The art of burning. wood burning technology

1. Modern instrument
2. Where to begin
3. Burning methods
4. Instruction for beginners

Decorative wood burning is an art that appeared in 700 BC. e. In one form or another, it was found in almost all peoples. Homeland - Peru. It came to Russia at the end of the 20th century. The technique was used to decorate nesting dolls.

The first tool designed for wood burning ran on gasoline. Due to this fuel, the platinum needle glowed. The craftsman, burning a pattern on a wooden surface, was forced to constantly provide fuel by operating a foot pedal.

The burning was replaced by decorative painting. The technique, beloved by many, faded into the shadows, although craftsmen devoted to their craft continued to decorate caskets, chests, jugs, and other wooden objects.

Modern instrument

Needlework circles were widely spread in the USSR. Schoolchildren began to massively attend wood burning lessons for beginners. Many even now you can find a beautifully decorated cutting board in the kitchen. With the advent of a new type of device, burning has become affordable and safe. The scope of the device has gradually expanded. With its help, they began to decorate leather, textiles, bone surfaces, paper.

The simplest electric burner consists of:

• step down transformer;
• handles;
• nozzles of various types: feathers, filaments.

An electric burning device does not always satisfy the structural and functional content. Some prefer to replace the built-in rheostat with a more reliable laboratory transformer, which allows better burning of paintings with different tone intensities.

Where to begin

It is necessary to begin the process with an acquaintance with the intricacies of applied art. You need to learn how to choose the right wood material. It is better to give preference to soft hardwood. Well suited, linden, aspen.

Some types of trees withstand temperatures of 250 ° C, others ignite at 120 ° C. The softer the wood, the better and more comfortable the burning is.

Before work, the board is processed. The surface must be even. After that, using a stencil, pencil or knife with a thin end, the image is transferred. The sketch can also be drawn by hand.

We recommend using carbon paper for intricate designs. So that the surface of the craft remains clean, does not get dirty from carbon paper, the drawing can be transferred to transparent tissue paper. Then fix the picture on a tree or plywood. As a glue base, brewed starch or wheat flour is used. Pyrography is performed directly on tissue paper, the sketch is removed after burning.

Master classes are held for beginner artists, where you can learn the basics of needlework, get advice. The first work should be a drawing, which does not require special skills. A tool purchased from a specialized store is used. On sale you can find a huge selection of interchangeable brackets for burning out of nichrome wire with a diameter of 0.3-1.5 mm. This material tolerates thermal loads well. Tips for a burning soldering iron can also be made independently from wire.

Under the working tool, it is necessary to prepare a stand made of non-combustible material: a ceramic plate, a mug, a glass of thick glass. You need to turn on the device in advance, putting it on a stand: the nozzles heat up quickly.

Burning methods

Burning on the board is started after the soldering element of the pyrograph is heated to the required temperature. Uneven heating of the tip at the time of burning out indicates a malfunction of the tool or the need to change the working nozzle. To avoid overheating of the burner, periodically it must be turned off.

It is impossible to erase or delete the drawn lines - you need to avoid blots, mistakes. For convenience, the wood is fixed at an angle, the working hand with the burner is provided with a stable support.

The volume of artwork is given with the help of shades. They are achieved with lines of different thicknesses, different intensity of burning. The faster the hot tip moves across the board, the thinner the burnt contour is. You can adjust the hue of the drawing by varying the temperature of the pen. The larger it is, the darker the pattern will be. It is necessary to burn out easily, without onslaught, sharp shocks, long stops.

If you need to apply a stroke at an angle, then it is drawn from top to bottom, the wood is not burned to full depth. You can pre-form recesses with a chisel. Decorate the decorative background of the picture with curly nozzles.

Instruction for beginners

• You need to take a comfortable position. Back, neck, arms should not get tired during work. The board is placed on the table in such a way that any part of the drawing can be easily reached.
• It is recommended to start with the outer lines: the mistakes on them will not be so noticeable (besides, they can be polished). Then you should make the transition to the main part of the picture, only after its completion - to the secondary fragments.

Burning is carried out immediately in several sections of the canvas in turn.

• After the end of the burning, you can colorize the image or cover it with varnish.

Things to remember while working:

• Hand movements must be precise.
• The speed of the tool on the tree, the intensity of pressing affect the thickness of the line, the depth of color.
• Nozzles on the soldering iron allow you to get lines of various shapes and thicknesses.
• Nozzles must be periodically cleaned of carbon deposits with a grinding pad.
• The nozzle during operation should only be touched with pliers.

The art of "drawing with fire" or simply wood burning appeared long before the invention of the first gas burners and the advent of electricity. Various tools and techniques were used to decorate wooden products. The most primitive method is a metal pin with a pointed end, which is heated red-hot in hot coals.

Over time, devices for burning improved and became more practical. And even today, fans of this type of creativity can use professional tools for drawing on wood - electric pyrographs with replaceable brass nozzles or a loop of nichrome wire. However, in order to learn how to burn complex patterns, you will need to study the theoretical foundations of pyrography.

How to master advanced wood burning techniques

Pyrography has much in common with graphic images, and experienced craftsmen who conduct master classes on burning out recommend that beginners use some kind of engraving as a basis. Only after you fill your hand, it will be possible to move on to drawing picturesque canvases. Please note that it is extremely difficult to master the technique of wood burning using portraits or photographs, but if you wish, you can. Just try not to select sketches with a lot of areas that will then have to be darkened.

To get a drawing on wood burned with a burner (pyrograph), you must first transfer the original image to the prepared workpiece. This can be done in different ways. The easiest is to scratch the selected sketch with a nail or other sharp object on a wooden surface. But for this you need to use soft woods. You can also use a stencil.

If only solid material is available, then carbon paper is the best option. However, this method has one disadvantage. "Greasy" carbon paper can leave spots and "streaks" on the board that are difficult to remove accurately. In this case, you can use an alternative option - transparent papyrus paper. By the way, many experienced pyrographers who teach craftsmanship lessons in pyrography classes use this method.

In order to qualitatively transfer the image to a wooden blank, you need to carefully draw contours, internal lines and individual strokes through black copy or papyrus paper. When the scope of work is outlined, wood burning can begin. To get a darker shade, increase the heat of the tool. Outline the lines with a slight movement of the hand, without strong pressure and sharp jerks. Avoid long pauses when the feather touches the wood.

There are many ways to draw with a pyrograph. If you are going to burn sketches with jagged edges, drive the wire loop or nozzle at a slight angle to the work surface. It is also possible to burn strokes in a sequential way, when the beginning of each new line is a continuation of the previous one. It takes a little practice to master this technique. If you need to burn with light strokes, simply switch the thermostat to the minimum or reduce the burn time.

When you need to draw a stroke or line at an angle, draw them from top to bottom, without burning through the wooden blank to the full depth. To create relief drawings, first the lines are cut with a chisel, carpenter's cutter or chisel, and only then they are drawn using an electric pyrograph.

What nozzles are better to buy for "drawing"?

Unlike burners, which use standard nichrome wire of various thicknesses (0.3–1.5 mm), additional brass nozzles are provided with a soldering iron pyrograph, which allows you to burn original patterns and professional paintings on wood. By default, the pyrograph has a universal nozzle resembling a “sting” of a soldering iron. It allows you to perform most of the work and is considered the best option for beginner artists.

The stylus pen with a beveled tip is useful when you want to apply a slight “bloom” of shadow to a separate area of ​​​​an image. If you plan to create patterns, openwork ornaments or beautiful inscriptions, use dot nozzles, which can be of different thicknesses. If you need to create deep "slots", then long needles are ideal for this. The knife attachment is used to cut clear lines or, for example, to melt the ends of nylon tape. Wood burning can also be done with different curly stamps. This option is suitable for children who have not yet learned how to draw lines evenly.

How to burn wood in other ways?

Alternative wood burning techniques are also popular today, for which not an electric pyrograph is used, but other tools. The most popular way, which is used instead of classic pyrography, is to burn a pattern on a wooden surface using a gas burner. This method allows you to create a smooth transition and shadow effect on the image. The technique of burning wood is simple, but requires accuracy and perseverance.

The easiest way for beginner burners is to “draw” on wood with a regular magnifying glass. But a prerequisite for "street" creativity is the presence of sunny weather. However, it will not work to draw a beautiful pattern, since it is very difficult to control the trajectory of the burning beam. A child will definitely not cope with such a task.

An alternative to an electric burner (pyrograph) is a hot metal stamp that is heated to a certain temperature. This technique of "drawing" is called pyrotype, which translates as "fire seal". And another popular method is friction burning. The work is performed on a lathe with a carpentry tool for wood. Acid burning is considered an extreme way to decorate a wooden blank. However, this option is only suitable for experienced craftsmen.

Maria Morozova

Woodburning, or pyrography- very beautiful and ancient look arts and crafts. This is a very interesting creation! It brings joy to both children and adults. So many people are so addicted to it. art that become professional pyrographs. Work with burner, the study of precise lines develops fine motor skills of the hand and perseverance, which is especially important for the development of the child. Modern burning devices are very convenient and absolutely safe if the rules of operation are observed.

Woodburning- this is a whole philosophy! Master- pyrograph with the help of fire and tree expresses the state of his soul, his thoughts and feelings and embodies them in the material world in the form of works of his art. In addition, the painstaking process of working with tree can be compared to meditation. This is an artistic craft that dates back to the time of ancient Egypt. Except the ancient Egyptians, pyrography also popular with African tribal communities.

By using wood burning you can create not only a wonderful picture, but also decorate any wooden object - box, a photo frame, a cutting board and even pieces of furniture - a stool, a shelf, a table.

Target: Teach preschoolers technology and techniques wood burning.

introduce with the device and principle of operation burning apparatus, with safety rules for working with burner.

To expand in children the stock of knowledge and skills in the artistic processing of products from tree develop creative abilities.

Tasks:

Educational: Introduce children to the device. To form theoretical knowledge and practical skills about the process burning out, various methods burning out, techniques and precautions when working with burner.

Educational: Development of creative thinking, education of aesthetic perception of the surrounding world. To cultivate the ability to bring the work begun to the end, perseverance, accuracy, diligence.

Corrective: Development of fine motor skills of hands.

Expected results:

teach children how to use burner. Apply different techniques burning out. Develop your own thinking and ingenuity, the ability to apply your knowledge in practice.

material support lessons:

Electric burner, pencil, eraser and plywood.

Structure lessons.

Organizing time: Getting to know the topic. Organization of the workplace, the necessary arrangement of tools, materials and equipment on the table. Safety engineering.

Introduction to the topic:

Burnout(pyrography) - one of the types decorative surface finishes for wood products. decorated burning products are in demand at all times.

Getting Started wood burning, basic precautions must be taken precautions:

Operate with a proper device;

- burn out it is possible only on dry wood;

Don't lean close to the spot burning out;

Protect hands and clothing from the touch of the pen;

Do not try with your finger whether the nozzle is heated or not;

Do not bring a hot nozzle to your face;

Do not twist or bend the electrical wire;

Do not allow the hot nozzle to come into contact with the wire.

Course progress.

We seat the children at the table, remind them of their posture, the need to follow the rules of behavior in the office. We introduce with the tools and materials needed for lesson.

Teaching children about the history of technology burning out, various types burning out, technicians burning out and materials used in burning out. Techniques wood burning:

A silhouette is the outline of a drawing. The silhouette is created by the contour, which is then filled inside. The contour is a line that outlines the shape of the depicted object.

Borders are a variety of patterns and ornaments. Borders can serve as a picture frame or stand alone. decorative element. A border is a decoration around the edges of an object. Some patterns consist of leaves, flowers, twigs - this is a floral ornament. Others from squares, circles, diamonds. An ornament is a pattern built on the rhythmic alternation of objects. Hatching is an image of an object with the help of thin lines going in different directions, which are not the same in color intensity.

We tell children about the device and the principle of operation burning apparatus. The burner consists of a plug, transformer, voltage regulator, wire handles and nozzles. As soon as we insert the plug into the socket, the electric current flows through the wire to the transformer, and then to the wire nozzle. With the help of the incandescent regulator, you can adjust the degree of heating nozzles: right - more, left - less.

We offer to see various options for samples of finished products.

Let's start drawing the picture. We draw with a simple pencil drawing. Let's start doing it ourselves burning out according to the applied drawing, we use the necessary techniques, techniques burning out. We constantly monitor the correctness of the task.

5 part. We complete the execution lessons.

6 part. Fizkultminutka. We perform exercises to relax the eyes, arms, muscles of the neck and back.

7 part. Outcome. During classes we met with the new technique of artistic design of the product, with the technique wood burning.

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