Richard Wagner is the greatest German composer of the 19th century. Germany - the birthplace of great composers Brilliant German composer of the 19th century

Ludwig van Beethoven

Ludwig van Beethoven- The greatest composer of the early 19th century. Requiem and Moonlight Sonata are immediately recognizable by any person. The immortal works of the composer have always been and will be popular because of the unique style of Beethoven.

- German composer of the 18th century. Without a doubt, the founder of modern music. His works were based on the versatility of harmonies of various instruments. He created the rhythm of music, so his works are easily amenable to modern instrumental processing.

- The most popular and understandable Austrian composer of the late 18th century. All his works are simple and ingenious. They are very melodic and pleasant. A little serenade, a thunderstorm and many other compositions in rock arrangement will have a special place in your collection.

- Austrian composer of the late 18th, early 19th century. A true classical composer. The violin for Haydn was in a special place. In almost all the works of the composer, she is the soloist. Very beautiful and captivating music.

- Italian composer of the first half of the 18th century No. 1. National temperament and a new approach to arrangement literally blew up Europe in the middle of the 18th century. The symphonies "The Seasons" are the hallmark of the composer.

- Polish composer of the 19th century. According to some information, the founder of the combined genre of concert and folk music. His polonaises and mazurkas blend seamlessly with orchestral music. The only drawback in the composer's work was considered too soft style (lack of strong and incendiary motives).

- German composer of the late 19th century. He was spoken of as the great romantic of his time, and his "German Requiem" eclipsed other works of his contemporaries with its popularity. The style in Brahms' music is qualitatively different from the styles of other classics.

- Austrian composer of the early 19th century. One of the greatest composers unrecognized during his lifetime. A very early death at 31 prevented the full development of Schubert's potential. The songs he wrote were the main source of income when the greatest symphonies were gathering dust on the shelves. Only after the death of the composer, the works were highly appreciated by critics.

- Austrian composer of the late 19th century. Ancestor of waltzes and marches. We say Strauss - we mean waltz, we say waltz - we mean Strauss. Johann Jr. grew up in the family of his father, a composer. Strauss senior treated the works of his son with disdain. He believed that his son was engaged in nonsense and therefore humiliated him in every way in the world. But Johann Jr. stubbornly continued to do what he loved, and the revolution and the march written by Strauss in her honor proved the genius of his son in the eyes of European high society.

- One of the greatest composers of the 19th century. Master of Opera Art. "Aida" and "Otello" by Verdi are extremely popular today thanks to the true talent of the Italian composer. The tragic loss of his family at the age of 27 crippled the composer, but he did not give up and delved into creativity, writing several operas at once in a short time. High society highly appreciated Verdi's talent and his operas were staged in the most prestigious theaters in Europe.

- Even at the age of 18, this talented Italian composer wrote several operas that became very popular. The crown of his creation was the revised play "The Barber of Seville". After its presentation to the public, Gioachino was literally carried in his arms. The success was intoxicating. After that, Rossini became a welcome guest in high society and gained a solid reputation.

- German composer of the early 18th century. One of the founders of opera art and instrumental music. In addition to writing operas, Handel also wrote music for the "people", which was very popular in those days. Hundreds of songs and dance melodies of the composer thundered in the streets and squares in those distant times.

- Polish prince and composer - self-taught. Having no musical education, he became a famous composer. His famous polonaise is known all over the world. At the time of the composer, a revolution was taking place in Poland, and the marches written by him became the hymns of the rebels.

- Jewish composer, born in Germany. His wedding march and "A Midsummer Night's Dream" have been popular for hundreds of years. The symphonies and compositions written by him are successfully perceived all over the world.

- German composer of the 19th century. His mystically - anti-Semitic idea of ​​the superiority of the Aryan race over other races was adopted by the Nazis. Wagner's music is very different from the music of his predecessors. It is aimed primarily at connecting man and nature with an admixture of mysticism. His famous operas "Rings of the Nibelungs" and "Tristan and Isolde" confirm the revolutionary spirit of the composer.

- French composer of the mid-19th century. Creator of Carmen. From birth he was a brilliant child and at the age of 10 he already entered the conservatory. During his short life (he died before the age of 37) he wrote dozens of operas and operettas, various orchestral works and ode symphonies.

- Norwegian composer - lyricist. His works are simply saturated with melody. During his life he wrote a large number of songs, romances, suites and sketches. His composition "The Cave of the Mountain King" is very often used in cinema and modern stage.

- An American composer of the early 20th century - the author of "Rhapsody in Blues", which is especially popular to this day. At 26, he was already Broadway's first composer. Gershwin's popularity quickly spread throughout America, thanks to numerous songs and popular shows.

- Russian composer. His opera "Boris Godunov" is the hallmark of many theaters in the world. The composer in his works relied on folklore, considering folk music to be the music of the soul. "Night on Bald Mountain" by Modest Petrovich is one of the ten most popular symphonic sketches in the world.

The most popular and greatest composer of Russia, of course, is. "Swan Lake" and "Sleeping Beauty", "Slavic March" and "The Nutcracker", "Eugene Onegin" and "The Queen of Spades". These and many more masterpieces of musical art were created by our Russian composer. Tchaikovsky is the pride of Russia. All over the world they know "Balalaika", "Matryoshka", "Tchaikovsky"...

- Soviet composer. Stalin's favorite. The opera "The Tale of a Real Man" was strongly recommended to listen to Mikhail Zadornov. But mostly Sergey Sergeyevich has serious and profound works. "War and Peace", "Cinderella", "Romeo and Juliet", a lot of brilliant symphonies and works for orchestra.

- Russian composer who created his own inimitable style in music. He was a deeply religious person and a special place in his work was given to writing religious music. Rachmaninov also wrote a lot of concert music and several symphonies. His last work "Symphonic Dances" is recognized as the greatest work of the composer.

No country in the world has given humanity as many great composers as Germany. Traditional ideas about the Germans as the most rational and pedantic people are collapsing from such a wealth of musical talents (however, poetic ones too). German composers Bach, Handel, Beethoven, Brahms, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Arf, Wagner - this is not a complete list of talented musicians who have created an incredible number of musical masterpieces of various genres and directions.

The German composers Johann Sebastian Bach and Johann Georg Handel, both born in 1685, laid the foundations of classical music and brought Germany to the forefront of the musical world, where the Italians had previously dominated. The ingenious, not fully understood and recognized by contemporaries, laid that powerful foundation on which all the music of classicism later grew.

The great J. Haydn, W. A. ​​Mozart and L. Beethoven are the brightest representatives of the Viennese classical school - a direction in music that developed in the late 18th - early 19th centuries. The very name of the "Viennese classics" implies the participation of Austrian composers, such as Haydn and Mozart. A little later, Ludwig van Beethoven, a German composer, joined them (the history of these neighboring states is inextricably linked with each other).

The great German, who died in poverty and loneliness, gained centuries-old glory for himself and his country. German romantic composers (Schumann, Schubert, Brahms and others), as well as modern German composers such as Paul Hindemith, having gone far from classicism in their work, nevertheless recognize Beethoven's enormous influence on the work of any of them.

Ludwig van Beethoven

Beethoven was born in Bonn in 1770 to a poor and drinking musician. Despite the addiction, the father was able to discern the talent of his eldest son and began to teach him music himself. He dreamed of making a second Mozart out of Ludwig (Mozart's father successfully demonstrated his "miracle child" to the public from the age of 6). Despite the cruel treatment of his father, who forced his son to study all day, Beethoven passionately fell in love with music, by the age of nine he even “outgrew” him in performing, and at eleven he became an assistant to the court organist.

At 22, Beethoven left Bonn and went to Vienna, where he took lessons from Maestro Haydn himself. In the Austrian capital, which at that time was the recognized center of world musical life, Beethoven quickly gained fame as a virtuoso pianist. But the composer's works, filled with stormy emotions and drama, were not always appreciated by the Viennese public. Beethoven, as a person, was not too "comfortable" for others - he could be either sharp and rude, or unbridled cheerful, or gloomy and gloomy. These qualities did not contribute to Beethoven's success in society; he was considered a talented eccentric.

The tragedy of Beethoven's life is deafness. The disease made his life even more withdrawn and lonely. It was painful for the composer to create his brilliant creations and never hear them performed. Deafness did not break the strong spirit of the master, he continued to create. Already completely deaf, Beethoven himself conducted his brilliant 9th symphony with the famous "Ode to Joy" to the words of Schiller. The power and optimism of this music, especially given the tragic circumstances of the composer's life, still amaze the imagination.

Since 1985, Beethoven's "Ode to Joy" arranged by Herbert von Karajan has been recognized as the official anthem of the European Union. he wrote about this music in this way: “The whole of humanity stretches out its arms to the sky ... rushes towards joy and presses it to its chest” .

German composers have made a great contribution to the development of world musical art. Among them are a huge number of those whom we call great. Their masterpieces are heard by the whole world. In musical educational institutions, the works of many of them are included in the curriculum.

Music of Germany

The flowering of music in this country began in the 18th century. Then such great German composers as Robert Schumann, Johann Sebastian Bach, Franz Schubert, Ludwig van Beethoven began to create. They were the first representatives of romanticism.

Great composers who lived in Austria: Franz Liszt, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Johann Strauss.

Later Karl Orff, Richard Wagner, Max Reger became famous. They wrote music, referring to national roots.

Famous German composers of the 20th century: Arnold Schoenberg, Paul Hindemith, Karlheinz Stockhausen.

James Last

The famous German composer James Last was born in Bremen in 1929. His real name is Hans. He worked in the jazz genre. James first appeared on stage in 1946 with the Bremen Radio Orchestra. After 2 years, he created his own ensemble, which he led, and performed with him. In the 50s of the 20th century, Last was considered the best jazz bassist. In 1964, James created his own orchestra. He was engaged in arranging popular melodies at that time. The composer released his first album in 1965, after which there were 50 more. They diverged in millions of copies. Eighteen discs went platinum, 37 went gold. James Last created arrangements for authors and performers who worked in a wide variety of musical genres from folk music to hard rock. The composer died in the USA in June 2015.

Johann Sebastian Bach

Great German composers of the Baroque era: Georg Böhm, Nikolaus Bruns, Dietrich Buxtehude, Georg Friedrich Handel and others. Topping this list is Johann Sebastian Bach. He was a great composer, teacher and virtuoso organist. J.S. Bach is the author of more than a thousand works. He wrote music of different genres. Everything that was significant during the period of his life, except for operas. The composer's father was a musician, like many other relatives and ancestors.

Johann Sebastian loved music since childhood and never missed an opportunity to play music. The future composer sang in the choir, played the harpsichord and organ, studied the work of composers. Around the age of 15, he wrote his first works. After graduation, the young man served as a court musician, then as an organist in the church. Johann Sebastian Bach had seven children, two of whom became famous composers. The first wife died, and he married again. His second wife was a young singer who had a great soprano voice. In old age, J.S. Bach became blind, but continued to compose music, the notes were recorded by the composer's son-in-law under dictation. The great Johann Sebastian is buried in the city of Leipzig. In Germany, his image is immortalized in a large number of monuments.

Ludwig van Beethoven

Many German composers were adherents of the Viennese classical school. The brightest figure among them is Ludwig van Beethoven. He wrote music of all genres that existed at the time he lived. He even composed works for drama theatres. L. Beethoven is a composer whose works are performed by all musicians of the world. L. Beethoven's instrumental works are considered the most significant.

The composer was born in 1770. He was the son of a court chapel singer. The father wanted to raise his son as the second W. Mozart and taught him to play several musical instruments at once. At the age of 8, Ludwig first appeared on the stage. Contrary to his father's expectations, L. Beethoven did not become a miracle boy, like Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was. When the future great composer was 10 years old, his father stopped teaching him on his own, the boy got a real teacher - composer and organist - K. G. Nefe. The teacher immediately saw talent in L. Beethoven. He taught the young man a lot, introduced him to the work of the great composers of that time. L. Beethoven spoke to W. A. ​​Mozart, and he highly appreciated his talent, expressing confidence that Ludwig had a great future, and he would still make the world talk about himself. At the age of 34, the composer became deaf, but continued to write music, because he had an excellent inner ear. L. Beethoven had students. One of them is the famous composer Carl Czerny. L. Beethoven died at the age of 57.

Kurt Weill

Many German composers of the 20th century are considered classics. For example, Kurt Weill. He was born in 1900 in Germany. His most famous work is The Threepenny Opera. K. Weil was the son of a cantor in the synagogue. The composer was educated in Leipzig. He introduced elements of jazz into many of his works. Kurt Weill collaborated with the playwright B. Brecht and wrote music for a large number of productions based on his plays. The composer also composed 10 musicals. Kurt Weill died in 1950 in the USA.

What would our life be like without music? For years, people have been asking themselves this question and coming to the conclusion that without the beautiful sounds of music, the world would be a very different place. Music helps us to experience joy more fully, to find our inner self and to cope with difficulties. Composers, working on their works, were inspired by a variety of things: love, nature, war, happiness, sadness and many others. Some of the musical compositions they created will forever remain in the hearts and memory of people. Here is a list of the ten greatest and most talented composers of all time. Under each of the composers you will find a link to one of his most famous works.

10 PHOTOS (VIDEO)

Franz Peter Schubert is an Austrian composer who lived only 32 years, but his music will live on for a very long time. Schubert wrote nine symphonies, about 600 vocal compositions, as well as a large number of chamber and solo piano music.

"Evening Serenade"

German composer and pianist, author of two serenades, four symphonies, and concertos for violin, piano and cello. He performed at concerts from the age of ten, for the first time he performed a solo concert at the age of 14. During his lifetime, he gained popularity primarily thanks to the waltzes and Hungarian dances he wrote.

"Hungarian Dance No. 5".

Georg Friedrich Handel is a German and English composer of the Baroque era, he wrote about 40 operas, many organ concertos, as well as chamber music. Handel's music has been played at the coronation of English kings since 973, it is also heard at royal wedding ceremonies and is even used as the anthem of the UEFA Champions League (with a little arrangement).

"Music on the Water"

Joseph Haydn is a famous and prolific Austrian composer of the classical era, he is called the father of the symphony, as he made a significant contribution to the development of this musical genre. Joseph Haydn is the author of 104 symphonies, 50 piano sonatas, 24 operas and 36 concertos

"Symphony No. 45".

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is the most famous Russian composer, the author of more than 80 works, including 10 operas, 3 ballets and 7 symphonies. He was very popular and known as a composer during his lifetime, performed in Russia and abroad as a conductor.

"Waltz of the Flowers" from the ballet "The Nutcracker".

Frederic Francois Chopin is a Polish composer who is also considered one of the best pianists of all time. He wrote many piano pieces including 3 sonatas and 17 waltzes.

"Rain waltz".

The Venetian composer and virtuoso violinist Antonio Lucio Vivaldi is the author of more than 500 concertos and 90 operas. He had a huge impact on the development of Italian and world violin art.

"Elven Song"

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer who amazed the world with his talent from early childhood. Already at the age of five, Mozart was composing small pieces. In total, he wrote 626 works, including 50 symphonies and 55 concertos. 9.Beethoven 10.Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach - German composer and organist of the Baroque era, known as a master of polyphony. He is the author of more than 1000 works, which include almost all significant genres of that time.

"Musical Joke"

Max Bruch's symphonies are not as popular as his violin concertos or the Scottish Fantasy and are rarely performed. However, Harmony reigns supreme in them, awakening in the soul of the listener the aspiration for wisdom and strength, strengthening the spirit and helping to cope with all difficulties. Notable recordings of Bruch's works, in addition to the main concert pieces, include a set of three of his rarely performed symphonies; project carried out by conductor Kurt Masur. One of these recordings will sound now - A very beautiful Adagio from the Third Symphony in E major

Gewandhausorchester Leipzig

Kurt Masur, conductor

Music is the art of sounds and each sound in it has its own designation. Note (lat. nōta - “sign”, “mark”) in music is a graphic designation of the sound of a musical work, one of the main symbols of modern musical notation. Variations in…

The name of Max Bruch (1838-1920) is not as loud in the musical world as the names of Mendelssohn and Brahms. But his Violin Concerto No. 1 in G minor, Op. 26, occupies a worthy place in the pedigree of great romantic masterpieces. Max Bruch was born in the same year that Mendelssohn made the first drafts of his Violin Concerto in E minor. The Bruch Concerto premiered ten years after Schumann's death. A decade later, Brahms' famous Violin Concerto appeared. However, there is another great musician whose art has united these violin concertos into a tradition that has been uninterrupted for a century. His name was Joseph Joachim. On the title page of the score of Bruch's Violin Concerto there is a dedication: to Josef Joachim as a token of friendship.

The sketches for the concerto in G minor may date back to 1857, when 19-year-old Bruch graduated from the Cologne conservatory, where Ferdinand Hiller and Carl Reinecke were his teachers. At the age of 20, Bruch was already teaching music-theoretical subjects at the conservatory. One after another, the premieres of his operas, oratorios, symphonies, instrumental concerts, chamber ensembles, vocal cycles follow ... Bruch's choirs are especially popular in Germany. He conducts opera performances and symphony concerts in various cities in Germany and abroad. Max Bruch's students include representatives of national composer schools, such outstanding masters of the 20th century as the Italian Ottorino Respighi and the Englishman Ralph Vaughan Williams.

Max Bruch

Johann Philipp Kirnberger (German Johann Philipp Kirnberger; baptized April 24 1721, Saalfeld - July 27, 1783, Berlin) - German music theorist, composer, violinist, teacher.

According to F. W. Marpurg, in 1739-41 Kirnberger studied in Leipzig with J. S. Bach, whom he considered the greatest German composer. In 1741 - 50 he served as a music teacher and bandmaster in Polish aristocratic families, was bandmaster of a convent in Lvov. Since 1754, Kirnberger, a violinist and bandmaster at the court chapel in Berlin, taught composition to Anna Amalia of Prussia, the younger sister of King Frederick the Great of Prussia.
Kirnberger sought the publication of Bach's choral arrangements, about which he wrote in a letter to the Leipzig publisher Breitkopf:

Concerning the more than 400 Bach chorales collected by C. F. E. Bach, and many of which were transcribed by his own hand, it is extremely important to me that these chorales, which are now in my possession, be preserved for future musicians, composers and music connoisseurs .

Kirnberger bought the chorale manuscripts from C. F. E. Bach. To promote publication, Kirnberger gave these manuscripts free of charge to Breitkopf's publishing house (which remained their owner after Kirnberger's death).

The most prominent representative of violin playing in Germany in the first half of the 19th century was the famous Ludwig Spohr.

The son of a doctor who lived in Braunschweig, Spohr was placed from an early age in conditions extremely favorable for the development of his musical talent. Spohr's father played the flute (!), and his mother was a singer and quite a good pianist. The boy listened with particular pleasure to home music and was very glad when they bought him a small violin: he could play songs and romances sung by his mother by ear. The boy's talents were noticed by one French emigrant, Dufour, who lived in the town where Spohr's parents also moved from Braunschweig. Dufour, who himself played quite well on the violin and cello, supervised Spohr's studies and he began to write his own compositions (they say that Spohr's violin duets date back to this time).

This was followed by years of study, work as a soloist in the chapel of the Duke of Brunswick, tours of European cities. For example, in Denmark Spohr happened to be talking to a lady who was a great admirer of his talent. She asked him to tell her some details about his past life and, among other things, asked if Spohr would not do better by taking up his father's craft. Spur responded as follows:

Christian Cannabich (German: Christian Cannabich; December 28th 1731 - January 20, 1798, Frankfurt am Main) - German bandmaster, violinist and composer, representative of the Mannheim school.

Student of J. Stamitz, N. Jommelli (composition). He worked in the orchestras of Mannheim and Munich. Violinist of the Mannheim Court Chapel (since 1774 its director). From 1778 he lived in Munich. After the death of J. Stamitz, he was recognized as the head of the Mannheim School. Friend V.A. Mozart. Kannabich applied new principles of orchestration, based on the even distribution of thematic material among all orchestral groups, and was one of the first to introduce clarinets into the symphony orchestra. The leading genre of creativity is the symphony. Author of about 90 symphonies, 40 operas and ballets, concertos for violin and orchestra, chamber and instrumental ensembles. Mozart in his letters speaks with praise of Cannabih's talent. Be that as it may, Mozart describes him as the best music director he has ever seen.

Carl Orff (Carl Orff; Carl Heinrich Maria Orff, July 10, 1895, Munich - March 29, 1982, Munich) is a German composer and teacher, best known for the cantata Carmina Burana (1937). As a major composer of the 20th century, he also made a great contribution to the development of music education.

Carl Orff's father, an officer, played the piano and several stringed instruments. His mother was also a good pianist. It was she who discovered her son's talent for music and took up his training.

Orff learned to play the piano at the age of 5. At the age of nine he was already writing long and short pieces of music for his own puppet theater.

In 1912-1914, Orff studied at the Munich Academy of Music. In 1914 he continued his studies with Herman Zilcher. In 1916 he worked as a bandmaster at the Munich Chamber Theatre. In 1917, during the First World War, Orff went to voluntary service in the army in the First Bavarian Field Artillery Regiment. In 1918 he was invited to the post of bandmaster at the National Theater Mannheim under the direction of Wilhelm Furtwängler, and then he began to work at the Palace Theater of the Grand Duchy of Darmstadt.

In 1923, he met Dorothea Günther and in 1924, together with her, created the Günther-Schule school of gymnastics, music and dance (German: Günther-Schule) in Munich. From 1925 until the end of his life, Orff was the head of the department at this school, where he worked with young musicians. Having constant contact with children, he developed his theory of music education.

Carl (Heinrich Carsten) Reinecke(German Carl (Heinrich Carsten) Reinecke ; June 231824, Altona, now part of Hamburg - March 10, 1910, Leipzig) - German composer, conductor and pianist.

From the age of six he studied music with his father, Johann Rudolf Reinecke. AT 1835 made his debut in his native city as a pianist, then toured Europe, where he gained fame as a "graceful performer of works Mozart ". The musical idols of the young men were Clara Wieck and Franz List; due to the timid nature of Reinecke, he was ill-suited for the role of a touring virtuoso pianist.

FROM 1843 to 1846 thanks to a scholarship from King Christian VIII of Denmark, he studied at the Leipzig Conservatory in piano and composition. Felix Mendelssohn, who was at that time bandmaster of the Gewandhaus, organized public performances for him. During the same period, Reinecke met Robert Schumann. Reinecke was greatly influenced by the works of Mendelssohn and Schumann, who had a great influence on his own compositions.