Being a patriot: what does it mean for Russians? What does it mean to be a patriot of one's country? .

INTRODUCTION

Recently, more and more often in our country there have been tragic incidents related to terrorist acts, the death of huge amount innocent people. Young people organize their groups to kill people of a different nationality or race. Such thugs are called skinheads (“skinheads”, from the English skin - skin, head - head). Considering themselves patriots (quite sincerely at that), skinheads carry out a "cleansing" in our Russian ranks. As such, there are no serious organizations in this movement, but on the other hand, small groups are widespread throughout Russia, including from 4 to 10 people.

The ideology of "skinheads" fills the aimless pastime and emptiness in the minds of unconscious teenagers and appears to be a goal, and a system of values, and even "comrades in the struggle." They already enjoy the fact that they force others not only to reckon with themselves, but to be afraid, feeling their impunity. Practice shows that only a few are prosecuted. Meanwhile, it is young people who are concentrated in these groups, and during the trial, the jury does not see anything terrible in their deeds and most often issues an acquittal verdict. I wanted to understand this difficult situation of the current state of affairs and answer the question of who can be considered a patriot. And do all these people have anything to do with such a concept as “patriotism”, do they really do all this because of their great love for the Motherland.

I believe that this topic is not only interesting for research, but also relevant. Bernard Shaw, the famous English playwright of the 20th century, wrote that "patriotism is the conviction that your country is better than others, because it was you who was born in it."

Motherland! This word expresses the greatest and dearest, deepest and most strong feeling any person. And I think, especially the Russians.

Historically, it so happened that Russia was almost always in danger, and she needed strong and courageous people who could protect her. The history of Russia is the history of a great military feat. Not a single state in the world has endured as many wars in its history as Russia has experienced. Numerous tribes of nomads, the Mongol hordes, the Napoleonic armies, the German Wehrmacht - they were all looking for world domination. All of them got in the way of him Rus, Russia, our great country. And this is something to be proud of. I am also proud that I was born and live in Russia. But does that give anyone the right to humiliate human dignity other people, beat them and even kill them just because they are DIFFERENT? Another faith, race, nationality, origin, skin color, place of birth, finally? I think no. And a true patriot cannot fail to understand this.

Having chosen this topic, I tried to understand and comprehend the topic of patriotism, the meaning of which is enduring for Russia. Whether we like it or not, today's Russia inherits yesterday, it grows out of it. And tomorrow can only appear from today's deeds, and it is impossible to break this unity of times. But it turned out that there are directly opposite points of view on this phenomenon of our life. Some believe that patriotism is an innate feeling, others that it must be instilled, and still others, including the famous television presenter V. Pozner, are convinced that such a concept does not exist at all. He wrote in the newspaper Escuiqe: “Again: do we have a patriotic program in place? I doubt. Love for parents - yes, it exists at the genetic level, love for the country - hardly ”(7.4).

The concept of patriotism

What is "patriotism"? And what kind of person can be called a patriot? The answer to this question is rather complicated. In the explanatory dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov, the following meaning is given: "Patriotism is devotion and love for one's Fatherland, for one's people." We also find a detailed definition in the encyclopedic dictionary: “Patriotism is love for the Fatherland, for one’s native land, for one’s own cultural environment. With these natural foundations of patriotism as a natural feeling, its moral significance as a duty and virtue is combined. A clear consciousness of one's duties in relation to the Fatherland and their faithful fulfillment form the virtue of patriotism ... "

Modern concepts of "patriotism" associate human consciousness with emotions on the manifestations of influences external environment in the place of birth of this individual, his upbringing, childhood and youthful impressions, his formation as a person. At the same time, every person, like hundreds of his compatriots, is connected with nature with thousands of threads. With the nature, which is inherent only to her flora and fauna, with the customs and traditions of these places, with the lifestyle of the local population, with its historical past and ancestral roots.

The very essence of patriotism has been enriched and continues to be enriched with new content with the development of civilization and man himself.

Thus, the breadth of understanding the boundaries of one's homeland, the degree of love for one's countrymen and compatriots, as well as the list of everyday deeds, all this determines the degree of patriotism of each person, is a criterion for the level of his truly patriotic consciousness. The more everyday actions a person performs for the good of this land and its inhabitants (his house, yard, street, district, city, region, region and country), the greater the patriot, this person, the higher and more true his patriotism.

A true patriot stands for those and for what strengthens and develops his homeland and against those and those who and what destroys it, causes it this or that damage. A true patriot respects the inhabitants of any other territory, and will not harm in anything. In his homeland, he, together with other patriotic fellow citizens, fights those who harm it, and these can only be fellow citizens who are not patriots with a low level or defects in consciousness. In this regard, it is very easy to understand how unpatriotic are those who sow enmity towards their compatriots around us, oppress their fellow citizens, swear, litter, poison the environment, poach, and lead an unhealthy lifestyle. A fight or enmity with a neighbor, unjustified attacks by members of one party against members of another, fans of one football team against fans of another, alcoholism, drug addiction, hazing in the army, corruption, embezzlement - all these are elements of the manifestation of various forms of non-patriotism in Russia.

Nationalism. The difference between nationalism and patriotism

Patriotism is a conscious and proven love for the Motherland, while nationalism is an unconscious hatred of its alleged enemies. In Russia, the concept of "nationalism" most often means ethno-nationalism, especially its extreme forms, which emphasize the superiority of one particular nationality over all others. So it is written in the modern explanatory dictionary. There is another point of view. “A real statist approach comes from the unity of the country, the unity of the Motherland, the unity of the nation, which in themselves represent a common value and heritage. At the same time, he certainly takes into account that the nation is formed not only by individuals (“atomic individuals”), but also by peoples. And solidarity at the level of the nation is achieved, including ethnic and interethnic solidarity. Thus, state patriotism and state nationalism ideally incorporate ethnic patriotisms and nationalisms as components, leveling contradictions and preventing slipping into extremism. Recognizing all this, we finally recognize that a true patriot is a nationalist and a true nationalist is a patriot.” This is the point of view of Vitaly Ivanov, director of the Institute of Politics and State Law (2).

Ways of forming patriotism

In modern conditions, there is no task more important than the task of forming patriotism. At the same time, there is no task that is more difficult. After all, love for the Motherland is a feeling in many respects, as the Russian philosopher Ivan Ilyin said, instinctive. “Patriotism lives only in that soul for which there is something sacred on earth, and above all the shrines of its people. It is the national spiritual life that is what and for what one can and should love one's people, fight for it and perish for it. It contains the essence of the Motherland, the essence that is worth loving more than yourself” (3).

Therefore, it is necessary to awaken dormant patriotism in a young man. It is to awaken, but not to impose. It is impossible to love or stop loving the Motherland by order.

It must be borne in mind that people come to understand patriotism in different ways: one through the nature or art of their native country, the other through its history, the third through religious faith and someone through military service. Probably, how many people - so many ways.

Academician D.S. Likhachev wrote: “Patriotism is the noblest feeling. This is not even a feeling - this is the most important side of both the personal and social culture of the spirit ... "(5). In other words, there is a relationship between culture and patriotism: by forming a patriot, we form a cultured person.

We need to constantly turn to the images of great ancestors and through their moral example comprehend the spirit of Russia. Here we are talking about outstanding statesmen, politicians, commanders and naval commanders, devotees, such as Sergius of Radonezh, Admiral Ushakov, Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov and others. For example, it is worth remembering only one appeal of Alexander Suvorov: "... please follow my example, to be faithful to the Fatherland to the point of exhaustion."

Get to know our great history, including the military. This is the most important area of ​​work. It's very easy to confuse people if they don't know the story. And again, listen to authority. N. K. Roerich: "In order to love Russia, one must know it."

Use the largest achievements of domestic cultural, scientific and technical thought. Each nation is proud of its domestic and planetary successes. In any encyclopedia of the world one can find the names of our compatriots: Mendeleev, Glinka and Tchaikovsky, Pushkin and Dostoevsky, Korolev and Ulanova. It was Russian sergeant Yegorov who hoisted the Banner of Victory over the Reichstag, and his countryman Gagarin was the first to open the way to space for mankind. The Russian writer Chekhov wrote plays that have not left the stages of all the theaters of the world for a century. Modern humanity reads Sholokhov and looks at the television screen lit by the Russian inventor Zworykin. And this is not vanity, not ambition, but a natural sense of dignity of the people, nation, country, and it must be developed in every possible way.

Conclusion

Today much of our country's past is being reassessed. The modern era breaks, overturns, makes you take a fresh look, reconsider views and beliefs that until recently seemed indestructible. However, respect for the past of your country, region, city where you live has remained unshakable.

A little research

I managed to conduct a survey among the students of the microdistrict of our school and find out what patriotism means for a modern teenager.

The survey was conducted among 50 students in grades 9-10. Of course, I understand that such a survey cannot be called a sociological study.

But this is the opinion of a certain part of almost already adult people, whose opinion can be heeded.

So, they gave the following answers to the questions posed:

1. What do you understand by the word "patriotism"? The answers were:

1Love for Motherland - 35

2. Love for nature - 5

3.Defence of the Fatherland - 5

4. Loyalty to the Fatherland - 4

5. Honoring the laws - 1

Despite the different answers to this question, in principle they are similar and reflect the young people's understanding of their attitude to the Motherland.

2. Do you consider yourself patriots?

“Yes” – 33 people answered

Not every teenager considers himself a patriot, but maybe they understand that they have not done anything for society, for their country, to consider themselves as such.

3. Your attitude to work

Work is just a habit - 7

Labor is a heavy duty - 13

Labor should be avoided - 3

Labor is the basis of life - 26

Work is pleasure - 1

Most understand the necessity and importance of work for the development of society. But almost a third of students do not really want to burden themselves with obligations, considering work a heavy duty. Perhaps they think that all the well-being of the world can come as a result of idleness.

4. What is your attitude towards people of a different faith, nation, race?

Friendly - 18 people

Indifferent - 13

Tolerable -15

Negative - no

I have nothing to do with them - 4

It's nice that there is a lot of negativity towards people different origin no one experiences, but there is a tendency of some rejection.

Here is a picture of the results.

Bibliography:

D.A. Algazin Education of young patriots. M., 1979

V. Ivanov On patriotism, nationalism and national extremism "Vzglyad" - Delovaya Gazeta - April 18, 2006

I. Ilyin "Our tasks". Articles about patriotism. E-library

EL Kuzmin World State: Illusion or Reality? M., 1969

5 D.S. Likhachev Letters about the good and beautiful M., 1989

6 I. Soloviev About patriotism - electronic library

Introduction

"Where are the people?" asked the Little Prince politely.

“People?... They are carried by the wind. They don't have roots."

How relevant, piercingly sad, to the pain of the soul these words sound today, when in our Fatherland once again the connection of times breaks up, when the people produce "Ivans who do not remember kinship" - people who have lost their spiritual connection with their small Motherland, native land, his culture.

Today, due to the transformations that have taken place in our country, the connection between times has been broken and the scale of life values ​​has changed dramatically. What yesterday was highly valued and considered a blessing, for example, selfless service to the Fatherland, devotion to one's people, one's profession, today in the eyes of many has no value.

As you can see, the river of time has taken us far away from the shores of former patriotism. Does this mean that such a bright and noble quality of our glorious ancestors has finally disappeared from the life of the new Russia, or is it just a forced pause in the development of our country?

In modern Russia, the topic of patriotism, its role and necessity is one of the most controversial topics widely discussed in society. Many believe that the time of patriotism has irrevocably sunk into the past along with communist ideals. Others do not agree with this and do not imagine the revival and prosperity of Russia without the proper patriotic upsurge of the country's citizens. Today, we are increasingly talking about the revival of Great Russia, but without a holy sense of patriotism, this is impossible.

The current state of Russian society requires a search for internal sources of development, ways to realize its spiritual forces. As President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin emphasized, it is possible to effectively counter the serious threats looming over modern Russia only "... through the consolidation of all strata of society, at least around basic national values."

Today comes the realization of the importance of the formation of patriotic consciousness among the younger generation at the state and regional levels. This is evidenced by the state program: "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2011 - 2015."

There is a significant amount of literature on patriotism and the problems of its formation in our society. These are the works of the classics of Russian philosophical thought, and studies concerning the political and historical form of patriotism, and works characterizing the conditions for the development of the patriotic movement in modern Russia, reference literature on modern political parties, theoretical works of leaders of parties and socio-political movements.

In recent decades, interest in the problem of patriotism has increased significantly. The question of the place of patriotism in modern society turned out to be at the epicenter of the struggle of the most diverse, often opposing views, opinions, beliefs, and discussions.

Thus, in recent times The problem of patriotism in our country is becoming more and more urgent. The spiritual values ​​of the population, including adolescents, are deformed under the pressure of various socio-economic changes, which leads to an increase in the number of extremist youth organizations, child neglect and crime.

Due to this issue, we have sociological research: Be a patriot. What does this mean?”, in which 128 students of our gymnasium aged 13-17 took part.

Purpose of the study:

revealing the level of formation of patriotic consciousness among students on the example of gymnasium students.

Tasks:

1. Analyze theoretical approaches to the consideration of the concept of "patriotism" in different historical periods.

2. To identify the attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism through a survey.

3. Determine the level of development of the patriotic consciousness of student youth.

Object of study:

high school students of MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12".

Subject of study:

the state of patriotic consciousness of student youth in modern conditions.

Research method:

Analysis of sources (literary, scientific articles, media, Internet)

Questionnaire.

1. The concept of "patriotism" in various periods of national history

1.1 The essence of the concept of "patriotism"

The term "patriotism" is derived from the Latin "patria" - fatherland, which characterizes national unity, identification with the country's past and present, readiness to take responsibility for its fate and, if necessary, defend the Motherland with arms in hand.

V. I. Dal recorded his contemporary understanding of patriot and patriotism in his dictionary in 1882: “A patriot is a lover of the Fatherland, a zealot for its good, a lover of the fatherland, a patriot or a father-in-law. Patriotism is love for the Fatherland.

In the dictionary of the Russian language S. I. Ozhegov, the following interpretation is given: "Patriotism is devotion and love for one's fatherland, for one's people."

The concept of "patriotism" has a deep tradition of understanding and use in the literature. The question of who is a patriot, who is worthy of the title "son of the Fatherland" has worried thinkers throughout the history of the development of social thought. So, Radishchev raised this problem as early as the end of the 18th century. In the works of both the Westerners and the Slavophiles, the interests of the Motherland are put at the forefront. "Westerners" V. G. Belinsky, P. Ya. Chaadaev, A. I. Herzen came to the conclusion that Russia should not be opposed to the West, and the West - to Russia. AS Pushkin and P. Ya. Chaadaev were the first to express the essence of this idea: Russia is neither better nor worse than the West, it is different.

1.2 The concept of patriotism in Tsarist Russia

In Russian national identity, the concept of patriotism was often associated with traditions Orthodox culture and consisted in the readiness to give up oneself, to sacrifice everything for the sake of the country. Many public and statesmen, such as N.M. Karamzin, S.N. Glinka, A.I. Turgenev, urged through their work "to lay down their lives for the Fatherland."

Already in the time of Peter I, patriotism is considered above all virtues and practically becomes Russian state ideology, the words "God, Tsar and Fatherland" reflect the main values ​​of the time. The Russian soldier served not for the sake of his honor or the emperor, but in the interests of the Fatherland. “Now the hour has come that will decide the fate of the Fatherland,” Peter I addressed the soldiers before the Battle of Poltava. “And so you should not think that you are fighting for Peter, but for the state handed over to Peter, for your family, for the Fatherland ...”.

But citizens associated the concept of patriotism not only with military service. Russian Empire. Civic patriotism was very widespread, and at the same time had the features of "conscious patriotism." “Conscious patriotism” was well described by the great Russian patriot, philosopher Vasily Rozanov: “Happy and great homeland- love is not a great thing. We must love her precisely when she is weak, small, humiliated, finally, stupid, finally, even vicious. Precisely, it is precisely when our mother is “drunk”, lying and all entangled in sin, that we should not leave her.”

1.3. The concept of patriotism in Soviet Russia

Due to the formation and development of new class, political, ideological and other features, in Soviet time Fatherland began to be defined primarily as socialist, while reflecting the emergence of the Soviet state public system. In the article "About national pride Lenin defines proletarian patriotism: “Is it alien to us, class-conscious Great Russian proletarians, a sense of national pride? Of course not! We love our language, our motherland, we work most of all to raise its working masses (that is, 9/10 of its population) to the conscious life of democrats and socialists ... ".

During the Great Patriotic War When the question of the fate of our Fatherland was being decided, the people and the army displayed patriotism of unprecedented strength, which was the basis of spiritual and moral superiority over Nazi Germany. Remembering the difficult days of the battle for Moscow, G.K. Zhukov noted that “it was not dirt or frost that stopped the Nazi troops after their breakthrough to Vyazma and reaching the approaches to the capital. Not the weather, but the people, the Soviet people! These were special, unforgettable days, when the common desire of the entire Soviet people to defend the Motherland, and greatest patriotism raised people to the feat.

1.4 The concept of patriotism in Orthodoxy

Here is what Patriarch Alexy II said about patriotism: “Patriotism is undoubtedly relevant. This is the feeling that makes the people and every person responsible for the life of the country. Without patriotism there is no such responsibility. If I do not think about my people, then I have no home, no roots. Because the house is not only comfort, it is also the responsibility for the order in it, it is the responsibility for the children who live in this house. A person without patriotism, in fact, does not have his own country. And a “man of the world” is the same as a homeless person.”

The Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1990 stated that over the course of a thousand-year history, Russian Orthodox Church educated believers in the spirit of patriotism and peacefulness. According to the definition of the Local Council in 1990, patriotism "manifests itself in caring attitude to the historical heritage of the Fatherland, in active citizenship, including participation in the joys and trials of one's people, in zealous and conscientious work, in caring for morale society, in caring for the conservation of nature.

1.5 The concept of patriotism in modern Russia

In the last decade in Russia, patriotism has become one of the most controversial topics, widely discussed in various fields. Russian state. The range of opinions is quite wide: from discrediting patriotism as an analogue of fascism and racism to the calls of the first persons of the state to unite the Russian people on the basis of patriotism. In the public consciousness, the attitude towards the concept of "patriotism" is far from unambiguous. Which, in particular, is demonstrated by the statements of various political and public figures.

Gennady Zyuganov: “Turning to our history, especially to the history of the Soviet era, allows us to draw an important conclusion: at each new stage of development, the idea of ​​the unity of patriotism and socialism was refined and filled. Therefore, even today, patriotism and socialism must go hand in hand in the revival of Great Russia.”

Irina Khakamada: “... I am among non-traditional patriots, namely, those people who do not associate patriotism with thoughtless faith in their own state, but who associate their fate with their country, because it is this country that allows a person to realize himself as a free a person whose dignity is respected by the authorities”.

Eduard Limonov: “... those in power, who at one time committed the destruction of the USSR, using democratic ideology, have now adopted patriotic ideology and are exploiting it. Although, in my opinion, they absolutely do not care what to exploit, whom and how.

For their part, representatives of the party United Russia» call not to blur the concept of patriotism and engage in populism, but to pursue a balanced state policy in matters of patriotic education. Former party leader Boris Gryzlov connects the concept of patriotism with the history and greatness of Russia: "The wealth of Russia is not only its subsoil, not only and not so much oil and gas, but the huge creative potential of the Russian people, our unity, our love for the Motherland."

In general, today we can state the presence of a significant number of divergent opinions on issues of patriotism, the lack of a common understanding of patriotic education in society.

2. Formation of patriotic consciousness among modern youth

2.1 The level of development of patriotic consciousness among modern youth

How are things going with the sense of patriotism among today's youth? During the survey of students in grades 8-11 of our school, we found out what patriotism means for modern teenager. A total of 128 people were surveyed.

The first question of the questionnaire: “How do you understand the word “patriotism”? The answers were as follows: love for the Motherland - 71%; love for nature - 12%; defense of the Fatherland - 12%; loyalty to the Fatherland -4%; veneration of laws - 1%. Despite the different answers to this question, in principle they are similar and reflect the understanding of the youth of their attitude to the Motherland.

To the question of the questionnaire: “In your opinion, this is a patriot ...” made it possible to find out what meaning the respondents put into this word. The following options were received as answers: “A person who tries to do everything possible for the prosperity of his Motherland, one who loves his Motherland”; "Brave, courageous defender of his homeland"; “Loving his Motherland, proud of it”; "A faithful son of his Fatherland"; "A man who loves his Fatherland"; “He is ready for everything for the sake of his Motherland”; “He who lives for the sake of his country is proud of it”; "A man who loves his country and worries about its future"; "A person devoted to the Motherland." There were also such answers: "A person who has passed the initial military training before the army"; "Service in the army" and others.

According to the results of the survey, 68% of the respondents are aware of themselves as patriots of Russia. Apparently, not every teenager considers himself a patriot, but, by the way, maybe they understand that they have not done anything for society, for their country, to consider themselves as such.

To the question: “Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?” respondents answered as follows: 61% of respondents chose the answer option: "I was born in Russia and I consider it the best place in the world." In 32% of respondents, the family influenced the formation of patriotic consciousness. 23% of respondents believe that teachers instilled patriotism in them, 20% of respondents became patriots under the influence of the media. The least pronounced influence on the formation of a sense of patriotism on the part of friends - 17%, under the influence of books, films and other works of art - 9%, following the example famous people – 7%.

Answering the question of the questionnaire: “Which of the famous people do you consider patriots?” respondents named historical figures. 46% of the respondents called A.V. Suvorov, Peter I patriots; 32% - Marshal G.K. Zhukov; 22% - A.S. Pushkin, M.I. Kutuzov, Yu.A. Gagarin.

To the question: “Who do you consider the hero of our time?” the respondents answered as follows: 83% of respondents cannot name specific heroes, and 37% believe that there are none at all, 36% simply do not know them, 9% think that there are heroes, but do not know who they are.

“Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally?” Analyzing the answers to this question of the questionnaire, it is necessary to note the "leading" position among these holidays of the Victory Day. Victory Day (84%) and Defender of the Fatherland Day (58%) are rated as holidays much more often than Independence Day (33%) and Constitution Day (14%), which indicates that Victory in the Great Patriotic War is the most important event for schoolchildren than recent milestones in the formation of modern Russia as a state. Consequently, patriotism in the minds of high school students is connected to a greater extent with the theme of war, the defense of the Motherland, the exploits of heroes than with the theme of the political development of the state.

“Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?” - 73% of respondents gave a positive answer to this question, “not interested” - 7%, “did not think” about this issue - 20%. As you can see, teenagers are not indifferent to Russian symbols, most of them are interested in its history. After all, state symbols have absorbed the history of the people, their traditions.

It is well known that love for the Motherland begins there, a person was born and raised. Answering the question: “How do you feel about your small Motherland?”, 78% of respondents showed themselves to be real patriots, giving the answer “I love”, 13% - “would choose another”, for 9% - “it doesn’t matter where to live”.

When asked if you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country, the respondents answered as follows: 25% of respondents would prefer to change their place of residence, and 32% of students want to leave the country, with 14% respondents want to leave the country forever. Most of the respondents answered that they would see the world and return - 81%. Consideration of migratory moods among the students of our school shows a rather pessimistic attitude.

The questionnaire also touched upon such an important issue as military service. The Constitution of Russia states: "Protection of the Fatherland is the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation." From the analysis of the answers, it turned out that 52% of respondents believe that everyone should fulfill this duty, 49% - serving in the army is a duty, patriotism, 9% - are sure that military service can be replaced by alternative service, 8% felt that " better to avoid it by any means."

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 32 part 2), citizens have the right to elect and be elected to bodies state power and bodies local government. The question of the questionnaire: “How can one treat those who do not go to the polls, is it necessary to apply any measure of punishment to them?” 64% of respondents believe that participation in elections is the exclusive right of citizens, 8% of respondents make participation in elections mandatory, 28% of respondents believe that nothing will change from their voting for candidates to state authorities or local self-government bodies and therefore, it is not necessary to go to the polls. They do not understand that by their non-participation in elections they are provoking the creation of such a system in the country, which will by no means contribute to their prosperity and well-being.

“What is your attitude towards people of a different faith, nation, race?” Respondents answered this question of the questionnaire as follows: friendly - 35%; indifferent - 24%; tolerable - 30%; negative - no; I have nothing to do with them -11%. It's nice that no one feels much negativity towards people of different origins, but at the same time there is some rejection. We can say that the national climate in our school is quite calm and tolerant.

“Can Russian citizens support a domestic manufacturer as a manifestation of patriotism? What products, domestic or foreign, do you prefer?” 53% of respondents answered that support for domestic producers is not a manifestation of patriotism; 47% of the respondents consider the support of the domestic manufacturer to be a manifestation of patriotism. 90% of respondents prefer Russian products, which indicates support for a domestic manufacturer.

To the question of the questionnaire: "Does Russia have a future?" 69% of respondents answered: “Russia will overcome all difficulties and will prosper; 17% answered: “Most likely, it will exist the same way as it is today”; 12% answered: “So far, Russia is on the way to disintegration”; 2% found it difficult to answer. The answers show that young people stand up for the revival of Russia as a strong power.

“What, in your opinion, still needs to be done by the state to instill patriotic values ​​among children and youth?” To this question of the questionnaire, most of all there were such answers: “Improvement of the living conditions of the population”; "Raising the prestige of the country"; "Creating and showing more patriotic films, distributing fiction on patriotic themes"; "Improving the authority of the army in society"; "Personal example, examples of war heroes"; "Cultivating a sense of patriotism with kindergarten". The answers to this question show that young people in their aspirations, values ​​and life plans very close to the older generation, and in this sense we can talk about the revival of continuity.

2.2 The attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism

As part of the study, the levels of development of patriotism of students in grades 8-11 of the MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12" were analyzed. The majority of respondents consider (realize) themselves as patriots, are proud of the history of their country and are concerned about the future of Russia. Among the young students who consider themselves patriots of Russia, the most developed is a sensual, emotional attitude towards their country, people, compatriots, culture (“I love my country no matter what”, “I have a sense of pride that I live in Russia…” , “I am always very sick and worried about the representatives of Russia in sports competitions”) – 76%. The development of the emotional-sensory perception of one's Motherland is associated with the immediate environment of the individual (family, friends, relatives) and is expressed primarily in love for the small Motherland (native nature, locality). This component defines "rudimentary" patriotism, which is capable of development, but purposeful patriotic education is necessary for the formation of value-motivational and volitional elements.

15.4% of respondents are aware of the values ​​of their homeland, people, nature, native land along with other basic values: health, personal success, family, etc. (“I am a patriot; if necessary, I am ready to act in the interests of the Motherland”, “for me, my native land is very important, and I will not spoil the place where I live”).

Only 8.4% of respondents strive to support the Motherland with their activities: live and work in the country, serve in the army, support domestic producers, and also contribute to the development of the country (“I work for my country”, “I am ready to defend my country, etc.” ). This is due, first of all, to the students’ ignorance of what exactly needs to be done for the benefit of their Motherland. Arina, 16 years old: “We love our Motherland, because we were born in it, and maybe there are countries where life is better but we don't know about it."

The results of our study allow us to say that the patriotic consciousness of young students is in a kind of "chaotic" state: "I love the Motherland, I want good things for her, but I don't know what this good consists of, and what needs to be done for this." According to the results of the study, 86.8% of respondents define patriotism for themselves as "a feeling of love for their homeland and a willingness to act in the interests of its well-being and prosperity." At the same time, 68.0% of the students of our school consider themselves patriots of Russia. When analyzing the ways of becoming a patriotic consciousness of an individual, it can be noted that “unconscious” formation prevails among young students: 61% of respondents chose the answer option: “I was born in Russia and I consider it the best place in the world.” In 32% of respondents, the family influenced the formation of patriotic consciousness.

Consideration of Russia as one of the leading countries in the world is inherent in 32% of respondents; 40% see that Russia plays a certain role, but not a decisive one; 14% of respondents believe that Russia has practically no influence on the solution of major world problems. Respondents' rather low assessment of Russia's position in the world is due to the fact that 47% believe that Russia is going through times of crisis. Consideration of the reasons for the crisis state of Russia indicates a fairly positive assessment national culture Russians and patriotism, and the causes of adverse events are associated with the negative impact of economic and political factors.

In the analysis of life values, the first places are occupied by the values ​​of personal security and the well-being of the family. This is obviously connected with the individualization of the minds of young people. Love for the Motherland is also one of the basic values. But this love is expressed in love and readiness to act in the interests of a microgroup (family, group of peers), but it practically does not extend to the country as a whole and is not associated with state interests.

Consideration of migratory moods among young people shows a rather pessimistic attitude. According to the results of our study, it turns out that 25% of respondents would prefer to change their locality, 32% of students want to leave the country. Currently, patriotic consciousness develops spontaneously through the family and social environment of the individual, there is no stability in the development of the system for the formation of personal patriotism.

Thus, the analysis of the sociological survey data made it possible to characterize patriotic consciousness, determine the level of development of patriotic consciousness, and consider love for the Motherland in the system of life values ​​of the respondents.

Conclusion

The theoretical analysis of patriotic consciousness and the analysis of data obtained in the course of a sociological study of student youth allow us to formulate the following theoretical and practical conclusions.

In the pre-revolutionary period, patriotism was considered as a spiritual category, a component of the individual's consciousness, which was subdivided depending on the forms of its expression in patriotic behavior.

Patriotism in the Soviet state was one of the key components of the ideology that ensured its existence and development. During this period, the greatest attention is paid to the consideration of patriotism as love for the Motherland and the willingness to sacrifice one's goods and, if necessary, one's life for its sake.

In the post-Soviet period, patriotic education, along with the ideological system, was practically destroyed, which became one of the good reasons for the disruption of the connection between times and abrupt change value scales. Therefore, today, as the President of the Russian Federation repeatedly emphasized in his speeches, the formation of healthy constructive patriotism among the broad masses is one of the priorities for the further strengthening and development of our country. For patriotism is the most important factor in mobilizing and uniting the people.

To accomplish this task, it is necessary, first of all, to conduct special studies designed to give enough complete description state of patriotic consciousness of modern youth. Our work is an attempt to conduct such a study among the students of our school in order to clarify the formation of its patriotic consciousness.

Conclusions based on the results of the sociological study:

• Most of the students surveyed consider themselves patriots.
• Almost all patriots at times experience both pride and shame for their country.
• However, feelings are very different from the deed. For some reason, some patriots do not feel any duty to the Motherland. This part makes up slightly less than half of the respondents, some are not yet sure that they are "debtors".
• Even fewer respondents associate patriotic duty with military service.
• The issue of military service turned out to be very complex and controversial. Most students believe that military service is not mandatory. The third part of the respondents cannot decide on this issue.
• The majority of respondents would not like to leave Russia. A third of respondents dream of living in another country.
• Few people have role models in modern Russia. Respondents named only historical figures as patriots.
• The least developed among the respondents is the volitional element - the desire to support the Motherland with their activities: to live and work in the country, serve in the army, support domestic producers, contribute to the development of the country.

These results confirm the need to maintain and develop the patriotic direction in the education of young people.

The practical significance of our study: this work can be used in preparation for classroom hours, thematic sessions, to creative events in order to form a high patriotic consciousness among students. Recent events in Ukraine confirm the relevance of patriotism. Here we see a vivid example of "stolen history". If a person does not know the past of his country, he is not worthy of the future and cannot be a true patriot

List of used literature

3. Antoine de Saint-Exupery. The little Prince. M.: Children's literature, 1986.44 p.

4. State concept of patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation. // A red star. July 05, 2003. 5 p.

5. Gryzlov Boris. Official site.

6. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 volumes. M .: Ed. Center "Terra", 1994. 779 p.

7. Zhukov G.K. Memories and reflections in 2 volumes. M.: APN, 1971.430 p.

8. Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate, No. 9 -1990. 28 p.

9. Zyuganov G.A. Russia is my motherland. Ideology state patriotism. Moscow: Informpress, 1996. 26 p.

10. Lenin V.I. On the national pride of the Great Russians. Moscow: Education, 1976. 35 p.

11. Limonov Eduard. Twitter site.

12 . Handbook on the patriotic education of schoolchildren: a methodological guide. M.: Globus, 2007. 330 p.

13 .Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M.: 2000. 398 p.

14 . Putin V.V. Russia at the turn of the millennium. My Fatherland, 2000. No. 1. 23 p.

15 . Rozanov V.V. secluded. M.: Sovremennik, 1991. 108 p.

16 . Sakharov A., Buganov V. History of Russia. Moscow: Education, 1997. 286 p.

17 . Frank S.L. Works. M.: Pravda, 1989. 386 p.

Attachment 1

Questionnaire

1. How do you understand the word "patriot"?
2. Do you think a patriot is...
3. Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?
4. Which famous people do you consider patriots?
5. Who do you consider the heroes of our time?
6. Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally:

Victory Day;

Defender of the Fatherland Day;

Independence Day;

Constitution day.

1. Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?
2. How do you feel about the Little Motherland?
3. If you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country, what would you do?
4. Do you want to serve in the army?
5. How can you treat those people who do not go to the polls?
6. What is your attitude towards people of other faiths?
7. Can the support of a domestic manufacturer be considered a manifestation of patriotism?
8. Does Russia have a future?
9. What, in your opinion, still needs to be done by the state to instill patriotic values ​​among children and youth?

Application2

Annex 3

Appendix 4

Appendix 5

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Slides captions:

What does it mean to be a patriot

"Where are the people?" asked the Little Prince politely. “People?... They are carried by the wind. They don't have roots."

As President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin emphasized, it is possible to effectively counter the serious threats hanging over modern Russia only "... through the consolidation of all strata of society, at least around basic national values"

The concept of patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation says the following: “Patriotism is moral basis the viability of the state and acts as an important internal mobilizing resource for the development of society, an active civic position of the individual, his readiness for selfless service to his Fatherland.

Recently, the problem of patriotism in our country has become increasingly relevant. The spiritual values ​​of the population, including adolescents, are deformed under the pressure of various socio-economic changes, which leads to an increase in the number of extremist youth organizations, child crime and neglect.

The purpose of the study: to identify the level of formation of patriotic consciousness among young people on the example of gymnasium students Object of study: high school students of the MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12". Subject of study: the state of patriotic consciousness of young students in modern conditions.

Research objectives: To analyze theoretical approaches to the consideration of the concept of "patriotism" in different historical periods. To reveal the attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism through a survey. To determine the level of development of the patriotic consciousness of the student youth and.

Research methods: Analysis of sources (literary, scientific articles, mass media, Internet). Questionnaire.

"Patriotism is devotion and love to one's Fatherland, to one's people"

Patriotism in Tsarist Russia

Patriotism in Orthodoxy

Patriotism in Soviet Russia

Patriotism in modern Russia

The level of development of patriotic consciousness among today's youth How do you understand the word "patriotism"?

Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?

Which famous people do you consider patriots?

Who do you consider the hero of our time?

Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally?

Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?

How do you feel about your small homeland?

If you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country

How do you feel about military service?

Conclusions based on the results of the sociological survey Most of the respondents consider themselves patriots Part of the patriots do not feel any duty to the Motherland Most of the students do not consider military service mandatory One third of the respondents want to live in another country The respondents called only historical figures Patriots

Conclusion These results allow us to talk about the need to maintain and develop a patriotic direction in the education of young people.

The practical significance of the study This work can be used in preparation for class hours, thematic classes, and creative events in order to form a high patriotic consciousness among students.

Recent events in Ukraine confirm the relevance of patriotism. Here we see a vivid example of "stolen history". If a person does not know the past of his country, he is not worthy of the future and cannot be a true patriot

Thank you for your attention!

Lesson objectives:

1. Formation younger generation feelings of patriotism, respect for home country, her history;
2. The ability to navigate in a social environment, to have their own judgments and views, to have social responsibility for their thoughts and actions;

Tasks:

Educational:

• increasing the intellectual level; manifestation of independent creative activity;

Developing:

• develop skills in working with various literature;
• ability to use personal experience accept the opinions of others;
• continue developing information technology skills.

Educational:

• to cultivate a culture of communication, to develop communicative qualities (the ability to communicate in the process of pair and group interaction);

Equipment:

• a computer,
• projector,
• screen.

Preparatory part of the event.

Conducting a questionnaire, data processing. Appendix No. 1

The class is divided into groups and receives a task (Appendix No. 2 (presentation), video, hall decoration, invitation of guests).

Holding an event

I'm a patriot. I am Russian air
I love the Russian land.
I believe that nowhere in the world
I won't find another one like it.
N. Kogan

It is with these words of Nikolai Kogan that I would like to start our conversation: “What does it mean to be a patriot today?”

Student: look at dictionary Dahl: “A patriot is one who loves his fatherland, is devoted to his people, is ready for sacrifices and deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland.

Teacher: Let's try to understand our thoughts, feelings, attitudes towards this concept. Therefore, today I invite you to the free microphone.

Sample student responses

Student 1.“A patriot is a person who loves his homeland, is ready to defend it, but not necessarily with weapons in his hands. Knowing and accepting the history of your country, no matter how they talk about it, is important, and especially today.”

Student 2. “A patriot in my understanding is a person who works and is socially active, builds his future, linking it only with his Fatherland. He will do much more than a person who is ready to defend the prestige of the country in words. This is much more difficult than just talking about love for the Motherland. This is true patriotism."

Student 3.“Being a patriot in our time is very difficult, there is a lot of temptation around - the pursuit of money, leading to an escape from Russia. To be a patriot means to be the master of your country, not a guest. In case of danger, be able to protect her, handle her gifts with care”

Student 4.“Unfortunately, sometimes patriotism is interpreted incorrectly. On the screen, we see groups of "skins" who, with a firm conviction that they are right, beat innocent people of a different nationality to death. “Russia for Russians!”, “Let’s cleanse Russia of blacks!” - they shout ... It is wonderful, of course, that people have a desire to ensure that a larger percentage of the country's inhabitants are Russians ... But this does not mean that others should be exterminated! There is a sea of ​​ways... Violence is the worst of them... You know, a lie always cuts the ear... Therefore, it is disgusting and furious to me that they cover themselves with the word "patriot".

Student 5.“Probably few of us asked ourselves this question. And why? Apparently, we are so busy with everyday worries and problems that we are not up to it. What is the most important thing for our parents now? Give us children a good education. And the children go crazy for American films and proudly declare: "We are not patriots." And not all parents will be scared when they hear this phrase. Or maybe there is nothing to be afraid of? It is still unknown what the teenager wanted to say. "I don't like my country" or "I want to live in a rich and prosperous country." And yet it is safe to say that the Russian people are patriots. Not for show, no"

Student 6.“The first thing that comes to mind when people talk about patriotism is America. Those who loudly declare to the whole world that they are patriots are the Americans. Patriotism has become calling card USA. Americans make films on patriotic themes, they write about it in the press”

Student 7.“I do not agree with such conclusions,” in my opinion, this is abnormal or pathological patriotism. The bombing of Iraq because of the weapons of mass destruction allegedly located there and Yugoslavia because of nothing at all - they didn’t like the president - these are all the consequences of their "patriotism". Their "patriotism" has nothing to do with real Patriotism, so I think we have nothing to learn from the Americans.

Student 6.“We must look for flaws not in others - in ourselves. We must not criticize and hate someone else's, but make our own better"

Pupil 8“A true patriot, in my opinion, should at least know the history of his country. How can you love your Motherland without knowing anything about it?! Is it possible to consider people who allegedly fight for the purity of the Slavic race, they don’t know the history of this very race, it’s written on their faces: aggression and the desire to fight no matter who. Here is a statement that can be read on the fence "Beat the Jews" - this is some regular "patriot" calling us. And, probably, it did not occur to him that knowledge of his native language is included in the list of requirements for a true patriot. And a true patriot will not yell at every corner about his passionate love for the motherland, he will simply silently do his job, thereby really helping the country.

Student 10.“And I think that knowledge of state symbols is also a manifestation of patriotism. We did a little sociological research at school.

Presentation. Slide #3. Based on the opinions of students in our school, the results were as follows:

1. 98% of respondents know what is depicted on the state emblem;
2. 100% know colors state flag and their location;
3. 95% could name the first verse of the national anthem;
4. Feelings experienced when they see or hear state symbols - pride, admiration, sympathy
5. The majority of respondents have a positive attitude towards the campaigns for the distribution of ribbons (three-colored) with national symbols.

Teacher: The conversation can go on for a long time ... There will always be pros and cons, there will be other interpretations of the problem. In the classical sense, the word "patriotism" has never changed its meaning.

Presentation. Slide number 4.

Student: Let us recall the words of A.S. Pushkin:

“I swear on my honor that in the world I would not want to change the Fatherland or have a different history than the history of our ancestors.” Let us turn to the history of our ancestors: in the war against Napoleon, patriots died for Russia, millions of patriots died in the Great Patriotic War ... They were all ready for a feat for the sake of native land…

Presentation. Slide number 5.(a bell ringing sounds, and the student speaks words about A. Nevsky against the background of this sound).

Student: Prince A. Nevsky lived only 43 years old, he became a prince at the age of 16, at 20 he defeated the Swedes in the battle on the Neva River, and at 22 he won a famous victory on ice Lake Peipus. And his name was glorified. And then, with his cautious policy, he saved Russia, allowed her to get stronger, recover from ruin. He is the founder of the revival of Russia!

Student: my homeland, my Russia in those people that she can be proud of ...

Presentation. Slide number 6. The music of Tchaikovsky sounds, against the background of it, words about N.I. Vavilov are read

“Let's go to the fire, we will burn, but we will not give up our convictions” - these words belong to the great Russian scientist Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov. His whole life and work were a confirmation of these words. The world famous botanist, geneticist, traveler and researcher, Nikolai Ivanovich in 1929. become an academician of the USSR. He is the first president of the All-Union Agricultural Academy of the USSR. The purpose of his life was science. He never forgot that he was a citizen of his country, even when he was arrested in 1940 and accused of leading an anti-Soviet counter-revolutionary organization. He perceived the Motherland as the only thing that cannot be bought, sold, or changed, although he was offered the best laboratories in the world. In prison, he continues to work hard, writes the book "History of the development of world agriculture", more than a hundred lectures on genetics. While on death row, Vavilov wrote: “Having extensive experience and knowledge in the development of crop production, I would be happy to give myself completely to my Motherland.” He died of starvation in 1943 in the Saratov prison...

Teacher: Examples true patriotism you can continue...

Presentation. Slide number 7.

My village above the sky is clear
Do you remember the terrible battles?
Under the blue, under the obelisk
Your defenders are lying.

72 warriors Soviet army died a heroic death in January 1943, freeing Livenka from the fascist invaders. These are soldiers and officers of the 48th Guards Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov of the Krivoy Rog Rifle Division.

Presentation. Slide #8.

On all fronts of the Great Patriotic War, about 2,500 Liven soldiers fought. 613 did not return.

Student: We can read about the exploits of Russian people in books, ask veterans, or visit a museum.

Presentation. Slide number 9. There is a museum in our village. The main direction of our museum's work is military-patriotic. Most of The expositions are connected with the military exploits of fellow countrymen and the military period in the history of the village.

Presentation. Slide number 10. From the archives of the museum: “We have before us a photograph of Ivan Ivanovich Ponamarev, a former sailor of the Northern Fleet. After being wounded, he was assigned to an infantry division. I didn’t think, I didn’t guess that he would have to be the first, before the advanced units, with the joyful news of the imminent liberation, to enter his native village. And it happened like this. The three of us went to investigate. The commander of the Drobyazko group, who knew very well German, radio business, charter of the fascist army. Checkered German raincoats with deep hoods hid soldier earflaps and gray overcoats from prying eyes. And here is the native village of Livenka. The house where I was born and raised. Only the sailor did not recognize him at once. The night is dark. And from a distance it seems that the house is uninhabited. The windows are lined with bags. Come closer, knock. For a long time no one opened. Finally the bolts rattled and the door opened. We met him with concern. They did not recognize the voice, and a small kaganets made from a cartridge case illuminated only a small circle of the table. German raincoats aroused suspicion and fear.

Father, answer. It's me - your son Ivan!

I didn’t die, dad, I’m alive, here I am.

Shuffling steps were heard, the father, screwing up his eyes, went up to the speaker, ran his hand along his cheek and said:

Right! Ivan, the mole is in place. But suddenly he frowned:

So what are you? Sold to the Germans? he raised his voice.

No, dad, we are our own, Soviet. We have a task.

Well, if so, it means a son! - Father said still warily.

And only in the morning, when, at the signal of the scouts, the advancing troops captured the Palatovka station and liberated Livenka, did the father believe that his son Ivan, a sailor from the North Sea, was alive.

For his military career, Ivan Ivanovich was awarded by the government 9 medals, among them: the medal "For Military Merit" and the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad", as well as the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree.

Now our countryman is not with us, but we cannot forget about his role in the liberation of the village. After all, it was thanks to the skillful actions of the reconnaissance group that the Soviet troops drove the enemy out of the village with the least losses. And we must not forget our countrymen.

The poet B. Kovtun has these lines:

We are not satisfied with bread alone!
And if there is emptiness in the soul -
We will also be forgotten
There will be no cross over us.

Teacher: Memory, memory, memory... it is like bonfires in the snow, which sanctify and sanctify, warming the hearts of the older generation, and beckoning young people who go out on their own roads.

Student: And who keeps this memory, who completes the material, is engaged in educational work? Can these people be considered patriots of their small homeland? Who are they? To understand this, we invited the director of the museum, Alexander Vasilyevich Kononov, to our meeting. (Speech by the director of the museum Kononov A.V.)

Presentation. Slide number 11, 12. photos of history teachers - founders of the museum.

Student: Let's stop at the stand "Warriors - Internationalists". In one of the photographs, my father is Sergey Fedorovich Kirillov. He performed his military duty in Afghanistan. I turned to him with a question: “Dad, what do you think, serving in the Army is patriotism. Indeed, today many young people, having received a diploma of higher education and finding a decent job, do not want to serve in the Army? There are, of course, those who are simply afraid that they might return from there disabled. Do you think they are not patriots? - (video or possible presence of the participant at the class hour)

Student: our group addressed the head of the cadet class, Sergei Dmitrievich Adamov, with the same question. Here are his thoughts:

“In my opinion, military service is not an ideal indicator of patriotism. By patriotism, I mean the activity of a person for the good of the Motherland, regardless of profession or position. How effectively it works depends on the activity of the entire state. Therefore, patriotism is the full-blooded return of human activity for the benefit of its people and state. History knows the confirmation of this. Take, for example, the people's militia during the Great Patriotic War. Some of the people from its composition were not military personnel at all, but this did not prevent them from showing unprecedented courage and heroism. Is this not a manifestation of patriotism?

And those who work in the rear for 20-22 hours a day, giving the front much-needed ammunition, medicines, uniforms. Peasants swollen with hunger, but supplying food to the front.

They did not serve in the army, they were not military personnel, but how can you blame them for the lack of patriotism?

Therefore, if a young man has received a diploma of higher education, works with full dedication for people, he can be considered a patriot for his country. Even if he did not serve in the army, the language will not turn to accuse him of lack of patriotism.

Another thing is the defense of the Motherland. In this case, military service is indeed the main component of the patriotic education of a person. The young man must overcome the fear of the army, and the state must take care of this - not allowing "hazing". And they can make a disabled person on the street or in the alley. So why don't we go out now?"

I think that at a crucial moment for their homeland, every citizen should stand up for his people and state. For his effective protection, the young man must pass military service. Here the state must take a tough stance. And in this case, refusal to serve can indeed be seen as a lack of patriotism.”

Let's make an associative series

"Patriot, who is he?"

1. Everyone who loves the place where he was born and raised
2. The one who loves and does not forget his mother, his home
3. Who proudly realizes that there is no better country on Earth than ours.
4. The nature of Russia is fabulously rich. The one who not only loves, but also protects nature.
5. Ready to defend the Fatherland
6. Defends the prestige of his country
7. Knows state symbols
8. I am ready to give all my strength and abilities to my homeland
9. A patriot is one who decorates the Motherland with his labor
10. Builds his future, linking it only with his fatherland
11. Knows his native language
12. He knows the history of his country, is proud of his ancestors.

Teacher:

Patriots are not born, they are made. And no matter how much anyone talks about patriotism, all these are words. Truth in the soul. As Sergei Yesenin said, “Let us be poor, let us be cold, hungry, but we have a soul, we’ll add from ourselves - the Russian soul.” It was with such thoughts that the anthem of our small homeland"Livensky waltz" by our compatriot Nadezhda Andreevna Bityutskaya (students sing a song).

Patriotism is a special emotional experience of belonging to a country, citizenship, language and traditions, native land and culture. Such a feeling implies pride in one's country and confidence that it will always protect you. These are the main criteria in the definition, although there are other interpretations.

What is "patriotism"?

The word "patriotism" is translated from Greek as "fatherland", this is a feeling, the essence of which is love for one's country and readiness to sacrifice everything for it. Who is a patriot - a person who is proud of the successes and culture of his state, strives to preserve the features of his native language and traditions. This is the most common way to designate the essence of the term "patriotism", but there are also other interpretations:

1. A moral indicator that distinguishes a generous person from a low one.
2. Pride in the accomplishments of your people.
3. A real assessment of the actions of their state.
4. Willingness to sacrifice individual interests for the sake of the common.

Business patriotism - what is it?

In the 21st century, the feeling of patriotism began to reach a new level, calls for the formation of groups of business patriots begin to sound louder and louder. It is not only about giving preference to domestic goods, the Russian Association of Entrepreneurs for the Development of Business Patriotism recently proposed its strategy. The main task of its leaders is the comprehensive support of entrepreneurs, since the share of the same small business abroad is several times larger than the domestic one. We need conditions for growth in several directions:

1. Education. Development of youth entrepreneurship, conducting master classes.
2. Support in the implementation of plans and promoting the growth of commerce.
3. Business club. A place where you can exchange experience, contacts and best practices.

Nationalism and patriotism - the difference

Many people confuse the concepts of "nationalism" and "patriotism", even in dictionaries it is noted that patriotism is love for the motherland and one's people. Experienced linguists point out the following mistake in the substitution of concepts:

1. Love for the motherland is a feeling for the earth, nature, mother tongue and the state. This is what patriotism is - an expanded concept of love for one's home.
2. Love for the people is a broad concept of love for native people, which arises in a person before patriotism. This is already nationalism, the awareness of commitment to the nation, which is instilled from birth.

Why is patriotism necessary?

Why is patriotism important? Experts say it's natural mental condition, which is expressed in the readiness to protect one's own from someone else's, to recognize it under a different mask. It is hard to survive without patriotism, because every person must have the main values ​​for which it is really possible to overcome fear and even go to death. Only thanks to the enormous patriotism, the Soviet people were able to win the Second world war, stop hordes of enemies at the cost of millions of lives.

A patriot is a person for whom the fate of the state always comes first. But such an attitude appears only when a person is sure that his country will protect him in a difficult moment, will help his family. Therefore, it is impossible to force those who survive in poverty to be patriots, people must have something to be proud of, and what specifically to protect: their well-being, rear, achievements.

Types of patriotism

What is patriotism like? In different years, this feeling denoted various phenomena, often replacing the concept of "love for the motherland" with "love for the state." This is how other types of patriotism appeared:

1. State. When the interests of the state are above all.
2. Russian as a phenomenon. For many centuries, for the Slavs, and then for the Soviet people, the main thing was the concept of "motherland", it was compared with a bride, a mother who must be protected.
3. National. Based on history and cultural heritage people, the formation of such love develops a sense of pride, the desire to increase existing values.
4. Local. Manifested in love for his village, city, street, house. characteristic feature Soviet ideology was the education of feelings from the particular to the general, from loyalty to one's land to readiness to give one's life for one's country.

Education of patriotism

The development of patriotism at all times has been the main task of the ideologists of any country. Events were developed with an emphasis on examples of heroism, songs were composed, and events of the past were corrected. The child had to grow up with the idea that his country is the best, because it protects, provides a cheerful childhood, supports in choosing a profession in youth and protects from adversity in adulthood.

Therefore, great importance is given to the study of symbolism, the legal system, and acquaintance with the deeds of prominent people. But in a country where there is no return from the state, and the individual does not see what he gets in return for his willingness to sacrifice personal, the problem of patriotism becomes especially acute. Sometimes there are attempts by those in power to grow it artificially.

Church and patriotism

Since ancient times, patriotism and Orthodoxy have been inextricably linked, an example of this is the blessing of the church on the military battle of the defenders of the fatherland. This tradition dates back thousands of years, even during the Second World War, when all Soviet people were atheists, special prayers were served, and priests raised funds to buy tanks and aircraft. If we turn to official church documents, then the concept of patriotism is stated as follows:

1. Christians should not forget about their earthly homeland.
2. To be a patriot is to love not only your native land, but also your neighbors, your home, to protect them. Since the sacrifice for the fatherland is made not only on the battlefield, but also for the sake of children.
3. Love your land as a place where faith and the Orthodox Church are preserved.
4. To love other nations is the fulfillment of the commandment to love one's neighbor.

Patriotism - books

There are thousands of examples from the life of heroes who showed true patriotism, not only in Soviet literature. Many have written about such Russian poets and prose writers, they were expounded in epics. Most bright works devoted to patriotism:

1. A. Fadeev. "Young guard". A novel about the underground heroes of Krasnodon during the Great Patriotic War, more than one generation of Soviet children grew up on it.
2. "The Tale of Igor's Campaign". ancient legend, which tells about the defenders of their native land during hostile raids.
3. L. Tolstoy. "War and Peace". Important historical episodes of the 19th century - the Patriotic War of 1812, with examples of the heroism of the main characters.
4. B. Field. "A Tale of a Real Man". A novel about the legless pilot Maresyev, who managed to return to aviation in order to fight the Nazis again.

Poltinin D., Shalatov M.:

What does it mean today to be a patriot?

To be a patriot means to be the master of your country, not a guest. In case of danger, be able to protect her, carefully handle her gifts. A patriot in my understanding is a person who works and is socially active, builds his future, linking it only with his Fatherland. He will do much more than a person who is ready to defend the prestige of the country in words. This is much more difficult than just talking about love for the Motherland, let's look at Dahl's explanatory dictionary: "A patriot is one who loves his fatherland, is devoted to his people, is ready for sacrifices and deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland." Modern life differs from previous eras in its frantic rhythm, individualism, and the value of material goods. And at the same time, she leaves room for a feat. To be a patriot or not depends on the person himself. Anyone who does good deeds from the heart can become a hero. After all, great heroism is born from small deeds. To be a patriot, in my opinion, means "do not litter in the forest." Don't name Russian Federation"by this country". Cheer for your team at the World Cup. Maintain in conflict situations actions of our, not foreign politicians. And, of course, to refrain from sophisticated swearing and sour sarcasm against our state. From my point of view, patriotism begins when you realize that for some reason you need this country, and not in the form of ruins and poverty, but in the form of a place of residence (if possible comfortable) of your relatives, relatives, acquaintances, people of the same you nationality, with common historical roots. When you realize that your ancestors lie in this land, who cultivated it and for which they fought, which fed them and which accepted them. And when you realize that you want to lie in the same land, you want this land to feed and raise your descendants. It doesn’t matter how you came to this - through a logical realization that it cannot be otherwise, or exclusively emotionally (when you once again come to your favorite forest for mushrooms and see a clearing in the place of the forest). And when this feeling becomes unconscious, when you are ready to take a machine gun and go to defend your house, knowing perfectly well the futility of this step and realizing that you have no chance of surviving - at this stage you can talk about patriotism.

What is the manifestation of patriotism today?

If we proceed from the generally accepted that patriotism is love for the Motherland, then it is necessary to determine what is invested in the concept of "Motherland". I believe that the Motherland is a place in whose fate a person experiences spiritual involvement. The motherland is the native expanses and the paternal home. But it is also something more than a locality or place of residence. First of all, the Motherland is people. From this it becomes clear that heroism for the good of the Motherland is aimed at the good of people and, first of all, loved ones. For a Russian person, the Motherland has always been holy and revered, and they defended it as a shrine. It is in this understanding of the Motherland, in my opinion, that patriotism originates. At the same time, patriotism is not just love for the motherland. This is the readiness to overcome any trials with the country (to protect it from enemies, to raise it from ruins, to defend the honor and rights of the state on the world stage), respect for one's history and traditions, the desire to serve the interests of the country by one's actions (benefit, take responsibility, work for the good of the Motherland for themselves, loved ones, Russians ...). Patriotism implies not only a sense of pride in the country, but also a willingness to be with it in Hard time. I asked my friends the question: "What is patriotism and your heroes today." The answers basically boiled down to the fact that patriotism is love for the Motherland. About 5% of the respondents could not define the concept of "patriotism" at all. Asked to list famous heroes most often called the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. When asked if there are heroes in the 21st century, many said that there are none. Those who agreed with the statement that there are still heroes cited only one or two names. The great military and labor past of our country knows many heroes: Matrosov, Panikakha, Suvorov, Nakhimov, Stakhanov, Sakharov, Zhukov, Kutuzov, Ushakov and many others. These people once glorified our country on the world stage. Their heroism is immortal. At the same time, we, the generation that grew up in the 21st century, should know that modernity also provides examples of the manifestation of patriotism. Who are the modern patriots and heroes? My list of heroes is long, I will name only a few whose exploits I especially remember. The undisputed heroes of our time are the officers and soldiers of the 6th company of the 2nd battalion of the 104th Guards Airborne Regiment of the 76th (Pskov) Airborne Division, who on February 29 - March 1, 2000 engaged in battle with a much larger detachment of Chechen militants led by Khattab, near Argun in Chechnya, at an altitude of 776 - Lieutenant Colonel M. N. Evtyukhin, Major S. G. Molodov, Captain V. V. Romanov, Senior Lieutenant A. M. Kolgatin, Lieutenant A. V. Vorobyov, lieutenant D.S. Kozhemyakin, privates Alexander Suponinsky, Andrey Porshnev and many others. Leonid Mikhailovich Roshal (born in 1933) - Soviet and Russian pediatrician and surgeon, doctor of medical sciences, professor, public figure, Director of the Moscow Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology, " children's doctor world” (1996), expert of the World Health Organization.

All participants in hostilities in Chechnya, liquidators Chernobyl disaster, flood rescuers and many, many other people who save others without sparing their own lives.

Patriotism is a constant work of the mind and soul, love and respect for elders.

Lekanskaya D.:

There is no single measure for patriotism. For everyone - he is his own. Some say that patriotism means that we should be ruled only by people like us, of our nationality (but is this always the best option?). Others believe that a person who always firmly defends national interests should rule (are you sure that national, and not personal?). Personally, I prefer a different approach. Patriotism is when you not only "cheer" for the country, but when you realize what is happening to the country and act, albeit to the detriment of yourself and the current situation / generation, but in the interests of future generations. Moreover, the “interest of future generations” is both the support of today's youth and concern for the elderly as carriers of folk traditions, as a connection between generations, as a moral face of society, and concern for natural resources, economic, scientific and military potential of their country. Patriotism cannot be measured by the number of speeches for anything or the loudness of the cry, as well as the number of returns "from there". Patriotism can only be measured specific cases– how many factories did you build, how many people did you employ, to what extent did you prevent the export of raw materials (generational wealth) from the country and how much of these resources (as a measure to prevent export) did you turn into high-tech products with high added value through technology and labor of citizens, how much taxes you paid, how many talented fellow citizens you helped, how many orphanages you supported and how many orphans you helped find a family, how many teenagers you gave the opportunity to go to study / work instead of “wandering the streets” and sit down on drugs, how many sat down you saved young people from extinction and returned them there, how many wild animals live in the forest or reserve closest to you, how did you finance national science, art, mass sports, how many streets in your city you helped to make clean, lit, ... And love ... They love the street, not the dirt on it, and if they do, they will make efforts to make it clean and pleasing to the eye.

Mishin A.:

We were all born in the same country, we live and grow here. We all study the history of our country, we are proud of it. But the most wonderful thing is when our souls are filled with a special feeling fixed for centuries and millennia - patriotism. What is the manifestation of patriotism? It manifests itself: in love for one's Fatherland, in pride for one's people, in love for the culture of one's people. In love for his small Motherland, where he was born and spent the first years of his life; in the desire for the prosperity of their Motherland, in activities for the good of the Motherland, in readiness to protect and protect their country, in respect for the veteran defenders of the Motherland, heroic deeds their ancestors. It is impossible to teach patriotism, as they teach mathematics and physics. The feeling of the Motherland is not memorizing a list of rules and regulations. This is the air we breathe. The sun we see. The house where we live. The feeling of the Motherland permeates our whole life. Modern life with its transience makes us think about our attitude to the Motherland - the most sacred thing that a person has. I live in Russia. The history of my fatherland is rich in examples of great victories and glory, adversity and suffering. Clever and courageous people worked for the good and good of my country. Their work brings glory to Russia. This is my homeland. Its expanses are beautiful and immense. I am proud of my country, its past and present.