What is patriotism or why do we need a strong state. Methodological development of the class hour "What does it mean to be a patriot

What does it mean to be a patriot? Completed by: Mikhail Ivanov, student of the 6th "B" class. Leader: Pyshnaya Tatyana Vladimirovna, teacher of history and social studies. I will decide on everything just to have the happiness of seeing the glory of Russia, and I will sacrifice the last drop of blood to her well-being. Pyotr Bagration

1. Introduction In September 2012, V.V. Putin, President of the Russian Federation, at a meeting with the cadets in Krasnodar, in his speech said that patriotism is the foundation of our country. And the future of Russia depends on how many patriots there will be in our country. Patriotism... Where did this term come from? What does it mean? What does it mean to be a patriot? It was interesting to figure it out. This is how the topic of the research work “What does it mean to be a patriot?” appeared.

Tasks: To consider the concepts of "patriotism", "patriot", personal qualities patriot. To reveal the historical features of Russian patriotism. Describe an example of patriotism from the life of a particular person. Present the results of a sociological survey among peers. Develop practical recommendations for the education of patriotism. Organize presentation materials. Select information for presentation. Schedule your commentary while showing slides on a topic.

Contents of the work: Introduction. Main part. 1. What is "patriotism"? 2. What does "patriot" mean? 3. Historical features of Russian patriotism. four. life path my great-grandmother is an example of patriotism. Research on the topic. Conclusion. Bibliography.

2. Main part What is "patriotism"? PATRIOTISM [fr. patriotism

Components of patriotism Pride in the past and present of one's Motherland Love for the Motherland Patriotic consciousness Patriotic feelings Patriotic beliefs, tolerance Patriotic behavior Devotion to one's Fatherland The desire to protect interests, to live for the good of the Motherland Readiness to defend one's Fatherland

What does "patriot" mean? PATRIOT [fr. patriote

Personal qualities of a patriot: Self-sacrifice - sacrificing one's personal interests for the sake of others. Selflessness - lack of concern for personal gain. A sense of duty - duty - obligation. An active civic position is an active desire to direct one's abilities for the benefit of other people, for the benefit of one's Motherland.

Historical features of Russian patriotism: The special love of Russian people for their native land. Community. Love of freedom, readiness for conscious self-sacrifice for the sake of the freedom of the Fatherland. Vitality and courage. A special understanding of military heroism. Statehood. Internationality. The effectiveness of the manifestation of patriotic feelings. high humanistic orientation Russian patriotic ideas, adherence to Orthodoxy.

The life path of my great-grandmother is an example of patriotism My great-grandmother Ivanova Olga Egorovna in 1943, at the age of 20, graduated from the courses of nurses at a field hospital in the army. She worked at the front as a ward nurse until the end of the war. Participated in battles on the North-Western Front, the Bryansk Front, the 1st Belorussian Front. Came to Berlin.

A patriot is a person who ... 90% of students believe that a patriot loves and respects his homeland; 10% are proud of their country; 20% are interested in and respect customs; 20% - takes care of their country; 10% - ready to defend their homeland; 5% - find it difficult to answer.

Patriot, who is he? Patriot, who is he? The one who loves the place where he was born and raised. He knows the history of his country, is proud of his ancestors. Knows and protects native language. Ready to defend the Fatherland. Defends the prestige of his country. I am ready to give all my strength and abilities to my Motherland. He builds his future, linking it with his Fatherland.

So what does it mean to be a patriot? It means feeling patriotism, experiencing love in one's Motherland and putting its interests above one's own, this is the desire to do everything possible to preserve itself, its people and its culture, the desire to protect its interests and borders.

Recommendations “If you want to become a patriot” Recommendations “If you want to become a patriot” If you want to grow up as a worthy person and citizen, do not speak badly about the country in which you live, where your ancestry originated. Study the history of your country, get acquainted with the memorable and historical places of your homeland. Watch programs, films that tell about people who glorified the country in which you live. Do not be indifferent and indifferent to the events that are now taking place in your country. Be proud of the people who glorify your country. Show yourself on the positive side, prove your patriotism not in words, but in deeds. Be proud that you are a citizen of the great multinational Russia!

4. Conclusion Research work allowed me to identify the historical features of Russian patriotism and to establish that patriotism is deeply individual, innermost feeling, located in the human soul; identify the personal qualities of a patriot and make sure that patriots are not born, they are made. I believe that my hypothesis was confirmed. It is not by chance that I would like to quote the words of Vasily Rozanov: “What does it mean to be a patriot? To love - yes, but not only to love your land, but it is also necessary to do something specific for it. You can become a patriot. Patriotism is judged not by words, but by the deeds of each person. So - everything is in our hands!

5. References V.O. Klyuchevsky. historical portraits. M.: True, V.M. Solovyov. Russian history. M. White City, N.V. Chudakov. Children's encyclopedia. I know the world. M.: AST, M. Khitrov. Holy noble prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. M., Materials of the family archive.

Thank you for your attention! To be a patriot... What does it mean? And this means to love the Motherland, And this means to honestly, disinterestedly serve the beloved Fatherland. To love his gray-haired history, The holy faces of our mothers, Who, more than once in the evil year, accompanied their own children into battle. To teach children to be proud of their kind And to observe and preserve its honor, To be the best part of our people, Which no one could crush.

What, in the opinion of our fellow citizens, does it mean to be a patriot, and what is true patriotism manifested in? On the one hand, according to opinion polls, the number of Russians who believe that patriotism is, first of all, love for the motherland, has grown. On the other hand, for last years citizens of our country have become more tolerant of those actions that were previously considered unpatriotic. What is the reason? According to experts, in this case it is still impossible to talk about a significant decline in patriotism. Rather, it is about blurring the ideas and norms of the Soviet era.

It would seem that everything is simple: patriotic - to love your homeland. It is unpatriotic to avoid military service, not to vote in elections, not to pay taxes and not to know the national anthem, native coat of arms and flag. However, as the data of the All-Russian Public Opinion Research Center (VTsIOM) show, everything is much more complicated.

For example, to be a patriot for the majority of Russians means to love their country, and in two years this opinion has become more popular (71 percent). However, much less often our fellow citizens began to see patriotism in the defense of their country from different kind attacks, work for the good of the Motherland or the desire for a real improvement in the state of affairs. 19 percent of Russians believe that being a patriot means believing that your country is better than others. 18 percent - speak the truth about their country. Those who believe that devotion to one's country consists in not seeing shortcomings in it are in the minority (five percent).

As the experts found out, over the past two years, Russians have more often defined patriotism as love for their country (from 65 to 71 percent) and the opinion that their country is better than others (from 16 to 19 percent). However, our fellow citizens are less likely than before to believe that being a patriot means striving to improve the state of affairs in the country (from 36 to 26 percent) and work for its good (from 34 to 26 percent).

Young people, for the most part, alas, prefer to love their Motherland in words rather than in deeds. So, for example, 18-24-year-old respondents are more likely than others to believe that being a patriot means simply loving your country (75 percent) and believing that your country is the best. But 35-44-year-olds are characterized by an understanding of patriotism as a desire to improve the situation in the country and work for its benefit.

According to polls by sociologists, in recent years, Russians have become more tolerant of those actions and situations that are traditionally considered unpatriotic. Thus, our fellow citizens are showing increasing loyalty towards working abroad, immigration, ignoring voting in elections, and even "sloping" from the army.

True, some actions are still considered unacceptable under any circumstances. However, to a lesser extent than before. This, for example, concerns tax evasion (from 65 to 57 percent). But ignorance of state symbols seems to Russians more and more unforgivable (from 48 percent in 2006 to 60 percent this year).

The director of the Institute of Globalization and Social Movements, Boris Kagarlitsky, explains the decline in patriotism revealed by sociologists quite simply: Soviet Union model or, better to say, understanding the essence of patriotism.

"In my opinion, what we are seeing now is not the disappearance of patriotism, but rather the erosion of the traditional, established back in Soviet time ideas and norms of what should be considered patriotic and unpatriotic, - the expert notes in an interview with Pravda.Ru. - That is whole line actions that soviet state committed deliberately sought to present as unpatriotic, they are still massive today, but not widespread enough.

As an example of "unpatriotic action" the expert calls a trip abroad. “We were explained for a long time that a Soviet person should not want to go abroad. As a result, a Soviet person terribly wanted to go abroad. And as soon as the border was opened, everyone rushed to travel, and someone even left,” explains Boris Kagarlitsky. “T. e. the question is not whether people love their country, but what the state understands as the norms of patriotism.

According to the political scientist, we are faced not with the fact that the inhabitants of Russia have become less patriotic, but with the fact that formal ideas about what can and cannot be considered patriotic have changed. At the same time, the political scientist is convinced that a new set of ideas about patriotism has not yet been formed. And the problems in this case are not with the population, the expert believes, but with those who are trying to define the concept of "patriotism" without taking into account the realities of modern life. "This does not mean that people have become less patriotic. It means that the old rating system does not give us real picture", - concludes the director of the Institute of Globalization and Social Movements.

The editor-in-chief of Literaturnaya Gazeta, Yuri Polyakov, calls patriotism "the immune system of the people." “And its weakening is extremely dangerous,” a well-known writer tells Pravda.Ru. “And the collapse of states, and the disappearance of peoples, and the loss of self-identification, and dissolution in foreign cultures begins precisely with the loss of patriotism.”

"As far as I know - and I travel quite a lot on different countries“Even in the countries of united Europe, there are extensive programs to maintain their language, their culture, to develop their own version of history,” Polyakov notes. - Naturally, every nation has gloomy and heroic pages in its history. However, they try to write history in such a way that the light and heroic villages are in the foreground, and the gloomy ones are in the background. And this is right, because it is necessary to educate (youth) on a patriotic example.

There is a weakening of patriotic consciousness in Russia, the editor-in-chief of Literaturnaya Gazeta believes. And, as a result - and reverence for their own state. Moreover, anti-patriotism is promoted and implanted, paradoxically, at the expense of the state, Polyakov believes. "Unfortunately, our media intelligentsia - especially those who came after 1991 - are all brought up in the spirit of, if not anti-patriotism, then such an ironically dismissive attitude towards this property of human consciousness," the writer sums up.

Introduction

"Where are the people?" asked politely The little Prince.

“People?... They are carried by the wind. They don't have roots."

How relevant, piercingly sad, to the pain of the soul these words sound today, when in our Fatherland once again the connection of times breaks up, when the people produce "Ivans who do not remember kinship" - people who have lost their spiritual connection with their small Motherland, native land, his culture.

Today, due to the transformations that have taken place in our country, the connection between times has been broken and the scale of life values ​​has changed dramatically. What yesterday was highly valued and considered a blessing, for example, selfless service to the Fatherland, devotion to one's people, one's profession, today in the eyes of many has no value.

As you can see, the river of time has taken us far away from the shores of former patriotism. Does this mean that such a bright and noble quality of our glorious ancestors has finally passed away? new Russia Or is it just a forced pause in the development of our country?

In modern Russia, the topic of patriotism, its role and necessity is one of the most controversial topics widely discussed in society. Many believe that the time of patriotism has irrevocably sunk into the past along with communist ideals. Others do not agree with this and do not imagine the revival and prosperity of Russia without the proper patriotic upsurge of the country's citizens. Today, we are increasingly talking about the revival of awareness Great Russia but without a holy sense of patriotism this is impossible.

Current state Russian society requires a search for internal sources of development, ways to realize its spiritual forces. As the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin emphasized, it is effective to counter the serious threats hanging over modern Russia, is possible only "... on the basis of the consolidation of all strata of society, at least around the basic national values."

Today comes the realization of the importance of the formation of patriotic consciousness among the younger generation at the state and regional levels. This is evidenced by the state program: "Patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation for 2011 - 2015."

There is a significant amount of literature on patriotism and the problems of its formation in our society. These are the works of the classics of Russian philosophical thought, and studies relating to the political and historical form of patriotism, and works that characterize the conditions for the development of the patriotic movement in modern Russia, reference literature on modern political parties, theoretical works of leaders of parties and socio-political movements.

In recent decades, interest in the problem of patriotism has increased significantly. The question of the place of patriotism in modern society turned out to be at the epicenter of the struggle of the most diverse, often opposing views, opinions, beliefs, and discussions.

Thus, in recent times The problem of patriotism in our country is becoming more and more urgent. The spiritual values ​​of the population, including adolescents, are deformed under the pressure of various socio-economic changes, which leads to an increase in the number of extremist youth organizations, child neglect and crime.

Due to this issue, we have sociological research: Be a patriot. What does this mean?”, in which 128 students of our gymnasium aged 13-17 took part.

Purpose of the study:

revealing the level of formation of patriotic consciousness among students on the example of gymnasium students.

Tasks:

1. Analyze theoretical approaches to the consideration of the concept of "patriotism" in different historical periods.

2. To identify the attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism through a survey.

3. Determine the level of development of the patriotic consciousness of student youth.

Object of study:

senior students MBOU classes"Gymnasium No. 12".

Subject of study:

the state of patriotic consciousness of student youth in modern conditions.

Research method:

Analysis of sources (literary, scientific articles, media, Internet)

Questionnaire.

1. The concept of "patriotism" in various periods of national history

1.1 The essence of the concept of "patriotism"

The term "patriotism" is derived from the Latin "patria" - fatherland, which characterizes national unity, identification with the country's past and present, readiness to take responsibility for its fate and, if necessary, defend the Motherland with arms in hand.

V. I. Dal recorded his contemporary understanding of patriot and patriotism in his dictionary in 1882: “A patriot is a lover of the Fatherland, a zealot for its good, a lover of the fatherland, a patriot or a father-in-law. Patriotism is love for the Fatherland.

In the dictionary of the Russian language S. I. Ozhegov, the following interpretation is given: "Patriotism is devotion and love for one's fatherland, for one's people."

The concept of "patriotism" has a deep tradition of understanding and use in the literature. The question of who is a patriot, who is worthy of the title "son of the Fatherland" has worried thinkers throughout the history of the development of social thought. So, Radishchev raised this problem as early as the end of the 18th century. In the works of both the Westerners and the Slavophiles, the interests of the Motherland are put at the forefront. "Westerners" V. G. Belinsky, P. Ya. Chaadaev, A. I. Herzen came to the conclusion that Russia should not be opposed to the West, and the West - to Russia. AS Pushkin and P. Ya. Chaadaev were the first to express the essence of this idea: Russia is neither better nor worse than the West, it is different.

1.2 The concept of patriotism in Tsarist Russia

In Russian national identity, the concept of patriotism was often associated with traditions Orthodox culture and consisted in the readiness to give up oneself, to sacrifice everything for the sake of the country. Many public and statesmen, such as N.M. Karamzin, S.N. Glinka, A.I. Turgenev, urged through their work "to lay down their lives for the Fatherland."

Already in the time of Peter I, patriotism is considered above all virtues and practically becomes the Russian state ideology, the words "God, Tsar and Fatherland" reflect the main values ​​of the time. The Russian soldier served not for the sake of his honor or the emperor, but in the interests of the Fatherland. “Now the hour has come that will decide the fate of the Fatherland,” Peter I addressed the soldiers before the Battle of Poltava. “And so you should not think that you are fighting for Peter, but for the state handed over to Peter, for your family, for the Fatherland ...”.

But citizens of the Russian Empire connected the concept of patriotism not only with military service. Civic patriotism was very widespread, and at the same time had the features of "conscious patriotism." “Conscious patriotism” was well described by the great Russian patriot, philosopher Vasily Rozanov: “Happy and great homeland- love is not a great thing. We must love her precisely when she is weak, small, humiliated, finally, stupid, finally, even vicious. Precisely, it is precisely when our mother is “drunk”, lying and all entangled in sin, that we should not leave her.”

1.3. The concept of patriotism in Soviet Russia

Due to the formation and development of new class, political, ideological and other features, in Soviet times, the Fatherland began to be defined primarily as socialist, while reflecting the emergence of the Soviet state public system. In the article "About national pride Lenin defines proletarian patriotism: “Is it alien to us, class-conscious Great Russian proletarians, a sense of national pride? Of course not! We love our language, our motherland, we work most of all to raise its working masses (that is, 9/10 of its population) to the conscious life of democrats and socialists ... ".

During the Great Patriotic War, when the fate of our Fatherland was being decided, the people and the army displayed patriotism of unprecedented strength, which was the basis of spiritual and moral superiority over Nazi Germany. Remembering the difficult days of the battle for Moscow, G.K. Zhukov noted that “it was not dirt or frost that stopped the Nazi troops after their breakthrough to Vyazma and reaching the approaches to the capital. Not the weather, but the people, the Soviet people! Those were special, unforgettable days, when the one for everything Soviet people the desire to defend the motherland, and greatest patriotism raised people to the feat.

1.4 The concept of patriotism in Orthodoxy

Here is what Patriarch Alexy II said about patriotism: “Patriotism is undoubtedly relevant. This is the feeling that makes the people and every person responsible for the life of the country. Without patriotism there is no such responsibility. If I do not think about my people, then I have no home, no roots. Because the house is not only comfort, it is also the responsibility for the order in it, it is the responsibility for the children who live in this house. A person without patriotism, in fact, does not have his own country. And a “man of the world” is the same as a homeless person.”

The Local Council of the Russian Orthodox Church in 1990 stated that over the course of a thousand-year history, Russian Orthodox Church educated believers in the spirit of patriotism and peacefulness. According to the definition of the Local Council in 1990, patriotism "manifests itself in caring attitude to the historical heritage of the Fatherland, in active citizenship, including participation in the joys and trials of one's people, in zealous and conscientious work, in caring for morale society, in caring for the conservation of nature.

1.5 The concept of patriotism in modern Russia

In the last decade in Russia, patriotism has become one of the most controversial topics, widely discussed in various fields. Russian state. The range of opinions is quite large: from discrediting patriotism as an analogue of fascism and racism to calls for unity by the first persons of the state Russian people based on patriotism. public consciousness attitude to the concept of "patriotism" is far from unambiguous. Which, in particular, is demonstrated by the statements of various political and public figures.

Gennady Zyuganov: “Turning to our history, especially to the history of the Soviet era, allows us to draw an important conclusion: at each new stage of development, the idea of ​​the unity of patriotism and socialism was refined and filled. Therefore, even today, patriotism and socialism must go hand in hand in the revival of Great Russia.”

Irina Khakamada: “... I am among non-traditional patriots, namely, those people who do not associate patriotism with thoughtless faith in their own state, but who associate their fate with their country, because it is this country that allows a person to realize himself as a free a person whose dignity is respected by the authorities”.

Eduard Limonov: “... those in power, who at one time committed the destruction of the USSR, using democratic ideology, have now adopted patriotic ideology and are exploiting it. Although, in my opinion, they absolutely do not care what to exploit, whom and how.

For their part, representatives of the party United Russia» call not to blur the concept of patriotism and engage in populism, but to pursue a balanced state policy in matters of patriotic education. Former party leader Boris Gryzlov connects the concept of patriotism with the history and greatness of Russia: "The wealth of Russia is not only its subsoil, not only and not so much oil and gas, but the huge creative potential of the Russian people, our unity, our love for the Motherland."

In general, today we can state the presence of a significant number of divergent opinions on issues of patriotism, the lack of a common understanding of patriotic education in society.

2. Formation of patriotic consciousness among modern youth

2.1 The level of development of patriotic consciousness among modern youth

How are things going with the sense of patriotism among today's youth? In the course of a survey of students in grades 8-11 of our school, we found out what patriotism means for a modern teenager. A total of 128 people were surveyed.

The first question of the questionnaire: “How do you understand the word “patriotism”? The answers were as follows: love for the Motherland - 71%; love for nature - 12%; defense of the Fatherland - 12%; loyalty to the Fatherland -4%; veneration of laws - 1%. Despite the different answers to this question, in principle they are similar and reflect the understanding of the youth of their attitude to the Motherland.

To the question of the questionnaire: “In your opinion, this is a patriot ...” made it possible to find out what meaning the respondents put into this word. The following options were received as answers: “A person who tries to do everything possible for the prosperity of his Motherland, one who loves his Motherland”; "Brave, courageous defender of his homeland"; “Loving his Motherland, proud of it”; "A faithful son of his Fatherland"; "A man who loves his Fatherland"; “He is ready for everything for the sake of his Motherland”; “He who lives for the sake of his country is proud of it”; "A man who loves his country and worries about its future"; "A person devoted to the Motherland." There were also such answers: "A person who has passed the initial military training before the army"; "Service in the army" and others.

According to the results of the survey, 68% of the respondents are aware of themselves as patriots of Russia. Apparently, not every teenager considers himself a patriot, but, by the way, maybe they understand that they have not done anything for society, for their country, to consider themselves as such.

To the question: “Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?” respondents answered as follows: 61% of respondents chose the answer option: “I was born in Russia and consider it the best place in the world". In 32% of respondents, the family influenced the formation of patriotic consciousness. 23% of respondents believe that teachers instilled patriotism in them, 20% of respondents became patriots under the influence of the media. The least pronounced influence on the formation of a sense of patriotism on the part of friends - 17%, under the influence of books, films and other works of art - 9%, following the example famous people – 7%.

Answering the question of the questionnaire: “Which of the famous people do you consider patriots?” respondents named historical figures. 46% of the respondents called A.V. Suvorov, Peter I patriots; 32% - Marshal G.K. Zhukov; 22% - A.S. Pushkin, M.I. Kutuzov, Yu.A. Gagarin.

To the question: “Who do you consider the hero of our time?” the respondents answered as follows: 83% of respondents cannot name specific heroes, and 37% believe that there are none at all, 36% simply do not know them, 9% think that there are heroes, but do not know who they are.

“Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally?” Analyzing the answers to this question of the questionnaire, it is necessary to note the "leading" position among these holidays of the Victory Day. Victory Day (84%) and Defender of the Fatherland Day (58%) are rated as holidays much more often than Independence Day (33%) and Constitution Day (14%), which indicates that Victory in the Great Patriotic War is the most important event for schoolchildren than recent milestones in the formation of modern Russia as a state. Consequently, patriotism in the minds of high school students is connected to a greater extent with the theme of war, the defense of the Motherland, the exploits of heroes than with the theme of the political development of the state.

“Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?” - 73% of respondents gave a positive answer to this question, “not interested” - 7%, “did not think” about this issue - 20%. As you can see, teenagers are not indifferent to Russian symbols, most of them are interested in its history. After all, state symbols have absorbed the history of the people, their traditions.

It is well known that love for the Motherland begins there, a person was born and raised. Answering the question: “How do you feel about your small Motherland?”, 78% of respondents showed themselves to be real patriots, giving the answer “I love”, 13% - “would choose another”, for 9% - “it doesn’t matter where to live”.

When asked if you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country, the respondents answered as follows: 25% of respondents would prefer to change their place of residence, and 32% of students want to leave the country, with 14% respondents want to leave the country forever. Most of the respondents answered that they would see the world and return - 81%. Consideration of migratory moods among the students of our school shows a rather pessimistic attitude.

The questionnaire also touched upon such an important issue as military service. The Constitution of Russia states: "Protection of the Fatherland is the duty and obligation of a citizen of the Russian Federation." From the analysis of the answers, it turned out that 52% of respondents believe that everyone should fulfill this duty, 49% - serving in the army is a duty, patriotism, 9% - are sure that military service can be replaced by alternative service, 8% felt that " better to avoid it by any means."

In accordance with the Constitution of the Russian Federation (Article 32 part 2), citizens have the right to elect and be elected to bodies state power and bodies local government. The question of the questionnaire: “How can one treat those who do not go to the polls, is it necessary to apply any measure of punishment to them?” 64% of respondents believe that participation in elections is the exclusive right of citizens, 8% of respondents make participation in elections mandatory, 28% of respondents believe that nothing will change from their voting for candidates to state authorities or local self-government bodies and therefore, it is not necessary to go to the polls. They do not understand that by their non-participation in elections they are provoking the creation of such a system in the country, which will by no means contribute to their prosperity and well-being.

“What is your attitude towards people of a different faith, nation, race?” Respondents answered this question of the questionnaire as follows: friendly - 35%; indifferent - 24%; tolerable - 30%; negative - no; I have nothing to do with them -11%. It's nice that there is a lot of negativity towards people different origin no one experiences, but there is some rejection. We can say that the national climate in our school is quite calm and tolerant.

“Can Russian citizens support a domestic manufacturer as a manifestation of patriotism? What products, domestic or foreign, do you prefer?” 53% of respondents answered that support for domestic producers is not a manifestation of patriotism; 47% of the respondents consider the support of the domestic manufacturer to be a manifestation of patriotism. 90% of respondents prefer Russian products, which indicates support for a domestic manufacturer.

To the question of the questionnaire: "Does Russia have a future?" 69% of respondents answered: “Russia will overcome all difficulties and will prosper; 17% answered: “Most likely, it will exist the same way as it is today”; 12% answered: “So far, Russia is on the way to disintegration”; 2% found it difficult to answer. The answers show that young people stand up for the revival of Russia as a strong power.

“What, in your opinion, still needs to be done by the state to instill patriotic values ​​among children and youth?” To this question of the questionnaire, most of all there were such answers: “Improvement of the living conditions of the population”; "Raising the prestige of the country"; "Creating and showing more patriotic films, distributing fiction on patriotic themes"; "Improving the authority of the army in society"; "Personal example, examples of war heroes"; "Cultivating a sense of patriotism with kindergarten". The answers to this question show that young people in their aspirations, values ​​and life plans very close to the older generation, and in this sense we can talk about the revival of continuity.

2.2 The attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism

As part of the study, the levels of development of patriotism of students in grades 8-11 of the MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12" were analyzed. The majority of respondents consider (realize) themselves as patriots, are proud of the history of their country and are concerned about the future of Russia. Among the young students who consider themselves patriots of Russia, the most developed is a sensual, emotional attitude towards their country, people, compatriots, culture (“I love my country no matter what”, “I have a sense of pride that I live in Russia…” , “I am always very sick and worried about the representatives of Russia in sports competitions”) – 76%. The development of the emotional and sensory perception of one's Motherland is associated with the immediate environment of the individual (family, friends, relatives) and is expressed primarily in love for the small Motherland ( native nature, locality). This component defines "rudimentary" patriotism, which is capable of development, but purposeful patriotic education is necessary for the formation of value-motivational and volitional elements.

15.4% of respondents are aware of the values ​​of their homeland, people, nature, native land along with other basic values: health, personal success, family, etc. (“I am a patriot; if necessary, I am ready to act in the interests of the Motherland”, “for me, my native land is very important, and I will not spoil the place where I live”).

Only 8.4% of respondents strive to support the Motherland with their activities: live and work in the country, serve in the army, support domestic producers, and also contribute to the development of the country (“I work for my country”, “I am ready to defend my country, etc.” ). This is due, first of all, to the students’ ignorance of what exactly needs to be done for the benefit of their Motherland. Arina, 16 years old: “We love our Motherland, because we were born in it, and maybe there are countries where life is better but we don't know about it."

The results of our study allow us to say that the patriotic consciousness of young students is in a kind of "chaotic" state: "I love the Motherland, I want good things for her, but I don't know what this good consists of, and what needs to be done for this." According to the results of the study, 86.8% of respondents define patriotism for themselves as "a feeling of love for their homeland and a willingness to act in the interests of its well-being and prosperity." At the same time, 68.0% of the students of our school consider themselves patriots of Russia. When analyzing the ways of becoming a patriotic consciousness of an individual, it can be noted that “unconscious” formation prevails among young students: 61% of respondents chose the answer option: “I was born in Russia and I consider it the best place in the world.” In 32% of respondents, the family influenced the formation of patriotic consciousness.

Consideration of Russia as one of the leading countries in the world is inherent in 32% of respondents; 40% see that Russia plays a certain role, but not a decisive one; 14% of respondents believe that Russia has practically no influence on the solution of major world problems. Respondents' rather low assessment of Russia's position in the world is due to the fact that 47% believe that Russia is going through times of crisis. Consideration of the causes of the crisis state of Russia indicates a fairly positive assessment of the national culture of Russians and patriotism, and the causes of adverse events are associated with negative influence economic and political factors.

In the analysis of life values, the first places are occupied by the values ​​of personal security and the well-being of the family. This is obviously connected with the individualization of the minds of young people. Love for the Motherland is also among the basic values. But this love is expressed in love and readiness to act in the interests of a microgroup (family, group of peers), but it practically does not extend to the country as a whole and is not associated with state interests.

Consideration of migratory moods among young people shows a rather pessimistic attitude. According to the results of our study, it turns out that 25% of respondents would prefer to change their settlement, 32% of students want to leave the country. Currently, patriotic consciousness develops spontaneously through the family and social environment of the individual, there is no stability in the development of the system for the formation of personal patriotism.

Thus, the analysis of the sociological survey data made it possible to characterize patriotic consciousness, determine the level of development of patriotic consciousness, and consider love for the Motherland in the system of life values ​​of the respondents.

Conclusion

The theoretical analysis of patriotic consciousness and the analysis of data obtained in the course of a sociological study of student youth allow us to formulate the following theoretical and practical conclusions.

In the pre-revolutionary period, patriotism was considered as a spiritual category, a component of the individual's consciousness, which was subdivided depending on the forms of its expression in patriotic behavior.

Patriotism in the Soviet state was one of the key components of the ideology that ensured its existence and development. During this period, the greatest attention is paid to the consideration of patriotism as love for the Motherland and the willingness to sacrifice one's goods and, if necessary, one's life for its sake.

In the post-Soviet period, patriotic education, together with the ideological system, was practically destroyed, which became one of the good reasons disconnection of time and abrupt change value scales. Therefore, today, as the President of the Russian Federation repeatedly emphasized in his speeches, the formation of healthy constructive patriotism among the broad masses is one of the priorities for the further strengthening and development of our country. For patriotism is the most important factor in mobilizing and uniting the people.

To accomplish this task, it is necessary, first of all, to conduct special studies designed to give enough complete description state of patriotic consciousness of modern youth. Our work is an attempt to conduct such a study among the students of our school in order to clarify the formation of its patriotic consciousness.

Conclusions based on the results of the sociological study:

• Most of the students surveyed consider themselves patriots.
• Almost all patriots at times experience both pride and shame for their country.
• However, feelings are very different from the deed. For some reason, some patriots do not feel any duty to the Motherland. This part makes up slightly less than half of the respondents, some are not yet sure that they are "debtors".
• Even fewer respondents associate patriotic duty with military service.
• The issue of military service turned out to be very complex and controversial. Most students believe that military service is not mandatory. The third part of the respondents cannot decide on this issue.
• The majority of respondents would not like to leave Russia. A third of respondents dream of living in another country.
• Few people have role models in modern Russia. Respondents named only historical figures as patriots.
• The least developed among the respondents is the volitional element - the desire to support the Motherland with their activities: to live and work in the country, serve in the army, support domestic producers, contribute to the development of the country.

These results confirm the need to maintain and develop the patriotic direction in the education of young people.

The practical significance of our study: this work can be used in preparation for class hours, thematic sessions, to creative events in order to form a high patriotic consciousness among students. Recent events in Ukraine confirm the relevance of patriotism. Here we see prime example"stolen history". If a person does not know the past of his country, he is not worthy of the future and cannot be a true patriot

List of used literature

3. Antoine de Saint-Exupery. The little Prince. M.: Children's literature, 1986.44 p.

4. State concept of patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation. // A red star. July 05, 2003. 5 p.

5. Gryzlov Boris. Official site.

6. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language: in 4 volumes. M .: Ed. Center "Terra", 1994. 779 p.

7. Zhukov G.K. Memories and reflections in 2 volumes. M.: APN, 1971.430 p.

8. Journal of the Moscow Patriarchate, No. 9 -1990. 28 p.

9. Zyuganov G.A. Russia is my motherland. Ideology state patriotism. Moscow: Informpress, 1996. 26 p.

10. Lenin V.I. On the national pride of the Great Russians. Moscow: Education, 1976. 35 p.

11. Limonov Eduard. Twitter site.

12 . Handbook on patriotic education of schoolchildren: Toolkit. M.: Globus, 2007. 330 p.

13 .Ozhegov S.I., Shvedova N.Yu. Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. M.: 2000. 398 p.

14 . Putin V.V. Russia at the turn of the millennium. My Fatherland, 2000. No. 1. 23 p.

15 . Rozanov V.V. secluded. M.: Sovremennik, 1991. 108 p.

16 . Sakharov A., Buganov V. History of Russia. Moscow: Education, 1997. 286 p.

17 . Frank S.L. Works. M.: Pravda, 1989. 386 p.

Attachment 1

Questionnaire

1. How do you understand the word "patriot"?
2. Do you think a patriot is...
3. Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?
4. Which famous people do you consider patriots?
5. Who do you consider the heroes of our time?
6. Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally:

Victory Day;

Defender of the Fatherland Day;

Independence Day;

Constitution day.

1. Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?
2. How do you feel about the Little Motherland?
3. If you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country, what would you do?
4. Do you want to serve in the army?
5. How can you treat those people who do not go to the polls?
6. What is your attitude towards people of other faiths?
7. Can the support of a domestic manufacturer be considered a manifestation of patriotism?
8. Does Russia have a future?
9. What, in your opinion, still needs to be done by the state to instill patriotic values ​​among children and youth?

Application2

Annex 3

Appendix 4

Appendix 5

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Slides captions:

What does it mean to be a patriot

"Where are the people?" asked the Little Prince politely. “People?... They are carried by the wind. They don't have roots."

As President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin emphasized, it is possible to effectively counter the serious threats hanging over modern Russia only "... through the consolidation of all strata of society, at least around basic national values"

The concept of patriotic education of citizens of the Russian Federation says the following: “Patriotism is the moral basis of the viability of the state and acts as an important internal mobilizing resource for the development of society, an active civic position of the individual, her readiness for selfless service to her Fatherland.

Recently, the problem of patriotism in our country has become increasingly relevant. The spiritual values ​​of the population, including adolescents, are deformed under the pressure of various socio-economic changes, which leads to an increase in the number of extremist youth organizations, child crime and neglect.

The purpose of the study: to identify the level of formation of patriotic consciousness among young people on the example of gymnasium students Object of study: high school students of the MBOU "Gymnasium No. 12". Subject of study: the state of patriotic consciousness of young students in modern conditions.

Research objectives: To analyze theoretical approaches to the consideration of the concept of "patriotism" in different historical periods. To reveal the attitude of modern schoolchildren to the problems of patriotism through a survey. To determine the level of development of the patriotic consciousness of the student youth and.

Research methods: Analysis of sources (literary, scientific articles, mass media, Internet). Questionnaire.

"Patriotism is devotion and love to one's Fatherland, to one's people"

Patriotism in Tsarist Russia

Patriotism in Orthodoxy

Patriotism in Soviet Russia

Patriotism in modern Russia

The level of development of patriotic consciousness among today's youth How do you understand the word "patriotism"?

Where do you think patriotic feelings are brought up?

Which famous people do you consider patriots?

Who do you consider the hero of our time?

Which of the following days do you consider holidays for you personally?

Are you interested in the history of Russian symbols?

How do you feel about your small homeland?

If you had the choice to stay in your city or move to another city or country

How do you feel about military service?

Conclusions based on the results of the sociological survey Most of the respondents consider themselves patriots Part of the patriots do not feel any duty to the Motherland Most of the students do not consider military service mandatory One third of the respondents want to live in another country The respondents called only historical figures Patriots

Conclusion These results allow us to talk about the need to maintain and develop a patriotic direction in the education of young people.

The practical significance of the study This work can be used in preparation for class hours, thematic classes, and creative events in order to form a high patriotic consciousness among students.

Recent events in Ukraine confirm the relevance of patriotism. Here we see a vivid example of "stolen history". If a person does not know the past of his country, he is not worthy of the future and cannot be a true patriot

Thank you for your attention!

Lesson objectives:

1. Formation younger generation feelings of patriotism, respect for the native country, its history;
2. The ability to navigate in a social environment, to have their own judgments and views, to have social responsibility for their thoughts and actions;

Tasks:

Educational:

• increasing the intellectual level; manifestation of independent creative activity;

Developing:

• develop skills in working with various literature;
• ability to use personal experience accept the opinions of others;
• continue developing information technology skills.

Educational:

• to cultivate a culture of communication, to develop communicative qualities (the ability to communicate in the process of pair and group interaction);

Equipment:

• a computer,
• projector,
• screen.

Preparatory part of the event.

Conducting a questionnaire, data processing. Appendix No. 1

The class is divided into groups and receives a task (Appendix No. 2 (presentation), video, hall decoration, invitation of guests).

Holding an event

I'm a patriot. I am Russian air
I love the Russian land.
I believe that nowhere in the world
I won't find another one like it.
N. Kogan

It is with these words of Nikolai Kogan that I would like to start our conversation: “What does it mean to be a patriot today?”

Student: look at dictionary Dahl: “A patriot is one who loves his fatherland, is devoted to his people, is ready for sacrifices and deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland.

Teacher: Let's try to understand our thoughts, feelings, attitudes towards this concept. Therefore, today I invite you to the free microphone.

Sample student responses

Student 1.“A patriot is a person who loves his homeland, is ready to defend it, but not necessarily with weapons in his hands. Knowing and accepting the history of your country, no matter how they talk about it, is important, and especially today.”

Student 2. “A patriot in my understanding is a person who works and is socially active, builds his future, linking it only with his Fatherland. He will do much more than a person who is ready to defend the prestige of the country in words. This is much more difficult than just talking about love for the Motherland. This is true patriotism."

Student 3.“Being a patriot in our time is very difficult, there is a lot of temptation around - the pursuit of money, leading to an escape from Russia. To be a patriot means to be the master of your country, not a guest. In case of danger, be able to protect her, handle her gifts with care”

Student 4.“Unfortunately, sometimes patriotism is interpreted incorrectly. On the screen, we see groups of "skins" who, with a firm conviction that they are right, beat innocent people of a different nationality to death. “Russia for Russians!”, “Let’s cleanse Russia of blacks!” - they shout ... It is wonderful, of course, that people have a desire to ensure that a larger percentage of the country's inhabitants are Russians ... But this does not mean that others should be exterminated! There is a sea of ​​ways... Violence is the worst of them... You know, a lie always cuts the ear... Therefore, it is disgusting and furious to me that they cover themselves with the word "patriot".

Student 5.“Probably few of us asked ourselves this question. And why? Apparently, we are so busy with everyday worries and problems that we are not up to it. What is the most important thing for our parents now? Give us children a good education. And the children go crazy for American films and proudly declare: "We are not patriots." And not all parents will be scared when they hear this phrase. Or maybe there is nothing to be afraid of? It is still unknown what the teenager wanted to say. "I don't like my country" or "I want to live in a rich and prosperous country." And yet it is safe to say that the Russian people are patriots. Not for show, no"

Student 6.“The first thing that comes to mind when people talk about patriotism is America. Those who loudly declare to the whole world that they are patriots are the Americans. Patriotism has become calling card USA. Americans make films on patriotic themes, they write about it in the press”

Student 7.“I do not agree with such conclusions,” in my opinion, this is abnormal or pathological patriotism. The bombing of Iraq because of the weapons of mass destruction allegedly located there and Yugoslavia because of nothing at all - they didn’t like the president - these are all the consequences of their "patriotism". Their "patriotism" has nothing to do with real Patriotism, so I think we have nothing to learn from the Americans.

Student 6.“We must look for flaws not in others - in ourselves. We must not criticize and hate someone else's, but make our own better"

Pupil 8“A true patriot, in my opinion, should at least know the history of his country. How can you love your Motherland without knowing anything about it?! Is it possible to consider people who allegedly fight for the purity of the Slavic race, they don’t know the history of this very race, it’s written on their faces: aggression and the desire to fight no matter who. Here is a statement that can be read on the fence "Beat the Jews" - this is some regular "patriot" calling us. And, probably, it did not occur to him that knowledge of his native language is included in the list of requirements for true patriot. And a true patriot will not yell at every corner about his passionate love for the motherland, he will simply silently do his job, thereby really helping the country.

Student 10.“And I think that knowledge of state symbols is also a manifestation of patriotism. We did a little sociological research at school.

Presentation. Slide #3. Based on the opinions of students in our school, the results were as follows:

1. 98% of respondents know what is depicted on the state emblem;
2. 100% know colors state flag and their location;
3. 95% could name the first verse of the national anthem;
4. Feelings experienced when they see or hear state symbols - pride, admiration, sympathy
5. The majority of respondents have a positive attitude towards the campaigns for the distribution of ribbons (three-colored) with national symbols.

Teacher: The conversation can go on for a long time ... There will always be pros and cons, there will be other interpretations of the problem. In the classical sense, the word "patriotism" has never changed its meaning.

Presentation. Slide number 4.

Student: Let us recall the words of A.S. Pushkin:

“I swear on my honor that in the world I would not want to change the Fatherland or have a different history than the history of our ancestors.” Let us turn to the history of our ancestors: in the war against Napoleon, patriots died for Russia, millions of patriots died in the Great Patriotic War ... They were all ready for a feat for the sake of their native land ...

Presentation. Slide number 5.(a bell ringing sounds, and the student speaks words about A. Nevsky against the background of this sound).

Student: Prince A. Nevsky lived only 43 years old, he became a prince at the age of 16, at 20 he defeated the Swedes in the battle on the Neva River, and at 22 he won a famous victory on ice Lake Peipus. And his name was glorified. And then, with his cautious policy, he saved Russia, allowed her to get stronger, recover from ruin. He is the founder of the revival of Russia!

Student: my homeland, my Russia in those people that she can be proud of ...

Presentation. Slide number 6. The music of Tchaikovsky sounds, against the background of it, words about N.I. Vavilov are read

“Let's go to the fire, we will burn, but we will not give up our convictions” - these words belong to the great Russian scientist Nikolai Ivanovich Vavilov. His whole life and work were a confirmation of these words. The world famous botanist, geneticist, traveler and researcher, Nikolai Ivanovich in 1929. become an academician of the USSR. He is the first president of the All-Union Agricultural Academy of the USSR. The purpose of his life was science. He never forgot that he was a citizen of his country, even when he was arrested in 1940 and accused of leading an anti-Soviet counter-revolutionary organization. He perceived the Motherland as the only thing that cannot be bought, sold, or changed, although he was offered the best laboratories in the world. In prison, he continues to work hard, writes the book "History of the development of world agriculture", more than a hundred lectures on genetics. While on death row, Vavilov wrote: “Having extensive experience and knowledge in the development of crop production, I would be happy to give myself completely to my Motherland.” He died of starvation in 1943 in the Saratov prison...

Teacher: Examples true patriotism you can continue...

Presentation. Slide number 7.

My village above the sky is clear
Do you remember the terrible battles?
Under the blue, under the obelisk
Your defenders are lying.

72 soldiers of the Soviet Army died a heroic death in January 1943, freeing Livenka from the fascist invaders. These are soldiers and officers of the 48th Guards Red Banner Orders of Suvorov and Kutuzov of the Krivoy Rog Rifle Division.

Presentation. Slide #8.

On all fronts of the Great Patriotic War, about 2,500 Liven soldiers fought. 613 did not return.

Student: We can read about the exploits of Russian people in books, ask veterans, or visit a museum.

Presentation. Slide number 9. There is a museum in our village. The main direction of our museum's work is military-patriotic. Most of the expositions are related to the military exploits of fellow countrymen and the military period in the history of the village.

Presentation. Slide number 10. From the archives of the museum: “We have before us a photograph of Ivan Ivanovich Ponamarev, a former sailor of the Northern Fleet. After being wounded, he was assigned to an infantry division. I didn’t think, I didn’t guess that he would have to be the first, before the advanced units, with the joyful news of the imminent liberation, to enter his native village. And it happened like this. The three of us went to investigate. The commander of the Drobyazko group, who knew very well German, radio business, charter of the fascist army. Checkered German raincoats with deep hoods hid soldier earflaps and gray overcoats from prying eyes. And here is the native village of Livenka. The house where I was born and raised. Only the sailor did not recognize him at once. The night is dark. And from a distance it seems that the house is uninhabited. The windows are lined with bags. Come closer, knock. For a long time no one opened. Finally the bolts rattled and the door opened. We met him with concern. They did not recognize the voice, and a small kaganets made from a cartridge case illuminated only a small circle of the table. German raincoats aroused suspicion and fear.

Father, answer. It's me - your son Ivan!

I didn’t die, dad, I’m alive, here I am.

Shuffling steps were heard, the father, screwing up his eyes, went up to the speaker, ran his hand along his cheek and said:

Right! Ivan, the mole is in place. But suddenly he frowned:

So what are you? Sold to the Germans? he raised his voice.

No, dad, we are our own, Soviet. We have a task.

Well, if so, it means a son! - Father said still warily.

And only in the morning, when, at the signal of the scouts, the advancing troops captured the Palatovka station and liberated Livenka, did the father believe that his son Ivan, a sailor from the North Sea, was alive.

For his military career, Ivan Ivanovich was awarded by the government 9 medals, among them: the medal "For Military Merit" and the medal "For the Defense of Stalingrad", as well as the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War 2nd degree.

Now our countryman is not with us, but we cannot forget about his role in the liberation of the village. Indeed, it is thanks to the skillful actions of the reconnaissance group Soviet troops knocked out the enemy from the village with the least losses. And we must not forget our countrymen.

The poet B. Kovtun has these lines:

We are not satisfied with bread alone!
And if there is emptiness in the soul -
We will also be forgotten
There will be no cross over us.

Teacher: Memory, memory, memory... it is like bonfires in the snow, which sanctify and sanctify, warming the hearts of the older generation, and beckoning young people who go out on their own roads.

Student: And who keeps this memory, who completes the material, is engaged in educational work? Can these people be considered patriots of their small homeland? Who are they? To understand this, we invited the director of the museum, Alexander Vasilyevich Kononov, to our meeting. (Speech by the director of the museum Kononov A.V.)

Presentation. Slide number 11, 12. photos of history teachers - founders of the museum.

Student: Let's stop at the stand "Warriors - Internationalists". In one of the photographs, my father is Sergey Fedorovich Kirillov. He performed his military duty in Afghanistan. I turned to him with a question: “Dad, what do you think, serving in the Army is patriotism. Indeed, today many young people, having received a diploma of higher education and finding a decent job, do not want to serve in the Army? There are, of course, those who are simply afraid that they might return from there disabled. Do you think they are not patriots? - (video or possible presence of the participant at the class hour)

Student: our group addressed the head of the cadet class, Sergei Dmitrievich Adamov, with the same question. Here are his thoughts:

“In my opinion, military service is not an ideal indicator of patriotism. By patriotism, I mean the activity of a person for the good of the Motherland, regardless of profession or position. How effectively it works depends on the activity of the entire state. Therefore, patriotism is the full-blooded return of human activity for the benefit of its people and state. History knows the confirmation of this. Take, for example, the people's militia during the Great Patriotic War. Some of the people from its composition were not military personnel at all, but this did not prevent them from showing unprecedented courage and heroism. Is this not a manifestation of patriotism?

And those who work in the rear for 20-22 hours a day, giving the front much-needed ammunition, medicines, uniforms. Peasants swollen with hunger, but supplying food to the front.

They did not serve in the army, they were not military personnel, but how can you blame them for the lack of patriotism?

Therefore, if a young man has received a diploma of higher education, works with full dedication for people, he can be considered a patriot for his country. Even if he did not serve in the army, the language will not turn to accuse him of lack of patriotism.

Another thing is the defense of the Motherland. In this case, military service is indeed the main component of the patriotic education of a person. The young man must overcome the fear of the army, and the state must take care of this - not allowing "hazing". And they can make a disabled person on the street or in the alley. So why don't we go out now?"

I think that at a crucial moment for their homeland, every citizen should stand up for his people and state. For his effective protection, the young man must complete military service. Here the state must take a tough stance. And in this case, refusal to serve can indeed be seen as a lack of patriotism.”

Let's make an associative series

"Patriot, who is he?"

1. Everyone who loves the place where he was born and raised
2. The one who loves and does not forget his mother, his home
3. Who proudly realizes that there is no better country on Earth than ours.
4. The nature of Russia is fabulously rich. The one who not only loves, but also protects nature.
5. Ready to defend the Fatherland
6. Defends the prestige of his country
7. Knows state symbols
8. I am ready to give all my strength and abilities to my homeland
9. A patriot is one who decorates the Motherland with his labor
10. Builds his future, linking it only with his fatherland
11. Knows his native language
12. He knows the history of his country, is proud of his ancestors.

Teacher:

Patriots are not born, they are made. And no matter how much anyone talks about patriotism, all these are words. Truth in the soul. As Sergei Yesenin said, “Let us be poor, let us be cold, hungry, but we have a soul, we’ll add from ourselves - the Russian soul.” It was with such thoughts that the anthem of our small homeland"Livensky waltz" by our compatriot Nadezhda Andreevna Bityutskaya (students sing a song).

Poltinin D., Shalatov M.:

What does it mean today to be a patriot?

To be a patriot means to be the master of your country, not a guest. In case of danger, be able to protect her, carefully handle her gifts. A patriot in my understanding is a person who works and is socially active, builds his future, linking it only with his Fatherland. He will do much more than a person who is ready to defend the prestige of the country in words. This is much more difficult than just talking about love for the Motherland, let's look at Dahl's explanatory dictionary: "A patriot is one who loves his fatherland, is devoted to his people, is ready for sacrifices and deeds in the name of the interests of his Motherland." Modern life differs from previous eras in a frantic rhythm, individualism, and the value of material goods. And at the same time, she leaves room for a feat. To be a patriot or not depends on the person himself. Anyone who does good deeds from the heart can become a hero. After all, great heroism is born from small deeds. To be a patriot, in my opinion, means "do not litter in the forest." Do not call the Russian Federation "this country". Cheer for your team at the World Cup. To support in conflict situations the actions of our, not foreign, politicians. And, of course, to refrain from sophisticated swearing and sour sarcasm against our state. From my point of view, patriotism begins when you realize that for some reason you need this country, and not in the form of ruins and poverty, but in the form of a place of residence (if possible comfortable) of your relatives, relatives, acquaintances, people of the same you nationality, with common historical roots. When you realize that your ancestors lie in this land, who cultivated it and for which they fought, which fed them and which accepted them. And when you realize that you want to lie in the same land, you want this land to feed and raise your descendants. It doesn’t matter how you came to this - through a logical realization that it cannot be otherwise, or exclusively emotionally (when you once again come to your favorite forest for mushrooms and see a clearing in the place of the forest). And when this feeling becomes unconscious, when you are ready to take a machine gun and go to defend your house, knowing perfectly well the futility of this step and realizing that you have no chance of surviving - at this stage you can talk about patriotism.

What is the manifestation of patriotism today?

If we proceed from the generally accepted that patriotism is love for the Motherland, then it is necessary to determine what is invested in the concept of "Motherland". I believe that the Motherland is a place in whose fate a person experiences spiritual involvement. The motherland is the native expanses and the paternal home. But it is also something more than a locality or place of residence. First of all, the Motherland is people. From this it becomes clear that heroism for the good of the Motherland is aimed at the good of people and, first of all, loved ones. For a Russian person, the Motherland has always been holy and revered, and they defended it as a shrine. It is in this understanding of the Motherland, in my opinion, that patriotism originates. At the same time, patriotism is not just love for the motherland. This is the readiness to overcome any trials with the country (to protect it from enemies, to raise it from ruins, to defend the honor and rights of the state on the world stage), respect for one's history and traditions, the desire to serve the interests of the country by one's actions (benefit, take responsibility, work for the good of the Motherland for themselves, loved ones, Russians ...). Patriotism implies not only a sense of pride in the country, but also a willingness to be with it in Hard time. I asked my friends the question: "What is patriotism and your heroes today." The answers basically boiled down to the fact that patriotism is love for the Motherland. About 5% of the respondents could not define the concept of "patriotism" at all. Asked to list famous heroes most often called the heroes of the Great Patriotic War. When asked if there are heroes in the 21st century, many said that there are none. Those who agreed with the statement that there are still heroes cited only one or two names. The great military and labor past of our country knows many heroes: Matrosov, Panikakha, Suvorov, Nakhimov, Stakhanov, Sakharov, Zhukov, Kutuzov, Ushakov and many others. These people once glorified our country on the world stage. Their heroism is immortal. At the same time, we, the generation that grew up in the 21st century, should know that modernity also provides examples of the manifestation of patriotism. Who are the modern patriots and heroes? My list of heroes is long, I will name only a few whose exploits I especially remember. The undisputed heroes of our time are the officers and soldiers of the 6th company of the 2nd battalion of the 104th Guards Airborne Regiment of the 76th (Pskov) Airborne Division, who on February 29 - March 1, 2000 engaged in battle with a much larger detachment of Chechen militants led by Khattab, near Argun in Chechnya, at an altitude of 776 - Lieutenant Colonel M. N. Evtyukhin, Major S. G. Molodov, Captain V. V. Romanov, Senior Lieutenant A. M. Kolgatin, Lieutenant A. V. Vorobyov, lieutenant D.S. Kozhemyakin, privates Alexander Suponinsky, Andrey Porshnev and many others. Leonid Mikhailovich Roshal (born in 1933) - Soviet and Russian pediatrician and surgeon, doctor of medical sciences, professor, public figure, director of the Moscow Research Institute of Emergency Children's Surgery and Traumatology, "Children's Doctor of the World" (1996), expert of the World Health Organization.

All the participants in the hostilities in Chechnya, the liquidators of the Chernobyl disaster, flood rescuers and many, many other people who save others without sparing their own lives.

Patriotism is permanent job mind and soul, love and respect for elders.

Lekanskaya D.:

There is no single measure for patriotism. For everyone - he is his own. Some say that patriotism means that we should be ruled only by people like us, of our nationality (but is it always the best option?). Others believe that a person who always firmly defends national interests should rule (are you sure that national, and not personal?). Personally, I prefer a different approach. Patriotism is when you not only "cheer" for the country, but when you realize what is happening to the country and act, albeit to the detriment of yourself and the current situation / generation, but in the interests of future generations. Moreover, the “interest of future generations” is both the support of today's youth and concern for the elderly as carriers of folk traditions, as a connection between generations, as a moral face of society, and concern for natural resources, economic, scientific and military potential of their country. Patriotism cannot be measured by the number of speeches for anything or the loudness of the cry, as well as the number of returns "from there". Patriotism can only be measured by specific deeds - how many factories you have built, how many people you have given jobs, how much you have prevented the export of raw materials (generational wealth) from the country, and what part of these resources (as a measure to prevent export) you have turned into high-tech products with high added value due to technology and labor of citizens, how much taxes you paid, how many talented fellow citizens you helped, how many orphanages you supported and how many orphans you helped find a family, how many teenagers you gave the opportunity to go to study / work instead of “wandering the streets” and sit down on drugs, how many villages you saved from extinction and returned young people there, how many wild animals live in the forest or reserve closest to you, how you financed national science, art, mass sports, how many streets in your city you helped to make clean, lit, ... And love ... They love the street, not the dirt on it, and if they do, they will make efforts to make it clean and pleasing to the eye.

Mishin A.:

We were all born in the same country, we live and grow here. We all study the history of our country, we are proud of it. But the most wonderful thing is when our souls are filled with a special feeling fixed for centuries and millennia - patriotism. What is the manifestation of patriotism? It manifests itself: in love for one's Fatherland, in pride for one's people, in love for the culture of one's people. In love for his small Motherland, where he was born and spent the first years of his life; in the desire for the prosperity of their Motherland, in activities for the good of the Motherland, in readiness to protect and protect their country, in respect for the veteran defenders of the Motherland, heroic deeds their ancestors. It is impossible to teach patriotism, as they teach mathematics and physics. The feeling of the Motherland is not memorizing a list of rules and regulations. This is the air we breathe. The sun we see. The house where we live. The feeling of the Motherland permeates our whole life. Modern life with its transience makes us think about our attitude to the Motherland - the most sacred thing that a person has. I live in Russia. The history of my fatherland is rich in examples of great victories and glory, adversity and suffering. Clever and courageous people worked for the good and good of my country. Their work brings glory to Russia. This is my homeland. Its expanses are beautiful and immense. I am proud of my country, its past and present.