Drawings on the theme of the village wooden world. Lesson summary of fine arts Village - wooden world

Village - wooden world

• Kireeva Tatyana Ivanovna
• art teacher
• MBOU Dorogobuzh secondary school No. 2
• Smolensk region

• Lesson of fine arts in the 4th grade according to the program of B.M. Nemensky

• Russian dwelling - Izba

• Village - wooden world

Human life has always been connected with the nature of the native land The nature of nature has shaped the way people live, determined where and how to build houses

• Sometimes houses seemed to merge with the natural environment. The tree served as the main material in the construction of the house.

VILLAGE - tree

• VILLAGE - tree
• STREET - "at-face"

• The main place in it is occupied by a stove, therefore they call houses huts - (from the words "istba", "istopa" - a warm place), i.e.
• a hut is a dwelling that was heated from the inside, served as protection from the cold.

Izba - Russian log house

• The huts were built from hewn, unpainted logs, which looked like silver on a cloudy day, and like warm honey in the sun.

Each row of logs fastened together makes up a crown. A crown upon a crown - and a cage, or a log house, grows.

• Each row of logs fastened together makes up a crown. A crown upon a crown - and a cage, or a log house, grows.

hut

• The huts are high, on two floors

• In houses, wooden floors are required, in attics - sand: everything is for warmth.
• lower floor - podklet - protects against dampness, cold, floods

Near the hut they put cage, where clothes, grain, dishes and other supplies were stored

• Near the hut they put cage, where clothes, grain, dishes and other supplies were stored

Near the cage were placed barns, well

• Near the cage were placed barns, well

Hut decoration

• gable roof - building cap. The higher it is, the easier snow and rain roll off it.

• A log crowns the roof - dumbass
• Coolness was perceived by the people
• as a protector of a peasant family

• dumbass

Closes the junction of the log cabin with the triangle boards under the roof frontal board

• Closes the junction of the log cabin with the triangle boards under the roof frontal board
• The edges of the roof protrude, and their ends cover the patterned boards - prichelina
• The junction of the prichelins is closed hanging down towel

• towel

• Often the windows of the house were decorated with carved platbands,
• shutters.

• wood carving

• What does I. Bunin compare the Russian forest with?
• What words does the author describe the forest and the tower?
• Based on this description, tell me what character corresponds to the image of the Russian tower?
• The image of a Russian dwelling is joyful, fabulous, hospitable!

• Forest, like a painted tower,
• Lilac, gold, crimson.
• Cheerful, colorful wall
• It stands over a bright meadow.
• Birches with yellow carving
• Shine in blue azure,
• Like towers, Christmas trees darken,
• And between the maples they turn blue
• Here and there, in the foliage
• through
• Clearances in the sky, that windows.
• The forest smells of oak and pine,
• During the summer it dried up from the sun,
• And autumn is a quiet widow
• Today she entered her own tower ...
• I. Bunin

Exercise:

• Exercise:
• Draw an image of a Russian hut against the backdrop of Russian nature.
• The design of the huts is similar, but the images are very different.
• There is a hut-bogatyr - a wide mighty house, and another hut is high, the slopes of its roof resemble a forest spruce in shape. And you can meet a grandmother's hut with one window, comfortably nestled among tall trees, etc.

Peasant house of northern type

Lesson summary on fine arts

Teacher: Gorshkova V.V.

Lesson topic: The village is a wooden world.

Goals:

- introduce teachingwith wooden architecture;

- consider diversityie rural wooden buildings;

- phoreinforce constructive skill;

Strengthen interdisciplinary connections;

- developcreative abilities of students;

- cultivate interest in folk art.

Equipment:

materials: simple pencil, colored pencils, eraser.

visibility: sample drawing, pictures.

During the classes:

I Organizing time.

- Hello guys. Today I will give you a lesson in fine arts, my name is VictoriaVladimirovna, sit down

Check if everything is on your desks. You should have simple and colored pencils, an eraser.

Today we will go many years back, and where, you will find out by reading the rebus. (Village)

Where do you think this word comes from?

Let's go together with you to the Russian village and turn into masters. So, everyone is ready. Take your jobs and go.

II Introduction to a new topic.

1. Introductory conversation.

Long ago, when Russia was called Rus, there were neither large cities nor modern stone buildings. There were only fields, but dense dark forests. From time immemorial, Russia has been a forest country.

Our land is rich in forests,

And the forest in it is both slender and even.

Once the walls and towers of the Kremlin,

And they were collected from logs.

Wood was the most accessible material for creating household items. And, of course, Russian craftsmen built their own dwellings from wood.

What was the name of this dwelling? (hut)

What was the meaning of this word in antiquity?

(In ancient times, this word sounded like "fire", "firebox", that is, a dwelling that was heated from the inside and served as a reliable shelter from the cold.)

Guess the riddle and you will find out which tree was used to build it.

I have longer needles than a Christmas tree.

I am growing very evenly.

If I'm not on the edge,

Branches only at the top.

What tree did you guess? (Pine)

Pine was the main building material.

What part of the tree was used in the construction? (Trunk)

Various building materials were made from the trunks: beams, boards, logs.

Men cut logs from logs,

Only one assistant-axe.

But the ancient huts are still strong,

And the pattern on the shutters is thin.

What tool was needed in the construction of wood? (Axe)

What is the name of the profession of a person who builds something out of wood? (A carpenter)

Did carpenters have nails in the old days? (Not)

But how, then, logs and beams were connected to each other? (Using cutouts)

Each row of logs fastened together formed a crown. A crown upon a crown - and a cage or a log house grows. Log cabins are the basis of any construction in Russia. If this log house was intended for housing, then it was called a chopped hut. Remember what they called mansions? (Large huts, richly decorated) And the towers? (Tall structures with living quarters on top)

Guys, who can list the components of a Russian hut? (depicted on the board)

(Log house, releases, roof, ridge, prichelina, towel, comb, forehead, frontal board, platband)

The ancient masters invested the deepest meaning not only in building a house, but also in decorating it. How were Russian huts decorated?

(threaded)

What components of the hut must be decorated? (Pricheliny, towel, frontal board)

What motifs were used in the carving? (A carved round rosette is a symbolic image of the sun, images of birds and horses, a horse's head above the hut)

What meaning did the masters put into decorating the hut? (Signs - amulets in the most important places, as it were, protected from evil spirits)

The huts in the villages have never been painted or sheathed with anything before. People knew how to appreciate the amazing beauty and warmth of wood.

What other buildings can be found in the village? (Barns - for storing grain, sheds, wells, bathhouses, mills, richly decorated gates - entrance to the courtyard, church)

Not immediately, not suddenly, building skills were born. Where do you think the ancient masters drew their experience and inspiration from? (From nature, handed down from generation to generation)

III Practical work

- Guys, let's start the practical work. Pay attention to the step-by-step execution of the drawing.

IV Job Analysis

Groups take turns presenting their work.

Is the composition correct?

VOutcome

We have built an amazing village. And now we are going back. What do you remember about our trip to the Russian village today? What new interesting things have you learned?

Where does the homeland begin?

That's right, that is, from a small homeland.

Thin birches, Russian huts and gardens, surrounded by a simple wattle fence - all this is so close and dear. This is all a small homeland, which N.M. Romadin talks about with love in the painting-landscape "The Village of Khmelevka".

Nikolai Mikhailovich Romadin was born in 1903 in the family of a railway worker. From the age of eleven he began to earn money himself and help a large family. He studied and worked at the same time. As a young man, he volunteered for the Red Army. Romadin received his artistic education in Moscow at the Higher Artistic and Technical Workshops. He painted a lot of landscape paintings. All of them speak of the artist's deep love for Russian nature with its wide expanses, deep rivers, hills and forests.

Consider the landscape "The Village of Khmelevka" by N.M. Romadin. (slide 3)

What feelings does this picture give you?

Where is Khmelyovka located?

What season is shown in the picture? Can we say that these are the golden days of autumn? Why?

Compare the color of the autumn forest with the color of the water, the coast and the sky. What mood is expressed in this picture?

Why did the color of the far bank of the river change?

Can we say that the landscape is illuminated by the sun? Why?

How is the image of Russian nature and the Russian village connected?

What is your overall impression of the picture?

The artistic language of the painting "The Village of Khmelyovka" is very expressive. On the banks of the Volga, the village of Khmelevka is picturesquely spread out, freely located among the wide Russian expanses. The blue-gray huts, roofed somewhere with hemp, somewhere with straw, beams scattered along the slopes, leave the impression of some lonely and tender bitterness.

Inexpressible, blue, tender...

My land is quiet after storms, after thunderstorms.

And my soul is a boundless field -

Breathes the scent of honey and roses.

This street is familiar to me

And this low house is familiar.

wire blue straw

Dropped under the window.

I love this wooden house

Formidable power glimmered in the logs,

Our stove is somehow wild and strange

Howled on a rainy night.

And now that behold the new light

And my life touched fate,

I still remain a poet

Golden log cabin.

S. Yesenin

The center of the village has always been the church (temple), and in the village - respectively, the chapel. Even if the trading square became the center of a large village,

then the church was always built on the edge of the market. (slide 4)

Let's listen to a poem

about the temple prepared by the students of our class.

TENT TEMPLE

Crowning the picturesque peak,

Rising up on the holy island,

Nikolsky Skete, like a giant,

Frozen in the blue sky.

The tent temple stands so lonely!

Sparkles with a golden dome in the darkness

At the entrance to the deep Ladoga bay

Shows off in the foggy silence.

Sacred corner of earthly paradise,

Where are the age-old pines to the skies,

And the waves splash, washing the rocks,

At the pier there is a bow cross.

Moss spreads in wide carpets,

Harmony is present in everything

Sometimes you don't feel the ground with your feet

For a while, you forget about the past.

The soul will find complete freedom here,

Gaining faith and peace

And, inspired by the wondrous nature,

Take a piece of happiness with you!

N. V. Votintseva

Educational project on fine arts "VILLAGE WOODEN WORLD" Grade 4 Introduction Development of an educational project: VILLAGE - WOODEN WORLD Objectives: - To cultivate love and interest in art - To develop creative and cognitive activity Tasks: - To involve in useful activities; - Develop aesthetic taste, observation. - Perceive and aesthetically evaluate the beauty of Russian wooden architecture. -Characterize the importance of the harmony of the building with the surrounding landscape. -Explain the design features of the Russian hut and the purpose of its individual elements. - Depict by graphic or pictorial means the image of a Russian hut and other buildings of a traditional village. - Master the skills of design - design a layout of the hut. -Create a collective panel (3D layout) by combining individually made images. - Master the skills of collective activity, work in an organized manner in a team of classmates under the guidance of a teacher. Methodical passport of the educational project. Topic: Village - wooden world Class: 4th grade Lesson time: 4 lessons Form of work: lesson Project type: creative Equipment: For the teacher: presentation, drawings and photographs with views of folk wooden buildings, audio recording of bells. For students: scissors, pencil, glue, paper, gouache, brushes. Project work. 1. Research stage-1 lesson Purpose: to introduce the world of the Russian village; material for the construction of a Russian hut and its forms; explain the purpose of the dwelling; capture the world of Russian dwellings in a drawing; introduce the terms “hut”, “log house”, “verb”, “purse”, “prichelina”, “towel”, “platband”, “horse”. Planned results: learn about the role of wood in construction; repeat the specifics of Russian wooden architecture; get acquainted with various types of construction; create an image of a Russian dwelling in a drawing; develop creative skills. Type of activity: drawing with wax crayons. Equipment: wax crayons, landscape sheet, drawings and photographs with views of folk wooden buildings. Kizhi - acquaintance with buildings. Russian folk songs. NAMES OF THE MASTERS Geniuses of Old Architecture People of unclear fate! What is your name and patronymic, Designer of the hut, Whose hand sketched out its modest estimate? From logs planed, hewn Your glorious name! Why didn’t you cut the name Though in the curlicues of the carving? Lord save me! Do I expect boasting: Here is your hut, God's paradise - and that's it! What do you care about our names? You are modest, you pretend, Architect of forgotten times, His mica windows, You, who preceded Bazhenov, His Vesnin brothers! 1967 Leonid Martynov Components of the Russian hut: Types of houses: The verb-type of the northern hut has the shape of the letter "G". The utility rooms are located at right angles to the residential ones. Purse - all residential and household premises in such a house are grouped and combined into a single square log house. Its huge array is covered by a common gable roof, and its top does not pass over the middle of the entire building, as is usually the case, but along the axis of the residential part of the house. Therefore, the roof slopes are different: one is short and steep, and the other is gentle and long. The house really becomes like a purse. A windmill is a complex engineering and technical structure. In order for the mill to start working, its wings must be installed with the help of a tycoon parallel to the wind. The movement from the rotation of the wings is transmitted to the central vertical riser, from it by a transmission system to the millstones. Ownership of the mill was available only to a wealthy peasant, who took in kind for grinding. The poorest peasants used hand millstones. Church. They built churches from pine, without using iron nails. The domes were covered with silvery aspen plowshares. The only tool the peasants used was the axe. They not only cut down trees, but performed the most intricate and fine carvings. Well. From ancient times in Russia, wells were treated with reverence. Various healing properties were attributed to well water. The well was treated as a place where you can get away from worldly worries for a while, be alone with yourself for a while. In Russia, there was even a special day for Fyodor Kolodeznik - June 21. This day was considered the most suitable for finding places where you can dig a well. Introduce terms. Drawing of a Russian hut (log house), bell tower, well, church, mill. Material colored wax crayons. Technological stage: Lesson 2 Purpose: to repeat the construction of Russian wooden architecture; consolidate knowledge about the use of wood in construction; define images for their reproduction in design; master the skills of teamwork; perform the main and decorative details of Russian buildings in the panel; introduce the terms "panel" and "scale". Type of activity: paper design, applique, creation of a panel with the image of a traditional Russian village. Expected results: the ability to work collectively, work in groups, mastering design skills, gain knowledge about different forms of wooden buildings. The class is divided into creative workshops, usually 4 people, 5-6 workshops per class, they come up with the name of the workshop and the work is done by groups of children who design models of wooden buildings from paper logs and work in an organized team. Paper logs are being harvested - “lumberjacks”, the main ones in the workshop appear and they begin to lead everyone, there is a heated discussion, and by the end of the lesson, already glued works are handed over. The work is signed: the name of the workshop, participants. Equipment: scissors, paper, PVA glue. Verb Purse Well Belfry Church Mill 2. Intermediate stage-3 lesson. Purpose: to master the skills of teamwork, creating the image of a traditional village, a collective panel with the union of group buildings made. Type of activity: drawing and creating an image of a Russian village. Expected results: The background of the future collective work is drawn on two Whatman sheets, artists who work with gouache paints stand out from the groups, the rest prepare their work, cut it out and work with gouache. When all the work is ready, they stick it on a common background. Equipment: gouache paints, brushes, sponge, PVA glue, jars of water. 3. The final stage.-4 lesson. The image of a Russian person (Russian national costume). Tasks: -Get an idea about the features of the national image of male and female beauty. -Understand and analyze the design of the Russian folk costume. - Gain experience of emotional perception of the traditional folk costume. -Distinguish the activities of each of the Brothers-Masters (Master of the Image, Master of Decoration and Master of Construction) when creating a Russian folk costume. -Characterize and aesthetically evaluate the images of a person in the works of artists. -Create female and male folk images. - Master the skills of drawing a human figure. Purpose: to study the images of female and male images in the paintings of Russian artists, to repeat the skills of depicting a person with paints, to teach the image of elements of folk costumes, to introduce the terms "kokoshnik", "sarafan", "soul warming", "kichka", "caftan". Type of activity: drawing Planned results: image of female and male Russian folk images (individual work), development of human image skills. Cut out works are pasted on a collective panel. Equipment: gouache, brushes, water, PVA glue. 4. Stage Reflection Lesson 1: -Name the type of work that you did in the lesson? -What supplies do you need? What material was the most common in ancient Russia? - What are the components of the log house do you know? What other decorations were used in the construction of the hut? - What other buildings, besides the hut, were built in Russia? Lesson 2: - What is the name of the island on which the museum of wooden architecture is located? -Name the type of work that you did in the lesson. -What supplies do you need? -What is a panel? -What is the rhythm in the panel? Lesson 3: -What is scale? How did the word "street" come about? -What is the role of each of the three Master Brothers in creating the image of the Russian village on the panel? Lesson 4: -Name the type of work that you did in the lesson? -What supplies do you need? What rules should be followed when drawing a human figure? -What do the terms "kokoshnik", "sarafan", "soul warmer", "kichka", "caftan" mean. -What details of folk costumes did you use in your works? -Did you manage to convey the characters of the people you drew? -What is the role of each of the three Master Brothers in creating the image of the Russian people? Result: "What happened?" - the most interesting thing was... - I liked it... - what did you learn... - if I were a teacher, then... - what questions were the most difficult? Collective work of 4th grade students on the project "VILLAGE WOODEN WORLD"

The presentation was made according to the program of B.M. Nemensky "Fine Arts and Artistic Work", based on the textbook for the 4th grade of elementary school "Fine Arts. Every nation is an artist" Author - L.A. Nemenskaya.

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Slides captions:

The village is a wooden world.

Village - “tree” Huts were cut from wood, hence the word “village”. I. STOZHAROV. Northern villages.

The village is not only residential huts. This is a whole wooden world of buildings for various purposes: wells, gates - the entrance to the yard, barns, sheds, a threshing floor, bathhouses near the water.

SHED - a room for storing various things. BARN - storage room for grain and supplies

Village huts in the old days were placed out of order, but, as they said in a “joyful place”, so that the owner would be comfortable and not to interfere with the neighbor. Over time, they began to build them with a facade, that is, facing the road, and the result was a “street”, and from the streets - a village. Villages were built along the rivers.

In the center - in the best and most prominent place they put the church. People came here with their hopes, brought their sorrows and joys. Ancient churches differed little from the hut. They have only on the roof, on a thin neck - a cupola, as if tied with a scarf.

From the image of a modest peasant church, the craftsmen gradually moved on to hip architecture. Festive striving overcame everyday life, and the princess-church was born. Step by step, the development of architectural forms went from simple to complex. This is especially evident in the image of the famous Transfiguration Cathedral from Kizhi Island in Karelia.

This is a quadrangular frame - "chetverik", on which stands the "octagon" - the octagonal base of the tent. How the chorus rush to the top of the onion dome. The domes seem to be united by a mighty force, but soft, kind and feminine. So kokoshniks appeared as decorations at cathedrals. Below, such a building was often surrounded by a hospitable porch. Tent Temple

In ancient Russia, it was believed that a village without a mill was the poorest.

Create a collective panel "The image of the Russian village" Task

Sources: L.A. Nemenskaya. Art. Every nation is an artist. Proc. for grade 4 of the primary school. / Edited by B.M. Nemensky, M. Prosvesh. 2010 http://findmapplaces.com Saransk 2010

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