Identify musical instruments by name. Musical instruments pictures for children

A musical instrument is not just an object for producing sound, it is a virtuoso instrument in the hands of a musician that can conquer, pacify, and excite minds and souls. The history of musical instruments goes back to the distant past.

The Birth of Musical Instruments

Historians have put forward many different hypotheses regarding the appearance of ancient musical instruments. Based on the results of archaeological excavations in the territories inhabited by different ethnic groups, scientists came to the conclusion that the oldest type musical instruments were percussion. The essence percussion instruments- in tapping rhythm, and simple rhythm was the first form.

Other types of musical instruments have an equally long history. So, the prototype of the first string instruments There was a bow string that, when pulled, made a characteristic sound. And the sound created by blowing air into a hollow stem has become a prototype.

Three ways to classify musical instruments

All musical instruments divided into groups based on the presence of common characteristics. The first of them is the method of sound production. Based on the name of the element responsible for producing sound, several different types of instruments are distinguished. So, strings include and, and the saxophone, like the flute, is wind instruments. Accordion and simple harmonica All kinds of drums are webbed instruments. There are also rarer types: for example, plate (xylophone) or rod (triangle, celesta).

Harp

The second classification is based on the method of exciting sound. Moreover, in a group of instruments with the same sound production, several groups with different types of sound excitation can be distinguished. Among the wind instruments, there are dulce or whistling flutes; reed or reed (oboe, bassoon), mouthpiece or brass (viola, trombone, trumpet, bugles and even hunting horns). Strings are divided into plucked (harp, balalaika, harpsichord) and bowed (family .

Clarinet

The third principle of typing is the method of sound production. In Group drum sound is extracted by striking it with the hand or with a hammer, which provokes vibration of vibrators of any shape: plates in a xylophone, rods in a triangle, drum membranes...

Xylophone

Based on all of the above, we get a triple classification: the piano is a keyboard-percussion string musical instrument.

Evolution of musical instruments

Each stage of human evolution was reflected in musical culture. Century after century, music becomes more diverse, more complex, and more perfect from a technical point of view. The development of music is manifested in the emergence of new musical instruments, more virtuosic, comfortable, and melodic.

Many pre-existing musical instruments remain buried in the annals of history. Others improve over time, becoming the founders of entire families of instruments. Instruments such as the organ, harpsichord, piano, flute and many others played an important role in the development of world musical culture.

The most modern type of musical instruments today are considered. They are created using the latest advances in electronics and technology and are capable of producing radically new, unusual sound. Electromusical instruments are a whole phenomenon in modern musical culture, which has given rise to separate directions of music, and another confirmation of the thesis of the parallel development of culture in general and music in particular.

Music is an amazing phenomenon. Its sounds can touch the deepest recesses of human nature. The cheerful melody makes people start dancing, meekly obeying the irresistible influence of its intricate patterns. Some music, on the contrary, makes you feel the sadness and sadness that the author carefully put into every note of the work. Good song is a journey into the musician, where he, like a guide, will lead the listener through the beautiful or terrifying depths of his soul. The sounds of music pour out what cannot be expressed in words.

Music in antiquity

Humanity has been familiar with the art of music since for a long time. Archaeologists are constantly finding different kinds musical instruments in the places where our ancestors lived. It is assumed that the first instruments were percussion instruments. They made it possible to set the rhythm necessary for the same type of work or achievement. Some finds indicate that wind instruments also have their roots in ancient times.

With the development of civilization, people's preferences also changed. Musical instruments were constantly progressing, they became more complex and sophisticated, bringing variety and novelty to cultural life person. Great musicians were revered and given generous gifts, which indicates their high status in society.

The place of music in the modern world

Over time, music became an integral part of the life of not only idle nobles, but also ordinary people who composed songs about their difficult fate. It can be assumed that the art of music has accompanied humanity since time immemorial and will accompany it as long as last representative our species will not leave this mortal world.

Today, musicians have access to hundreds of different musical instruments. Anyone who decides to take up music will be able to choose an instrument to their liking. However, no matter what bizarre forms modern devices for creating music take, most of them can be classified as drums, strings or wind instruments. Let's take a closer look at the main types of musical instruments.

Wind musical instruments

Wind instruments have firmly taken their place in the hearts of music lovers. How in classical works, and in modern musical compositions, their mesmerizing sound continues to delight listeners. There are different types of wind musical instruments. They are mainly divided into wooden and copper.

Wooden instruments produce different sounds due to the shortening of the air flow passing through the instrument. A great example of such an instrument is the flute. In it, by opening or closing holes on the body, you can make the sound higher or lower. Such instruments appeared quite a long time ago and were originally made of wood, which was the reason for their name. These include oboe, clarinet and saxophone.

The sound of brass instruments is influenced by the strength of the air flow and the position of the musician's lips. The main material from which such tools are made is metal. Most brass instruments are made from brass or copper, but there are exotic options made from silver. Initially, such instruments could only produce sounds, but over time they acquired mechanisms that allowed them to extract chromatic tones. Most well-known representatives brass instruments can be called tuba, trombone, horn, and also various types of this type can diversify any composition with their bright and rich sound.

Hugely popular in modern society use stringed musical instruments. In them, the sound is extracted due to the vibration of the string and is amplified by the body. There are different types of musical instruments that use strings to create sound, but all of them can be classified as plucked, bowed or percussion instruments.

Plucking a string is used to create music. Prominent representatives plucked instruments are such popular instruments as guitar, double bass, banjo, and harp. Bowed instruments differ from their plucked counterparts in that they use a bow to produce notes. It slides along the strings, causing them to vibrate. Violin, viola, cello are the most famous bowed instruments. The most popular percussion string instrument is the piano. In it, notes are struck by striking the on a tightrope. For ease of playing, musicians are provided with a keyboard interface, where each key corresponds to a different note.

musical instruments

It's hard to imagine a modern musical ensemble no drums. They set the rhythm of the entire composition, create the pulse of the song. The rest of the musicians in the group follow the rhythm set by the drummer. Therefore, one of the oldest and most important means of creating music is rightfully considered shock types musical instruments.

Percussion instruments are divided into membranophones and idiophones. In membranophones, sound is extracted from a membrane stretched over the body of the instrument. These include such popular representatives musical world, like tambourine, drums, timpani, bongos, djembe and countless other instruments. In idiophones, the sound is produced by the entire instrument, or the instrument consists of many sounding elements of different pitches. For example, xylophone, vibraphone, bells, gong, triangle are just a few examples of idiophones.

Finally

Whatever type of musical instrument you choose, the main thing to remember is that music is created not by the instrument, but by the musician. Good musician will extract a beautiful melody from empty tin cans, but even the most expensive instrument will not help someone who does not like music sound good.

Musical instruments are designed to be played different sounds. If the musician plays well, then these sounds can be called music, but if not, then cacaphony. There are so many tools that learning them is like an exciting game worse than Nancy Drew! In modern musical practice, instruments are divided into various classes and families according to the source of sound, material of manufacture, method of sound production and other characteristics.

Wind musical instruments (aerophones): a group of musical instruments whose sound source is vibrations of the air column in the barrel (tube). They are classified according to many criteria (material, design, methods of sound production, etc.). In a symphony orchestra, a group of wind musical instruments is divided into wooden (flute, oboe, clarinet, bassoon) and brass (trumpet, horn, trombone, tuba).

1. Flute is a woodwind musical instrument. Modern type transverse flute(with valves) was invented by the German master T. Boehm in 1832 and has varieties: small (or piccolo flute), alto and bass flute.

2. Oboe is a woodwind reed musical instrument. Known since the 17th century. Varieties: small oboe, oboe d'amour, English horn, heckelphone.

3. Clarinet is a woodwind reed musical instrument. Constructed in the early 18th century In modern practice, soprano clarinets, piccolo clarinet (Italian piccolo), alto (so-called basset horn), and bass clarinets are used.

4. Bassoon - a woodwind musical instrument (mainly orchestral). Arose in the 1st half. 16th century The bass variety is the contrabassoon.

5. Trumpet - a wind-copper mouthpiece musical instrument, known since ancient times. The modern type of valve pipe developed to the gray. 19th century

6. Horn - a wind musical instrument. Appeared at the end of the 17th century as a result of the improvement of the hunting horn. The modern type of horn with valves was created in the first quarter of the 19th century.

7. Trombone - a brass musical instrument (mainly orchestral), in which the pitch of the sound is adjustable special device- a slide (the so-called sliding trombone or zugtrombone). There are also valve trombones.

8. Tuba is the lowest sounding brass musical instrument. Designed in 1835 in Germany.

Metallophones are a type of musical instrument, the main element of which is plate-keys that are struck with a hammer.

1. Self-sounding musical instruments (bells, gongs, vibraphones, etc.), the source of sound of which is their elastic metal body. Sound is produced using hammers, sticks, and special percussionists (tongues).

2. Instruments such as the xylophone, in contrast to which the metallophone plates are made of metal.

Stringed musical instruments (chordophones): according to the method of sound production, they are divided into bowed (for example, violin, cello, gidzhak, kemancha), plucked (harp, gusli, guitar, balalaika), percussion (dulcimer), percussion-keyboard (piano), plucked -keyboards (harpsichord).

1. Violin is a 4-string bowed musical instrument. The highest register in the violin family, which formed the basis of the classical symphony orchestra and string quartet.

2. Cello is a musical instrument of the violin family of the bass-tenor register. Appeared in the 15th-16th centuries. Classic designs created Italian masters 17-18 centuries: A. and N. Amati, G. Guarneri, A. Stradivari.

3. Gidzhak - stringed musical instrument (Tajik, Uzbek, Turkmen, Uyghur).

4. Kemancha (kamancha) - a 3-4-string bowed musical instrument. Distributed in Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Dagestan, as well as the countries of the Middle East.

5. Harp (from German Harfe) is a multi-string plucked musical instrument. Early images - in the third millennium BC. In its simplest form it is found in almost all nations. The modern pedal harp was invented in 1801 by S. Erard in France.

6. Gusli is a Russian plucked string musical instrument. Wing-shaped psalteries (“ringed”) have 4-14 or more strings, helmet-shaped ones - 11-36, rectangular (table-shaped) - 55-66 strings.

7. Guitar (Spanish guitarra, from Greek cithara) - stringed plucked instrument lute type. Known in Spain since the 13th century, in the 17th-18th centuries it spread to the countries of Europe and America, including as folk instrument. Since the 18th century, the 6-string guitar has become commonly used; the 7-string guitar has become widespread mainly in Russia. Varieties include the so-called ukulele; in modern pop music an electric guitar is used.

8. Balalaika is a Russian folk 3-string plucked musical instrument. Known since the beginning. 18th century Improved in the 1880s. (under the leadership of V.V. Andreev) V.V. Ivanov and F.S. Paserbsky, who designed the balalaika family, and later - S.I. Nalimov.

9. Cymbals (Polish: cymbaly) - a multi-stringed percussion musical instrument ancient origin. Included in folk orchestras Hungary, Poland, Romania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, etc.

10. Piano (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) - the general name for keyboard musical instruments with hammer mechanics (grand piano, upright piano). The piano was invented in the beginning. 18th century The emergence of a modern type of piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - dates back to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

11. Harpsichord (French clavecin) - a stringed keyboard-plucked musical instrument, the predecessor of the piano. Known since the 16th century. There were harpsichords of various shapes, types and varieties, including the cymbal, virginel, spinet, and clavicytherium.

Keyboard musical instruments: a group of musical instruments combined common feature- presence of keyboard mechanics and keyboard. They are divided into various classes and types. Keyboard musical instruments can be combined with other categories.

1. Strings (percussion-keyboards and plucked-keyboards): piano, celesta, harpsichord and its varieties.

2. Brass (keyboard-wind and reed): organ and its varieties, harmonium, button accordion, accordion, melodica.

3. Electromechanical: electric piano, clavinet

4. Electronic: electronic piano

piano (Italian fortepiano, from forte - loud and piano - quiet) is the general name for keyboard musical instruments with hammer mechanics (grand piano, upright piano). It was invented at the beginning of the 18th century. The emergence of a modern type of piano - with the so-called. double rehearsal - dates back to the 1820s. The heyday of piano performance - 19-20 centuries.

Percussion musical instruments: a group of instruments united by the method of sound production - impact. The source of sound is a solid body, a membrane, a string. There are instruments with a definite (timpani, bells, xylophones) and indefinite (drums, tambourines, castanets) pitch.

1. Timpani (timpani) (from the Greek polytaurea) is a cauldron-shaped percussion musical instrument with a membrane, often paired (nagara, etc.). Distributed since ancient times.

2. Bells - an orchestral percussion self-sounding musical instrument: a set of metal records.

3. Xylophone (from xylo... and Greek phone - sound, voice) - a percussion, self-sounding musical instrument. Consists of a series of wooden blocks of varying lengths.

4. Drum - a percussion membrane musical instrument. Varieties are found among many peoples.

5. Tambourine - a percussion membrane musical instrument, sometimes with metal pendants.

6. Castanets (Spanish: castanetas) - percussion musical instrument; wooden (or plastic) plates in the shape of shells, fastened on the fingers.

Electromusical instruments: musical instruments in which sound is created by generating, amplifying and converting electrical signals (using electronic equipment). They have a unique timbre and can imitate various instruments. Electric musical instruments include the theremin, emiriton, electric guitar, electric organs, etc.

1. Theremin is the first domestic electromusical instrument. Designed by L. S. Theremin. The pitch of a theremin varies depending on distance right hand performer to one of the antennas, volume - from the distance of the left hand to the other antenna.

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Noun, number of synonyms: 1 instrument of profit (1) Dictionary of synonyms ASIS. V.N. Trishin. 2013… Synonym dictionary

musical instrument- muzikos instrumentas statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: engl. musical instrument vok. Musicinstrument, n rus. musical instrument, m pranc. instrument de musique, m … Fizikos terminų žodynas

musical instrument- ▲ musical instrument keyboard instrument. piccolo. A string is a tight thread that produces a sound of a certain frequency when vibrating or rubbing. vulture instruments: chordometer. monochord. fork. ↓ resonant lumber... Ideographic Dictionary of the Russian Language

Electronic musical instrument- Electronic device such as electronic organ, an electronic piano or musical synthesizer that plays music under the control of a musician... Source: GOST R IEC 60065 2002. Audio, video and similar electronic equipment.... ... Official terminology

A musical instrument, the name of which in Russia refers to several varieties of recumbent harps. G. psalted have similarities with the Greek psalter and the Hebrew kinnor; these include: G. Chuvash, G. Cheremis, G.... ... encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

Musical instrument Caucasian highlanders: a round, bucket-shaped wooden body on which a bubble with two holes (voices) is stretched. A stick passes through the body, half wooden (vulture), half iron. There are 2 or 3 pegs on the neck... ... Encyclopedic Dictionary F.A. Brockhaus and I.A. Ephron

What types of musical instruments are there? Why are some musical instruments called wind instruments, while others are called percussion instruments?

Musical sounds can be extracted from a wide variety of objects. However, the best musical instruments are made from carefully selected materials that are most suitable for producing clear sound in the desired range.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/218/images/image002_58.gif" alt=" Signature:" align="left hspace=12 alt="width="174" height="162">!} The modern classification of musical instruments belongs to Hornbostel and Sachs, where they are divided according to material and method of sound production. Full classification contains more than 300 categories.

The oldest musical instruments appeared in the Paleolithic and Neolithic eras. Their initial functions are magic, signaling and others. Modern musical instruments are divided into various classes and families according to the method of production, sound production, material of manufacture and other characteristics. There are wind, keyboard, string, percussion, and electric musical instruments. Instruments are also divided into self-sounding, membrane string and wind instruments, as well as plucked, friction, percussion, etc.

Wind musical instruments (aerophones) are a group of musical instruments whose sound source is air vibrations in the bore (tube). They are classified according to many criteria, by material, by design, by methods of sound production. In a symphony orchestra, a group of wind musical instruments is divided into oboe and clarinet according to the material of manufacture into wooden ones: flute, bassoon, and copper ones: trumpet, clarinet, tuba.

Woodwind instruments include the flute, clarinet, oboe, bassoon, kurai and the saxophone that joins them (despite the fact that it itself is metal, the reeds in it are wooden). Brass instruments include trumpet, trombone, horn, tuba

Reed wind instruments include harmonica, accordion, button accordion, accordion

Flute (from the German Flote) is a woodwind musical instrument. Numerous varieties of flutes, starting with the simplest whistles, have been known since ancient times. Spread in Europe in the 17th century, longitudinal flute(block flute, then flageolet) was supplanted by the transverse, which from the 18th century became solo, ensemble and orchestral instrument. The modern type of transverse flute (with valves) was invented by the German master T. Bem in 1832 and has varieties: small (or piccolo flute), alto and bass flute. Unlike other wind instruments, the flute produces sounds by cutting the air stream against an edge, instead of using a reed. A musician who plays the flute is usually called a flutist.

Large flute (Flauto - Italian, Flote - German, Flute - French) - a wind instrument, wooden or metal, less often bone; consists of a cylindrical tube, open at the bottom and having a small side opening at the upper end. Air is blown into this side hole. The player holds the flute horizontally, which is why it is called transverse or flute traversiere, in contrast to the flute a bec, which is held during playing like a clarinet; this latter has fallen into disuse. In addition to the above two holes, the flute has 11 holes, 6 of which are closed with fingers, and 5 with valves. Placing your fingers on the holes and valves is called fingering. With all holes of the flute closed, it produces the lowest sound. More high notes are obtained using sounds of a natural scale, extracted from notes in the first octave due to clenching of the lips (letting air through). The low register of the flute is weak, but has a soft, velvety sound; The middle and especially the upper registers are stronger. The sound character of the flute is melodic, poetic, but lacks warmth. flute is one of ancient instruments, constantly improving. The flute reached a special development in the 19th century, thanks to the works of Boehm. Among the group of woodwind instruments, the flute is the most agile virtuoso instrument. In the orchestra, they mainly write two flute parts. The flute should not be used constantly in the orchestra to avoid monotony. In addition to the large flute, there are other flutes, for example the tertz flute, which sounds on minor third higher than usual. A quart flute is a quart higher, an octave flute, or small flute (piccolo) is an octave higher, an Es flute is a minor decima higher, a flute d'amour is sounding a minor third lower than the major one. Of all these types of flutes, except large, in practice a small octave flute is used.

Bassoon (Italian fagotto, literally - knot, bunch) is a woodwind musical instrument (mostly orchestral). It arose in the 1st half of the 16th century. The bass variety is the contrabassoon.

Bassoon (Fagotto or Bassone - Italian, Basson - French, Fagott - German) is a woodwind instrument. The bass oboe has a long tube, which is bent in half and tied, which gave this instrument the name bassoon (fagot in French - a bunch, a bundle). From the top of the instrument there is a thin metal tube in the shape of the letter S, to the end of which is attached a double mouthpiece consisting of two closely folded plates, like an oboe. The bassoon was invented in 1539 by Canon Afranio in Ferrara. Significantly improved in the mid-16th century by instrumental maker Sigmund Scheitzer in Nuremberg, the bassoon became widespread in Germany, France, and Italy. Later, Allmenröder improved the system of valves and holes and regulated the sonority of each note of the chromatic scale produced by this instrument. It has a great bass voice among woodwind instruments. This is one of the most useful instruments of a symphony orchestra. The best registers are low and medium; the high register in the first octave has a compressed sound. It is easier to play in tunings with a small number of sharps or flats. The bassoon technique is similar to the oboe technique. Trills consisting of two notes with sharps or flats are difficult. The bassoon is very useful for supporting low-tuned string instruments. It is extremely rarely used for a small solo. The bassoon quart - enlarged - has the same volume in writing, but each note sounds a perfect quart lower than the written note. With the introduction of the contrabassoon, in which each note sounds an octave lower than the written one, the quart bassoon fell out of use.

Trumpet (Italian tromba) is a brass wind musical instrument that has been known since ancient times. The modern type of valve pipe has developed towards the middle. 19th century.

Trumpet (tromba, clarino, plural clarini - Italian, Trompete - German, trompette - French) is a brass instrument with a tube eight feet long, with a bell at the end. At the top of the pipe there is a mouthpiece-cup in the form of a hemisphere, through which the player blows air into the instrument. The shape of such a mouthpiece is used in all brass instruments, with the exception of the horn, which has a funnel-shaped mouthpiece. The device of the mouthpiece wooden instruments absolutely. The pipe tube is bent into an oval, in the middle of which the crowns are placed. Real view pipes is quite similar to the one installed under Louis XI. The trumpet is a military instrument. The trumpet was first used in opera at the beginning of the 17th century, in Monteverdi's Orpheus. Pipes can be natural, producing only natural sounds, or chromatic, with valves. Natural pipes come in different sizes, and therefore different tunings. On some pipes, the tunings are changed using machines or crowns. The trumpet is primarily a transposing instrument. General character The pipes are energetic, militant, bright. By inserting a damper (a type of plug) into the socket, the sound is significantly weakened. The lower sounds of the trumpet are dull, the middle ones lend themselves to all nuances, from piano to fortissimo. The upper sounds are predominantly inclined to forte. Sustained, but not too long notes, melodies and passages. Mainly harmonic (broken chord - fanfare), playing with unrelated notes - in the character of the trumpet. Rapid repetition of the same note using a double or triple tongue strike (Schmetterton) is quite accessible to the trumpet. The orchestra mainly uses two trumpets. For the trumpet, the tuning is chosen that can give the natural sounds of this tuning required by the piece. It has been 30 years since the natural trumpet has been replaced by the trumpet with valves or the chromatic Trompette a piston, Ventiltrompete. From the valves the trumpet acquired a chromatic scale, but lost its silvery sonority and somewhat warlike

Trombone (Italian trombone, magnifying from tromba - trumpet) is a wind brass musical instrument (mainly orchestral), in which the pitch of the sound is regulated by a special device - a slide (a sliding trombone or a train trombone). There are also valve trombones. Trombone (trombone, magnifying from tromba - trumpet; Posaune - German.) - a metal instrument that looks like a large, bent oval metal pipe. In its upper part there is a mouthpiece, similar to a cup in the shape of a hemisphere, through which the performer blows air. The bottom bend is cut off and can move freely up and down the main tube. The moving part of the trombone is called the slide. When the slide is pulled out, the sound decreases, and when it moves, it increases. trombones come in different sizes and, therefore, different volume sounds: alto, tenor, bass. Written for trombone. the parts sound as they are written. The trombone is more capable of fast performance than others. The tenor trombone is the most commonly used of the three, as it is sonorous and strong. Due to its volume, it often replaces the bass or alto in an orchestra. The timbre throughout the instrument is good, in forte the sound is brilliant, in piano it is noble. The part of this trombone should not be given much mobility. The bass trombone is a slightly mobile, heavy instrument (due to large sizes), tiresome, although its sound is powerful, but often the bass trombone is replaced in the orchestra by a tenor trombone. The alto trombone part is written in the alto key, and the high notes in the violin key, the tenor part in the tenor key, and the bass note in the bass key. Often, however, all parts of three trombones are written on the same notation system. When using all three trombones together, you should try to ensure that they move simultaneously and form harmonic, consonant combinations. In a compressed arrangement, trombones produce a strong sonority, in a wide arrangement they sound softer. The trombone solo is rarely used in orchestras. Tenor instruments are more suitable for this purpose..gif" alt=" Signature: Oboe" align="left" width="114" height="30 src=">название по первой низкой ноте его натуральной гаммы, но в выше приведенных объемах тромбона эти ноты не упомянуты, как очень трудные для исполнения. Эти низкие ноты называются педалевыми звуками; каждый из них, вследствие !} pulling out the slide gives three more chromatic pedal sounds below.

Oboe (from the French hautboy, tall tree) woodwind reed musical instrument. Known since the 17th century. Varieties: small oboe, oboe d'amore, English horn, heckelphone.

A characteristic feature of the oboe is its double reed, which distinguishes it from the clarinet, which has a single reed. Among the instruments of a modern orchestra, the oboe, oboe d'amour, cor anglais, bassoon and contrabassoon are equipped with double reeds. The cor anglais is an enlarged alto oboe in F tuning.

Clarinet (French clarinette, from Latin clarus - clear (sound)) is a woodwind reed musical instrument. Designed at the beginning. 18th century. In modern practice, soprano clarinets, piccolo clarinet (Italian piccolo), alto (so-called basset horn), and bass clarinets are used. It has the shape of a cylindrical tube, the lower hole of which ends in a small bell. Blow into the top hole through a mouthpiece, 102" height="39" bgcolor="white" style="border:.75pt solid black; vertical-align:top;background:white">

Horn (from the German Waldhorn, lit. - forest horn, Italian. corno) is a wind musical instrument. Appeared at the end of the 17th century as a result of the improvement of the hunting horn. The modern type of horn with valves was created in the first quarter of the 19th century.

Modern appearance the horn was acquired in 1815, when a long pipe was twisted into several turns; At the same time, the instrument acquired three valves. With these valves, the horn player can play any note in the range from contra H to F in the second octave.

Tuba (Latin tuba - trumpet) is the lowest sounding brass musical instrument. The tuba was designed in 1835 in Germany.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/218/images/image020_30.gif" alt=" Signature:" align="left" width="138 height=40" height="40">Саксофон изобретён Адольфом Саксом в Бельгии. Патент на саксофон получен 17 мая 1846 года. Корпус саксофона изготовляется из меди. Подушечки на клапанах делаются из кожи. Представляет собой параболическую трубку с клювообразным мундштуком и одинарной тростью. Духовой музыкальный инструмент. Используется преимущественно как эстрадный инструмент.!}

https://pandia.ru/text/78/218/images/image022_4.jpg" alt="b_302i" align="left" width="218" height="162 src=">Идиофоны - инструменты, в которых звучащим телом является весь инструмент (гонг, там-там), либо состоящие из целиком звучащих тел (треугольник, ксилофон, маримба, вибрафон, колокольчики)!}

Based on their material, idiophones are further divided into

https://pandia.ru/text/78/218/images/image024_3.jpg" alt="k_281i" align="left" width="217" height="162 src=">Деревянные идиофоны, звучащие элементы которых сделаны из дерева - деревянная коробочка, темпле-блоки, ксилофон.!}

126" height="54" bgcolor="white" style="border:.75pt solid black; vertical-align:top;background:white"> Percussion instruments exist with an indefinite pitch, among them: Instruments with a membrane: drums, tambourines, etc. Instruments with a self-sounding body: triangles, cymbals and gongs, castanets, various bells, shakers and maracas, wooden boxes,

flexatone, etc. With a certain heightsound, that is, tuned to notes. Including bells, timpani, some types of cowbells, woodblocks, gongs, etc. Keyboard drums: xylophone, vibraphone, marimba, bells and other similar instruments designed for playing individual notes and various melodies

Castanets

Timpani (timpani) (from Greek. polytaurea; Italian. plural timpani, German. Pauken), a cauldron-shaped percussion musical instrument with a membrane,

often paired (nagara, etc.). Distributed since ancient times.

It has been part of the symphony orchestra since the 17th century, usually using 2 or more timpani.

Bells, orchestral percussion self-sounding musical instrument: a set of metal records.

https://pandia.ru/text/78/218/images/image028_26.gif" alt=" Signature:" align="left" width="162 height=78" height="78">Ксилофон (от ксило... и греческого phone - звук, голос), ударный самозвучащий музыкальный инструмент. Состоит из ряда деревянных брусочков различной длины. Распространен у многих народов, главным образом в Африке, !} South-East Asia, Latin America. In professional European music from the beginning of the 19th century; modern varieties - marimba, tubafon.

Drum, percussion membrane musical instrument. Varieties are found among many peoples.

Tambourine is a percussion membrane musical instrument, sometimes with metal pendants. Common among many peoples: Uzbek doira; Armenian, Azerbaijani, Tajik def; shamanic drums among the peoples of Siberia and the Far East.

Castanets (Spanish castanetas), percussion musical instrument; wooden (or plastic) plates in the shape of shells, fastened on the fingers. Distributed in Spain, Italy, countries Latin America. There are folk and orchestral castanets.

Musical instruments are divided into percussion and wind according to the method of producing sound. Some use vibrations that occur when metal or wooden objects hit each other to produce sound, others use vibrations of air waves from a person’s lungs as it passes inside a musical instrument. Hence their names. Percussion comes from the word to hit, and wind instruments come from the word to breathe. Percussion instruments are considered more ancient because their structure is much simpler than that of wind instruments.