Music therapy for children. Music therapy in kindergarten: tasks and goals, choice of music, development methodology, features of conducting classes and a positive impact on the child

The consultation is accompanied by a card file of games and exercises in kindergarten and at home.

Music therapy in the life of a preschooler.

• What is Music Therapy .................................................................. ..................................one
• Recommendations for parents and educators on how to use

music therapy in joint activities with children .............................. 3

• List of music recommended

for music therapy .................................................................. .......................5

Music therapy. Games and exercises in kindergarten and at home.

• Aggression................................................. ................................................. ..............7
• Fear................................................. ................................................. ..................eleven
• Closure .................................................................. ................................................. .....17

Music therapy - one of the promising directions in the life of a preschool educational institution. It contributes to the correction of the psychophysical health of children in the process of their life. There are active (motor improvisations accompanied by a verbal comment corresponding to the nature of the music) and passive (listening to stimulating, soothing or stabilizing music on purpose or as a background) forms of music therapy. Listening to properly selected music with the performance of psycho-gymnastic studies increases the immunity of children, relieves tension and irritability, headache and muscle pain, and restores calm breathing.

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Consultation for parents and teachers

MUSIC THERAPY in the life of a preschooler

Music therapy - one of the promising directions in the life of a preschool educational institution. It contributes to the correction of the psychophysical health of children in the process of their life. There are active (motor improvisations accompanied by a verbal comment corresponding to the nature of the music) and passive (listening to stimulating, soothing or stabilizing music on purpose or as a background) forms of music therapy. Listening to properly selected music with the performance of psycho-gymnastic studies increases the immunity of children, relieves tension and irritability, headache and muscle pain, and restores calm breathing.

Music therapy is a medicine that is listened to. The fact that music can change the mental and physical state of a person was known back in ancient greece and other countries.

However, not only natural, but also artificially created ordered sounds heal. Specially selected melodies relieve anger, annoyance, improve mood. Melodies that bring joy to a person have a beneficial effect on his body: they slow down the pulse, increase the strength of heart contractions, promote vasodilation, normalize blood pressure, stimulate digestion, and increase appetite.

Music acts selectively: depending on the nature of the work, on the instrument on which it is performed. So, for example, the violin and piano calm the nervous system, and the flute has a relaxing effect. If you believe biblical legend, King Saul was saved from bouts of madness by playing the harp.

However, excessively loud music with emphasized rhythms percussion instruments harmful not only to hearing, but also to nervous system. Modern rhythms increase the content of adrenaline in the blood, which can cause stress. Interestingly, the music of Bach, Mozart, Beethoven has an amazing anti-stress effect.

In Japan, music therapy is widely used to normalize the physical and psychological state a person in production, at school, in universities, and now music has become one of the elements of obstetric care.

Special studies have shown that the music of Wagner, Offenbach's operettas, Ravel's "Bolero", Stravinsky's "The Rite of Spring" with their increasing rhythm has the most exciting effect. These works have the greatest effect in working with lethargic, pathetic children. True, the upbringing of music is very individual and requires a lot of strength and knowledge for an experienced selection of melodies.

"Caprice No. 24" Paganini in modern processing, on the contrary, increases the tone of the body, mood. Music that draws attention away from unpleasant images contributes to the concept of attention. The balancing of the nervous system was facilitated by the phonograms of the forest, the singing of birds, the plays of the cycle "The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky, " Moonlight Sonata"Beethoven.

Science has established that a silent environment negatively affects the human psyche, since absolute silence is not a familiar background for him.

While health care and education institutions have not turned their face to the problem of music therapy, enthusiastic teachers, doctors, parents have to choose the "sounding" medicine on their own.

The purpose of classes with the use of music therapy: the creation of a positive emotional background of rehabilitation (removal of the anxiety factor); stimulation of motor functions; development and correction of motor processes (sensations, perceptions, ideas) and sensory abilities; disinhibition of speech function.

At school age, a sedative or activating effect is achieved musical arrangement various games, special correctional orientation of traditional activities with children.

Musical rhythm is widely used in the treatment of motor and speech disorders, correction of insufficient psychomotor development, sense of rhythm, speech breathing. Music can be used while performing independent work when verbal communication is excluded. The exception is trifle reading - reading to music, a combination of music and activities.

Thus, the experience of using music therapy in corrective work with children with speech pathology leads to the following conclusions:

1. Use for listening only the work that children like;

2. it is better to use pieces of music that are familiar to children. They should not attract their attention with their novelty, distract from the main thing;

3. The duration of listening should be no more than 10 minutes during the entire lesson. As a rule, this is only one piece of music.

1. The success of the lesson is influenced by the positive personality of the teacher, his possession of ways of musical expression - playing the musical instruments and the ability to sing, as well as the inclusion in the preventive and corrective process of the factor of group dynamics, mutual psycho-emotional positive infection, empathy and sympathy between participants in group music classes.

2. It is necessary to determine an individual course of correction for children with certain disorders and tactics after its completion. The number and duration of music therapy sessions (from 15 minutes to 45 minutes), the frequency of use per week 1-7 times are important.

3. In the room for music therapy, there should be the most comfortable chairs, armchairs or rugs, and the lighting should be artificial in order to achieve a distraction from the real flow of time (daylight hours) and enhance the emotional effect of the session.

4. It should also be remembered that corrective music sessions should not be carried out on an empty stomach and not earlier than 2 hours after eating.

5. Before accepting a session of music therapy, children must be set up. They should relax - this will help them "open the doors of the unconscious" and take full effect of the music. It does not matter what effect the music has - calming, stimulating or uplifting.

6. It is important to choose the right posture. Music treatment should be short enough not to cause fatigue and possible defensive reactions.

7. The strength and volume of the music must be carefully adjusted. Low volume should be chosen not only for soothing, but also for stimulating music. High volume tires and shocks the nervous system.

8. After listening to healing music, you need to relax for a while. This favors its full, non-violating peace of mind action on the unconscious.

9. It is known that the unconscious is most active during sleep, while it is also susceptible to external impulses. Therefore, it is especially recommended for aggressive, restless, hyperactive children to use therapeutic music during sleep.

10. It is advisable to use instrumental classical and specially healing music, but not vocal and not the most popular. they carry an unnecessary semantic load. The choice of music should be well thought out. It is much more difficult than it can get on the nerves of a person burdened with grief. A solemn adagio is unlikely to make a deep impression on a person in a state of excitement and confusion; it will make him even more restless. On the other hand, when a depressed person hears sad music, it can cheer him up.

11. As part of a music therapy session, you can and should use various active techniques, exercises and methods described above, such as movement exercises and dances, rhythmic and breathing exercises, dramatization of therapeutic performances - games, activation of visual images and ideas, music making, game therapy, vocal therapy, art therapy, color therapy, fairy tale therapy and other methods.

LIST OF MUSICAL WORKS,

Music for children's free activities:

Bach I. "Prelude Domajor", "Joke"

Brahms I. "Waltz"

Vivaldi A. "Seasons"

Kabalevsky D. "Clowns", "Peter and the Wolf"

Mozart W. "Little Night Serenade", "Turkish Rondo"

Mussorgsky M. "Pictures at an Exhibition"

Tchaikovsky P. "Children's Album", "The Seasons", "The Nutcracker" (excerpts from the ballet)

Chopin F. "Waltzes", Strauss I. "Waltzes"

Songs for children:

"Antoshka" (Y. Entin, V. Shainsky)

“Bu-ra-ti-no” (Y. Entin, A. Rybnikov)

“Be kind” (A. Sanin, A. Flyarkovsky)

"Merry Travelers" (S. Mikhalkov, M. Starokadomsky)

“We divide everything in half” (M. Plyatskovsky, V. Shainsky)

“Where Wizards Live” “Long Live Surprise” (from the movie “Dunno from Our Yard” by Y. Entin, M. Minkov)

“If you are kind” (from the m / f “The Adventures of the Cat Leopold” M. Plyatskovsky, B. Savelyev)

"Bells", " Winged swing"(from the film "Adventures of Electronics", Y. Entin, G. Gladkov)

“A True Friend” (from the film “Timka and Dimka”, M. Plyatskovsky, B. Savelyev)

"Song of the Bremen Town Musicians" (Y. Entin, G. Gladkov)

“Beautiful is far away” (from the movie “Guest from the Future” Y. Entin, E. Krylatov)

"Dance of the little ducklings" (French folk song)

Music to wake up after a nap:

Boccherini L. "Minuet"

Grieg E. "Morning"

Lute music of the 17th century

Mendelssohn F. "Song without words"

Mozart V. "Sonata"

Mussorgsky M. "Dawn on the Moscow River"

Sens-sans K. "Aquarium"

Tchaikovsky P.I. "Waltz of the Flowers", "Winter Morning", "Song of the Lark"

Music for relaxation:

Albioni T. "Adagio"

Beethoven L. "Moonlight Sonata"

Gluck K. "Melody"

Grieg E. Solveig's Song

Debussy K. "Moonlight"

Rimsky-Korsakov N. "Sea"

Saint-Saens K. "Swan"

Tchaikovsky P.I. "Autumn Song", "Sentimental Waltz"

Chopin F. "Nocturne in G minor"

Schubert F. "Ave Maria", "Serenade"

Musical tolerance. Games and exercises in kindergarten and at home.

Aggression

"Cruise"

musical modeling

1. Experience your emotional state: “We are on a ship. A storm has begun: the sails are torn by the wind, huge waves are tossing the ship like a chip ”(Vivaldi“ Storm ”)

2. Formation of a state of rest, security: “The wind has died down, the sea is smooth and transparent, like glass. The ship glides easily through the water. " (Tchaikovsky's "Barcarolle")

3. Formation of the final emotional state: “Land ahead! Finally we are at home. How joyfully our friends and relatives greet us! ". (Shostakovich "Festive Overture")

"Go away, anger, go away"

therapy game

The players lie down on the carpet in a circle. There are pillows between them. Closing their eyes, they begin to kick the floor with all their might, and with their hands on the pillows, shouting: “Go away, anger, go away! "(Tchaikovsky's "Baba Yaga"). The exercise lasts 3 minutes, then the participants, at the command of an adult, lie down in the “star” position, spreading their arms and legs wide, and lie quietly, listening to calm music for 3 minutes. (Chopin "Nocturne in F Major").

"The lion hunts, the lion rests"

Role gymnastics

A phonogram sounds (C. Saint-Saens, "Carnival of the Animals" part 1 "Royal March of the Lion"). Children are invited to portray lions by all possible ways: you can move around the floor on all fours (lions go hunting, lie on benches or chairs (lions rest on a hot afternoon, growl loudly when the appropriate music sounds - we show with our hands how the lion opens its mouth.

When the fragment sounds, the following task is given: “Tired, well-fed lions, their cubs lie down to rest (on the floor, or “climb a tree” - a bench, hanging their paws, tails)

Then calm quiet music sounds (Mozart's "Lullaby"). "The lions fall asleep."

Objectives: The first part of the exercise releases the energy accumulated during the session, develops activity, general motor skills. By creating the image of an animal, the child has the opportunity to express himself creatively. The second part: relaxation, the transition from action to calm. In general, this exercise increases children's interest in classes. It is always expected and performed with special enthusiasm.

"Sparrow fights" (removal of physical aggression).

therapy game

Children choose a couple and turn into pugnacious "sparrows" (squat, clasping their knees with their hands). "Sparrows" bounce sideways to each other, push. Which of the children falls or takes their hands off their knees is out of the game (the “wings” and paws are being treated by Dr. Aibolit). "Fights" begin and end at the signal of an adult.

"Good - evil cats" (removal of general aggression).

therapy game

Children are invited to form a large circle, in the center of which lies a hoop. This is a "magic circle" in which "transformations" will take place. The child goes inside the hoop and, at the signal of the leader (clapping his hands, the sound of a bell, the sound of a whistle), turns into a feisty cat: hisses and scratches. At the same time, it is impossible to leave the “magic circle”. The children standing around the hoop repeat after the leader in chorus: “Stronger, stronger, stronger ...”, - and the child depicting a cat makes more and more “evil” movements. (Khachaturian "Toccata"). On a repeated signal from the leader, the “transformations” end, after which another child enters the hoop and the game is repeated. When all the children have been in the "magic circle", the hoop is removed, the children are divided into pairs and again turn into angry cats at the signal of an adult. (If someone did not have enough pair, then the leader himself can participate in the game.) A categorical rule: do not touch each other! If it is violated, the game stops immediately, the host shows an example of possible actions, and then continues the game. On a repeated signal, the “cats” stop and can exchange pairs. On the final stage game host offers "evil cats" to become kind and affectionate. On a signal, the children turn into kind cats that caress each other (Debussy "Light of the Moon").

"Winter's Tale"

musical modeling

1. Experience your emotional state: “Winter has come. It's bitter cold outside. Furious with furious! "(Shuman "Santa Claus")

2. Formation of a state of rest, security: “Light snowflakes are flying from the night sky. They sparkle in the light of the lantern. "(Debussy's "Dance of the Snowflakes")

3. The formation of the final emotional state: "The blizzard swirled in a gentle waltz." (Sviridov Waltz "Snowstorm")

"Stubborn pillow" (removal of general tension, stubbornness)

therapy game

Adults prepare a “magic, stubborn pillow” (in a dark pillowcase) and introduce the child to a fairy tale game: “The fairy sorceress gave us a pillow. This pillow is not simple, but magical. Children's stubbornness lives inside her. It is they who make you capricious and stubborn. Let's get rid of the stubbornness." The child beats the pillow with his fists with all his might, and the adult says: “Stronger, stronger, stronger! ”(Tchaikovsky Overture “The Tempest”) When the child’s movements become slower, the game gradually stops. An adult offers to listen to “stubborn people in the pillow: “Have all the stubborn people got out and what are they doing? » The child puts his ear to the pillow and listens. “The stubborn ones got scared and are silent in the pillow,” the adult replies (this technique calms the child after excitement). The pillow is good. Let's lie down on it and listen to beautiful music (Chopin "Nocturne No. 20").

"Visiting the Sea King"

Plot-game improvisation

The inhabitants of the underwater kingdom arrive at the ball to Neptune. Children are invited to move like: a formidable shark, a relaxed jellyfish, a frisky seahorse, a prickly sea urchin, etc. (C. Saint-Saens Aquarium)

"Little Ghost"

therapy game

The host says: “We will play good little ghosts. We wanted to have a little mischief and scare each other a little. According to my clap, you will make such a movement with your hands (an adult raises his arms bent at the elbows, fingers spread out) and say scary voice sound "U", if I clap loudly, you will scare loudly. But remember that we are kind ghosts and only want to joke. » The adult claps his hands. (Rimsky-Korsakov "Flight of the Bumblebee") At the end of the game, the ghosts turn into children.

"Clowns swear" (withdrawal of verbal aggression).

therapy game

The host says: “The clowns showed the children a performance, made them laugh, and then they began to teach the children to swear. Angrily swear at each other with vegetables and fruits. Attention is drawn to adequate, angry intonation. Children can choose pairs, change partners, "swear" together, or take turns "scold" all the children. An adult directs the game, announces the beginning and end of the game with a signal, stops if other words or physical aggression are used (Kabalevsky "Clowns"). Then the game continues, changing the emotional mood of the children. The host says: “When the clowns taught the children to swear, the parents didn’t like it.” Clowns, continuing the game, teach children not only to swear by vegetables and fruits, but also to affectionately call each other flowers. The intonation must be appropriate. Children again break into pairs and affectionately call each other flowers.

"Spring came"

musical modeling

1. Experience your emotional state: “The long-awaited spring has come. The warm sun warmed up. Ice started on the river. Huge ice floes move through the water, crash into each other with noise and crash, break, spin in a whirlpool. (Schumann "The Impulse")

2. Formation of a state of rest, security: “Formation of a state of rest, security:“ A warm sunbeam looked into a snowy forest clearing, melted a snowdrift and warmed the first spring Flower- snowdrop. (Tchaikovsky "Snowdrop")

3. The formation of the final emotional state: “From distant countries returned to their native lands migratory birds and sang their most joyful songs. (Vivaldi "Spring")

Fear

"Night Terrors"

Musical modeling.

1. Experience of one's emotional state: “The moon has risen over the village. A slippery sticky fog crawled from the mountains onto the houses and gardens. And in this fog, ancient sinister spirits flashed like obscure shadows. They have a holiday today - Walpurgis Night. Until the morning, witches, ghosts, goblins and trolls will spin in a wild dance on Bald Mountain. (Mussorgsky "Night on Bald Mountain")

2. Formation of a state of peace, security: “Is it really impossible for anyone to cope with this sinister force? No one will save the frightened villagers?. But now, among the distant stars, a magical song filled with tenderness and kindness sounded. The song gets louder and louder. A soft light streamed through the mist, dispersing it, dispersing it. It was the angels who descended to earth and sang a song of praise to the holy virgin Mary, the protector of mankind. And retreated dark forces". (Schubert "Ave Maria")

3. Formation of the final emotional state: “Walpurgis Night is over. The edge of the sky was painted with pink, gold, crimson colors. Slowly, calmly, the good sun rose. (Shostakovich "Festive Overture")

"Let's put fear in a box"

Isotherapy game.

The child is invited to draw his fear. (G. Puccini "Cloak"). And now, when the fear “came out” of the baby on paper, you can do anything with him: draw something funny for him, put him “in jail”, etc. (Chopin “Prelude 1 opus 28”) After that, you can add drawing, hide fear in a box and give it to a child. Now the baby can manage his fear himself and at any time see if the fear has climbed back into him.

"Baba Yaga"

Musical mobile game

A circle is drawn on the site. The children are standing in a circle. The driver - Baba Yaga becomes blindfolded in the center of the circle. Children go around the circle and sing:

There is a hut in the dark forest

Standing back and forth, (turn the other way)

And in that hut the old woman

Grandmother Yaga lives.

She has big eyes

Like fires are burning. (showing with hands)

Wow, what an angry! (squat scared)

Hair stands on end! (jump up, raise hands up, fingers outstretched)

Children jump on one foot into the circle and jump out of it, and Baba Yaga tries to catch them. (Tchaikovsky "Baba Yaga")

"Dr. Aibolit"

(Sviridov's "Viennese waltz" sounds - "Aibolit" lays out his medicines on a stump) "Good doctor Aibolit. He sits under a tree. Come to him, and a cow, and a she-wolf, and a bug, and a worm, and a bear are being treated. The good doctor Aibolit will heal everyone, heal everyone. (Levkodimov's play "The Bear" sounds - the "sick bear" is coming) Here comes the bear to Aibolit. He was bitten by bees. Oh, how it hurts the poor fellow! Help, doctor! (Sviridov's "Viennese waltz" sounds - the doctor treats the bear) Oh, thank you! (Bach's "Joke" sounds - the bear is dancing). Here is a fox running. (Levkodimov's play "The Fox" sounds - the "sick fox" runs) She has a toothache. Oh, how bad the fox! Help, doctor! (Sviridov's "Viennese waltz" sounds - the doctor treats the fox) Thank you, doctor! (Bach's "Joke" sounds - the fox is dancing). Why is the bush shaking? This bunny is shaking! He drove a big splinter into his paw. The paw hurts, and it's scary to go to the doctor. Let's persuade the bunny (children persuade the bunny to go to the doctor). Doctor hare cured. “Glory, glory to Aibolit, glory good doctors! "(Sounds" Kamarinskaya Tchaikovsky, child actors are dancing).

"Snowman"

Psychogymnastics. (aimed at relaxation, stress relief)

The parent and child turn into snowmen: they stand up, spread their arms to the sides, puff out their cheeks and hold the given position for 10 seconds.

The adult says: "And now the sun came out, its hot rays touched the snowman, and he began to melt." The players gradually relax, lower their hands, squat down and lie down on the floor. (Chopin Waltz "Winter's Tale").

"In the woods"

Musical modeling.

1 Experiencing your emotional state: “We are in dense forest, dark, wolves howl, we make our way through thorny bushes, we run (music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky sounds - orchestral fantasies "Francesca da Rimini" on the theme "Hell", the child moves in accordance with the plot) ".

2 Formation of a state of rest, security: “We ran out into the clearing. It is protected from all sides by good magic. No one but us can get in here. It is very beautiful here: a small waterfall flows into a transparent lake, tender green grass and amazing beautiful flowers are on the ground (F. Chopin's nocturne sounds, the child lies or sits on a rug).

3 Formation of the final emotional state: “The waterfall is ringing with its droplets so joyfully! It becomes so easy for us, so much fun! We also want to sing along with the waterfall! (W. A. ​​Mozart's "Little Night Serenade" sounds, the child plays along on the metallophone or dances).

"Magic Sand"

sand therapy

The child is invited to play in the sandbox: sifting, digging with a spatula, making small pieces ... A toy is imperceptibly buried in the sand, symbolizing the fear of this baby (Baba Yaga, dog, monster, etc.) When the child accidentally digs out the toy, she begins to “talk” to him in a kindly pleading voice: “I feel so lonely, I am very kind, but everyone is afraid of me. Please play with me. Build me a sand house, etc. If the child is scared, you can bury the toy again in the sand, but after a while remind her that she is scared there. Offer to help the toy. Sprinkling sand, the child feels calmer. (Sounds "Romance" Sviridov)

"Clouds"

Rhythmoplasty

Let's go on a trip! We will turn into clouds, because they fly around the world, not knowing barriers. Look how light and beautiful they are (slide). Have you ever watched clouds? Each cloud is unique. It looks like a snow-white horse, then it looks like an amazing sea monster. But then the wind blew, and the clouds changed shape - a magical sparkling castle appeared in front of us (slide). Hear the magic music. (Tchaikovsky's "Sentimental Waltz") One, two, three, cloud fly! Now you are clouds. Fly softly, smoothly, change shape with the breath of the wind. Whose cloud is the most beautiful?

"Brave bun"

fairy tale therapy

(Children play the role of a kolobok; animals are bi-ba-bo dolls on the leader’s hand). There lived a bun. One day he went for a walk. (Baccherini's "Minuet" sounds, children run on their toes) A ​​bun rolls, rolls, and a hare meets it. (sounds: Bel Bartok "Duke Bluebeard's Castle"). "Kolobok, kolobok, I'll eat you! "Let's invite the bunny to eat candy and dance with us (Baccherini's Minuet sounds, children dance with the hare). The gingerbread man rolled further, and the wolf met him (music by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky sounds - orchestral fantasies "Francesca da Rimini" on the theme "Hell") "Gingerbread man, gingerbread man, I'll eat you! » And Kolobok has a black belt in karate, and he is a great boxer. Let's show it to the wolf! (Sounds "Saber Dance" Khachaturian, the children "fight"). The wolf killed, and the bun rolled on. Who came out to meet him from the dark thicket?) Bear! (Mussorgsky's "Dwarf" sounds) Kolobok, I'll eat you! » Let's scare the bear. (Vivaldi's "Storm" sounds, the children scare the bear like little ghosts. The bear runs away). And here comes the fox. (Sounds “Nocturne No. 20” by Chopin) “What a beautiful gingerbread man you are! Come with me, I'll treat you to a cake." Shall we go with the fox?) Of course not! She's lying. We, the fox, are not afraid of you, you will not deceive us! What will we do? (Children's suggestions) Let's call the police. Do you know the phone number? (children “take out cell phones” and call 020, the fox runs). The bun walked well, he was not afraid of anyone!

"Burners"

Outdoor games

The driver is tightly blindfolded. The players sing: “Burn, burn brightly so that it does not go out. Look at the sky - the birds are flying, the bells are ringing. The players run up, freeze in place and ring the bells, and the blindfolded driver looks for them.

(Sounds Rimsky-Korsakov "Spanish Capriccio")

"Bee in a flower"

Psychotherapy game

The adult pronounces the text, and the child performs the actions: “The bee flew from flower to flower (chairs and sofas are used as flowers). When the bee flew in, ate nectar, she fell asleep in a beautiful flower (under a chair or table). Night fell, and the petals of the flower began to close (a chair or table is covered with a dark cloth). The sun has risen (the material is removed, and the bee again began to have fun, flying from flower to flower. "The game can be repeated by increasing the density of matter, that is, the degree of darkness.

(Rimsky-Korsakov "Flight of the Bumblebee" - the bee flies,

Brahms "Lullaby" - the bee is sleeping)

"Magic Scissors"

Application

(Shostakovich's work "Leningrad Symphony" sounds) The child is offered to draw himself. Then the leader sticks black blots around the image, symbolizing the child's fears. The leader, together with the baby, names these fears (fear of heights, darkness, loneliness, etc.). (Symphony No. 40 by Mozart sounds) The child cuts out his own image and pastes it on Blank sheet. Around it, the child himself sticks multi-colored circles, naming them (parents, friends, toys, etc.). Cut off fear blots can be torn, buried, closed in a box.

"Brave Cop"

Plot-game improvisation.

Once upon a time there was a brave policeman, the brave Misha Ivanov (name of the child actor). (Sounds "March" Dunayevsky from the movie "Circus"). Here comes Tanya from the garden, carrying a doll in her bag. (Bach's "Joke" sounds). Hooligans ran up, began to offend Tanya, began to pull the pigtails, began to take away the doll! (Vivaldi's "Storm" sounds). Who, who will help us, protect us from trouble? A brave, dexterous policeman will rush to our aid! (Ride of the Valkyries by Wagner sounds) He scattered the hooligans and dragged them to prison. (Symphony No. 40 by Mozart sounds) He took our little Tanya home.

"Hare Hero"

Musical theatricality

There lived a cowardly bunny. He sat under a bush and was afraid of everything. A leaf falls from a tree - a hare trembles with fear, an owl flies by - a hare faints. (Music sounds: Schumann "Santa Claus." Children show how afraid the bunny is). A day was afraid of a bunny, a week, a year. But now, he is tired of being afraid. Tired and that's it. He climbed onto a stump, waved his paws and shouted: “I'm not afraid of anyone! "(Music sounds: Beethoven "Ode to Joy" Children show themselves to be brave) Suddenly a wolf came out into the clearing! (doll bee-ba-bo) All the courage of the hare immediately disappeared somewhere. He shook, jumped, and out of fright, the wolf landed on his back. The hare rushed to the heels (Sounds: Saint-Saens “Hare”, the children are running, and when there was no more strength to run, he fell under a bush. But the wolf was also scared of this strange hare,

That he himself attacked him, and left this forest. The animals found our hare and began to praise: “What a brave man you are, you drove the wolf away! And the hare himself believed that he was a brave man and ceased to be afraid. (Sounds like Beethoven's "Ode to Joy")

Closure

"Visiting a squirrel"

Psychogymnastics

(Children repeat the movements of the leader in the text of the poem)

Clean in the squirrel's house.

The children washed the dishes

Garbage swept into the yard,

The carpet was beaten with a stick.

The postman knocked

Noble old elephant.

He wiped his feet on the bedding:

“Sign for Murzilka. »

Who is knocking on the door?

These are midges, birds, animals.

Wipe your feet, dear babies.

We won't get bored here

We will dance with you! (Sounds like "Kamarinskaya")

Here we stomp with one foot: top-top-top,

And now the other leg.

And we'll sit down, and we'll get up,

Let's repeat one more time.

Stomp your right heel twice

And forward - on the toe.

We'll all jump together

And we'll circle in place.

"Buka Bear"

Musical theatricality

There lived a bear cub. He didn't want to be friends with anyone. He sat on a stump and folded the cones into a pyramid. A hare ran up to him (Saint-Saens “Hare”, said hello: “Hi, Mishka.” The bear cub turned away silently, furrowed his eyebrows, pouted. be friends!". Misha turned away. "I don't need friends," he muttered. The hedgehog crawled past, wanted to treat the teddy bear with a berry. ....) Misha took the berry and turned away. He didn't even say "thank you." he is a beech!"- the animals were surprised. But then a strong wind blew. (Wagner's "Flight of the Valkyries") The squirrel jumped into the hollow, the hedgehog climbed into the hole, the bunny hid under the bush. And the wind is blowing harder and harder. The hurricane has risen straight! The wind has picked up "The bear cub, whirled and carried it somewhere. The bear was scared. He screamed, wept. He wanted to call for help, but whom to call? After all, he has no friends. And suddenly a hare jumped out of the bush, grabbed the bear cub by the paws. The hedgehog crawled out of the mink, the squirrel jumped out and grabbed the hedgehog (the child actors run like a train). to the ground. “It's good to have friends! ' thought the little bear. And he said out loud: “Thank you! ". Now the teddy bear has changed. He is the first to greet the animals, always says "thank you", "please" and loves to frolic with friends in a forest clearing).

"Rain"

Musical modeling.

1. It's gray, sad rain outside. We sit at home and look out the window. Drops, like tears, flow down the wet glass. (Beethoven "Melody of Tears").

2. Drops knock on the iron roof, ring in a puddle in the yard. And suddenly everything changed - we heard the light, ringing music of the rain. (Mozart "Little Night Serenade")

3. We got so much fun! I wanted to play, dance with the rain. We put on boots, took umbrellas and ran outside to jump in the puddles. (Strauss "Trick-Truck" Polka)

"Magic Threads"

Isotherapy game

The music of Tchaikovsky's "Waltz of the Flowers" sounds. The child is invited to draw himself in the middle of the sheet, and around him to depict those whom the child would like to see next to him always (parents, relatives, friends, pets, toys, etc.). Give the child a blue marker (magic wand) and ask them to connect themselves with the surrounding characters with lines - these are magic threads. Through them, as through wires, good power now comes to the baby from loved ones: care, warmth, help. But the same force must come from the child. The threads forever connected the baby with those who are dear to him. Now, if mom has gone to work or a friend has gone to grandma's, there is no need to worry. Magic threads will surely draw them back to the child.

"Little Sculptor"

modeling

The exercise is performed in pairs. The task is given to start sculpting some figure from plasticine, something fantastic is better. Through certain time the children change figures, and now everyone must complete the partner's figure. After completing the task, the children exchange comments on whether their intention is correctly understood, what they themselves would like to mold.

This game develops and consolidates the skill of understanding and developing the idea of ​​another person.

Drawing "I'm in the future"

isotherapy

The child is given the task to draw himself as he sees himself in the future. Discussing the drawing with him, ask how he will look, how he will feel, what will be his relationship with his parents, brother or sister, classmates, friends.

The exercise allows you to realize the possibility of overcoming isolation, give the child a perspective on the future and self-confidence.

"At Grandpa Tryphon's"

Children stand in a circle, the leader is in the center. Children sing: “Grandfather Tryphon had seven children, seven sons. They didn’t sleep, they didn’t eat, they looked at each other, they did this together.” The host demonstrates any dance movement, the rest copy it. The one who repeated the movement better becomes the leader.

"Doll"

Musical modeling.

1. The little girl had a doll. They were best friends: walked together, played, fell asleep. But the doll got sick - it broke. The girl was very sad. She chewed on her sick friend—weeping, sighing over her bed. (Tchaikovsky "Children's Album": "Disease of the Doll")

The healing effect of music on a person was noticed many centuries ago. The ancient Greek healer Hippocrates used music to treat insomnia as well as epilepsy. In the modern world, in psychotherapy, music therapy methods are widely used for the prevention and treatment of certain types of diseases.

Based on many years of research and observation, in 2003 music therapy was recognized by the Ministry of Health as official medicine. Music from birth accompanies any person everywhere. Music can make you cry or cheer you up, cause fatigue, loss of strength, headache, or, on the contrary, give vigor and confidence.

Children are fragile creatures, whose unstable psyche is most susceptible to external factors. Problems in the family, discord among parents, fear of communication, anxiety, fears, a huge layer of information that the baby constantly receives - all this has negative impact on the psycho-emotional state of the child.

Parents often do not have time to educate the younger generation. If the mother is still working on the upbringing and development of the crumbs up to 2-3 years, then usually after 3 years the grandmother is engaged in the crumbs or the baby remains on long time given to himself.

To occupy the attention of a child, adults often provide uncontrolled access to television, as well as to a computer. little man watching horror movies, playing shooters. His psyche has not yet fully adapted to reality. adulthood, therefore, the aggressive behavior of the heroes of the films, the baby projects onto himself and begins to behave aggressively.

Increased agitation, aggressiveness, irritability - all this interferes with the harmonious, creative development of a preschooler. Music therapy for children can be used to correct the psycho-emotional state of preschool children.

Currently, the methods of music therapy are actively used in preschool children's institutions. Parents can also use the positive effects of music at home. In order for music to heal, and not cause additional harm to the baby, it is necessary to consult a psychologist, together choose music for the child and for adult family members.

The concept of music therapy, its types

Music therapy is the purposeful use of music in all its manifestations and in any form for the prevention, treatment, psychological correction of a person's psycho-emotional state. Music recorded on a player or disk is used, as well as live music: singing, playing musical instruments.

Music therapy for preschoolers uses two main forms: passive, sometimes called receptive, and active form. In active music therapy, children take an active, direct part, through the use of various musical instruments or by singing.

Receptive music therapy for children is the process of perceiving music from various media. Music therapy can and should be used not only for the treatment and psycho-correction of the personality, but also for the formation of moral, aesthetic norms of behavior for preschool children.

The study, perception of music as a cultural heritage of mankind instills a love for music, thereby enriching the inner world of the child. Music therapy as a method of influencing the psyche of a child uses music in the following areas:

• medical, medical;
• pedagogical, educational;
• preventive direction, preventing the occurrence of stressful psycho-emotional diseases.

Therapy with the help of music is divided into the following types, depending on the very form and strength of musical influence:

• according to the result achieved, according to the depth of impact - deep or superficial;
• on the organization of the process - individual or group;
• on interaction with a specialist - directive, that is, directive or not directive, subordinating;

Music therapy in kindergarten is also used as an auxiliary, additional method for color therapy, fairy tale therapy and play psychotherapy for kids. Only by using all types of sparing therapy in a complex way, it is possible to carry out various types of psycho-correction of preschool children more optimally, with better results.

Carrying out music therapy

Music therapy sessions are held individually or in a group, depending on the psycho-emotional state of the preschooler. Working individually with the baby, the specialist achieves a more complete contact, can more accurately determine the problem of the crumbs, develop a specific therapy program for the little man.

With passive listening to carefully selected music, the crumbs reduce emotional tension, reduce aggressiveness. A positive emotional state is restored in a preschooler, the feeling of anxiety is reduced. Using psychology as constituent part music therapy, the specialist corrects the child's problems.

With a closed, shy preschooler, for the development of communication, they are first individual sessions. The teacher, together with the baby, is engaged in music: playing musical instruments or learning songs. As communication develops in closed, quiet children, babies need to be transferred to group classes.

The basis of any group activities is the active communication of children with peers, the formation of emotional communication, further development children's communication skills. The process of music therapy group should proceed in a dynamic, active form.

Together with music, it is necessary to use all the expressiveness of other types of art. The creative component of therapy activates all the senses of the crumbs, the perception systems of the preschooler work more vividly. Children can prove themselves, show their abilities, thereby forming self-confidence.

In order to integrate music therapy with other art forms, the teacher uses the following methods in his work:

• drawing, modeling from special dough or plasticine to music;
• mobile, active games using music;
• pantomime;
• writing stories, fairy tales by preschool children after listening to music, depicting their mood with the help of paints or dance;
• plastic dramatization with the use of music, color therapy;
• choral or solo singing.

Dance is a form of social contact. Using dance improvisations, studying classical dances, the teacher allows fidgets to express themselves more fully, get rid of negative emotions and feelings. The main thing in any dance is rhythmic movements. Preschool children often have problems with coordination of movements, which causes tightness and stiffness in crumbs.

Dancing to music helps to harmonize the emotional sphere of preschoolers. Free, uninhibited, smooth movements, the ability to convey music with the plasticity of the body helps to manifest emotional looseness. It is often easier for a child to express his feelings with movement than with words.

The child hears music throughout the day. The tasks of parents, educators, and teachers are to use music in a dosed manner, taking into account the mood of the children, the time of day, and the physical condition of preschool children. So for a quick awakening in the morning, to create a cheerful, positive mood for music with a major mood, or use a cheerful children's song.

In order for the kids to calm down faster, plunge into daytime sleep, they use classical melodic music. Often, before going to bed, children are given to listen to the recorded sounds of nature: the rustle of leaves, the sound of rain, the singing of birds. Little fidgets calm down, relax. Children are relieved of emotional as well as physical stress.

Music therapy can be carried out at home, while it is necessary to follow the rules for conducting such therapy, tested and accepted by specialists. In children's institutions, the emphasis is mainly on group therapy, with the aim of developing the communication skills of the crumbs, involving him in communication, and inclusion in society.

• The room for passive therapy should be specially equipped. There should be no bright toys, objects, switched on phones that distract the attention of the guys. Lighting is artificial, so that the baby better perceives the therapeutic effect of the session.
• Corrective sessions are not carried out on an empty stomach, or immediately after a meal. It is necessary to wait about 2 hours after feeding the crumbs to start the session.
• The psychologist sets the duration of the session, the number of sessions per week, depending on the degree of necessary adjustment of the psycho-emotional state of the crumbs. Parents conducting such sessions at home should follow all the recommendations of a specialist.
• Before the start of the lesson, the baby should relax, tune in a positive way. The kid should take a free comfortable position for him. Armchairs, couches or just pillows on the floor - the baby should be comfortable during class.
• Do not turn on listening to a piece of music at full volume. This will only tire the fidget, cause rejection to therapy. Listening to music should take place in a quiet tone. It is useful for hyperactive, aggressive children to listen to calm melodies during sleep.
• After the end of the session, do not immediately force the child to run. The baby needs to rest. After all, music therapy is healing.

Music therapy is a treatment for children, so it should be taken seriously. Be sure to consult a psychologist, follow his recommendations. Only the joint activities of parents, educators, psychologists can help the baby correct problems in the psycho-emotional sphere.

Treatment sessions should be approached responsibly. It is not recommended to use the first melodies that come across, even if they are currently popular, constantly heard on the radio. The best effect is classical music.

Experts recommend using relaxing music with the sounds of nature, classical music, as well as peppy children's songs for therapy. Of the entire range of recommended melodies, the works of Mozart stand out in a special way. Mozart created not only great classical works. All his works are special.

All the works of the great composer have a therapeutic, curative effect. Neuroscientists have been studying the works of the composer for decades, it has been scientifically proven that Mozart's musical compositions mobilize the capabilities of the human brain, facilitate its work, and increase the intellectual capabilities of the individual.

Scientists say that Mozart's works are useful for everyone: babies, pregnant women, sick children, students and adults. Listening to the works of the composer removes negative emotions, raises vitality. Students improve their memorization of the subject.

The effect of such an impact is due to the fact that in the works of the famous composer an interval is used that completely coincides with the nature of the biocurrents of the brain.

Music therapy exercises

Any exercises of this type of therapy are based on the use of two components: the perception of music in motion and control over breathing. It is these components that help mainly reduce emotional as well as physical tension in children.

The therapeutic exercise consists of the following phases:

• diagnostics of the psycho-emotional state of the crumbs, establishing contact with the child;
• selection of melodies that take into account the tasks of correction and the emotional state of the fidget;
• removal of emotional stress with the help of a dynamic, major melody;
• getting a crumb of a positive charge of emotions through relaxing melodies.

Pantomimes, games that reveal the mood of children while listening to melodies. Drawings showing what associations songs, musical works evoke. All classes must take place in natural form, during the game, so that preschoolers are more open, receptive to therapy.

Music therapy with children

At present, for teachers of modern society, the problem of an increase in the number of children of preschool and school age with behavioral disorders, as well as in mental and personal development. Psychologists, educators and other specialists are working on this problem in kindergartens and schools. Many are looking for new unconventional methods pedagogical assistance to children. One of these methods is music therapy.

The history of the relationship between music and man is rooted in the distant past, to the origins of mankind. The use of music for healing purposes also has a long history. In the past, music was widely used in medical practice. The impact of music on our lives is all-encompassing.

Music therapy is a method that uses music as a means of correcting emotional deviations, fears, movement and speech disorders, behavioral deviations, communication difficulties, as well as for the treatment of various somatic and psychosomatic diseases.

In work with children, music therapy is used to correct emotional deviations, fears, motor and speech disorders, psychosomatic diseases, and behavioral deviations. Music therapyallows you to overcome the psychological protection of the child - to calm or, conversely, activate, adjust, interest; helps to establish contact between the psychologist and the child; helps develop communication and creative possibilities child; increases self-esteem based on self-actualization; develops empathic abilities; helps to strengthen relationships with a psychologist and other people, promotes the establishment and development of interpersonal relationships; forms valuable practical skills - playing musical instruments; helps to keep the child entertained - musical games, singing, dancing, moving to music, improvisation on musical instruments; short music playing at each lesson is well absorbed by children who do not tolerate training loads; captivates and has a strong calming effect on most hyperactive children; withdrawn, constrained children become more spontaneous and develop skills to interact with other people. Improves speech function. Music therapy is very effective in correcting communication disorders that have arisen in children for various reasons. Music therapy sessions allow you to create conditions for an emotional dialogue, often even when other methods have been exhausted. Contact through music is safe, unobtrusive, individualized, relieves fears and tension. Variation in the classroom of familiar and unfamiliar works, their volume, speed makes it possible to work with different children..

For children with disabilities, the usefulness of music therapy is obvious, because.

Helps to strengthen trust, mutual understanding between the participants in the process;

Helps to accelerate the progress of therapy, since inner feelings are more easily expressed through music than through conversation;

Music enhances attention to feelings, serves as a material that enhances awareness;

Indirectly increases musical competence, there is a sense of internal control and order.

The sooner treatment begins, the greater the chance of success. Therefore, already from the age of two, children with disabilities can be treated and developed with the help of music therapy.

Currently, music therapy is an independent psycho-corrective direction, which is based on two aspects of the impact:

1) psychosomatic (during which a therapeutic effect on body functions is carried out);

2) psychotherapeutic (during which, with the help of music, deviations in personal development, psycho-emotional state are corrected).

The cathartic (cleansing) effect of music makes it possible to use it in corrective work with children who have developmental problems.

For example In order to correct fears in children with autism, it is advisable to use individual music therapy. Traditionally, there are three levels of individual music therapy:

Communicative,

Reactive

Regulatory

On the communicative level, the teacher's efforts are aimed at establishing emotional contact with the child. On the this stage melodic works of the classics are used. The child plays or dances to the music, the teacher watches him and encourages him. It is important that by the end of the lesson, he can approach the child, take his hand, stroke his back, etc.

On a jet level, the purpose of which is catharsis, the child plays to the music with an object that frightens him. For example, a child is offered a horror doll. First he must give her a name. Then, to the sounds of rhythmic music, he begins to interact with her in accordance with the psychologist's instructions: "The Scarecrow begins to run away from us, we catch it, throw it, drive it away, it leaves us."

On the regulatory psychologist offers various situations, in which there may be a "horror story" and a child. The child is asked to choose the music to which the "horror story" communicates with him: slow, relaxing or fast, activating. The choice of music emphasizes the peculiarities of the child's emotional state and his attitude to frightening objects.

Music therapy is used both individually and in groups. Each of these forms can be represented in three types of music therapy:

Receptive;

active;

Integrative.

Receptive Music Therapy Classes by means of receptive music therapy are aimed at modeling a positive emotional state.

The child's perception of music helps to "step" out of real life into another, imaginary world, a world of bizarre images, moods. In a large preliminary listening - a story, the psychologist sets up the perception of a certain figurative musical picture, then the melody, as it were, takes the listeners away from negative experiences, reveals to him the beauty of nature and the world.

After listening in a conversation with the "patient", the psychologist finds out what he "saw", "felt", "did" in an imaginary journey, what picture he can draw, describe with words. This perception of music provides stress relief, improves the psycho-emotional state of a person.

In psychocorrectional work, psychologists useintegrative music therapy. An example is the synthesis of musical and visual-visual perception. Classes are built in such a way that the perception of music is accompanied by watching videos of various pictures of nature. At the same time, the child is invited, as it were, to "step" deep into the image - to a ringing cool stream or to a sunny lawn, mentally catch butterflies or relax, lying on the green soft grass.The organic combination of the two ways of perception gives a stronger psycho-corrective effect.

Active music therapy in work with children it is used in different versions: vocal therapy, dance therapy, with the aim of correcting psycho-emotional states in children and adults with low self-esteem, a low degree of self-acceptance, and reduced emotional tone.

What kind of music has the greatest therapeutic effect?

According to observations, listening to classical music and sounds of nature gives optimal results. For autogenic training, musical works are selected in accordance with the impact on certain functions, while options may be provided aimed at calming or mobilizing.

In the table you see a list of works that can affect the emotional state of both a child and an adult. I use these works both in music lessons and in extracurricular activities..

Ways of influence of music on the emotional state

Way

impact

Name

works

Time

Mood modeling (with overwork and nervous exhaustion)

"Morning",

"Polonaise"

E. Grieg,

Oginsky

2-3 min.

3-4 min.

When depressed, melancholic mood

"To joy"

"Ave Maria"

L. Van Beethoven,

F. Schubert

4 min.

4-5 min.

With severe irritability, anger

"Chorus of the Pilgrims"

"Sentimental Waltz"

R. Wagner,

P. Tchaikovsky

2-4 min.

3-4 min.

With a decrease in concentration, attention

"Seasons",

"Moonlight",

"Dreams"

P. Tchaikovsky,

C. Debussy,

R. Debussy

2-3 min.

2-3 min.

3 min.

Relaxing effect

"Barcarolle"

"Pastoral",

"Sonata in C major" (ch 3),

"Swan",

"Sentimental Waltz"

romance from the movie "The Gadfly",

« Love story»,

"Evening",

"Elegy",

"Prelude No. 1",

"Prelude No. 3",

choir,

"Prelude No. 4",

"Prelude No. 13",

"Prelude No. 15",

"Melody",

"Prelude No. 17"

P. Tchaikovsky,

Bizet

Lekana,

saint sans,

P. Tchaikovsky,

D. Shostakovich,

F. Lay,

D. Lennon,

Faure,

J. S. Bach,

J. S. Bach,

J. S. Bach,

F. Chopin,

F. Chopin,

F. Chopin,

K. Gluck,

F. Chopin

2-3 min.

3 min.

3-4 min.

2-3 min.

3-4 min.

3-4 min.

4 min.

3-4 min.

3-4 min.

2 minutes.

4 min.

3 min.

2 minutes.

4 min.

1-2 min.

4 min.

2-3 min.

Tonic action

"Czardas",

"Kumparsita"

"Adelita"

"Umbrellas of Cherbourg"

Monty,

Rodriguez

purcelo,

Legrand

2-3 min.

3 min.

2-3 min.

3-4 min.

In addition to the usual listening to music (passive form of music therapy), you can and should use a variety of active tricks, tasks and exercises used in correctional and medical pedagogy. These are different methods. I would like to talk about the methods that I use constantly in my work.

Great response from childrenelements of fairy tale therapy. So, under a certain character of music, children get into a fairy tale, portray the heroes of their favorite fairy tales and compose themselves. own fairy tales. Each hero of the fairy tale has his own melody, and it can change depending on the mood of the child.

I also actively use the methodvocal therapy In working with children, vocal therapy classes are aimed at forming an optimistic mood: the performance of life-affirming formula songs, optimistic children's songs that can be sung to the soundtrack or accompanied by accompaniment.I noticed that children who sing become more emotionally responsive, more liberated in an unfamiliar environment, muscle clamps are also removed, the child becomes more plastic articulatory, which also has a beneficial effect on the general emotional state, as a rule, children after vocal lessons arrive in positive mood. And of course I would like to say about the reception of music for children noise instruments. And for several years now there has been an ensemble of spoon-carriers in our school. For me, it was a surprise with what great desire the children began to practice on spoons, overcoming pain in their fingers, sacrificing change. There are unbalanced children in the ensemble, often reacting aggressively even to the most harmless remarks. So, both I and the teaching staff noticed that with the beginning of learning to play on spoons, the children began to respond more adequately and calmly to comments addressed to them. The ensemble began to be invited to various festivals and concerts. How much pride, joy was in the children's eyes. Because our school is mainly involved in activities among correctional institutions. Summing up, I can say that playing with spoons increased the self-esteem of children. After all, this is a rather difficult task and not everyone can do it. And this realization by the child of the fact that “I can” elevates him in his own eyes and gives confidence in his abilities in everyday life.

In this way , music therapy will have a beneficial effect on the general emotional state of children, increase the emotional status of children if they:

Favorable conditions have been created for practicing music therapy with children;

Thought out methodological techniques: special musical exercises, games, tasks;

Selected special pieces of music;

all the senses in children are involved;

The integration of musical influence with other activities has been established.

Bibliography:

1) Zhavinina O., Zats L. Musical education: searches and finds // Art at school. - 2003. - No. 5. Kiseleva P. In the key of C-major // Teacher's newspaper.

2) Markus L. I., Nikologorodskaya O A. Heals anger and fills time Do it yourself. - 1990. - № 3. Ovchinnikova T. Music for health. - St. Petersburg.

3) Union of Artists, 2004. Shanskikh G. Music as a means of correctional work // Art at school. - 2003.

5) http://nsportal.ru/detskii-sad/raznoe/muzykalnaya-terapiya

6) http://darmuz.ucoz.ru/

Therapeutic possibilities musical art.

The perception of music, its performance are the main forms of not only musical perception, but also musical psychotherapy. History has left many facts testifying to the successful use since ancient times. therapeutic possibilities musical art. Humanity learned about the healing properties of music from the Bible.

The first to scientifically explain the healing effect was Pythagoras. In the III century BC. e. in the Parthian kingdom, a musical medical center was created, where, with the help of specially selected melodies, they treated melancholy, nervous disorders, and heart pains.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the famous psychoneurologist Vladimir Mikhailovich Bekhterev began to study the influence of music on the human body. The scientist came to the conclusion that music can relieve fatigue and energize a person, positively affect the circulatory and respiratory system. Academician Bekhterev believed that mothers sing to their babies for a reason. “Without a lullaby, the full development of a child is generally impossible,” the scientist wrote.

Spiritual, religious music restores peace of mind, gives a sense of peace. If we compare music with medicines, O religious music is an analgesic in the world of sounds, that is, it relieves pain.

Thanks to the scientific research of Swedish scientists, it became known to the whole world that the sounds of the bell, containing resonant ultrasonic radiation, kill typhoid bacilli, causative agents of jaundice and influenza viruses in a matter of seconds. And it is no coincidence that during the period of epidemics, bells rang tirelessly in churches.

Mozart's music has a universal effect - and all experts are unanimous in this. It has a truly magical effect: for colds and headaches, depression and mental stress. Moreover, the effect of the music of the great Austrian extends not only to people, but also to domestic animals and even to inanimate objects. For example, in Europe, they found that cows who regularly listened to Mozart's works gave more milk, and the Japanese believe that Mozart makes bread more fluffy, and sake rice vodka more fragrant.

It has been established that during singing there is a special vibration of the internal organs. On the one hand, it helps diagnosis, on the other hand, it activates the functions of breathing. Singing cheerful songs helps with heart ailments, contributes to longevity.

Not only certain melodies, but also certain instruments help a person feel better. So, it is believed that the harp harmoniously affects the work of the heart. The drum also helps the diseased heart to normalize the rhythm and heals the hematopoietic system. A gentle violin heals the soul and promotes self-knowledge of a person. The noble organ harmonizes the activity of the spine and puts "order in the head." It was not for nothing that works were performed on it mainly in churches and temples, after which people came out with a clearer consciousness and pure thoughts.

The piano normalizes the functioning of the thyroid gland, and the flute expands and cleanses the lungs.

Music therapy can be effective method treatment of childhood neuroses, which today are increasingly affecting preschoolers. The current preschool educational institutions should by all possible means help the society to solve these problems.

The main focus is on introducing children to works of high musical art: works of the "golden fund" of musical culture. The best music for treatment and relaxation is classical.

Relaxing, relaxing music can be listened to both during the day and in the evening, before going to bed, in a comfortable, pleasant environment. At the same time, the room should have a muffled, calm light. Comfortably seat or lay the children down, remind about proper breathing (as a rule, experts advise breathing not with the chest, as we are used to, but with the stomach, exhale at the expense of “ten”) thanks to such breathing, air penetrates into the cells and helps to relax better.

Activating classical music improves brain activity, helps to return lost and expended energy. Use this music while playing, taking morning routines.

Music therapy has three types: receptive (passive), active, integrative.

Integrative Music Therapy includes two methods:

Musical color therapy- synthesis of music and color (perception of music in combination with color).

Music isotherapyI- based on the synthesis of musical and visual perception. Musical perception in combination with viewing the masterpieces of world art has a strong psychotherapeutic effect on the child, helps to get out of conflict situations, deepens attention, awakens a feeling of love for oneself, life. Transferred to paper (in drawing) music gives self-confidence.

Receptive Music Therapy used in working with preschoolers with visual impairments, speech disorders, who have emotional and personal problems.

Active music therapy includes vocal therapy which helps the cardiovascular system and folklore therapy, which teaches the harmonization of external and inner peace person.

Kinesitherapy develops as an independent technique and is based on the connection between music and movement, includes: choreography, corrective rhythm,rhythm therapyanddance therapy. It gives a positive effect in children with impaired speech, vision and hearing, musculoskeletal apparatus.

A special place in kinesitherapy is occupied by dance therapy. Mastering the dance, those involved not only learn the movements, but also create an artistic image. He. It has a great emotional impact on performers and spectators.

Music therapy is used both in the process of listening to music and in the process of the exercises themselves.

To relieve stress, or vice versa, to activate the emotional sphere of the child's personality, they use music for relaxation, as well as recording the sounds of nature (the noise of the sea, forest, thunderstorms, etc.)

Music therapy exercises.

Exercise "Sound of the sea".

Students listen to the sounds of the sea and then invite them to "breathe" like the sea. Take a quiet, soft breath with your stomach and gently raise your hands up. And then exhale to the sound "sh". Exhale for a long, long time, drawing in the stomach so that all the air comes out. Gently lower your arms and inhale again.

Relaxation exercise "Magic dream"

Calm music sounds with the sounds of nature. The teacher offers to sit comfortably, relax, close your eyes. Installation:“You are now in a magical dream. Rest easy with your eyes closed. May everyone have a good good dream.”

Eyelashes fall...

Eyes are closing...

We rest in peace (2 times),

We fall asleep with a magical dream.

Breathe easily, evenly, deeply ...

Our hands rest...

Feet rest too...

Rest, fall asleep ... (2 times)

The neck is not tense

And relaxed...

Lips slightly open

Everything is relaxing wonderfully ... (2 times)

The tension has gone...

And the whole body is relaxed (2 times),

It's like we're lying on the grass

On the green, soft grass...

The sun is shining now...

Our feet are warm...

Breathe easily...evenly...deeply...

Lips are warm and flaccid

And not at all tired.

We rested calmly

They fell asleep with a magical dream.

It's good for us to rest!

But it's time to get up!

Exercises for rhythm therapy.

Exercise "Air Bubbles"

To the sounds of the splashing of the waves, the children walk very quietly, lightly and softly on their toes, dancing to the music. They represent themselves as water bubbles, light and weightless.

Exercise "Heron".

Students sing any sound and stand as long as possible on one leg, spreading their arms to the sides like wings. This exercise trains the sense of balance, develops coordination of movements, forms the correct posture, strengthens the muscles of the legs.

Exercise "Snowdrifts and the sun."

One child is the "sun", all the rest are "snowdrifts". To the sound of a blizzard, children “turn into snowdrifts” and freeze in a certain position. The teacher asks what or who they have become. Then the "sun" with a soft touch helps the "drifts" to melt. After all the snowdrifts have "melted", the students dance to any cheerful music.

Exercises formusic therapy.

Exercise "Carpet-flying".

In this exercise, invite the children to fly on a magic carpet with Ivan Tsarevich. Students examine reproductions of paintings by V.M. Vasnetsov "Ivan Tsarevich on a Gray Wolf" and "Flying Carpet". To calm music, they close their eyes and imagine themselves as Ivan Tsarevich or Tsarevna, the children “fly” in the air on a magic carpet. The teacher touches them in turn, and they tell what they see below, below them, above, whether they are afraid to fly, whether it is cold or warm, whether it is easy to breathe, they want to fly even higher or go down to the ground.

Exercise "Sleeping Princess".

Students examine a reproduction of the painting by V.M. Vasnetsov "The Sleeping Princess". They are asked to imagine themselves as different fairy tale characters pictures, and freeze in a characteristic pose for this character. Then the teacher touches them in turn and everyone “wakes up” and dances in accordance with the chosen images to the music of P. Tchaikovsky from the ballet “The Sleeping Beauty”.

Vocal therapy.

« Melodization proper names or neutral phrases"- Ask the child to sing his name or any phrase (what he is doing now). Complication. Ask to sing your name or phrase with a certain intonation - anger and determination, sadness and despondency, fun and joy, calmness, etc.

« Melodization calls" - Sing emotionally colored calls with different intonations. (“Forward, friends!”, “Oh, how sad I am ...”, “What luck, what joy ...”, etc.). Children sing on a note and pitch that is convenient for them.

Exercise byfolklore therapy.

Atexercise "Whowhat does he play?"

Blindfolded children one after another must guess the names of folk musical instruments sounding alternately.

In addition to music therapy, music accompanies children and adults during the day in the group.

COMPLEXES OF EXERCISES FOR AWAKENING

« hare».

Children perform movements according to the text.

Here are fluffy bunnies

They sleep peacefully in their beds.

But bunnies stop sleeping

It's time to get up grey.

Pull the right hand

Pull the left hand

We open our eyes

Playing with legs

We press the legs

Straighten the legs

Now let's run faster

Along the forest path.

Let's turn from side to side

And we'll be completely awake!

Wake up, eyes!

Wake up, eyes! Are your eyes awake?

Children lie on their backs, lightly stroking their closed eyes.

Wake up ears! Are your ears awake?

Rub your ears with your palms.

Wake up, hands! Are your hands awake?

Rub hands from wrist to shoulder.

Wake up legs! Are your legs awake?

They tap their heels on the bed.

Wake up kids!

We woke up! Stretch, then clap.

« Sip».

Who is already awake?

Who stretched so sweetly?

sips

From toes to toes.

We'll stretch, we'll stretch

Let's not be small

We are growing, growing, growing!

N.Pikulev

Children stretch, alternately stretch their right hand, then their left, arch their backs.

« kittens».

Little kittens are funny guys:

Then they curl up into a ball, then turn around again.

Children lie on their backs, arms along the body. They bend their knees, legs pull up their chests, clasp their knees with their hands, return to her.

To keep the back flexible

So that the legs are quick,

Do kittens

For back charging.

Children lie on their backs, hands “in the castle” behind their heads, legs bent at the knees .. Tilt the knees to the left, in and. n., tilt of the knees to the right, in and. P.

The steam locomotive puffed

he took the kittens for a walk.

Children sit, legs together, hands in support behind. Bend the legs at the knees, pull them to the chest with the sound "f-f" on the exhale.

Kittens have afternoon tea soon?

Their bellies are rumbling.

Children sit in Turkish, one hand on the stomach, the other on the chest. Inhale through the nose

drawing in the stomach; exhale through the mouth, inflating the stomach.

Here come the kittens

Got to the sun.

Children stand on the floor, raise their hands up, stretch.

LULLABIES FOR BABY

little kids

Little kids are sleeping

Everyone sniffs with their noses,

Everyone sniffs with their noses,

Dream magic all look.

The dream is magical and colorful,

And a little funny.

The mischievous bunny is dreaming,

He hurries to his home.

Dreaming of a pink elephant

He is like a small child

Laughing, playing

But he doesn't fall asleep.

Sleep, little children!

A sparrow sits on a branch.

He chirps and you hear:

Hush, hush, hush, hush...

N.Baidavletova

Lullaby of cubs

Hush, Little Baby, Do not Say a Word!

I sing a song to Sasha

About funny teddy bears

What are they sitting under the tree?

One paw sucks

The other one gnaws at the seeds.

The third sat on a stump,

He sings a song loudly:

"Sasha, sleep, sleep,

Close your eyes…”

Bayukalka

(lullaby of the Ural Cossacks)

Hush, Little Baby, Do not Say a Word!

There is a house on the edge.

He is not poor, not rich,

The room is full of guys.

The upper room is full of guys

Everyone is sitting on benches

Everyone is sitting on benches

They eat sweet porridge.

butter porridge,

Spoons are painted.

The cat sits next to

He looks at the kids.

You, cat-cat,

You have a gray pubis

white skin,

I will give you a kokurka (butter biscuit).

Come on, kitty

Download kids to me

To me, kids to swing, lull.

And the night will end...

(Russian folk lullaby)

Bye-bye, bye-bye

And the night will end.

And while the kids

Sleeps in bed until morning.

The cow sleeps, the bull sleeps,

A beetle sleeps in the garden.

And a kitten next to a cat

He sleeps behind the stove in a basket.

The grass sleeps on the lawn

Leaves are sleeping on the trees

The sedge sleeps by the river,

Master class for parents of preschool children "Music therapy in the system of health saving"

Author: Gulyaeva Tatyana Anatolyevna, music director GBOU secondary school No. 19 JV "Kindergarten "Ship"
Novokuibyshevsk, Samara region
The material is relevant for teachers of kindergartens and schools.
Target: reveal the possibilities of music therapy in the prevention of diseases and health improvement of children and adults.
Tasks:
- to teach methods of vocal therapy based on diaphragmatic breathing;
-offer practical musical material for use at home;
- Teach techniques for relaxing muscles and expressing emotions.
Hello dear parents! There is no need to convince anyone that music can create a certain mood and evoke corresponding emotions. But the fact that she is also an excellent doctor is not known to everyone. Meanwhile, the ability of sounds to heal a long time ago was noticed by ancient healers. Music therapy is not limited to psycho-emotional impact, it is able to penetrate the body not only through the hearing organs, but also through the skin, as it has a wave nature, and the skin contains vibroreceptors that perceive sound waves, which, acting at a certain frequency, trigger the pain system. That is, in the mechanism of musical influence there is a phenomenon
bioresonance. It is known that each cell of our body oscillates with a certain frequency, and if these vibrations fall into resonance with sound vibrations, the cell reacts to sound in a certain way. Cancer cells react very violently to music, and from one music they begin to actively grow and multiply, and from another, on the contrary, their growth slows down. Music therapy also has a therapeutic effect in diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal tract, broncho-pulmonary pathologies.
Listening to what kind of music gives a healing effect? It's basically classical works performed symphony orchestra : "Ave Maria" by Schubert, "Moonlight Sonata" by Beethoven, "The Swan" by Saint-Saens relieve tension; "Waltz of the Flowers" by Tchaikovsky is capable of curing stomach ulcers; the creative impulse is stimulated by Dunaevsky's "March" from the movie "Circus", "Bolero" by Ravel, "Saber Dance" by Khachaturian; to prevent fatigue, it is necessary to listen to "Morning" by Grieg, "The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky; complete relaxation can be obtained after listening to "Waltz" by Shostakovich from the movie "Gadfly", "Snowstorms" by Sviridov; normalizes blood pressure and heart activity Wedding March» Mendelssohn; relieves headache and neurosis listening to "Polonaise" Oginsky; the suite "Peer Gynt" by Grieg normalizes sleep and brain function; Beethoven's "Sonata No. 7" cures gastritis, and Mozart's music promotes development mental abilities children. Do not abuse listening to rock, too loud aggressive music, as this is fraught with the accumulation of negative emotions, nervous tension and excitement.
Besides, the sound of individual instruments((clarinet, cello, violin, flute, piano, organ, etc.) at a moderate pace and volume of sound affects different organs and parts of the body. The clarinet activates the circulatory system; violin and piano soothe; the flute has a positive effect on the bronchi and lungs; cello - on the genitourinary system; harp harmonizes the work of the heart, relieves heart pain, relieves arrhythmia; the body leads to a state of spiritual harmony; trombone has a positive effect on the skeletal system, relieves clamps in the spine; percussion clear energy channels.
In order to correct the psycho-emotional states of children, I offer all parents a selection of "therapeutic" musical works both performed by a symphony orchestra and the sound of individual instruments.
With the help of children's songs, you can also correct the condition of children. A major cheerful, dynamic melody is able to cheer up, speed up the work of the heart, raising blood pressure and speeding up the pulse, and minor melodic, calm music is appropriate when, as they say, it is necessary, as they say, "to moderate the ardor", relieve overexcitement, for relaxation.
With the onset of the winter period, with exacerbation of broncho-pulmonary diseases, it is especially important to use vocal therapy. The impact of vowel sounds on the body is different, since each vowel has its own amplitude of vibration of the vocal cords. Singing some vowels energizes, others calms, relaxes, relieves tension, which is an excellent prevention against stress. In addition, each sound affects a specific organ. For example, "BUT" positively affects the functioning of the heart, large intestine, stimulates energy;
"O" stimulates the liver;
"U" helps to stabilize emotions, affects the psyche;
"E" acts at the cellular level, stimulates cell regeneration;
"E" helps to overcome an inferiority complex;
"AND" improves brain function;
"I" activates internal forces organism, immune system;
"YU" the sound of youth, renewal, has a beneficial effect on the kidneys, skin.
The most important sounds are "A" and "O", these are donors that give the body energy.
The use of full breathing contributes to the achievement of the desired healing effect.
SINGING METHOD:
Before singing vowels, you need to take the pose of a ballerina, take a deep breath (“belly”), hold your breath and then use the energy of a full exhalation, imagining how the sound goes up like a golden thread. Such diaphragmatic breathing strengthens the respiratory system, which helps to increase resistance to colds and other diseases, and is also an effective means of removing toxins and cleansing the body, massage the internal organs. The pitch of the voice should be comfortable for the singer, the duration should be until full exhalation, the time of singing one vowel should be several minutes.
Very effective for healing sound games with consonants. Games with sound "AT" it is useful to perform with the onset of a runny nose. “Close your eyes, spread your arms and sound like a plane that is far away, then it is approaching (the sound gets louder), then it sounds very loud, then the plane is moving away.” Or the sound game “Wind” when “B” sounds, imitating the howling of the wind. You can also play with sound. "AND"("Beetles"), with which you can relieve a cough, or with a sound "Z"- if you have a sore throat. Playing with sounds will help relieve fatigue "Tr-tr-tr"("We start the engine"), "SH", which relaxes, relieves tension ("Blow off the ball"). Games can be accompanied by movements, which is very popular with children.
Exercises and etudes from "Psycho-gymnastics" by M. Chistyakova will help to create a calm mood, a relaxed state of masculature, relieve tension.
During the training with parents exercises for muscle relaxation"Old Mushroom", "Icicle", "Rod" and sketches for the expression of various emotions"Sour and sweet", "The chanterelle overhears".
An important factor in achieving mental, and hence physical health and psychological stability are the Formulas of musical self-hypnosis:
1. Formulas of psychological stability: “I go firmly through life”, “Just laugh” and others.
Example: "Just laugh!"
Just laugh and smile, but don't give up, don't let go.
And get up and straighten up, hold on tight and laugh again!
2. Formulas for accepting misfortune: “Whatever happens to me” (smile in case of failures), “I forgot about my failures” (forgetting failures) and others.
Example: "I forgot about my failures"
I forgot my defeats, I forgot my sorrows,
I forgot what weighed on me, everything that weighed heavily on my heart.
I don’t remember anything bad, and I don’t need another happiness,
I don’t call, I don’t regret, I don’t cry, I forgot my failures.
3. The formula for relaxation and calm: "Oh peace, silence"(lullaby to myself)
Oh, the peace, the silence and the anticipation of sleep.
Sweet to me in silence, soft light pours into my soul to me.
Take a break from worries, fall asleep, dear friend,
And rather in silence, forget everything that was around.
4. Worry and Bad Thought Protection Formula: "Do not stress yourself in any work"
In any work, do not strain, and if you strain, quickly relax.
Tense muscles are a source of anxiety, from which fatigue goes to the mind and brain.
And if you relax them, you will not get tired for a long time, you will be healthy, fresh, like a bright May day!
5. Positive Thought Formula: "My life is what I think about it"
My life is what I think about it, my strength is what I think about it.
My will is what I think about it, my health is what I think about it.
I think that my life is beautiful, I think that I am very happy.
I believe that I do not live and think in vain, and my fate will bestow happiness on me!
6. Formula for increasing self-esteem and positive perception of others "I am good, you are good"
I am, I am good. I, I, I am calm. I, I, I am healthy. I, I, I'm funny.
I am very smart. I am very kind. I am very strong. I am very brave.
I, I, I love you. I, I, I love you. I, I, I love you. I love you.
You, you, you are the smartest. You, you, you are the kindest. You, you, you are the most gentle. You, you, you are the best.
You, you, you are just amazing. You, you, you are amazing. You, you, you are just an angel. You, you, you are a gift of fate.
Those who wish are also offered Fasting Formulas, Health Formulas for cardiovascular diseases, diseases of internal organs, bronchial asthma, and pain in the legs.
(Formulas with musical accompaniment contained in the book by V. Petrushin "Musical Psychotherapy")
What is their effectiveness? They are aimed at forming in a person such principles in relation to the life around him that would contribute to harmony of his inner world. Persistence in case of failures, protection from negative thoughts, the ability to enjoy life and thank fate are the main content of these formulas. They are aimed at cultivating faith in life and searching for those reference points in it that give it meaning. Orientation to the meaning and to the deed is an important factor mental health and psychological stability.