Answer from PN Crymer[guru]
In the novel "War and Peace" the author shows the fifteen-year layer of life of many people during the period of great upheavals and changes in Russia. Along with the depiction of grandiose historical events, with the philosophical reflections of the author, considerable attention in the novel is given to the family as the basis of the foundations. In the center of the novel are two main families: the Rostovs and the Bolkonskys. The first time the Rostov family meets at the name day of the countess. You can immediately notice here an atmosphere of cordiality, love and goodwill, since "there is an air of love in the Rostovs' house." The Count and Countess are kind and simple people who are open to children with all their heart and soul. They welcome everyone who comes to them. Living in a house where peace, mutual understanding and respect reign is happiness. In the family, everyone is frank with each other: they sincerely have fun and cry, together they experience life's dramas. All children feel parental tenderness and affection. Natasha is a sincere, selfless, charming girl, ready to love the whole world. The youngest son Petya is kind, honest and childishly naive. Sonya is a tender and sensitive girl. Despite the fact that she is not her own daughter in this house, she is comfortable here, because she is just as reverently loved as other children. This family is truly an amazing world, although it is far from complete harmony. The strange, cold and selfish behavior of the eldest daughter Vera does not fit in with the situation in the family. “The countess has done something,” says the father. According to the novel, one can understand that in her youth, Countess Rostova was friends with Princess Drubetskaya. And it is her influence that is felt in the upbringing of Vera, because she also raised her son Boris as selfish. Apparently, the mother raised her first child the way the world demanded. All members of the Rostov family are unusually close to each other. Even the courtyard people Tikhon, Prokofy, Praskovya Savvshna are very devoted to this family. But Tolstoy also shows us this family in the difficult moments of their lives, when their fates are closely intertwined with the fates of thousands of Russian noble families during the war of 1812. Until the last minute, the Rostovs remain in Moscow. But there comes a time when you need to make a decision: to go or stay. The Rostovs decide to leave. But the wounded remain in the house, the people who defended the city. And the question arises: whether to help them and go bankrupt. Natasha's intervention solves the problem. The Rostovs leave without things, taking with them only the most necessary things, and give away the carts for the wounded. A slightly different picture is presented by the Bolkonsky family. Tolstoy showed three generations of this family: Prince Nikolai Andreevich, his children - Andrei and Marya, and grandson Nikolenka. From generation to generation, such qualities as a sense of duty, the concept of honor, nobility, and patriotism were passed on in this family. But this family is built on a different foundation than the Rostov family. Reason reigns here, not feeling. The old Prince Bolkonsky, who believes that in the world "there are only two virtues - activity and mind", always follows his convictions. He is constantly working: either writing a new military charter, or working on a machine tool, or studying with his daughter. These features are also inherent in his son, Prince Andrei. The desire to benefit people makes Prince Andrei participate in work with Speransky, lead changes in the village and constantly look for his place in life. From his father, a participant in Suvorov's campaigns, Prince Andrei inherited the spirit of patriotism. The elder Bolkonsky, having learned about Napoleon's campaign against Moscow, wants to help his country in some way. He becomes the commander-in-chief of the militia and gives himself to this cause with all his heart. Andrei's love for the Motherland and life are merged into one, he wants to accomplish a feat in the name of Russia. And we can say that he succeeded. Princess Mary's relationship with her father is different. Nikolai Andreevich loved his daughter very much, but he hid his feelings in every possible way, sometimes treating her too harshly. Marya suffered greatly from this attitude.

Thinking about family values ​​(based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace")

Family is one of the greatest values ​​in the life of every person. Family members value each other and see in close people the joy of life, support, hope for the future. This is provided that the family has the right moral attitudes and concepts. The material values ​​of the family are accumulated over the years, and the spiritual values, reflecting the emotional world of people, are associated with their heredity, upbringing, and environment.

In the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" in the center of the story are three families - the Kuragins, the Bolkonskys, the Rostovs.

In each family, the head of the family sets the tone, and he passes on to his children not only character traits, but also his moral essence, life commandments, concepts of values ​​- those that reflect the aspirations, inclinations, goals of both older and younger family members.

The Kuragin family is one of the well-known in the highest circles of St. Petersburg. Prince Vasily Kuragin, an insincere and narrow-minded person, nevertheless managed to build the most advantageous position for his son and daughter: for Anatole - a successful career, for Helen - marriage to one of the richest people in Russia.

When the soulless handsome Anatole is talking with the old prince Bolkonsky, he can hardly restrain himself from laughing. Both the prince himself and the old man’s words that he, the young Kuragin, must serve “the king and the fatherland” seem “eccentric” to him. It turns out that the regiment, to which Anatole is “ranked”, has already set out, and Anatole will not be “in action”, which does not bother the secular rake at all. "What am I, dad?" - he cynically asks his father, and this causes the anger and contempt of the old Bolkonsky, a retired general-in-chief, a man of duty and honor.

Helen is the wife of the smartest, but extremely naive and kind Pierre Bezukhov. When Pierre's father dies, Prince Vasily, the elder Kuragin, builds a dishonorable and vile plan, according to which the illegitimate son of Count Bezukhov could not receive either an inheritance or a count's title. However, the intrigue of Prince Vasily failed, and with his pressure, cynicism and cunning, he almost by force unites the good Pierre and his daughter Helen by marriage. Pierre is struck by the fact that in the eyes of the world Helen was very smart, but only he knew how stupid, vulgar and depraved she was.

Both the father and young Kuragins are predators. One of their family values ​​is the ability to invade someone else's life and break it for the sake of their own selfish interests.

Material benefits, the ability to appear, but not to be - these are their priorities. But the law works, according to which "... there is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth." Life takes revenge on them terribly: Anatole's leg is amputated on the Borodin field (he still had to "serve"); early, in the prime of youth and beauty, Helen Bezukhova dies.

The Bolkonsky family is from a noble, well-known family in Russia, rich and influential. Old Bolkonsky, a man of honor, saw one of the most important family values ​​​​in how much his son would fulfill one of the main commandments - to be, not to seem; correspond to the family status; do not exchange life for immoral deeds and base goals.

And Andrey, a purely military man, does not linger in the adjutants of the "highest", Kutuzov, since this is a "servant position." He is at the forefront, in the center of the battles at Shengraben, in the events at Austerlitz, on the Borodino field. Uncompromisingness and even rigidity of character make Prince Andrei a person who is extremely difficult for those around him. He does not forgive people for their weaknesses, as he is demanding of himself. But gradually, over the years, wisdom and other life assessments come to Bolkonsky. In the first war with Napoleon, he, being a well-known person at the headquarters of Kutuzov, could cordially meet the unknown Drubetskoy, who was looking for the patronage of influential people. At the same time, Andrei could afford to treat the request of a military general, a distinguished person, casually and even with contempt.

In the events of 1812, the young Bolkonsky, who suffered a lot and understood a lot in life, serves in the army. He, the colonel, is the commander of the regiment both in thoughts and in the way of actions, together with his subordinates. He takes part in the inglorious and bloody battle near Smolensk, goes on a difficult road of retreat, and in the battle of Borodino receives a wound that has become fatal. It should be noted that at the beginning of the 1812 campaign, Bolkonsky "lost himself forever in the court world, not asking to stay with the person of the sovereign, but asking for permission to serve in the army."

The good spirit of the Bolkonsky family is Princess Marya, who, with her patience and forgiveness, concentrates in herself the idea of ​​​​love and kindness.

The Rostov family are the favorite heroes of L.N. Tolstoy, which embody the features of the Russian national character.

Old Count Rostov with his extravagance and generosity, Natasha who is carried away with a constant readiness to love and be loved, Nikolai, who sacrifices the well-being of the family, defending the honor of Denisov and Sonya - they all make mistakes that cost them and their loved ones dearly.

But they are always faithful to "good and truth", they are honest, they live in the joys and misfortunes of their people. For the whole family, these are the highest values.

Young Petya Rostov was killed in the first battle without firing a single shot; At first glance, his death is absurd and accidental. But the meaning of this fact is that the young man does not spare his life in the name of the king and fatherland in the highest and heroic sense of these words.

The Rostovs are finally ruined, leaving their property in Moscow captured by the enemies. Natasha proves with all her fervor that saving the unfortunate wounded is much more important than saving the family's material values.

The old count is proud of his daughter, the impulse of her beautiful, bright soul.

On the last pages of the novel, Pierre, Nikolai, Natasha, Marya are happy in the families they have built; they love and are loved, they firmly stand on the ground and enjoy life.

In conclusion, we can say that the highest family values ​​for Tolstoy's favorite heroes are the purity of their thoughts, high morality, and love for the world.

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“War and Peace” is a Russian national epic, which reflects the national character of the Russian people at the moment when their historical fate was being decided. L.N. Tolstoy worked on the novel for almost six years: from 1863 to 1869. From the very beginning of work on the work, the writer's attention was attracted not only by historical events, but also by the private, family life of the characters. Tolstoy believed that the family is a cell of the world, in which the spirit of mutual understanding, naturalness and closeness to the people should reign.

The novel "War and Peace" describes the life of several noble families: Rostovs, Bolkonskys and Kuragins.

The Rostov family is an ideal harmonious whole, where the heart prevails over the mind. Love binds all family members. It manifests itself in sensitivity, attention, cordial closeness. With the Rostovs, everything is sincere, comes from the heart. Cordiality, hospitality, hospitality reign in this family, the traditions and customs of Russian life are preserved.

Parents raised their children, giving them all their love, They can understand, forgive and help. For example, when Nikolenka Rostov lost a huge amount of money to Dolokhov, he did not hear a word of reproach from his father and was able to pay the card debt.

The children of this family have absorbed all the best qualities of the “Rostov breed”. Natasha is the personification of cordial sensitivity, poetry, musicality and intuitiveness. She knows how to enjoy life and people like a child.

The life of the heart, honesty, naturalness, moral purity and decency determine their relationships in the family and behavior in the circle of people.

Unlike the Rostovs, the Bolkonskys live by reason, not by heart. This is an old aristocratic family. In addition to blood ties, the members of this family are also connected by spiritual closeness.

At first glance, relations in this family are difficult, devoid of cordiality. However, internally these people are close to each other. They are not inclined to show their feelings.

The old prince Bolkonsky embodies the best features of the service (nobility, devoted to the one to whom he “sworn.” The concept of honor and duty of an officer came first for him. He served under Catherine II, participated in the campaigns of Suvorov. He considered the main virtues to be mind and activity ", and vices - laziness and idleness. The life of Nikolai Andreevich Bolkonsky is continuous activity. He either writes memoirs about past campaigns, or manages the estate. Prince Andrei Bolkonsky greatly respects and honors his father, who was able to instill in him a high concept of honor. " Your road is the road of honor," he says to his son. And Prince Andrei fulfills his father's parting words during the campaign of 1806, in the battles of Shengraben and Austerlitz, and during the war of 1812.

Marya Bolkonskaya loves her father and brother very much. She is ready to give all of herself for the sake of her loved ones. Princess Mary completely obeys the will of her father. His word for her is law. At first glance, she seems weak and indecisive, but at the right moment she shows firmness of will and fortitude. roman tolstoy family national

Both the Rostovs and the Bolkonskys are patriots, their feelings were especially pronounced during the Patriotic War of 1812. They express the national spirit of war. Prince Nikolai Andreevich is dying because his heart could not stand the shame of the retreat of the Russian troops and the surrender of Smolensk. Marya Bolkonskaya rejects the French general's offer of patronage and leaves Bogucharov. The Rostovs give their carts to the soldiers wounded on the Borodino field and pay the dearest - the death of Petya.

Another family is shown in the novel. These are Kuragins. The members of this family appear before us in all their insignificance, vulgarity, heartlessness, greed, immorality. They use people to achieve their selfish goals. The family is devoid of spirituality. For Helen and Anatole, the main thing in life is the satisfaction of their base desires. They are completely cut off from the life of the people, they live in a brilliant, but cold light, where all feelings are perverted. During the war, they lead the same salon life, talking about patriotism.

In the epilogue of the novel, two more families are shown. These are the Bezukhov family (Pierre and Natasha), which embodied the author's ideal of a family based on mutual understanding and trust, and the Rostov family - Marya and Nikolai. Marya brought kindness and tenderness, high spirituality into the Rostov family, and Nikolai shows spiritual kindness in relation to the closest people.

Showing different families in his novel, Tolstoy wanted to say that the future belongs to such families as the Rostovs, Bezukhovs, Bolkonskys.

The theme of the family in the novel by L. N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

In the novel “War and Peace”, L. N. Tolstoy singled out and considered “folk thought” to be more significant. It is most clearly expressed in those parts of the work that tell about the war. In the depiction of the “world”, the “family thought” prevails, which also plays a very important role in the novel, because the family is thought of by the author as the foundation of the foundations. The novel is built as a story of families. Family members inherit the traits of the breed. The family, according to Tolstoy, should be strengthened, because through the family a person joins the people.

Three families stand at the center of the novel: the Rostovs, the Bolkonskys, and the Kuragins. Many of the events described in the novel are shown by Tolstoy through the history of these families.

The patriarchal Rostov family arouses special sympathy for the author. For the first time we meet with its members at the name day of Countess Rostova. The first thing that is felt here is the atmosphere of love and kindness. "Love air" reigns in this family.

The elder Rostovs are simple and kind people. They are glad to everyone who enters their house, and do not judge a person by the amount of money. Their daughter Natasha conquers with her sincerity, and the youngest son Petya is a kind and childishly naive boy. Here parents understand their children, and children sincerely love their parents. Together they experience troubles and joys. Getting acquainted with them, the reader understands that this is where real happiness lies. Therefore, Sonya feels good in the Rostovs' house. Although she is not their own daughter, they love her like their children.

Even courtyard people: Tikhon, Praskovya Savishna - are full members of this family. They love and respect their masters, live with their problems and worries.

Only Vera - the eldest daughter of the Rostovs - does not fit into the overall picture. He is a cold and selfish person. “The countess has done something,” says Father Rostov, speaking of Vera. Apparently, the influence of Princess Drubetskaya, who used to be the best friend of Countess Rostova, affected the upbringing of the eldest daughter. And, indeed, Vera is much more like the son of Countess Boris Drubetskoy than, for example, her sister Natasha.

Tolstoy shows this family not only in joy, but also in grief. They remain in Moscow until the last minute, although Napoleon is advancing on the city. When they finally decide to leave, they face the question of what to do - leave things, despite the value of many of them, and give carts to the wounded or leave without thinking about other people. Natasha solves the problem. She says, or rather, screams with a distorted face, that it is a shame to leave the wounded to the enemy. Not a single thing, even the most valuable thing, can equal a person's life. Rostovs leave without things, And we understand that such a decision is natural for this family. They just couldn't have done otherwise.

Another appears in the novel, the Bolkonsky family. Tolstoy shows three generations of the Bolkonskys: the old Prince Nikolai Andreevich, his children - Prince Anrey and Princess Marya - and grandson Nikolenka. In the Bolkonsky family, from generation to generation they brought up such qualities as a sense of duty, patriotism, and nobility.

If the basis of the Rostov family is a feeling, then the defining line of the Bolkonskys is the mind. The old prince Bolkonsky is firmly convinced that there are "only two virtues in the world - activity and intelligence." He is a man who always follows his convictions. He works himself (sometimes he writes a military charter, then he studies the exact sciences with his daughter) and demands that the children not be lazy either. In the character of Prince Anrey, many features of his father's nature are preserved. He is also trying to find his way in life, to be useful to his country. It is the desire to work that leads him to work in the Speransky commission. Young Bolkonsky is a patriot, like his father. The old prince, having learned that Napoleon is going to Moscow, forgets his previous grievances and actively participates in the militia. Andrei, having lost faith in his "Toulon" under the sky of Austerlitz, promises himself not to take any more part in military campaigns. But during the war of 1812, he defends his homeland and dies for it.

If in the Rostov family the relationship between children and parents is friendly and trusting, then with the Bolognas, at first glance, the situation is different. The old prince also sincerely loves Andrei and Marya. He worries about them. He notices, for example, that Andrei does not love his wife Liza. Having told his son about this, although he sympathizes with him, he immediately reminds him of his duty to his wife and family. The very type of relationship with the Bolkonskys is different than that of the Rostovs. The prince hides his feelings for the children. So, for example, with Marya he is always strict and sometimes speaks rudely to her. He reproaches his daughter for her inability to solve mathematical problems, sharply and directly tells her that she is ugly. Princess Mary suffered from such an attitude on the part of her father, because he diligently hid his love in her in the depths of his soul. Only before his death, the old prince realizes how dear his daughter is to him. In the last minutes of his life, he felt an inner kinship with her.

Marya is a special person in the Bolkonsky family. Despite a harsh upbringing, she did not harden. She loves her father, brother and nephew immensely. Moreover, she is ready to sacrifice herself for them, to give everything she has.

The third generation of the Bolkonskys is the son of Prince Andrei Nikolenka. In the epilogue of the novel, we see him as a child. But the author shows that he listens attentively to adults, some kind of work of the mind is going on in him. And, therefore, in this generation the precepts of the Bolkonskys about the active mind will not be forgotten.

A completely different type of family is the Kuragin family. They bring only trouble to Bolkonsky and Rostov. The head of the family - Prince Vasily - is a false and deceitful person. He lives in an atmosphere of intrigue and gossip. One of the main features of his character is greed. He also marries his daughter Helen to Pierre Bezukhov, because he is rich. The most important thing for Prince Kuragin in life is money. For their sake, he is ready to go to the crime.

The children of Prince Vasily are no better than their father. Pierre rightly remarks that they have such a "vile breed." Helen, unlike Princess Mary, is beautiful. But her beauty is outward brilliance. In Helen there is no spontaneity and openness of Natasha.

Helen is empty, selfish and deceitful in her soul. Marrying her nearly ruins Pierre's life. Pierre Bezukhov was convinced from his own experience that external beauty is not always the key to internal beauty and family happiness. A bitter feeling of disappointment, gloomy despondency, contempt for his wife, for life, for himself seized him some time after the wedding, when Helen's "mysteriousness" turned into spiritual emptiness, stupidity and depravity. Without thinking about anything, Helen arranges an affair between Anatole and Natasha Rostova. Anatole Kuragin - Helen's brother - causes a gap between Natasha and Andrei Bolkonsky. He, like his sister, is used to indulging his whims in everything, and therefore the fate of the girl he was going to take away from home does not bother him.

The Kuragin family is opposed to the Rostov and Bolkonsky families. On the pages of the novel, we see its degradation and destruction. As for the Bolkonskys and Rostovs, Tolstoy rewards them with family happiness. They experienced many troubles and difficulties, but managed to keep the best that was in them - honesty, sincerity, kindness. In the finale, we see the happy family of Natasha and Pierre, built with love and respect for each other. Natasha internally merged with Pierre, did not leave in her duo "not a single corner not open for him."

Moreover, Tolstoy combines the Rostovs and Bolognas into one family. The family of Nikolai Rostov and Princess Marya combines the best features of these families. Nikolai Rostov loves his wife and admires "her sincerity, before that sublime and moral world, almost inaccessible to him, in which his wife lived." And Marya sincerely loves her husband, who "will never understand everything that she understands," and this makes her love him even more.

The fate of Nikolai Rostov and Princess Marya was not easy. Quiet, meek, ugly in appearance, but beautiful in soul, the princess during the life of her father did not hope to get married and have children. The only one who wooed her, and even then for the sake of a dowry, Anatole Kuragin, of course, could not understand her high spirituality, moral beauty.

A chance meeting with Rostov, his noble deed, awakened in Marya an unfamiliar, exciting feeling. Her soul guessed in him "a noble, firm, selfless soul." Each meeting more and more revealed each other to them, connected them. The awkward, shy princess was transformed, becoming graceful and almost beautiful. Nikolai admired the beautiful soul that opened up to him and felt that Marya was higher than himself and Sonechka, whom he seemed to love before, but which remained “an empty flower”. Her soul did not live, did not make mistakes and did not suffer, and, according to Tolstoy, did not "deserve" family happiness.

These new happy families did not come about by chance. They are the result of the unity of the entire Russian people, which took place during the Patriotic War of 1812. The year 1812 changed a lot in Russia, in particular, removed some class prejudices and gave a new level of human relations.

Tolstoy has favorite heroes and favorite families, where, perhaps, serene calm does not always reign, but where people live in "peace", that is, together, together, supporting each other. Only those who are high spiritually have, according to the writer, the right to real family happiness.

The grain grows clear in the FAMILY,
A person grows up in a FAMILY.
And everything that then gains,
It does not come to him from outside.

A family is not only related by blood.

In the novel "War and Peace" by Leo Tolstoy, the family fulfills its high true purpose. The formation of a person's personality largely depends on the family in which he grows up. As Sukhomlinsky said, the family is the primary environment where a person must learn to do good. However, in the world there is not only good, but also evil in opposition to it. There are families connected only by surname. Its members have nothing in common with each other. But it’s interesting, who will become a person whose personality was formed in an atmosphere of indifference and lack of affection? Three families - the Bolkonskys, the Kuragins and the Rostovs - seem to be the same good and evil. On their example, you can consider in detail all that family and human that only happens in the world. And by bringing them together, get the ideal.

Representatives of the older generation are completely different from each other. Considering idleness and superstition as vices, Bolkonsky's activity and mind as virtues. Hospitable, simple-hearted, simple, trusting, generous Natalia and Ilya Rostov. A very famous and quite influential person in society, holding an important court post Kuragin. There is nothing in common between them, except that they are all family people. They have completely different hobbies and values, a different motto under which they go along with their family (in the event that this family exists).

Relations between the older generation and children are presented differently. Having studied and compared this “quality”, one can confirm or dispute the term “family” that unites these people.

The Rostov family is filled with trust, purity and naturalness. Respect for each other, the desire to help without tedious notations, freedom and love, the absence of strict educational standards, loyalty to family relationships. All this includes a seemingly ideal family, the main thing in the relationship of which is love, life according to the laws of the heart. However, even such a family has vices, something that does not allow it to become a standard. Perhaps a little rigidity and strictness would not hurt the head of the family. The inability to manage the household led to ruin, and the blind love for children really turned a blind eye to the truth.

The Bolkonsky family is alien to the manifestation of sentimentality. The father is an indisputable authority, causing reverence from those around him. He himself studied with Mary, denying the norms of education in court circles. A father loves his children, and they honor and love him. They are connected by quivering feelings for each other, the desire to take care and protect. The main thing in the family is life according to the laws of the mind. Perhaps insufficient expression of feelings moves this family away from the ideal. Brought up in strictness, children wear masks, and only a certain tiny part of them radiates sincerity and enthusiasm.

Is it possible to call the Kuragin family? Their history does not carry the "ancestral poetry" that is characteristic of the Bolkonsky and Rostov families. The Kuragins are united only by kinship, they do not even perceive each other as close people. Children for Prince Vasily are only a burden. He treats them indifferently, wanting to fuse them quickly. After rumors about Helen's connection with Anatole, the prince, taking care of his name, alienated his son from himself. “Family” here is blood ties. Each member of the Kuragin family is used to loneliness and does not feel the need for the support of loved ones. Relationships are fake, hypocritical. This union is one big minus. The family itself is negative. It seems to me that this is the very “evil”. An example of a family that simply should not exist.

Family for me is a real little cult. A family is a house in which you want to stay forever, and people who love each other should become its foundation. The qualities of two families - the Rostovs and the Bolkonskys - I would like to embody in my family. Sincerity, care, understanding, love, feeling for a loved one, the ability to assess the situation and not idealize your children, the desire to raise a full-fledged personality - this is what a real family should be. The strictness and prudence of the Bolkonskys, the love and peace of the Rostovs - this is what can make a family truly happy.

The concept of family in the novel is described from all sides.