a slow pace and the action should be short. In order to liberate and eliminate the inner constraint of the kids, special etudes and exercises for the development of emotions are carried out. Using the tendency of children to imitate, it is possible to achieve an expressive imitation by the voice of various sounds of living and inanimate nature. For example, children, depicting the wind, puff out their cheeks, doing it diligently and carelessly. The theatrical game allows the child to enter into special relationships with the outside world, in which he cannot enter on his own due to the limitations of his abilities.

middle group

The child is gradually moving:
- from a game "for oneself" to a game focused on the viewer;
- from a game in which the main thing is the process itself, to a game where both the process and the result are significant;
- from playing small group peers performing similar roles to playing in a group of five to seven peers whose role positions are different (equality, subordination, control);
- from creating in-game dramatization a simple image to the embodiment of a holistic image, which combines the emotions, moods of the hero, their change.
Interest in theatrical games deepens. Children learn to combine movement and text, movement and word in the role, develop a sense of partnership, use the pantomime of two or four actors. The theatrical and gaming experience of children is expanding through the development of dramatization games. Working with children:
- multi-character games - dramatizations based on the texts of two - three - private fairy tales about animals and fairy tales("Swan geese");
- games - dramatizations based on stories on the theme "The work of adults";
- staging a performance based on the work.
The content is based on game etudes of a reproductive and improvisational nature (“Guess what I'm doing”).

Senior group

Children continue to improve their performing skills, a sense of partnership develops. There are walks, observations of the environment (behavior of animals, people, their intonations, movements.) For the development of the imagination, tasks such as: “Imagine ...”, etc. are carried out. Creating an atmosphere of freedom and looseness, it is necessary to encourage children to fantasize, modify, combine , compose, improvise based on existing experience. So, they can change the beginning and ending of familiar plots, come up with new circumstances in which the hero finds himself, introduce new characters into action. Mimic and pantomic etudes and etudes for memorizing physical actions are used. Children are connected to inventing the design of fairy tales, reflecting them in visual activity. In dramatization, children manifest themselves very emotionally and directly; the process of dramatization itself captures the child much more than the result. The artistic abilities of children develop from performance to performance. In the process of theatrical activity, a special, aesthetic attitude to the surrounding world develops, general mental processes develop: perception, imaginative thinking, imagination, attention, memory, etc.

preparatory group

Children of the preparatory school group are keenly interested in theater as an art form. Preschoolers already know the basic rules of behavior in the theater. Special games - conversations, quizzes - will help prepare them for visiting the theater. Acquaintance with various types of theater contributes to the accumulation of live theatrical impressions, mastering the skill of their comprehension and aesthetic perception.
Game - dramatization often becomes a performance in which children play for the audience, and not for themselves, directorial games are available to them, where the characters are puppets obedient to the child. This requires him to be able to regulate his behavior, movements, and think about his words. Children continue to act out small stories using different types of theater: tabletop, bibabo, poster, finger; invent and act out dialogues, expressing with intonation the features of the character and mood of the hero.
In the preparatory group important place occupies not only the preparation and holding of the performance, but also the subsequent work. The degree of assimilation of the content of the perceived and played performance is clarified in a special conversation with children, during which opinions are expressed about the content of the play, characteristics are given to the acting characters, means of expression are analyzed. At this age, children are no longer satisfied with ready-made stories - they want to invent their own, and for this the necessary conditions must be provided:
- aim children at creating their own crafts for the director's board theatrical game;
- introduce them to interesting stories and fairy tales that contribute to the creation of one's own plan;
- give children the opportunity to reflect ideas in movement, singing, drawing;
- Show initiative and creativity as an example to follow.

Forms of organization of theatrical activities
When choosing material for staging, you need to build on the age capabilities, knowledge and skills of children, enrich them life experience, stimulate interest in new knowledge, expand creative potential.
-Joint theatrical activities of adults and children, theatrical activity, theatrical play at holidays and entertainment.
-Independent theatrical and artistic activities, theatrical games in Everyday life.
-Mini-games in other classes, theatrical play-performances, children visiting theaters together with their parents, mini-sketches with puppets during the study regional component with children, involving the main puppet - Petrushka in solving cognitive problems.

Forms of work
- Theatrical games
- speech games
- Rhythmoplasty
- Dramatization of songs, chants, round dances
- Use of different types of theater
- Dramatization of fairy tales
- Visiting theaters;
- Interaction with parents

Types of theater in kindergarten
- bibabo
- table theater
- theater book
- theater of five fingers
- mask theater
- shadow theater
- finger shadow theater
- theater of "living" shadows
- magnetic theater
- puppet theater
- flannelgraph theater

Organization of a theatrical activity corner
Corners for theatrical performances and performances are organized in kindergarten groups. They allocate space for director's games with a finger, table theater.
In the corner are:
- different types of theaters: bibabo, tabletop, flannelograph theater, etc.;
- props for playing scenes and performances: a set of puppets, screens for puppet theater, costumes, costume elements, masks;
-attributes for various game positions: theatrical props, scenery, scripts, books, samples musical works, posters, cash desk, tickets, pencils, paints, glue, types of paper, natural material.

There are many forms of education and upbringing as a process of all-round development of children, but theatrical activity stands apart in this series. This is the type of activity where the game, education and training are inextricably linked. Every child is a magician by nature. The inclinations of creativity are inherent in any child. You need to be able to discover and develop them. The joint task of the kindergarten and parents is to help not to lose Creative skills who they appear, as well as develop who they sleep.

It can be argued that theatrical activity is a source of development of feelings, deep feelings and discoveries of the child, introduces him to spiritual values. This is a concrete visible result. But it is no less important that theatrical classes develop the emotional sphere of the child, make him sympathize with the characters, empathize with the events being played out.

All theatrical games can be divided into two main groups: dramatization and directorial. In games - dramatizations, the child, playing the role as an "artist", independently creates an image with the help of a complex of means of expression.

The types of dramatization are: games - imitations of images of animals, people, literary characters. Dramatization games are role-playing dialogues based on text. But in the director's game, "artists" are toys or their deputies, and the child, organizing activities as a "screenwriter and director", controls the "artists". "Voicing" the characters and commenting on the plot, he uses different means of expression.

The types of director's games are determined in accordance with the variety of theaters used in kindergarten: tabletop, flat and three-dimensional, shadow puppet, finger, etc. In order to develop the creative abilities of children in the process of theatrical activities, it is necessary to highlight multiple conditions:

• The first condition is the enrichment of the environment with the attributes of theatrical activities and the free development of this environment by children (a mini theater, which is periodically replenished with new attributes and decorations);
• The second condition is meaningful communication between the teacher and children.
• The third condition is teaching children the expressive means of theatrical activity:

facial expressions- tells us without words about certain feelings and moods of a person, that is, when a person expresses any emotions.

Gestures– dynamic movement of the body: arms, legs, head, etc., as well as posture.

Pantomime- facial expressions combined with gestures.

Classification of theatrical games

In children younger preschool age the primary development of the director's theatrical game is noted through:

• tabletop toy theatre;
• table plane theater;
• planar theater on flannelgraph;
• finger theatre.

AT age 4-5 years the child masters different types of table theater:

• soft toys;
• wooden theater;
• cone theatre;
• theater of folk toys;
• planar figures;
• theater of spoons;
• theater of riding puppets (without a screen, and by the end school year- and with a screen), etc.

AT senior and preparatory age groups , children can be introduced to puppets, the theater of the "living hand", the shawl theater, people - puppets.

Walking theater

shadow theater

pedagogical experience of the educator:

Tereshchenko N.N., v. Vad

Municipal preschool educational institution kindergarten "Chamomile"

Modern preschool institutions are looking for new humanistic, student-centered approaches to education. Today, many educators are concerned about finding non-traditional ways in creative interaction with children. How to make every lesson with a child interesting and exciting, simply and unobtrusively tell him about the most important thing - about the beauty and diversity of this world, how interesting it is to live in it? How to teach a child everything that is useful to him in this difficult modern life? How to educate and develop his basic abilities: to hear, see, feel, understand, fantasize and invent?

The relevance of this problem is determined by the fact that the development of creative abilities in children contributes to the comprehensive development of the child's personality, increases his further education. One of the most popular and exciting destinations in preschool education is a theatrical activity. It is theatrical activity that allows solving many pedagogical problems related to the formation of the expressiveness of the child's speech, intellectual and artistic and aesthetic education. By participating in theatrical games, children become participants in various events from the life of people, animals, plants, which gives them the opportunity to learn more deeply the world. At the same time, a theatrical game instills in the child a steady interest in their native culture, literature, and theater. Huge and educational value theatrical games, children develop a respectful attitude towards each other, they learn the joy associated with overcoming the difficulties of communication, self-doubt.

My main goal is to develop the creative abilities of children by means of theatrical art. Theatrical activity develops the personality of the child, instills a steady interest in literature, theater, improves the skill to embody certain experiences in the game, and encourages the creation of new images.

Tasks:

1. To consolidate children's ideas about various types puppet theaters be able to distinguish them and name them (table theater, toy theater, shadow theater, mitten theater, etc.)
2. To develop the speech of children with the help of puppet theater, to improve the ability to convey the emotional state of the characters with facial expressions, gestures, and body movement.
3. Develop memory, thinking, imagination, attention of children.

Expected results:

• To enrich the vocabulary of children with nouns, adjectives, adverbs.
• Increase the speech activity of children.
• Induce to statements in the form of complete sentences, to compose fairy tales.
• Develop elements of creativity, initiative; with the help of a teacher, participate in the staging and dramatization of folk tales.
• Raise in children an interest and love for fiction.

The use of non-traditional forms in theatrical activities:

• Non-traditional form of the lesson (the content of such classes is not only acquaintance with the text, but also with gestures, facial expressions, movements, costumes)
• The use of bright, non-traditional subject equipment of the lesson: a set of soft modules as decorations that allow you to change plot picture theatrical performance, non-traditional materials for the manufacture of various types of theater.

I have been working on this topic for three years. I started my work by choosing different types of theaters. Then she actively began to use the theater in her classes, to stage with children theatrical performances. The guys in my group showed such fairy tales as "Turnip" , "Kolobok" , "The Tale of the Cockerel" , "Swan geese" , "How hares built a house" (Appendix).

Chapter 1. Puppet theater as an art form

1. 1. Puppet theater in kindergarten

Theater is one of the most democratic and accessible forms of art for children. It allows you to solve many actual problems modern pedagogy of geeks and psychology related to:

• art education and upbringing of children.
• development of aesthetic taste.
• moral education
• development of communicative qualities of a person.
• education of the will, development of memory, imagination, fantasy and speech.
• creating a positive emotional mood, relieving tension, conflicts through the game.

The theater not only reveals the spiritual and creative potential of the child, but also gives him a real opportunity to adapt to social sphere. It has a great influence on comprehensive development child's personality.

From pedagogical practice it is clear that children most of all love to play with theatrical puppets, show performances, improvise. Playing with a theatrical puppet, the child, on behalf of the hero, talks about his thoughts, feelings, with the help of a puppet he can express and regulate his own experiences. Playing with dolls, interacting with other people, timid children begin to comprehend the process of communicating with peers and as adults, they will be able to behave differently, and depending on the situation, be persistent.

Modern children do not sufficiently represent the life of their ancestors, their way of life, traditions and customs. Festivities fun occupied a very prominent place in the life of the Russian people. In the fair festivities, the foundations of the future professional theater were born. Studying the history of Russian culture and participating in performances will help children better understand the traditions of their people.

Puppet theater is an art that kids get to know on early stage of his life, is a favorite childhood spectacle. Kids are often afraid of Santa Claus, the Bear and other characters performed by actors on the stage of theaters, but they are happy to play with toys depicting their small size. Accustomed to the small size of toys, they are not afraid of the wolf or Baba Yaga, they even threaten with their fingers and drive them away. Therefore, a puppet theater for little ones even has some advantages over a theater in which human artists perform. It has long become a necessary component in the life of our kindergarten. "Chamomile" .

What is the importance of puppet theater for the development of preschool children?

• Our puppet theater affects young viewers with a whole complex artistic means. When showing performances of the puppet theater, both the artistic word and the visual image are used: a puppet, pictorial and decorative design, a song, and musical accompaniment.
• The professional use of the puppet theater is of great help in everyday work with children for the development of mental, moral, and aesthetic education in children. It creates a good mood for children, enriches with impressions, evokes emotions in them, promotes the development of patriotism and artistic education. Happy smiles, burning eyes and joyful faces of our kids during the performance convincingly testify how children love the puppet theater, they are looking forward to the opening of the curtain.
• Its educational value is very important. In the preschool period, the child begins to form the character, interests, attitude to the environment. It is at this age that it is very useful to show children examples of friendship, kindness, love for Russia, honesty, truthfulness, diligence, to show tears and laughter, and the image of modern life.
• Puppet theater, by its nature, is close and understandable to young children and therefore has a huge emotional impact on them. On the stage of our theater they see familiar and beloved dolls and toys. When the "revived" dolls begin to move, speak, they take the children to a completely new, fascinating world, the world of living toys, where everything is unusual, everything is possible and attractive.
• Music is an important component of the performance and aesthetic education of children. She sets off, sets the character and rhythm for each character, each mise-en-scene, emphasizes the rhythm of the movements of the dolls and their mood. The performance of the puppet theater does not pass without singing and dancing of the puppets, which children love and know very much. Music shapes, gives volume and charisma to the performance. Familiar melodies and songs bring children and heroes closer together. It is very good when the children themselves sing a song with the hero and dance during the break of the performance together with the heroes, performing familiar movements in games and dances.

You can start introducing children to the puppet theater from the first junior group. Educators, older preschoolers show small performances to kids, using various types of theaters for this purpose: picture theater, b-ba-bo theater.

By the end of the year, the children of the first junior group, having gained some experience, try to independently participate in the puppet show. This aspiration needs to be supported, developed and strengthened. For this purpose, a finger theater is suitable.

For children of the second younger group, the easiest and most accessible theater is the puppet theater on the table.

AT middle group moving on to more complex theatre. We introduce children to the theater screen and riding puppets, puppets.

AT senior group children should be introduced to puppets, show them puppets with "live hand" .

1. 2. Types of puppet theaters

In our kindergarten, we ourselves make and use puppets in our work with children the following types of puppet theater:

• picture theater
• theater on flannelgraph
• table theater
• theater of boxes, balls, cylinders.
• finger theater
• theater mittens
• toy theater
• theater B-ba-bo
• shadow theater

The theater of pictures, the theater on the flannelograph and the table theater - it is the easiest to manufacture and display. Kids can draw and cut such a theater themselves. They will depict pictures, silhouettes and invent their own stories to them. Here everything is flat and dolls and decorations, flannelgraph - they show on a special board (covered with flannel), table theater - on the stage-table. Everything is available cut out of paper or cardboard. The purpose of such theaters is to diversify the game in groups, to make the toy more interesting for them, to entertain and delight children with what they have done with their own hands. Games with flannelgraph develop creative abilities and contribute to their aesthetic education. Young children are very fond of looking at pictures in books, but if the pictures are shown moving, acting, they will get even more pleasure. (Appendix).

Toy theater - everything is voluminous. Toys used are ordinary children's toys bought in a store, plus various things may be needed for display: dishes, a basket, a crib. It is desirable that all toys are one-textured. Such a representation helps a brighter perception, develops spatial and figurative vision of children. The content of the scene should be extremely simple, without movements and actions that are difficult for toys to perform. To show that the toy is walking, we move it slowly forward, if it runs - faster. When showing, you should sit quietly in front of the audience, look at the active toy, do not make unnecessary movements and avoid unnecessary facial expressions so as not to distract attention from what is happening on the stage, do not hold your free hand on the table, but immediately remove it (Appendix). Purpose: to improve the ability to convey the emotional state of the characters using puppetry techniques.

Theater of boxes, balls, cylinders - children make themselves from ready-made materials: boxes and balls. It remains only to draw or glue - eyes, noses, ears, horns, bows and aprons, hooves and shoes. And what is needed for a little fairy tale. Many interesting things will be offered by the children themselves during work (Appendix). The purpose of such theaters is to diversify the game, to make toys more interesting for children, to entertain and delight them with what is done by oneself.

Theater of fingers - small bags sewn from fabric, dressed on children's fingers. These bags have elements of animals and the image of people. (Appendix). Purpose: to develop fine motor skills hands, improve gestures.

Theater of mittens - children's mittens and gloves. No need to overload with real details (Appendix). Purpose: to form the ability to drive with dolls, independently invent movements to create an image, develop fine motor skills of hands.

Bi-ba-bo theater - the doll is put on the hand, where the index finger is the head, and the fingers to the right and left are the hands (Appendix). Purpose: to consolidate the skills of managing puppets with "live hand" , enrich the vocabulary of children, develop a clear and correct diction.

Shadow theater is silhouettes of plots and puppets cut out of cardboard and covered with black ink. (Appendix). Purpose: to develop the imagination of children, to teach them to collectively and coherently interact with each other, showing their individuality.

To puppet shows were professionally bright, we adults first learn to own theatrical puppets ourselves. The stage of our theater is a screen. On it there is an action of puppets, with decorations. Behind the screen are the puppeteers of their puppets with attributes for showing the performance.

1. 3. Theatrical games

Theatrical art is close and understandable to children, because the theater is based on the game. As independence develops, children show more and more new ideas for theatrical games, the impetus for the deployment of which are fairy tales, stories, stories, cartoons that caused their vivid images and interesting stories desire to play. The game is the most accessible and interesting way for a child to process and express impressions, knowledge and emotions. In a theatrical game, emotional development is carried out: children get acquainted with the feelings, moods of the characters, master the ways of their external expression, realize the reasons for this or that mood. The importance of theatrical play is also great for speech development (improving dialogues and monologues, mastering the expressiveness of speech). Finally, the theatrical game is a means of self-expression and self-realization of the child.

Characteristic features of theatrical games are literary or folklore basis their content and presence of viewers. They can be divided into two main groups: dramatization and directing.

In dramatization games, a child, playing a role as "artist" , independently creates an image with the help of a complex of means of verbal and non-verbal expressiveness. The types of dramatization are:

• games imitating images of animals, people, literary characters;
• role-playing dialogues based on the text;
• performances of works; staging performances based on one or more works;
• improvisation games with plot acting out (or several plots) without prior preparation.

In director's game “artists are toys or their substitutes, and the child, organizing activities as a “screenwriter and director” , manages "artists" . "Voicing" characters and commenting on the plot, he uses different means of verbal expressiveness. The types of director's games are determined in accordance with the variety of theaters used in kindergarten.

Theatrical activity simultaneously performs a cognitive, educational and developmental function.

I participate in theatrical games, children learn about the world around them, become participants in events from the life of people, animals and plants. The theme of theatrical games can be varied.

The educational value of theatrical games is in the formation of a respectful attitude of children towards each other, the development of collectivism. Particularly important moral lessons fairy tale games that children receive as a result of a joint analysis of each game.

In theatrical games, the creative activity of children develops. Children become interested when they not only speak, but also act like fairy-tale characters.

In a theatrical game, children imitate the movements of characters, while their coordination is improved, a sense of rhythm is developed. And movements, in turn, increase the activity of the speech-motor analyzer.

From game to game, the activity of children increases, they memorize the text, transform, enter the image, master the means of expression. Children begin to feel responsible for the success of the game.

Speaking to the audience, children overcome shyness and embarrassment, mobilize their attention. All these qualities will have a beneficial effect on learning activities child at school will help him feel confident among his peers.

So, the theatrical game is one of the most effective ways impact on the child, in which the principle of learning is most clearly manifested: to teach while playing!

Chapter 2. Theatrical activity as a process of interaction, communication and learning

2. 1. Theatrical activity as a priority direction of my pedagogical activity

Important right from the start early childhood attach little man theater, literature, painting. The sooner this is started, the more results can be achieved. Working in kindergarten "Chamomile" , I chose theatrical activity as one of the priority areas.

Starting from the 2nd junior group and up to graduation, I teach children the basics of acting and at the same time introduce them to various types of puppet theater. For this purpose, I use artistic and finger games, games for the expressiveness of movements, their plasticity and coordination.

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Theater occupies an important place in the variety of means of influencing the formation of the personality of a preschool child. It's special synthetic look art, organically combining the artistic word, dramatic action, poetics, painting, and literature. It helps the child to know himself more deeply, inner world, encourages him to self-improvement, causing aesthetic feelings and emotions in the course of a theatrical performance.

If you create conditions for its development, the child will certainly open up the abilities inherent in him by nature. Teachers see their task in identifying these first abilities and, against this background, creating conditions for the full development of the personality.

We dedicate preschoolers with the purpose and history of the theater, with the creativity of actors.

Experienced and creative teachers work with children, taking into account their pedagogical experience, they never stop there. Updating the educational process, they are looking for new forms and methods of organization. Therefore, the idea arose to organize an unconventional theater.

Working on the creation of a new theater is a flight of fancy, a great way to show the creative abilities of children, teachers, parents, the possibility of turning ordinary, at first glance, objects into fairytale heroes, Scenery.

For the manufacture of aprons, teachers used bright, multi-colored fabrics that were most suitable for placing scenery: for a winter plot - an apron blue color, for the image of the forest, to depict the plot in the play "Lame Duck" helped yellow etc.

The decorations are made in such colors that they do not "suppress" the doll, but "work" for her and for the script as a whole.

Dolls and decorations are made of various improvised and natural materials: fabric, fur, thread, paper, foam rubber, straw, twigs, artificial flowers, ribbons and more. In preparation, the teachers successfully combined various techniques character creation.

Having created the first production on the apron "The Cat and the Cockerel", we noticed that this species the theater evokes a sea of ​​emotions in children; gives compact storage and ease of transfer and arrangement (all dolls and decorations are in separate pockets).

Also, this method of theatrical action provides the opportunity to show performances on walks in the warm season, to ensure the maximum stay of children in the fresh air.

We successfully use the theater on an apron in educational activities when you need to count the characters, consolidate the skills of orientation in space, the shape of objects, and so on. After all, the knowledge gained along with impressions is quite strong and deep.

Therefore, bright, expressive, colorful theaters are already ready for the services of the kids of our kindergarten: “Gingerbread Man”, “Turnip”, “Mitten”, “Cat and Cockerel”, “Spikelet”, “Lame Duck”, “Three Little Pigs”, “Little Red Riding Hood” »

Competence in artistic activity the child is determined by the level of development of the aesthetic perception of objects and phenomena, the ability to select different means of realizing the idea, to show creative imagination, aesthetic sensitivity, emotional and value attitude to the environment.

The child is able to emotionally respond to manifestations of the aesthetic, both in life and in art, to express his feelings in different types artistic activities, including theatrical. He enjoys communicating with works of art of various types of theatrical performances and finds himself an emotional and aesthetically sensitive spectator.

The ability to empathize with the characters, understanding the meaning of the action, representations, understanding artistic image- all this makes the child a wonderful connoisseur of theatrical art.

And although under the conditions today the book is a little off computer games and animated films, provided that the teacher creative person, he certainly knows how to interest children, turn their faces to the artistic word. The educator will try to use initiative forms of using literary works by children, referring to literary works.

Introduction to literature and folklore works has a positive effect on the development of the moral, communicative - speech, physical, intellectual spheres of the child, and especially on the development of children's speech. The ability to form and express thoughts, conduct a dialogue, and the like.

According to psychologists, no type of children's activity has such a colossal influence as independent theatrical activity.

Theatricalization occupies a special place in the work of the educator. works of art for children and by the children themselves.

This type of work poses difficulties for interns of pedagogical educational institution during the course of educational pedagogical practice.

Observation of the educational practice of students makes it possible to conclude that, on the one hand, students underestimate the use of various types of theaters in working with children, on the other hand, the inability of students to use various theaters in working with children. This needs to be learned, and we pay great attention in the classroom to the formation of future educators of certain skills on this issue.

One of the tasks of pedagogical practice is to conduct entertainment with preschool children, among which there may be entertainment of theatrical content of works of art and folk art.

Requirements for showing a picture theater performance

The teacher should know the text of the staged work well by heart, tell it very expressively, beating each character with the voice. Decorations should be placed on the stage table so that they do not prevent children from seeing the characters. With his gaze directed at the character who is now speaking, the teacher helps the children understand this more easily.

Shadow play

When showing a shadow theater, the teacher uses only those works that are well known to children so that they can easily recognize one or another image from a familiar work in silhouette.

Toy theater

For toy theater, it is desirable to use toys made of the same material (plastic, soft, etc.). The texts of works of the heroic direction and fairy tales are not used in this type of theater, because the toy cannot convey heroism, or fabulousness.

Petrushka Theater

Special requirements are imposed on the Petrushka Theater, the components of which are:

• scenario;
• decoration;
• musical arrangement;
• artistic word;
• puppet driving technique.

The script of the Petrushka Theater provides that even a familiar work for children should carry a new one: you can add characters and their actions, monologues, that is, weave desirable positive actions into the plot.

It is better when the performance ends with the performance of a song about friendship, especially when the children sing along to the puppets, that is, the song should be familiar to the children.

Stage set requirements

The scenery should create a positive emotional state in children, contribute to understanding the content of the performance, and complement it. The decoration should be bright, aesthetic, hygienic, conditionally proportional to each other (for example, a tree and a bush, a table and a chair), as well as in relation to the dolls (a doll and a bed, or a doll and a house, a tree).

There should not be superfluous scenery that is not involved in the performance: there is a sun in the sky, let one of the characters pay attention to it “How warm it is today, how brightly the sun shines ...”, if there are mushrooms on the stage, you need someone from characters collected them ...

Musical accompaniment of theatrical performance

Of particular importance in the performance is its musical accompaniment, which appeals to aesthetic feelings and tunes in to the emotional perception of the performance. Music should start the performance, complement the characters, their actions, generally lead the plot of the performance, evoke positive emotions in children.

Of great importance is the voicing of the text of the script, i.e. monologues embedded in the language of puppets. It is necessary to reveal each image as brightly as possible with a voice, moreover, to do it in such a way that the children do not recognize the voice of their teacher, who is currently working behind the screen, because this will distract the children from the plot of the play, since the attention of the preschooler is unstable.

It must be remembered that behind the screen the voice changes, dies, so the text should be pronounced much louder and clearer than in everyday life. The text of the script must be known by heart, because the driving of the puppets and their language require some effort to combine them during the performance.

Driving a puppet on a screen requires careful preparation and testing of knowledge so that the faces come to life on stage during the performance. As in the scenery, you should adhere to certain requirements for dolls: aesthetic, hygienic, pedagogical.

If the first two requirements are clear, then we should dwell on the pedagogical requirements. Especially it concerns negative characters. They should not be scary so that the children-viewers are not afraid of them, the voicing of their monologues should also not be painted over with a “scary” voice.

Doll driving technique

Certain requirements are imposed on the technique of driving puppets: how the puppet appears on the screen, how it leaves the stage, their gait ... The mise-en-scene of the performance must be determined in advance.

Remember that when two puppets are talking on a screen, and who "now" says, you can slightly move the "hand", "chairman"; and who is listening should be static, then it will be easier for children to perceive and understand who is speaking now.

When the children themselves participate in the production, the teacher conducts a thorough work on studying the roles of the performance, the technique of driving puppets, preparing the scenery with the children, exercises with the puppet on the screen, and only then showing the finished performance to the children of another group.

The result is painstaking work has an invaluable pedagogical impact on children, both those involved in the performance and those who watch it.

So, the question in each preschool institution is desirable to have a corner of the theater, a center theatrical activities, which should be a mandatory component of the subject - spatial environment from the third year of life of children, in order for children to have free access to theatrical toys, elements of costumes and screens, they used own will without guidance from the teacher.