The author loves and admires the heroine. The image of Tatyana Larina is a bright female image of Russian literature

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Exercise 1.

What case form do the following derivative prepositions require after themselves? Give contexts in which they would be used.

According to, thanks to, in view of, contrary to, due to, due to, excluding, in accordance with, due to, in the area, due to, at the end of, after the expiration.

Exercise 2.

Analyze the sentences, formulate why such uses of prepositions are erroneous. To answer this question, read the corresponding section of the "Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation and Literary Editing" by D.E.Rosenthal.

1. At the end of the practice, students are collected for a conference. 2. Against the order of the dean's office, students continue to smoke under the stairs. 3. According to the order of the mayor of the city, compensation will be paid to the victims. 4. All of his relatives live in Ukraine, which in our times is already a different country. 5. I won’t be able to today: we will be at the concert. 6. After some time, it will be possible to return to this problem again. 7. In my first year, I really missed my parents. 8. In many countries of the world, there is a rule according to which all more or less significant volumes of external borrowings of individual market entities of a given country are guaranteed to one degree or another by the state. 9. Thanks to him, we managed everything on time. 10. What time did you come home from school today?

Exercise 3

Compare pairs of sentences. Using the "Handbook of Spelling, Pronunciation and Literary Editing" by D.E. Rosenthal, formulate the possibility of using variant forms.

1. Most of the first-year students successfully passed the winter examination session. – Most of the first-year students who entered universities immediately after graduation successfully passed the winter examination session. 2. Five soldiers went to reconnaissance. - Five soldiers went to reconnaissance. 3. Roast - canned meat - met with sour mines. - St. John's wort grew throughout the clearing. 4. The children liked the toy car. – The library-museum acquired the unpublished manuscripts of the writer. 5. The mother with the child went to the outpatient clinic. - After dinner, Los with Rusakov went to look at warehouses and shops.

Exercise 4

Specify errors in management. Suggest all possible edits.

1. An exchange of opinions has begun. 2. We admired the beauty of the summer sunset. 3. I am very happy with the decision of the court: everything turned out the way I wanted. 4. Business people are required to manage and organize the business. 5. He was always surprised by the diligence of his son. 6. It is not necessary to shoot people - houses, animals and flowers are also possible. 7. This text refers to the official business style: it regulates the rights of the reader. 8. Khrushchev needed to show Stalin that not everyone in Ukraine was a traitor. 9. Comrades, pay the fare. 10. Of course, we thought, hoped for such a victory. 11. The plant organized and manages subsidiaries. 12. Let's finish talking about June 8 and start talking about the cyclical nature of the economy. 13. Tolstoy describes the war. 14. After the program "Circus with the Stars" Ksenia Sobchak is not afraid of anything, she is not even afraid of a parachute jump. 15. By the ninth of May, we planned to start the festival. 16. Admiring the work of Michelangelo ... 17. I have a suspicion that he is lying. 18. Questions that people are still looking for answers to. 19. The speaker operated with unverified data. 20. All the efforts of teachers have been directed to ensure high performance.

Exercise 5

Correct the errors associated with the use of adverbial turnover.

1. Having dug a hole to the bottom, blue stones shone in the sun. 2. Opening the window, the smell of pine trees. 3. Approaching the city, a strong wind began. 4. Having finished the tour, lunch was waiting for us at the restaurant. 5. Waking up, he was told that breakfast had already been served. 6. Born in such a cinematic family, Natasha's future was, in general, predetermined (O. Pushkina about the daughter of N. Belokhvostikova and V. Naumov - Natalia). 7. After watching this film, I felt very sad. 8. Arriving home, the radio played at full volume. 9. Leaving the apartment, he had tears. 10. Muslims believe that having visited this mountain, the Lord will forgive them all their sins. 11. Arriving in Paris, he was invited to the embassy. 12. After answering our questions within five days, the gift from Spektr will be yours. 13. Being a brilliant master in abdominal surgery, V.A. Ovchinnikov did a lot in this section. 14. Arriving home, I felt much better. 15. I don't know how bad it is, coaching the national team. 16. Following our advice, your shoes will be durable. 17. Cooperating with us, you are guaranteed success. 18. He was a simple teacher, afraid of society. 19. After fixing the pencil, it broke again. 20. Having entered there, at first it was a little difficult for me.

Exercise 6

Correct errors related to the homogeneity phenomenon. After analyzing the examples, answer the question of what could be the cause of this error.

1. The author loves and admires his heroine. 2. The lamp is suspended above the sofa and is very beautiful. 3. ...characterized by several stages of settlement and organization of economic activity. 4. They are lazy, ugly, evil, vile, and when something is needed, they are polite, kind, courteous. 5. The girl is smart, without bad habits and exemplary behavior. 6. Be also gentle, beautiful and happy. 7. The main task of headlines is to attract and manage attention. 8. Oriental girls dance amazingly: they love and perfectly control their body. 9. The sacred books of this religion were the classics and the main subject of study. 10. Every person faces the problem of choice in life: we choose work, clothes, food and where to invest money. 11. And on this the author builds his influence on the reader in order to convey that information and to get the result that the author needs and will give great importance to the journal. 12. After reading this novel, I realized that people are different and what money does with people. 13. The purpose of the work is the concept of anomalies of modern speech and finding the nature of their origin, as well as to find out how colloquial speech differs from literary, and finally, why it has a strong influence on human speech, to consider the features of colloquial speech of the 21st group. 14. You will not find a clinic that, to varying degrees, would be related to the decision of teaching and interest in scientific research. 15. Today, literary criticism is dominated by the concept, according to which there are two main types of the Gothic novel, and one of the founders of which is V. Dibelius.

Exercise 7

1. The police often stared blankly at the escalating conflict. 2. The peasantry opposed the landowners. 3. Bazarov proudly declares that my grandfather plowed the land. 4. But in the evenings, after returning from work, I do not want to read anything serious. 5. This is the younger generation that is growing up. 6. I found someone to consult. 7. Young people were happy, excited. 8. The novel "Fathers and Sons" was written by Turgenev in 1862. 9. I. Eiges believed that music in general occupied a large place in the work of Chekhov and romances, in particular. 10. They were mainly interested in the opportunity to trade on the Irkutsk market and treatment in regional hospitals. 11. They have known each other since childhood. 12. Few of the designers of business-class cars offer such legroom. 13. Inviting slogans and fonts, supposedly written by hand, thus give the messages a bright emotional coloring. 14. The defendant at the trial will be, in addition to the singer, the record companies that released his album. 15. My father is a doctor, so my interest in medicine is quite understandable. 16. Leaving the car, my package was torn. 17. Roma put on a shirt with short sleeves, which he tucked into his trousers. 18. Smoking and alcohol are harmful to health. 19. The boy threw a stone into the water. 20. A hundred years have passed. 21. And I, like many people who think the same way, support my opinion. 22. In one of the military units, a child was born with a pathology. 23. In trying to answer this question, I have a number of comments. 24. Congratulations to the team of our faculty "Arzamas-2004" for the victory in the Cup of universities in Irkutsk. 25. The author in this text is explicit.

Exercise 8

Fix syntax errors. Formulate the rules for choosing a normative option.

1. Reading interviews with you, looking through your biography, it seems that your life has developed quite smoothly. 2. Often constructions of this kind provoke the addressee to build a false conclusion about the advertised product, which is beneficial to the advertiser. 3. Understanding borrowing as a process that updates and fulfills, along with intrastructural phenomena, the vocabulary of the borrowing language. 4. Socio-precedent phenomena are such phenomena that any average representative of a certain society knows, and are included in the collective cognitive space. 5. The central streets are swept, clean and tidy, and turning to the right, as to the left, the pictures change. 6. Western European public opinion has a poor idea of why we are against NATO expansion. 7. All the efforts of teachers were directed to ensure high performance.8. Thus, memory can include various kinds of memories and interpret them in relation to the spiritual state of the individual, and is applicable to a significant life period in which the spiritual and physical path of its development is reflected. 9. Colleagues expect that their love, united, will create that positive charge of energy that will help Nikolai return to duty. 10. We emphasize once again: the frequent use of such combinations in advertising texts, as well as the fact that these combinations, being a source of a false conclusion, can distort the real assessment of the product, allow us to argue that this is a special manipulative technique. 11. The main thing in the drama is not the events, but the hero who is involved in some life situation and faces the problem of choice. 12. Paying attention to the names of these heroes, it is not difficult for us to understand why one of them is called dryly - by the name of Lapshin, and the other warmly and in a friendly way - Uncle Vasya. 13. At this time, Oleg is confused, screaming, rushes into the yard, and then runs in and, as the playwright notes, he became furious and cries. 14. Lyamin, on the contrary, feels his responsibility for the fate of other people. And hurry to do them good. 15. Andrei Pavlovich Buzykin also runs his own marathon. 16. It is very important that advertising firms persistently study and implement the accumulated experience of various manufacturers. 17. He probably ran out for ice cream for our secretary Zoenka, his beloved passion, which I did not fail to notice to him. 18. In this chapter, we will try to consider the "folk thought" in the novels of L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace" and G. Vladimov "The General and his army", in which G. Vladimov focuses on "War and Peace" when depicting the people, and in what he does not agree with L.N. Tolstoy. 19. Based on this paragraph, we can conclude that the variety of linguistic paradoxes allows Schwartz to most thoroughly reveal the paradox of life. 20. A wide range of applications, as well as the prevalence of this method of managing people, led to the emergence of many scientific studies on the phenomenon of manipulation. 21. The study of the concept of manipulation within the framework of psycholinguistics is dictated by the desire to explain at a theoretical level, based on the results of various experiments, the principles of organizing human behavior in various conditions of the social context that influence and dominate it. 22. Vitka's mother from the story "Mother's Heart" begins to actively fuss about her son, who got into the police. Busy everywhere he can. Sorrowfully, even humiliatingly, she asks for help from people who, as she believes, can release her son, bring the guy home, remove, write off the blame from him. As soon as he entered the police station, right from the threshold he threw himself on his knees in front of the “chiefs”. 23. I am referring to those tragic events that took place during your journey. 24. Dear teachers! Write your last name, disease, where you would like to be treated within the Irkutsk region. 25. Thus, based on formal positions, the phenomena of linguistic absurdity are of a syntactic nature and are realized within a complex syntactic whole or text.

SPEECH ACCURACY

Exercise 1.

Analyze examples in which the accuracy of speech is violated. Determine what kind of accuracy is not observed by the authors of the statements, indicate the type of error, suggest your version of the edit.

1. In case of phosphorus poisoning, yellowing of the skin may occur. 2. Newspapers enthusiastically wrote about Zalmanov's baths. 3. Is the director of the faculty supposed to help students? 4. In the 19th century, everyone who lived in the palaces were plebeians. 5. Wheat and rye are cereals. 6. It's getting harder and harder to patch up worn-out agricultural machinery. 7. You need to complete the following task. 8. The raid revealed a whole galaxy of crooks. 9. To feel normal in the squad, you need to stand apart in the team. 10. Next up are prairie parties. 11. Watch in the evening a report on the tragic death of the aircraft. 12. Pushkin at the ball, and there - Natalia Goncharova, thin, tall, aspen waist ... 13. The duration of our territory is greater than the distance from Russia to America. 14. How ours took Berlin in forty-third! 15. Elizaveta Vasilievna was tired: first, in the morning, they held a prayer service (it was she who insisted on a church funeral), then - at the cemetery, then - a long commemoration ...

Exercise 2.

Analyze examples in which the accuracy of speech is violated. Classify the type of error, suggest your version of editing.

1. When a student lives up to grade 5, he does not know how to accurately determine a complex sentence from a simple one. 2. I like her umbilical cord earring. 3. Before the birth of children, I absolutely did not know what to do on the weekend. 4. It’s over forty with the wind outside, I start the car, and it’s hot. 5. Your skin becomes tighter. 6. The last time Alexander wore a suit and tie was in the first class. 7. Two priests in the taiga in church guise ... 8. The main characters in the film "Ivan Vasilyevich Changes His Profession" ran into the tsar's chambers, immediately after them the shooters burst in. 9. Many books have been written about the heroism of the Russian people. 10. The wards of Vladimir Poroshin saddled the small ice arena of Yermak. 11. It was necessary to introduce smart censorship at that time. 12. I can't ride the bus in summer. Those are scents! And I have, you know, such a subtle charm! 13. I will tell you about it later, in a perverse conversation. 14. The general manager of Chrysler pulled the company out of a breakthrough. 15. He explained that he had committed the crime because of a wrong conception of the law.

Exercise 3

Correct the sentences in which the mixing of words related to the same conceptual area is allowed as a result of incorrect actualization of the differentiating component of the meaning.

1. Take the dirty plate to the laundry. 2. Try cucumbers! Delicious like fresh! You can't even hear that it's salty! 3. I wanted to eat, I go into the refrigerator, and there - it's empty! 4. I bought myself a perfume with a watermelon flavor. 5. And then we all went for a walk in unison. 6. You are eerily beautiful today. 7. Urgently come to me tonight. 8. The result of using the cream is smoothed facial features. 9. Yesterday my friend got drunk to smithereens - he got into the police. 10. You do what you want, but I don’t like these perfumes, and I think I have already heard this smell a hundred times. 11. Your apartment in rose petals! It's terribly romantic! 12. Thank you, you are terribly kind. 13. Most of them (about male "adventurers") are deeply married, but they want extra adrenaline. 14. Bake 3-4 cakes, grease them with sour cream or jam. Carrots are completely unrecognizable in the test! 15. If you are curious and look into any medical brochure about allergies, you will surely find the name of Hippocrates there, followed by the iconostasis of famous names.

Exercise 4

Analyze the examples and answer the question from which lexical paradigm the inaccurate choice of option was made. Suggest an edit.

1. The early rising luminary woke me up long before my father arrived. 2. Fleeing from midges, the cow beat itself on the back with its tail and growled plaintively. 3. In the opera Carmen, the title role is performed by Vladimir Atlantov. 4. There can be no friendship between a man and a woman. They are led by physics. 5. No, I’m already full, don’t even try to offer me pies, otherwise I won’t refuse. 6. Give me a towel. It still needs to be washed. 7. You are not good at appealing with concepts. 8. Effective measures have been taken to address this issue. 9. The young man sat down and committed a premature car theft. 10. To increase profits, you need to change the type of productivity. 11. Your Danka is bad: still young! But if you train it, then an excellent wrestling dog will turn out! 12. I quickly ran down the stairs from the first to the fifth floor! 13. And you turn out to be a complete ignoramus, and you also show off your knowledge of technology. 14. I don’t need your four hundred grams, I only take economical packages. 15. The whole problem is that Maxim is not used to work and loves to lead a festive lifestyle.

SPEECH CLARITY

Exercise 1.

Correct the sentences in which the clarity of speech is impaired, classify the type of error.

1. No seat, no shelter for him. 2. About three days before the test, I realized that I was no longer up to novels. 3. In the fairy tale "The Magic Pot", the girl could not remember the spell, the pot did not cook for her. 4. We overestimated a lot of things this year. 5. We make only urgent fractures (announcement on the door to the X-ray room). 6. Orbakaite invited Druzhinina to star in this film. 7. A conversation was held with a representative of the delegation, who had recently arrived in Moscow. 8. We will save you from the future (an advertisement for an insurance company). 9. Unfortunately, the striker's candle hit the cross (the ball sent by the attacker hit the corner of the goal). 10. My windows fell yesterday (Windows program) .11. Hackers actively produce zombies, which poses a great danger to users (zombies are a computer infected with a virus). 12. The appointment of the rector was not a surprise. 13. Yesterday such boys gave me a ride! 14. In order to avoid problems at the entrance with security, we recommend that you take with you a photo confirming your age. 15. We have an old boss.

Exercise 2.

Analyze statements in which there are dialectisms and professionalisms. Does this impair speech clarity? If necessary, suggest your own version of the edit.

1. He drives a tablet (a tablet is a UAZ car). 2. Tomorrow show students the regime moments (regime moments - dressing, feeding, etc. in kindergarten). 3. Do not forget to take a photo of the working day tomorrow (fixing the actions of the employee during the working day). 4. Exhaust we received from placement in specialized magazines (exhaust - a high degree of advertising effectiveness). 5. There are three of us, children, in the family, I am an otkonchik (otkonchik is the youngest). 6. I just got burned with a golohay (golohay - nettle). 7. Lisa, it's time for you to change the motherboard in your head and add two hundred gigs of memory that way (motherboard - motherboard; gig - gigabyte). 8. I’ll go to the kut (kut - kitchen). 9. And I have a misfortune: the mother passed out and the screw flew (the mother - the motherboard, the screw - the hard drive). 10. I will print out the turnover sheet for you, check the balances for the material (the turnover sheet is the turnover sheet for accounting for the material).11. My father went hunting last year, he killed a pest (a pest is a bear). 12. Well, Tatyana, you need treatment for the figure eight (the figure eight is a wisdom tooth). 13. Lyonya, why don't you say anything about tuning my car? (tuning - additional technical and / or decorative improvement). 14. The ace, playing with the brakes, manages to keep the wheels just on the verge of a skid, achieving the most spectacular sliding. 15. Yes, here is the daughter of Suraz I done, where will I get the money for everyone to buy shoes? (surazyo - illegitimate children).

Exercise 3

Analyze examples where ambiguity occurs. Determine which language means provokes the emergence of ambiguity. Classify the type of error. If necessary, suggest your own version of the edit.

1. On this day, she did not have a pass. 2. It turned out to be not as difficult to sort out as I thought. 3. Alexandra invited her daughter. 4. Borrowing a large amount of money is known to be the best way to lose a friend. 5. I gave you sugar. 6. There were bones lying on the floor, didn't you see them? 7. She looked at Harry disapprovingly and knocked over another glass of brandy. 8. - What will you do? – I don’t know yet, maybe the floor will have to be changed. 9. The store was, as always, empty. 10. - Yura, bring the key!

Exercise 4

Analyze examples that break the clarity of speech. For editing, use the list of word meanings below.

1. I took an overdraft yesterday. 2. We release it to the market, and then the Ministry of Labor and Social Protection and the Department of Employment of the Population say: but we have a release on the socialist market. 3. You call him and tell him not to pull me in, then I'll stick out. 4. Yesterday, before 5 pm, the purlins were laid. 5. We decided to go fishing over the weekend, but we can’t find a normal slot. 6. We need to put up monuments and machine guns for the fact that we were at full speed. 7. Do you want styling? 8. Vera presented several birds to the winterers of the Dikson Island, which had acclimatized well. 9. - What kind of cords did you take? - Tulips. 10. Yesterday I found Fenka in Lyvadi

Values: ‘social workers’, ‘lowland flooded during rains’, ‘bars’, ‘drive out of time, speed up’, ‘boat’, ‘payday loan’, ‘cords with three outlets’.

Exercise 5

Analyze the examples and answer the question, do they violate the clarity of speech? Classify the type of error. If necessary, suggest your own version of the edit.

1. Ordinary eye cream is not suitable. 2. I can't see anything because of the heads. 3. Observations on the language of young children. 4. It turned out that 200 exhibits disappeared during the inspection. 5. Chairman of the Health Protection Committee of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. 6. The Minister's approval was premature. 7. You need to make allowances for other foods and lifestyle that a person leads. 8. Many creams claim to fight certain age-related skin changes. 9. You will go to this girl in red, she will be waiting for you. 10. I suggest everyone fold. 11. Good news about AIDS. 12. We could not start extinguishing the fire due to electricity. 13. On 27 May 2005 the kindergarten was open until 3 pm in connection with the cleaning of cockroaches. 14. What a pity that the ability to share has remained only the advantage of the simplest. 15. I bought a doll, it remains to hang the floats.

LOGIC SPEECH

Exercise 1.

Name the errors that violate the law of identity. Suggest your version of the proposals.

1. He had a strong will, which he developed, he also had a girlfriend. 2. Philologists' ears must be developed.3. And now they will either put me in jail or punish me. 4. Time hangs on the wall, look how much. 5. There are only Russians and Irkutsk people on the plane. 6. In this section, you can purchase maternity and childhood products. 7. Didn't they tell you at work that you need to have a fluorography and an ophthalmologist with you for a medical examination? 8. You are not human. You are an applicant. 9. The freshness of Eclipse lasts longer than other chewing gums. 10. Cafe "Castle of Love" on the street. Sverdlova, 22 holds all kinds of celebrations: anniversaries, weddings, memorial services.11. The root system of beans, unlike beans and peas, is poorly developed. 12. Various confectionery products and cakes are on sale. 13. Morphology studies verbs, subject and predicate. 14. The meeting was attended by scientific workers, as well as rectors and vice-rectors. 15. Dirty, soiled and children's shoes are not accepted for repair.

Exercise 2.

What laws of logic are violated in these statements? Suggest your version of the proposals.

1. A language system is a language system that has its own patterns and rules. 2. And we will soon go on a round-the-world trip across Europe. 3. Tatyana shares her sufferings and thoughts only with nature, walking in the garden. The person she confides in is her nanny. 4. The experience was like the book Professor Dowell's Head. 5. I have never seen an elephant, only in the zoo. 6. In our transport, pickpockets snatch bags and pockets, an apartment, if an alarm system is not installed in it (and this, I tell you, is an expensive pleasure), it’s scary to leave it for more than half an hour, in the dachas the same story ... 7. The time of the whole check-in took 10 minutes and one more lap. 8. Global warming worries not only scientists, but also the conscious public. 9. The maximum score is also good, although not high - 4 points. 10. – Dad, where does the wind blow from? Wind because the trees are swaying. Why are the trees swaying? Because the wind is blowing.

Exercise 3

Find and classify logical errors, offer your own version of editing sentences.

1. He is a very handsome guy because he plays the guitar. 2 I have not seen a single actor who starred in the film "Brigade" before, only Dyuzhev and Bezrukov. 3. "Panther" - a poem reminiscent of Parnassians. 4. I have a great mood and good weather, which I wish everyone. 5. This is understandable, because Yudashkin costs more than the outfits of novice fashion designers. 6. You can purchase any literature from us: scientific, fiction, novels, fiction and much more. 7. In Russian, this verb is primarily used to name physical actions, since in its semantics a greater place is given to the meanings of a physical action. In turn, the semantics of physical action is dominated by units of human physical impact. 8. Babaitseva's textbook is very different from other syntactic theories. 9. I have two term papers next year, three of which are in French. 10. Decided to slowly slam the door and leave. 11. Let's make a lock to the entrance to your castle. 12. Extinguishing forest fires, which result in grass burning and careless handling of fire. 13. In your term paper, the practice does not correspond to the theory, but it deserves a good mark. 14. This was written by Academician Ivanov - in Moscow, Professor Petrov - in Kyiv and Academician Isaev - in Belarus. 15. I have 100% vision, only a small cataract.

Exercise 4

Read the text, write down all the staples.

What is beauty

And why do people deify her?

She is a vessel in which there is emptiness,

Or fire flickering in a vessel?

And happiness whispers to us:

I'm not for external beauty,

I'm for spiritual purity ... "

N. Zabolotsky

Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is the most grandiose work of world literature, telling about significant events in the history of the country, about important aspects of people's life, about the views, ideals and customs of various strata of society. It resurrects a whole historical century, reflecting the destinies of people and the destinies of peoples. The heroes of the novel are in the cycle of great events, where the true value of each is determined by the degree of his participation, personal responsibility for everything that happens. Life appears before us in all its fullness and diversity. It resembles a huge stream into which numerous streams flow. “People are like rivers,” said Tolstoy, emphasizing with this comparison the versatility and complexity of the human personality, its continuous movement. The writer was interested in the path of spiritual development of a person, the path leading to a moral ideal, the criterion of which is goodness, selflessness, spiritual clarity and simplicity. And the charming female image of Natasha Rostova corresponds closest to the author's ideal.

Natasha is Tolstoy's favorite heroine. The author reveals her character in continuous external and internal movement. Therefore, for the first time in the novel, she does not just appear, but “runs” into the hall, a spontaneous, full of vitality girl. Natasha, who grew up in the moral and pure atmosphere of the Rostov family, immediately captivates with sincerity, endless love for life, for the people around her. She lives as her heart tells her, because from birth she has what Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov have been looking for in themselves for so long - the naturalness of the soul, which is so characteristic of the unspoiled spiritual world of children. That is why so often Tolstoy compares Natasha with a child. “What was going on in this childish receptive soul, which was so greedily catching and assimilating all the most varied impressions of life?” the writer asks tenderly. Admiring his heroine, he appreciates in her simplicity, kindness and the ability to feel beauty and truth.

Natasha internally and externally is somewhat similar, and this is no coincidence, to Tatyana Larina. It has the same openness to love and happiness, the same biological, unconscious connection with Russian national traditions and principles. For Tolstoy, this spiritual connection between the heroine and the people is very important. Let us recall, for example, Natasha's dance after the hunt. She, delighted and carried away by the singing of her uncle, who “sang like the people sing”, does not notice how she starts dancing. And in those moments she understands everything that "was in Anisya, and in Anisya's father, and in her aunt, and in her mother, and in every Russian person." It is surprising, “where, how, when she sucked in herself from that Russian air that she breathed, this Countess, brought up by a French emigrant, this spirit ... But the spirit and methods were the same, inimitable, Russian, which her uncle expected from her” . And what excitement seizes Natasha during the reading of the Manifesto! In these moments, her soul is overwhelmed with a feeling of great love for the motherland, for her sake she is ready for any sacrifice. An organic connection with the life of the people, the desire to give everything for the good of her people is also expressed in Natasha's attitude towards the wounded soldiers. She throws all her strength into somehow helping them. The author admires his heroine at such moments.

The spiritual beauty of Natasha is also manifested in relation to her native nature. We hear sincere enthusiasm in her voice at night in Otradnoye. “Oh, what a delight! After all, such a lovely night has never, never happened ... So she would squat down, like this, would grab herself under her knees - tighter, as tight as possible - and would fly. Like this!" - the girl exclaims. Harmonious connection with nature gives Natasha a feeling of happiness. But she knows how not only to be happy herself, but also makes others happy, being for them something like a guardian angel. Many episodes of the novel tell how Natasha inspires people, without noticing it herself, makes them better, kinder.

Tolstoy contrasts the lively, energetic, always unexpected Natasha with the cold Helen, a secular woman who lives according to established rules, never commits rash acts. Helen, unlike Natasha, would never allow herself, in front of Marya Dmitrievna, whom everyone is afraid of, to ask across the table what cake would be for dinner tonight. novel tolstoy ideal heroine

Helen is a product of a society in which Natasha appears only once. She is not spoiled by his conventions and prejudices and lives only according to the laws that her heart dictates, while maintaining cheerfulness, naturalness and spontaneity.

With age, Natasha has a desire to be in the center of attention, to arouse universal admiration. Natasha loves herself and believes that everyone should love her too; although selfishness is inherent in the heroine, this selfishness is still sincerely childish, characteristic of an unformed personality. She likes to think about herself in the third person and remarks about herself: “What a charm this Natasha is!” And everyone really admires her, loves her. Natasha determines social behavior with one impression, makes her see things in a new way.

Natasha belongs to those characters who live "with the mind of the heart." It is difficult to judge the mind of the heroine. Pierre says that Natasha "does not deign to be smart." Its purpose is different: it influences the moral life of other heroes, renewing and reviving them to life. Resolving difficult questions with each of her actions, Natasha, as it were, personifies the answer to the question that Andrei Bolkonsky and Pierre Bezukhov have been searching for so long and painfully. The heroine herself does not have a tendency to evaluate and analyze actions and phenomena. In this sense, it has its own direct knowledge of the values of life.

Many episodes of the novel tell how Natasha inspires people, makes them better, kinder, returns their love of life to them. For example, when Nikolai Rostov loses to Dolokhov in cards and returns home irritated, not feeling the joy of life, he hears Natasha's singing and with this soothing voice forgets his failure. At the same moment, Nikolai feels that life itself is beautiful and that everything else is trifles that are not worth attention. At the moment, the hero thinks: “All this: misfortunes, and money, and Dolokhov, and anger, and honor - all is nonsense, but here she is real.”

The heroine of Tolstoy is characterized by compassion. Natasha understands very well and regrets Denisov, who proposed to her. When Sonya was crying, Natasha, not knowing the reason for her tears, “spreading her big mouth and becoming completely ugly, she roared like a child ... and only because Sonya was crying.” Tolstoy endows his heroine with rare spiritual qualities: sensitivity and intuition.

The author does not consider his heroine smart, prudent, adapted to life. But her simplicity, spirituality of the heart defeat the mind, learning and good manners. Despite her appearance, clearly ugly in childhood and adolescence, Natasha attracts even unfamiliar people. Unlike the “brilliant beauty” Helen, she does not strike with her external beauty, and, nevertheless, she is truly beautiful, because her soul, her inner world is beautiful. How expressive are her eyes, full of living human feelings: suffering, joy, love, hope. They are both “radiant”, and “curious”, and “begging”, and “scared”, and “attentive”. What wealth of the spiritual world is expressed in these eyes! The heroine is always charming, and in moments of happiness she is simply full of energy that fascinates and attracts. With this, Natasha fascinates Andrei Bolkonsky, acquaintance with whom becomes a new starting point in her life. A real, great feeling is born in it - love. The need and ability to love have always lived in Natasha. Her whole essence is love. But love for her father and mother, for Nikolai and Sonya, even her "childish" love for Boris differ from the new and deep feeling that flares up in her, making her even more beautiful.

But Tolstoy not only admires the noble deeds, appearance and inner world of his heroine, but also understands her in those moments of her life when she makes mistakes, takes the wrong steps. After all, this is inevitable at such an age, during the formation of character, the formation of personality. Natasha does not at all out of malice decide to run away with the idle talker, the reveler Anatole Kuragin. She does this out of her inexperience, gullibility. Although even then he does not cease to love and respect Prince Andrei. Then, realizing her mistake, Natasha remains faithful to Bolkonsky until the end of his life.

Having gone through all the trials of life, Tolstoy's heroine does not lose all her best qualities: kindness, tenderness, responsiveness, selflessness. She becomes stronger and more courageous. It has prudence. And, finally, Natasha finds the meaning of life. All of herself, all her soul, to the most hidden corner, she gives to Pierre. Family is mutual and voluntary slavery when you love and are loved. In the family, she finds the long-awaited peace and happiness.

Every person has a choice in life between loyalty and betrayal. For me, treason is a betrayal not only in a high sense, that is, a betrayal of the motherland, but also traditions, interests, friends, loved ones. And the term "fidelity" is contrary to "treason." Why does it happen that a loved one betrays? what is driving him at this moment? Can you forgive the person who betrayed you? Unfortunately, life is arranged in such a way that betrayal and betrayal coexist next to love and fidelity.

In Russian literature, one can find many examples of the manifestation of these qualities. Recall the story of I. A. Bunin "Dark Alleys" The main theme of the work is the loss of years and love. The main character Nadezhda over the years managed to maintain her love for Nikolai Alekseevich, which cannot be said about him. He believes that the connection with Nadezhda is only a fleeting hobby of youth, therefore he easily forgets about the girl, that is, the hero acts meanly, committing treason.

But he just cheated on her, he betrayed her feelings, deceived her expectations. The hero has no chance of being forgiven because he betrayed love. But Nadezhda, on the contrary, remained true to herself, her choice, she was able to maintain her love for thirty years. The author admires his heroine, admires her. Nadezhda Nikolaevna managed to save not only her former beauty, but also to remain true to her feelings.

In the novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita" the main character Margarita also faces a choice between fidelity and betrayal. On the one hand, the girl cheated on her husband, whom she did not love. Marriage without love could doom her to spiritual death. But if you look at it from the other side, then Margarita remained faithful to her lover, giving her soul to the devil for him. Even when there was no hope of finding the Master, she remained faithful to him.

Every person has to make a choice. So what do you do when this dilemma arises? I believe that you need to remain true to your choice to the end, be ready to defend what is dear and valuable to you. And betrayal is a person's refusal of those principles and guidelines that he once chose. This is the infliction of a deep and spiritual wound on the lover. Give and change weak-willed people.

Updated: 2018-01-02

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The personification of femininity
First meeting with the heroine
The first love
Features dear to the author
The transformation of Natasha Rostova

The personification of femininity

Starting to read the famous work, we understand that Natasha Rostova is Tolstoy's favorite heroine in the novel War and Peace. He singles her out among all the heroes, devotes whole chapters to the life of the girl, describes her appearance, feelings, actions with a particularly warm feeling. Natasha Rostova for the writer is the personification of femininity. Her image embodies the author's ideas about the main purpose of a woman, as a mother and wife.

The main character is not perfect. Natasha's character is complex, changeable and contradictory. Tolstoy's favorite, like every person, has its own advantages and disadvantages. But there is something so good and real in it that attracts the reader's attention, makes you empathize, arouses sympathy.

First meeting with the heroine

We begin our acquaintance with Tolstoy's beloved heroine in the novel Natasha from a young age. During this period, the child has not yet fully formed. The writer makes it possible to trace the entire path of development of his heroine. We see her as a fourteen-year-old girl “black-eyed, with a big mouth, ugly, but alive” surrounded by close and dear people.
In the hospitable house of the Rostovs, an atmosphere of sincerity, love and mutual respect reigns. Everything that happens in the soul of a child resonates in the heart of the parents.

The first love

The first ball of Natasha Rostova is an important milestone in her life. Preparing for the holiday, Natasha presents herself as a secular lady. But having crossed the threshold of the hall, drowning in the glow of lights, dissolving in the sounds of a waltz, she forgets about her plans. The young girl does not know how to hide her emotions, this is what stands out from those present and attracts the attention of Prince Andrei Bolkonsky. Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy connects characters dear to him. Between such different Natasha and Andrey there is a deep sincere feeling. Suddenly flashed love makes the heroine more mature and serious. The presence of a loved one is vital to Natasha, so Bolkonsky's strange decision to postpone the wedding becomes a big test for her. The heroine's passion for the depraved Anatole Kuragin can be explained by her naive gullibility and inexperience in relations with a man. The first meeting with meanness inflicted a deep wound on Natasha and ruined love. It is difficult to condemn the girl for this frivolous act. After all, love is the basis of her being. She is constantly on the lookout, constantly in love with someone. As a child, he is fond of Boris Drubetsky, then a singing teacher, a heroic friend of his brother, Vasily Denisov. She needs to constantly feel admiring glances on herself, accept signs of attention. Such is the feminine essence of the romantic Natasha.
Smart and reasonable Andrei Bolkonsky failed to fully understand the amorous and vulnerable nature of his bride. The heroine will find true devoted love much later. Her happy chosen one will be the good Pierre Bezukhov.

Features dear to the author

Natasha Rostova is Tolstoy's favorite heroine, a deep and artistically gifted nature. The writer admires her during the ball, admires her singing. Music plays a big role in a girl's life, helps to survive the most difficult moments, saves from despair. Music in all its manifestations resonates in the soul of the heroine. She superbly performs classical works and comes into sincere delight from simple folk tunes. Diligently learns ballroom dancing and, without hesitation, starts dancing to the guitar of his uncle. Natasha "knew how to understand everything that was in Anisya, and in her aunt, and in her mother, and in every Russian person."

The author endows his heroine with features that are close and dear to him. Natasha loves nature and knows how to notice the beauty and originality of the world around her. The moonlit night in Otradnoye is admirable. “Oh, what a delight! So I would squat down, like this, I would grab myself under my knees ... and I would fly. Like this!" Natasha exclaims.

She is close to the common people. He sincerely rejoices at Christmas time and mummers, rides a sleigh with pleasure, takes part in Christmas fortune-telling. She is loved and obeyed by all, without exception, the servants living in the Rostovs' house.

Childish spontaneity and sincerity distinguish Natasha Rostova from other characters in the novel. She lives according to her heart. Natasha, unashamedly, claps her hands and twitches at the sight of her dancing father, squeals loudly while hunting, expressing her emotions from a successful rut. She does not have a great mind, secular gloss and learned manners. “She doesn’t deign to be smart. No, she is simply charming, and nothing more ... ”, - Pierre Bezukhov characterizes Natasha. And the reader, along with the author, admires this heroine.

The eccentric and frivolous Natasha Rostova is capable of strong feelings and decisive actions. Sick, she spends several days near her suffering mother, selflessly cares for the dying Andrei Bolkonsky, saves the wounded, sacrificing her dowry. She does not think, does not reason, but simply acts as her inner voice suggests, a sense of compassion or love for her loved ones.

The transformation of Natasha Rostova

In the epilogue of the novel, we suddenly discover a completely new Natasha Rostova. The writer deliberately deprives his heroine of external charm. There was not even a shadow of the former coquetry, the desire to seduce and charm men in her. Before us is a plump woman who cares little about her appearance. But she is surrounded by close people: her beloved husband, children, the elderly Countess Rostova. She does not go to balls, does not visit secular salons. Natasha devotes all her time to her family. She is happy and calm. The former "enchantress" can be recognized by the eyes radiating light and love when she sees her beloved Pierre or adored children. “This spiritual strength, this sincerity, this openness of the soul, this soul of her, which seemed to be bound by the body, this soul I loved in her ...”, says Pierre Bezukhov about his wife.

In an essay on the topic "Tolstoy's favorite heroine in the novel" War and Peace "I tried to characterize Natasha Rostova. It is she, according to the writer, who is the ideal of a woman whose happiness lies in her family and children.

Tolstoy's favorite heroine in the novel "War and Peace" Natasha Rostova - an essay on the topic |

The reader has to deal with a huge number of characters while studying the novel "War and Peace". Here it is easy to determine the attitude of the author towards the characters, the creation of images of which he was engaged in. All Tolstoy's characters are characterized by differences between them. At the same time, the author has a different attitude to each of them. Although the classic sympathizes most of all not with the beautiful Helen, and not with the meek Sonya, and even the good-natured Pierre is not his favorite.

heroine is close to Tolstoy. She became the embodiment of many qualities, character traits inherent in Lev Nikolayevich. Although the great writer endowed the girl, probably without even realizing it, with his characteristic traits, and embodied in her image the best, in his opinion, human qualities.

Natasha Rostova appears before the reader when she is still a child - a direct, full of vital energy, a girl who subtly feels beauty and truth. The author initially focuses our attention on the fact that Natasha is not a beauty. On the contrary, her figure and facial features are irregular. Although the author has no desire to describe in detail the appearance of the heroine. He wants to reveal the spiritual world of Natasha. Tolstoy believes that the most important thing is to convey the spiritual connection of his heroine with the people. We are given the opportunity to observe Rostova's organic connection with the people's life, her desire to sacrifice everything for the good of her own people, when Natasha helps the wounded soldiers.

She uses her energy to help. Tolstoy admires the heroine, admires her in moments of closeness with nature. The attitude to nature is considered a vivid manifestation of Natasha's spiritual beauty. However, the author admires not only noble deeds. He tends to understand the girl in the moments of her mistakes. Natasha decides to escape with Anatole Kuragin not out of malice, but because of inexperience and gullibility. After realizing her mistake, the heroine remains devoted to him until the end of Bolkonsky's life.

The author loves and admires the heroine. The image of Tatyana Larina is a bright female image of Russian literature

The personification of femininity

First meeting with the heroine

The first love

Features dear to the author

The transformation of Natasha Rostova

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