Creating a picture of the morning in a pine forest. The real story of the creation of the painting "Morning in a pine forest" (from the cycle "Vyatka - the birthplace of elephants")

It's amazing how the life of a work of art that came out from under the brush of a master can turn out. Canvas by I. Shishkin “Morning in pine forest"Everyone knows and mostly as a picture of" Three Bears ". The paradox also lies in the fact that four bears are depicted on the canvas, which were completed by the excellent genre painter K. A. Savitsky.

A bit from the biography of I. Shishkin

The future artist was born in Yelabuga in 1832, on January 13, in the family of a poor merchant who was fascinated by local history and archeology. He enthusiastically passed on his knowledge to his son. The boy stopped attending the Kazan gymnasium after the fifth grade, and all free time spent, drawing from life. Then he graduated not only from the School of Painting in Moscow, but also from the Academy in St. Petersburg. His talent as a landscape painter was quite determined by this time. The young artist, after a short trip abroad, left for his native places, where he painted nature untouched by the hand of man. He exhibited his new works at exhibitions of the Wanderers, amazing and delighting the audience with the almost photographic veracity of his canvases. But the painting “Three Bears”, written in 1889, became the most famous.

Friend and co-author Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky

K.A. Savitsky was born in Taganrog in the family of a military doctor in 1844. He graduated from the Academy in St. Petersburg and continued to improve his skills in Paris. When he returned, P. M. Tretyakov bought his first work for his collection. Since the 70s of the XIX century, the artist exhibited his most interesting genre works at exhibitions of the Wanderers. K. A. Savitsky quickly gained popularity among the general public. The author especially likes his canvas “Knows the Unclean”, which can now be seen in the State Tretyakov Gallery. Shishkin and Savitsky became friends so tightly that Ivan Ivanovich asked to become his friend godfather own son. On the mountain, both the boy died at the age of three. And then other tragedies swept over them. Both buried their wives. Shishkin, submitting to the will of the Creator, believed that troubles open an artistic gift in him. He also appreciated great talent from his friend. Therefore, it is not surprising that K.A. Savitsky became a co-author of the painting "Three Bears". Although Ivan Ivanovich himself was perfectly able to write animals.

"Three Bears": a description of the painting

Art critics honestly admit that they do not know the history of the painting. Her idea, the very idea of ​​the canvas, apparently arose while searching for nature on one of the large islands of Seliger Gorodomlya. Night recedes. Dawn breaks. The first rays of the sun make their way through the thick tree trunks and the fog rising from the lake. One powerful pine tree is uprooted from the ground and half broken and occupies the central part of the composition. Its fragment with a dried crown falls into the ravine on the right. It is not written, but its presence is felt. And what a wealth of colors the landscape painter used! The cool morning air is blue-green, slightly hazy and misty. The mood of awakening nature is conveyed by green, blue and sunny yellow colors. In the background, golden rays shimmer brightly in high crowns. In all the work one can feel the hand of I. Shishkin.

Meeting of two friends

Show new job Ivan Ivanovich wanted his friend. Savitsky came to the workshop. This is where the questions come in. Either Shishkin suggested that Konstantin Apollonovich add three bears to the picture, or Savitsky himself looked at it with a fresh look and made a proposal to introduce an animalistic element into it. This, of course, was to enliven the desert landscape. And so it was done. Savitsky very successfully, very organically inscribed four animals on a fallen tree. Well-fed funny bear cubs turned out like little children who frolic and explore the world under the supervision of a strict mother. He, like Ivan Ivanovich, signed on canvas. But when Shishkin's painting "Three Bears" came to P. M. Tretyakov, he, having paid the money, demanded that Savitsky's signature be washed off, since the main work was done by Ivan Ivanovich, and his style was undeniable. This can complete the description of Shishkin's painting "Three Bears". But this story has a "sweet" continuation.

confectionery factory

In the 70s years XIX For centuries, the enterprising Germans Einem and Geis built a confectionery factory in Moscow, which produced very high-quality sweets, cookies and other similar products. To increase sales, an advertising offer was invented: print reproductions of Russian paintings on wrappers, and on the back - brief information about the picture. It turned out both tasty and informative. Now it is not known when P. Tretyakov's permission was received to apply reproductions of paintings from his collection on sweets, but on one of the candy wrappers, which depicts the painting "Three Bears" by Shishkin, there is a year - 1896.

After the revolution, the factory expanded, and V. Mayakovsky was inspired and composed an advertisement that is printed on the side of the candy wrapper. She urged to save money in the savings bank in order to buy tasty, but expensive sweets. And up today in any chain store you can buy "Clumsy Bear", which is remembered by all sweet tooth as "Three Bears". The same name was assigned to the painting by I. Shishkin.

MOSCOW, January 25 - RIA Novosti, Victoria Salnikova. 185 years ago, on January 25, 1832, Ivan Shishkin was born, perhaps the most "popular" Russian artist.

AT Soviet time reproductions of his paintings hung in many apartments, and the famous bear cubs from the canvas "Morning in a Pine Forest" migrated to candy wrappers.

Paintings by Ivan Shishkin still live their own life, far from the museum space. What role did Vladimir Mayakovsky play in their history and how Shishkin's bears got on the wrappers of pre-revolutionary sweets - in the material of RIA Novosti.

"Get a Passbook!"

In Soviet times, the design of the wrapper did not change, but "Mishka" became the most expensive delicacy: in the 1920s, a kilogram of sweets was sold for four rubles. The candy even has a slogan: "If you want to eat "Mishka", get yourself a Passbook!". This phrase of the poet Vladimir Mayakovsky even began to be printed on wrappers.

Despite the high price, the delicacy was in demand among buyers: the artist and graphic artist Alexander Rodchenko even captured it on the Mosselprom building in Moscow in 1925.

In the 1950s, the Mishka kosolapy candy went to Brussels: the Krasny Oktyabr factory participated in the World Exhibition and received the highest award.

Art in every home

But the story of "Morning in a Pine Forest" was not limited to sweets. Others popular destination in Soviet times there were reproductions classical works art.

© Photo: Public Domain Ivan Shishkin. "Rye". Canvas, oil. 1878

Unlike oil paintings, they were cheap and sold in any bookstore, so they were available to almost every family. "Morning in a Pine Forest" and "Rye", one more popular painting Ivan Shishkin, adorned the walls of many Soviet apartments and dachas.

"Bears" also ended up on tapestries - a favorite detail of the interior of the Soviet people. For a century "Morning in a Pine Forest" has become one of the most recognizable paintings in Russia. True, a casual viewer is unlikely to immediately remember her real name.

In exchange for drugs

The work of Ivan Shishkin is popular with robbers and scammers. On January 25, employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Belarus discovered a work of art stolen in Russia in the car of drug couriers. The painting "Forest. Fir" in 1897 was stolen in 2013 from the Vyaznikovsky Historical and Art Museum in Vladimir region. According to preliminary information, drug couriers brought the canvas to Belarus at the request of a potential buyer from Europe. The cost of the painting can reach two million dollars, but the attackers planned to sell it for 100,000 euros and three kilograms of cocaine.

Last year, criminal investigation officers suspected a 57-year-old woman of stealing the painting "Preobrazhenskoye" in 1896. The woman received this work from a well-known collector for sale, however, according to investigators, she appropriated it.

In my distant childhood, the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” was not only known, but ardently loved by the Octobrists of both sexes. For the simple reason that it flaunted on the wrappers of wonderful waffle sweets with chocolate filling ...

At the vernissage once...

And here I am standing in the State Tretyakov Gallery face to face with the masterpiece of the esteemed Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Even the shadows of revelation, akin to the one that rolls, they say, when meeting with the original Mona Lisa, there is no trace. But this is not important, but it is a pleasure to look at the bears. Like relatives, mmm, dear, dear, I would have eaten it! The words of the guide are lulling: “Shishkin was a classic landscape painter. The painting Morning in a Pine Forest appeared from under his brush in 1889. It is believed that the artist painted it under the impression of a trip through the Vologda forests. It depicts a morning pine forest ... "

" Seriously? – wakes up in me irony. “I never would have guessed! And I always thought that the South American pampas!” And then it turns out that I hastened to mock the literalness of the speech of the gallery employee.

Initially, in the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest”, Shishkin wrote exactly the dense forest awakening from a night’s sleep (this is how the picture is often called erroneously - “Morning in pine forest”), and that’s all – no club-footed animals. And to be precise, our illustrious landscape painter never painted a family of bears at all! Precisely because a landscape painter. Leaves, twigs, centuries-old oaks - please, with photographic accuracy, this has become famous for centuries. Chanterelles, bunnies and other living creatures - thank you! I can't, I can't, I won't. Maximum - a cow, but it is completely inappropriate here. To each his own, Ivan Ivanovich rightly judged, and, reassuring himself, went on another walk through the forests, which he adored with all his heart ...

friend gift

However, the next day the forest landscape no longer seemed to the artist as perfect as the day before. For a long time he stood in front of the picture, meticulously peering into the details. Let's see and we: damp morning fog, the first gentle rays of the sun, the mighty trunks of centuries-old pines, the smell of pine needles - and we can almost distinguish it! But… Something is missing. The word is still such a modern one ... Ah, the dynamics! Life, that is. So Shishkin said to his friend in the art artel Savitsky, he even complained: it’s a masterpiece, they say, but not that! Konstantin Apollonovich was glad to help his friend as an artist to an artist: there are paints, a brush, and then a bear with three cubs was born. Unexpected turn? Where is the Mona Lisa with her indistinct smile. That’s where the laughter is and that’s all: imagine if Dostoevsky came to visit Turgenev and said: “Come on, my dear Vanya, I’ll help you, something, I see, you are in a creative stagnation!” - and would write with his own hand a chapter or two in the "Notes of a Hunter". And we, the readers, would admire Turgenev's style, not realizing that Fyodor Mikhailovich's pen creaked ...

There must be only one!

However, our heroes, as true friends, honestly put their signatures on the canvas “Morning in a Pine Forest”. Savitsky's autograph was later erased by the philanthropist, collector and creator of the future famous gallery Pavel Tretyakov. The reason remained a mystery, it seems like the “father” of the bears himself asked to do this out of reverence for Shishkin, the original creator of the picture. And, logically judging, why would a successful genre painter, “Nekrasov in painting”, present at exhibitions such paintings as “Repair work on railway”or“ To the war ”, the laurels of an animal painter? Or maybe the second signature was removed simply because duets are not accepted in painting ... One way or another, only Shishkin was paid the fee for the work, and then everyone showed himself by virtue of his natural essence. talking artistic language, the picture “How Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Konstantin Apollonovich” unfolded ...

Over the years, the history of creating a masterpiece from a candy wrapper has been transformed into a much more decent version: they say, Savitsky simply suggested to Shishkin the idea of ​​\u200b\u200b"throwing" bears on an already dried canvas, and he brilliantly embodied it, it was not in vain that he studied at the famous animal painting workshop in Munich. So they write in official books on the history of painting. We, ordinary viewers, with childish persistence confuse ourselves even more, exclaiming: “How, we know such a picture! "Three Bears" is called! I don’t remember the author, but the sweets were just class!

Everyone knows this picture, and its author, the great Russian landscape painter Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin, is also known. The name of the painting “Morning in a Pine Forest” is remembered worse, more often they say “Three Bears”, although there are actually four of them (however, the painting was originally called “Bear Family in the Forest”). The fact that the bears in the picture were painted by Shishkin's friend, the artist Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky, is known to an even narrower circle of art lovers, but is also not a secret with seven seals. But how the co-authors divided the fee, and why Savitsky's signature in the picture is almost indistinguishable, the story is bashfully silent about this.
The thing went something like this...

They say that Savitsky first saw Shishkin in the Artel of Artists. This Artel was both a workshop and a dining room, and something like a club where the problems of creativity were discussed. And then one day young Savitsky was having dinner at the Artel, and next to him some artist of a heroic physique kept joking, and between jokes he completed the drawing. To Savitsky, this approach to business seemed frivolous. When the artist began to erase the drawing with his rough fingers, Savitsky had no doubts that this a strange man now ruin all your work.

But the drawing is very good. Savitsky, out of excitement, forgot about dinner, and the hero went up to him and rumbled in a friendly bass voice that it was not good to eat badly, and that only someone with an excellent appetite and a cheerful disposition could cope with any work.

So they became friends: the young Savitsky and the already well-known, respected Artel Shishkin. Since then, they have met more than once, went to sketches together. Both were in love with the Russian forest and once started talking about how it would be nice to paint a large-scale canvas with bears. Savitsky allegedly said that he had painted bears for his son more than once and had already figured out how to depict them on a large canvas. And Shishkin seemed to smile slyly:

Why don't you come to me? I pulled one off...

The contraption turned out to be Morning in a Pine Forest. Only without bears. Savitsky was delighted. And Shishkin said that now it remains to work on the bears: there is, they say, a place for them on the canvas. And then Savitsky asked: “Let me!”, - and soon a bear family settled in the place indicated by Shishkin.

P.M. Tretyakov purchased this painting from I.I. Shishkin for 4 thousand rubles, when the signatures of K.A. Savitsky was not there yet. Having learned about such an impressive sum, Konstantin Apollonovich, who had seven shops, came to Ivan Ivanovich for his share. Shishkin suggested that he first fix his co-authorship by signing the picture, which was done. However, Tretyakov did not like this trick. After the transaction, he rightfully considered the paintings his property and did not allow any of the authors to touch them.

I bought a painting from Shishkin. Why else Savitsky? Give me some turpentine, - said Pavel Mikhailovich and erased Savitsky's signature with his own hand. He also paid money to one Shishkin.

Now Ivan Ivanovich was already offended, who reasonably considered the picture to be a completely independent work even without bears. Indeed, the landscape is charming. This is not just a deaf pine forest, but it is morning in the forest with its fog that has not yet dissipated, with the tops of huge pines that have slightly turned pink, cold shadows in the thickets. In addition, Shishkin drew the sketches of the bear family himself.

How the matter ended and how the artists divided the money is not known for certain, but only since then Shishkin and Savitsky have not painted pictures together.

And “Morning in a Pine Forest” gained wild popularity among the people, all the same, thanks to the figures of a she-bear and three cheerful cubs, so vividly written by Savitsky.

exposition

The picture is popular due to the entertaining plot. However true value works is a beautifully expressed state of nature, seen by the artist in Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Shown not deaf dense forest, a sunlight, breaking through the columns of giants. You can feel the depth of the ravines, the power of centuries-old trees. And the sunlight, as it were, timidly looks into this dense forest. The frolicking bear cubs feel the approach of morning. We are observers of wildlife and its inhabitants.

Story

Shishkin was prompted by Savitsky to suggest the idea for the painting. Bears wrote Savitsky in the picture itself. These bears, with some differences in posture and number (at first there were two of them), appear in preparatory drawings and sketches. The bears turned out so well for Savitsky that he even signed the painting together with Shishkin. However, when Tretyakov bought the painting, he removed Savitsky's signature, leaving the authorship to Shishkin. Indeed, in the picture, Tretyakov said, “starting from the idea and ending with the execution, everything speaks of the manner of painting, of creative method characteristic of Shishkin".

• Most Russians say this picture"Three Bears", despite the fact that in the picture there are not three, but four bears. This, apparently, is due to the fact that in the days of the USSR, grocery stores sold sweets "Bear-toed Bear" with a reproduction of this picture on a wrapper, which were popularly called "Three Bears".
• Another erroneous everyday name is “Morning in a Pine Forest” (tautology: a forest is a pine forest).

Notes

Literature

• Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin. Correspondence. A diary. Contemporaries about the artist / Comp. I. N. Shuvalova - L .: Art, Leningrad branch, 1978;
• Alenov M. A., Evangulova O. S., Livshits L. I. Russian art XI - early XX century. - M.: Art, 1989;
• Anisov L. Shishkin. - M .: Young Guard, 1991. - (Series: Life of wonderful people);
• State Russian Museum. Leningrad. Painting XII - early XX century. - M.: art, 1979;
• Dmitrienko A. F., Kuznetsova E. V., Petrova O. F., Fedorova N. A. 50 short biographies masters of Russian art. - Leningrad, 1971;
• Lyaskovskaya O. A. Plener in Russian painting XIX century. - M.: Art, 1966.

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See what "Morning in a Pine Forest" is in other dictionaries:

- MORNING IN THE PINE FOREST, Canada Latvia, BURRACUDA FILM PRODUCTION/ATENTAT KULTURE, 1998, color, 110 min. Documentary. About the creative self-expression of six young people, the search for mutual understanding through creativity. Their life is shown during ... ... Cinema Encyclopedia

MORNING IN A PINE FOREST- Painting by I.I. Shishkin. Created in 1889, located in the Tretyakov Gallery. Dimensions 139 × 213 cm. One of the most famous landscapes in the work of Shishkin depicts a dense impenetrable forest * middle lane Russia. In the thicket of the forest on fallen trees ... ... Linguistic Dictionary

Jarg. stud. First scheduled in the morning training session. (Recorded 2003) ... Big dictionary of Russian sayings