The meaning of one-part sentences in Russian. Types of one-part sentences

§one. common data

Recall: sentences are divided into two-part sentences, the grammatical basis of which consists of two main members - the subject and the predicate, and one-part sentences, the grammatical basis of which consists of only one main member: the subject or the predicate.

One-part sentences are divided into two groups:

• with main member - subject
• with the main member - predicate

The latter are divided into four types.

This means that there are five types of single-component sentences. Each has its own name:

• nominal
• definitely personal
• vaguely personal
• generalized-personal
• impersonal

Each type is discussed separately below.

§2. One-part sentences with the main member - subject

Name sentences- these are one-part sentences with the main member - the subject.
In denominative sentences, the existence of an object, phenomenon is reported or an emotional and evaluative attitude towards it is expressed. Examples:

Night.
Silence.
Night!
Raspberries are sweet!
What a beauty!

Nominative sentences with particles here, out have a demonstrative meaning: Out the village!

Nominative sentences can be non-common and consist of only one word - the main member or common, including other members of the sentence:

Blue sky above.

Blue sea at your feet.

Near the window is a small table covered with a tablecloth.

Most often, as a subject in denominative sentences, the following are used:

• nouns in I.p.: Heat!
• pronouns in I.p.: Here they are!
• numerals or combinations of numerals with nouns in I.p.: Twelve. First of January.

§3. One-part sentences with the main member - predicate

One-part sentences with the main member - the predicate are not the same in the structure of the predicate. There are four types.

Classification of one-part sentences with the main member - predicate

1. Definitely personal offers
2. Indefinitely personal offers
3. Generalized personal sentences
4. Impersonal Offers

1. Definitely personal offers

Definitely personal suggestions- these are one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate, which is expressed by the personal form of the verb in the form of 1 or 2 liters. or verb in the imperative mood. The face is defined: it is always either the speaker or the interlocutor. Examples:

I love meeting with friends.

the action referred to in the sentence is performed by the speaker, a verb in the form of 1 l. unit

Let's call each other tomorrow!

motivation for the joint action of the speaker and the interlocutor, the verb in the imperative mood)

How do you live?

the action about which information is obtained is performed by the interlocutor, a verb in the form of 2 l. plural

In declarative and interrogative sentences, the action of the speaker or interlocutor is expressed:

Tomorrow I'm leaving for a business trip. What do you prefer for dessert?

Motivating sentences express the motivation for action of the interlocutor:

Read! Write! Insert the missing letters.

Such sentences are independent, they do not need a subject, because the idea of ​​a person can be expressed in the language by the personal endings of verbs.

2. Indefinitely personal offers

Indefinitely personal sentences- these are one-part sentences with the main member - the predicate, which is expressed by the verb in the form of 3 l. plural in the present or future tense or in the plural form. in the past time. The person is indefinite: the action is performed by someone indefinite.

unknown, not determined by whom the action is performed

TV said that...

it is not determined who performed the action

Such sentences do not need a subject, since they express the idea of ​​indeterminacy of the persons performing the action.

3. Generalized personal sentences

Generalized personal offers- these are one-part sentences with the main member - a predicate, standing in the form of 2 l. unit or 3 l. plural in the present or future tenses or in the form of 2 l. units or pl. imperative mood:

In generalized personal sentences, the person appears in a generalized form: all, many, and the action is presented as usual, always performed. Such sentences express the collective experience of the people as a whole, reflect stable, generally accepted concepts. Examples:

You love to ride, love to carry sleds.
You can't build your happiness on someone else's misfortune.

The action referred to is a common one, characteristic of all people, conveying the idea of ​​a collective experience.)

Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.

It doesn't matter who specifically performs the action, it is more important that it is performed usually, always, by everyone - the collective experience is reflected, while a specific person is not implied.

In generalized personal sentences, the idea of ​​a generalized person is important, therefore they express generalizations characteristic of proverbs and sayings, aphorisms, and various kinds of maxims.

Note:

Not all textbooks single out generalized personal sentences as a special type. Many authors believe that certain-personal and indefinitely-personal sentences can have a generalized meaning. Examples:

You love to ride, love to carry sleds.
(considered as a definite personal sentence with a generalized meaning)

Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.
(considered as an indefinite personal sentence that has a generalized meaning)

What is the basis for different interpretations?
Authors who distinguish generalized personal sentences into a separate type pay more attention to the meaning of this group of sentences. And those who do not see sufficient grounds for this, put formal signs (forms of verbs) at the forefront.

4. Impersonal Offers

Impersonal Offers- these are one-part sentences with the main member - a predicate, standing in the form of 3 l. unit present or future tense or in the form cf. past tense. Examples:

An action or state is expressed in them as involuntary, in no way dependent on any person or group of persons.

The predicate in impersonal sentences can be expressed in different ways:

1) with an impersonal verb: It was getting dark., It was getting dark.
2) a personal verb in impersonal use in the form of 3 l. unit present or future tense or cf. unit past tense. It's getting dark, it's getting dark.
3) a short passive participle in the form cf.: Already sent to the market for fresh products.
4) in the word of the state category: Are you cold?, I feel good.
In the present tense, the zero connective of the verb to be not used. In the past and future tense, the link to be is in the forms:

• past tense, singular, cf.: I felt good.
• future tense, singular, 3 lit.: I will be fine.

5) infinitive: To be a scandal., To be in trouble.
6) impersonal auxiliary verb with an infinitive: I wanted to relax.
7) the word of the state category with the infinitive: Have a good rest!
8) negatives: no (no - colloquial), nor: There is no happiness in life!

Impersonal sentences are also diverse in terms of the meanings they express. They can convey both the states of nature, the states of people, and the meaning of the absence of something or someone. In addition, they often convey the meanings of necessity, possibility, desirability, inevitability, and others like that.

test of strength

Find out how you understood the contents of this chapter.

Final test

1. Is it true that sentences with one main member-predicate are called one-part sentences?

2. Is it true that one-part sentences are called with one main member - the subject?

3. What are sentences with one main member - subject called?

   • incomplete
   • nominal

4. What is the offer: What nonsense!?

   • nominal
   • definitely personal
   • impersonal

5. What is the offer: Protect the environment!?

   • definitely personal
   • indefinite personal
   • impersonal

6. What is the offer: The newspaper printed the weather forecast for the week.?

   • indefinite personal
   • generalized-personal
   • definitely personal

7. What is the offer: I'm shivering.?

   • nominal
   • impersonal
   • definitely personal

8. What is the offer: It's getting light.?

   • impersonal
   • indefinite personal
   • generalized-personal

9. What is the offer: He wanted to sleep.?

   • definitely personal
   • indefinite personal
   • impersonal

10. What is the offer: Do you want some tea?

    • definitely personal
    • indefinite personal
    • impersonal

One-part sentences are a frequent occurrence in the language. They are used for different purposes (for example, in fiction, to avoid repetition and tautology) and can be of different types. Let's take a closer look at the typology and give some examples.

Classification of one-part sentences

One-part sentences are divided into types depending on which member of the grammatical basis is missing. We can highlight the following suggestions:

1. denomination.
2. Definitely personal.
3. Generalized personal.
4. Impersonal.
5. Indefinitely personal.

In the first type of sentences there is only a subject, while in the others there is only a predicate.

A definite personal sentence has a predicate that has a person indicator (1 or 2 persons of both numbers). In contrast to it, an indefinitely personal sentence does not have any indication of the agent, i.e. we cannot understand who is the protagonist.

A generalized-personal is a sentence that contains information about an action accessible to everyone (this includes, for example, all proverbs and sayings).

Finally, the impersonal sentence is of the most generalized nature and usually describes some state where the indication of the actor is not needed.

Examples of one-part sentences

In accordance with the classification discussed above, we give several examples of one-part sentences and then determine the type of each of them:

• Winter. Night. Freezing. Snow. Cold. (all five sentences have only a subject, respectively, they are nominal).
• Come home, put the kettle on and enjoy the peace. Let's sing! I love this wonderful time. Don't blame anyone for this. We will reconcile. (examples of definitely-personal sentences).
• Do not count your chickens before they are hatched. Tears of sorrow will not help. You cannot step into the same river twice. Do not judge others by yourself. Don't waste your talent! (generalized-personal).
• Howls in the pipe. You will be given a book. An elephant was led through the streets. Will remember for a long time! I will be reprimanded. (examples of an indefinitely personal sentence).
• It's windy outside. The house is cold. You can't go here! I was terribly sleepy. There is no happiness on earth! (impersonal sentences).

One-syllable sentences- this is a type of simple sentence, the organizing member of which is one main member. The main member of a monosyllabic sentence names an object or phenomenon and at the same time asserts its presence, characterizes the action in its connection with the pre-mego, expresses an attitude towards reality. Monosyllabic sentences for the manifestation of completeness, the peculiar nature of the syntactic structure and objectively subjective content do not require the addition of their second main member.

One-syllable sentences can be widespread and uncommon: Spring. Spring! I love you spring!(P. Usenko).

According to the morphological features of the main member, one-component sentences are divided into registered and verbal.

By value nominal one-part sentences divided into two subtypes -1) nominative (nominative) and 2) vocatives. For example: 1. Crying mother tongue(B. Lei cue). 2. Mother tongue, mother tongue!(A. Metl Indian).

Main Member verbal sentences, expressed by the verb, formally correlates with the predicate of a two-part sentence: I stand. I look at the Dnieper slopes(L. Kostenko).

Verbs sentences are divided into five subtypes: 1) marked-personal; 2)

Sentences with the main member expressed adverb, refers to impersonal: 3 it is warm, reliable(A. Shiyan).

Main member of one-part sentences

means of expression	Functioning in the offer.		examples
verbal
dividminyuvani verb forms	noted-personal vaguely personal generalized-personal		Our love, like a spring star, and I won’t throw the wind, I won’t let you part(A. Malyshko) Shine on, stars, shine on, pure ones! Sprinkle fireflower(M. Voronoi) it seemed that they were not threshing rye, but they were beating the earth for having given birth to poor people(D. Onkovnch) Get around them[Problems] ... / Do not try to cheat - You will then patch holes. You won't get far on a latin(M. Oleinik).
impersonal verb form	impersonal		Dawn, it's been a month(0 Dovzhenko).
personal verb used in an impersonal sense	impersonal		We got radiant. Quiet for the time being. Homomonilo and subsided everywhere(M. Lukov).
impersonal forms was not, no; no matter		impersonal		/ I didn't have any thought in my head (I. Nechuy-Levitsky) The sky is winter more, and deeper heart - pain bottom forum(S. Yovenko).
form of the infinitive with a phase or modal link		impersonal		It can be seen, by good faith With fierce torment, a Cossack can live on earth and laugh at that Cossack(A. Malyshko).
impersonal-predicate adverb with infinitive		impersonal		Good to remember in February about strawberries(K. Gerasimenko).
invariable predicative form on -but,-then		impersonal		You are given to believe and love. What about me? (L. Kostenko) Passed many villages, towns, farms(A. Shiyan).
independent infinitive		infinitive		Words do not deceive the heart(Lesya Ukrainka) Really, what can the poor man say? What life? Marco killed her...(M. Rylsky).
adverbial
predicative adverb		impersonal		/ It really was good in the field, unspeakably good!(M. Kotsiubinsky).
noun in the nominative case		nominative		... Winter, fugue, breakers, more breakers ... Train, railway, and rails, rails to the steppe(Khvylovy) Here is the camp(0 Oles).
noun in vocative case		vocative		0 the highest mountain! Birch and maple have a name, Who came up with, say: "Nameless graves" ?!(B. Oleinik) Hey you, my horse buckskin! Hey listen...(0 Oles).
noun in genitive plural		genitively		And the birds! And flowers! This is a piece of paradise!(L. Shiyan).

The contribution of linguists to the study of one-part sentences

Proposals with one main member have long attracted the attention of scholars. However, in modern linguistics there is no unambiguous interpretation, a clear definition of the object of study. Highlighting the formal-grammatical, semantic-syntactic and communicative aspects of syntax contributes to clarifying the concept of uniformity from a formal-grammatical and semantic point of view.

Representatives of the logical and grammatical direction (M. Grech, A. Vostokov, F. Buslaev) considered single-component sentences as incomplete, since they believed that the sentence as a syntactic unit must have a two-part structure, while allowing the omission of one of the main members of the sentence - sentence. At the same time, the predicate must be present in the sentence. Therefore, nominative sentences were treated as incomplete.

The predicate as the most important component of the sentence was considered by representatives of the psychological and formal grammatical trends (A. Potebnya, P. Fortunatov, D. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky, M. Peterson, D. Kudryavsky). The main member of a monosyllabic sentence, expressed in the common noun, was defined as a predicate. So, P. Fortunatov in the sentence Fire defines the word fire as a psychological predicate, and the psychological subject, in his opinion, is the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bthe flame, the smoke that he had just seen. A. Rudnev notes on this occasion: "This means that P. Fortunatov, approaching the characterization of monosyllabic sentences from a psychological point of view, considers the subject and predicate not from the side of the expression in the language of the relationship of phenomena of reality, but from terms of combination direct perception of the phenomenon with its verbal designation in the language (sentence) ".

A. Shakhmatov made a great contribution to the study of one-part sentences. In his opinion, neither the subject nor the predicate is clearly expressed in one-component sentences, therefore, only the main member of the sentence, which can formally be identified with the subject or predicate, should be asserted.

It is on the views of A. Shakhmatov that the majority of modern linguists rely when establishing the types of one-component sentences and characterizing the main member.

According to the morphological expression of the main member of the sentence, A. Peshkovsky distinguishes verbal impersonal, verbal indefinite personal, nominative and infinitive sentences.

Ukrainian linguists gradually introduced their own terminology. A. Sinyavsky singled out sentences without metaphor, sentences with relative non-metality (indefinitely personal and generalized personal), and sentences without attachment (nominative) L. Bulakhovsky - impersonal and relatively impersonal sentences, nominative. In the academic syntax of the Ukrainian language, the classification of monosyllabic sentences, which is well-established in modern East Slavic linguistics, is used, according to which monosyllabic marked-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal, impersonal, infinitive and nominative sentences are distinguished.

However, even now there are attempts to improve the existing classification of one-component sentences, and. Slinko, N. Guyvanyuk, M. Kobylyanskaya even replace the term "monosyllabic sentences" with "single-core sentences", which are divided into single-core-but-two-component and single-core-single-component sentences. Most of the discussions about marked-personal, indefinitely-personal and generalized-personal sentences, some scientists leave outside of one-component sentences.

According to A. Zagnitkov, monosyllabic sentences should be considered taking into account the irregularity of the formal-grammatical and semantic-syntactic planes of sentences-Nevo structure, as well as the irregularity of all types of one-component sentences, "because among them sentences with pronounced personal semantics stand out." This is precisely what determines the assignment of designated-personal, indefinitely-personal, generalized-personal one-part sentences in two-part sentences (V. Simovich, Yu. Shorokh, I. Pupil, N. Shvedova, G. Zolotova). There is no doubt about the status of impersonal proposals.

The peripheral link of verbal one-part sentences is marked-personal structures, which are closest to two-part sentences. Marked-personal, indefinite-personal and generalized-personal sentences A. Zagnitko qualifies as two-part at the level of semantic-syntactic structure and as monosyllabic, paradigmatically correlated with two-part, in the formal-grammatical dimension.

According to the certainty-indeterminacy of the subject of the action (state), monosyllabic sentences occupy an intermediate position: they are behind two-part sentences; they are followed by non-membered sentences (sentence equivalents). In two-fold sentences, the subject of the action (state) is clearly outlined, since they have a subject that represents it; the maximum uncertainty of such a subject is inherent in the word-you-sentence.

Finding out the relationship between a sentence and a judgment, some scientists are inclined to think that two-part sentences express two-term judgments, and monosyllabic sentences are one-membered, in which the subject of the judgment may not be expressed.

Based on the theoretical provisions of the works "Modern Ukrainian Literary Language: Syntax" (1972), "Theoretical Grammar of the Ukrainian Language: Syntax" (2001) by A. Zagnitkov and others, we distinguish the following types of one-component sentences, taking into account formal grammatical and semantic features: noted -persons, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, infinitive, nominative, which, according to the way the main member is expressed, are divided into verbal (marked personal, indefinitely personal, generalized personal, impersonal, infinitive) and nominal (nominative) sentences.

Monosyllabic sentences, like two-part ones, can be extended and non-sufficient, complete and incomplete.

Most often, the task of the B4 USE in the Russian language involves the ability. There is a lot of information on this topic - you can find it in school textbooks, various kinds of manuals, etc. And we decided to focus on the most important thing - on what is directly useful for completing tasks.

One-part sentence differs from two-part, first of all, by the fact that in it not two main members, but only one- subject or predicate. Let's observe:

Depending on which main member (subject or predicate) is in the sentence, one-part sentences are divided into two groups:

• one-part sentences with the main member-subject,
• one-part sentences with the main member-predicate.

Let's look at each of the groups.

One-part sentences with the main member-subject

it nominal sentences . Their grammatical basis consists only of the subject, which in most cases is expressed by a noun in the nominative case.

Nominative sentences may include secondary members (that is, be common), they often contain particles ( here, here, and there, what etc.):

One-part sentences with the main member-predicate

They, in turn, are divided into several types, depending on how the speaker or writer knows the producer of the action (“face”):

Definitely personal suggestions

Consider suggestions:

There is no subject in them, however, the one who performs the action is easily guessed in them - “the person is determined” (therefore, such sentences are called definitely personal).

As you can see, the predicate in one-part definite-personal sentences is expressed by verbs of 1 and 2 persons, singular and plural. Simply put, personal pronouns can be substituted for the predicate in a definite personal sentence: me, we, you, you.

But keep in mind: we are talking only about verbs-predicates in present and future tense. In the past time It is not that simple:

The fact is that in the past tense, verbs do not change by person. And that means definitely personal a one-part sentence with a predicate in the form of the past tense cannot be: it’s impossible to determine the “face”!

Moreover, sentences like "Walking down the street" are not one-piece. These are two-part incomplete sentences. The words in them are not missing, as in one-part sentences, - and skipped and are restored from a previous context or situation. And here is the proposal "Sang a song" may be one-part indefinitely personal.

Indefinitely personal sentences

Judging by the name, in indefinite personal sentences “the person is not defined” - the one who performs the action is unknown to the speaker or writer. And yet, the action is performed by someone, the “person” producing it exists:

Someone writes about the weather in the newspapers, someone knocks on the door, someone will talk about it - but who exactly does all these actions is unknown.

The predicates in such sentences are expressed in the 3rd person plural of the present, past or future tense. Remember: the predicate in an indefinite personal sentence is always in the plural!

If in an indefinite personal sentence the “person” performing the action is unknown, then in an impersonal sentence it is simply No. The action takes place on its own., without the participation of the subject.

There are many varieties of impersonal sentences, let's dwell on some of them.

In an impersonal sentence it can be expressed, for example, state of nature or man:

Impersonal are one-part sentences in which the predicates (or parts thereof) are words no, it was not (will not be), (not) necessary, impossible etc.:

The predicate in an impersonal sentence is often expressed infinitive:

By the way, such predicates are often found in one of the parts of a complex sentence:

Generalized-personal are considered one-part sentences in which the action of the verb-predicate does not refer to one person, but to many (or all) - that is, to a generalized “person”.

Most often, generalized personal sentences are proverbs:

In form, such sentences can be definitely personal or indefinitely personal, differing, however, in their generalized meaning. That is why not all linguists distinguish generalized personal sentences into a separate type of one-component sentences. However, it is impossible to completely ignore the specifics of such proposals. Sometimes they are described as follows:

What goes around comes around.— A one-part definite-personal sentence with a generalized meaning.

Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.- One-part indefinitely personal sentence with a generalized meaning.

The opposition of two-part and one-part sentences is connected with the number of members included in the grammatical basis.

Two-part sentences contain two the main members are the subject and the predicate.

The boy is running; The earth is round.

One-part sentences contain one main member (subject or predicate).

Evening; It's evening.

Types of one-part sentences

Expression form of the main member	Examples	Correlative constructions two-part sentences
1. Offers with one main member - PREDICT
1.1. Definitely personal suggestions
Verb-predicate in the form of the 1st or 2nd person (there are no forms of the past tense or conditional mood, since in these forms the verb has no person).	I love the storm in early May. Run after me!	I I love the storm in early May. You Run after me!
1.2. Indefinitely personal sentences
The verb-predicate in the form of the plural of the third person (in the past tense and the conditional mood the verb-predicate in the plural).	They knock on the door. They knocked on the door.	Somebody knocks on the door. Somebody knocked in the door.
1.3. Generalized personal offers
They do not have their own specific form of expression. In form - definitely personal or indefinitely personal. Distinguished by value. Two main types of value: A) the action can be attributed to any person; B) the action of a particular person (the speaker) is habitual, repetitive, or presented as a generalized judgment (the verb-predicate is in the form of the 2nd person singular, although we are talking about the speaker, that is, the 1st person).	You can't take the fish out of the pond without difficulty(in the form of a definite personal). Do not count your chickens before they are hatched(in form - indefinitely personal). You can't get rid of the spoken word. You will have a snack at a halt, and then you will go again.	Any ( any) without difficulty will not take the fish out of the pond. All do not count your chickens before they are hatched . Any ( any) counts chickens in the fall. From the spoken word any won't let go. I I'll have a snack at a halt and then I'll go again.
1.4. impersonal offer
1) Verb-predicate in impersonal form (coincides with the singular, third person or neuter form).	a) It's getting light; It was getting light; I'm lucky; b) melts; in) to me(Danish case) can't sleep; G) blown by the wind(creative case) blew off the roof.	b) Snow melts; in) I am not sleeping; G) The wind tore off the roof.
2) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	a) It's cold outside ; b) I'm cold; in) I'm sad ;	a) there are no correlative structures; b) I'm cold; in) I'm sad.
3) A compound verbal predicate, the auxiliary part of which is a compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - an adverb.	a) to me sorry to leave with you; b) to me Need to go .	a) I I don't want to leave with you; b) I have to go.
4) A compound nominal predicate with a nominal part - a brief passive participle of the past tense in the singular, neuter gender.	Closed . Well said, father Varlaam. The room is smoky.	The store is closed . Father Varlaam said smoothly. Someone smoked in the room.
5) The predicate no or the verb in the impersonal form with the negative particle not + addition in the genitive case (negative impersonal sentences).	No money . There was no money. No money left. There wasn't enough money.
6) The predicate no or the verb in the impersonal form with the negative particle not + the addition in the genitive case with the intensifying particle neither (negative impersonal sentences).	There is not a cloud in the sky. There wasn't a cloud in the sky. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a penny.	The sky is cloudless. The sky was cloudless. I don't have a penny. I didn't have a dime.
1.5. Infinitive sentences
The predicate is an independent infinitive.	Everyone be silent! Be thunder! To go to the sea! To forgive a person, you need to understand it.	Everyone be quiet. There will be a thunderstorm. I would go to the sea. To could you forgive a person, you must understand it.
2. Offers with one main member - SUBJECT
Denominative (nominative) sentences
The subject is a name in the nominative case (the sentence cannot contain a circumstance or addition that would relate to the predicate).	Night . Spring .	Usually there are no correlative structures.

Notes.

1) Negative impersonal sentences ( No money; There is not a cloud in the sky) are monosyllabic only when negation is expressed. If the construction is made affirmative, the sentence becomes two-part: the form of the genitive case will change to the form of the nominative case (cf .: No money. - Have money ; There is not a cloud in the sky. - There are clouds in the sky).

2) A number of researchers form the genitive case in negative impersonal sentences ( No money ; There is not a cloud in the sky) considers part of the predicate. In school textbooks, this form is usually parsed as an addition.

3) Infinitive sentences ( Be silent! Be thunder!) a number of researchers refer to impersonal. They are also discussed in the school textbook. But infinitive sentences differ from impersonal ones in meaning. The main part of impersonal sentences denotes an action that arises and proceeds independently of the agent. In infinitive sentences, the person is encouraged to take active action ( Be silent!); the inevitability or desirability of active action is noted ( Be thunder! To go to the sea!).

4) Nominative (nominative) sentences are classified by many researchers as two-part with a zero link.

Note!

1) In negative impersonal sentences with an addition in the form of the genitive case with an intensifying particle neither ( There is not a cloud in the sky; I don't have a dime) the predicate is often omitted (cf.: The sky is clear; I don't have a dime).

In this case, we can talk about a one-part and at the same time incomplete sentence (with an omitted predicate).

2) The main meaning of denominative (nominative) sentences ( Night) is the statement of being (presence, existence) of objects and phenomena. These constructions are possible only if the phenomenon is correlated with the present time. When changing tense or mood, the sentence becomes two-part with the predicate to be.

Wed: It was night ; There will be night; Let there be night; It would be night.

3) Nominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain circumstances, since this minor member usually correlates with the predicate (and there is no predicate in nominal (nominative) sentences). If the sentence contains a subject and a circumstance ( Pharmacy- (where?) around the corner; I- (where?) to the window), then it is more expedient to analyze such sentences as two-part incomplete ones - with an omitted predicate.

Wed: The pharmacy is/is located around the corner; I rushed/ran to the window.

4) Nominative (nominative) sentences cannot contain additions that correlate with the predicate. If there are such additions in the proposal ( I- (for whom?) behind you), then it is more expedient to analyze these sentences as two-part incomplete - with the predicate omitted.

Wed: I am walking/following you.

Plan for parsing a one-part sentence

1. Determine the type of one-part sentence.
2. Indicate those grammatical features of the main member that make it possible to attribute the sentence to this particular type of one-component sentences.

Sample parsing

Show off, city of Petrov(Pushkin).

The offer is one-part (definitely personal). Predicate show off expressed by the verb in the second person of the imperative mood.

A fire was lit in the kitchen(Sholokhov).

The sentence is one-part (indefinitely personal). Predicate lit expressed by the verb in the plural of the past tense.

With a gentle word you will melt the stone(proverb).

The offer is one-sided. In form - definitely personal: predicate melt expressed by the verb in the second person of the future tense; in meaning - generalized-personal: the action of the verb-predicate refers to any actor (cf .: With a kind word and a stone will melt any / anyone).

Smelled wonderfully fishy(Kuprin).

The offer is one-part (impersonal). Predicate smelled expressed by the verb in the impersonal form (past tense, singular, neuter).

soft moonlight(stagnant).

The offer is one-part (named). Main member - subject light- expressed by a noun in the nominative case.