School Encyclopedia. What are fairy tales? Full classification

Our life is simply impossible to imagine without fairy tales. We get to know them in early childhood. From fairy tales, we first learn that in the world there is good and bad, good and evil. Fairy tales awaken and develop the imagination, teach little man distinguish good from bad, think, feel and empathize, gradually preparing him to enter into adult life. First, my mother reads to us “Turnip” and “Ryaba the Hen”, then introduces us to Magic world fairy tales by Pushkin and Charles Perrault. And there we are already reading amazing tales Nikolai Nosov, Vitaly Bianchi and Evgeny Schwartz. And what are fairy tales?

Fairy tales happen

• folk, or folklore;
• literary, or copyright.

The folk tale came to us from time immemorial. After a hard labor day or long winter evenings, with a torch lit in the hut, people folded and listened to fairy tales. Then they retold them to each other, simplifying or embellishing, enriching them with new heroes and events. So they passed from mouth to mouth, from generation to generation. But fairy tales were formed not only for the sake of entertainment, in them people wanted to express their attitude to life. In folk tales, we see faith in reason, goodness and justice, the triumph of truth over falsehood, glorification of courage and bravery, disregard for stupidity, hatred of enemies or mockery of them. A folk tale allows you to feel a connection with the past and gives you the opportunity to join the origins of folk culture.

Folk tales, in turn, are divided into three types:

• fairy tales about animals;
• fairy tales;
• household stories.

From time immemorial, animals have lived next to humans, so it is not surprising that they are often the main characters in folk tales. Moreover, in fairy tales, animals often have human qualities. Such fairy tale character immediately becomes more understandable to the reader. And the role of a person in the plot of a fairy tale can be primary, secondary or equal. By genre, there are fairy tales about animals and cumulative (repeated tales). hallmark cumulative fairy tale is the repeated repetition of a plot unit, as, for example, in "Turnip" and "Ryaba the Hen".

Fairy tales are distinguished by the fact that their heroes act in a fantastic, unreal world that lives and acts according to its own special laws, different from human ones. Such a fairy tale is replete with magical events and adventures that excite the imagination. Fairy tales are classified by plot:

• heroic tales associated with the struggle and victory over a magical creature - a snake, an ogre, a giant, a witch, a monster or an evil wizard;
• fairy tales related to finding or using some magical item;
• fairy tales related to wedding trials;
• fairy tales about the oppressed in the family (for example, about the stepdaughter and the evil stepmother).

feature everyday fairy tales is a reflection of everyday folk life and everyday life. In them rise social problems, negative human qualities and deeds are ridiculed. In a household fairy tale, elements of a fairy tale may also be present. In everyday fairy tales, as a rule, greedy priests and stupid landowners are ridiculed, and the hero of the fairy tale (a man, a soldier) emerges victorious from all troubles.

What is a literary tale?

A literary fairy tale has an author, which is why it is also called an author's fairy tale. it piece of art which can be written in prose or verse. The plot of a literary tale can be based on folklore sources, and may be exclusively original idea of ​​the author. A literary fairy tale is more diverse in plot, the narration in it is more saturated, it is replete with various literary devices. In it, as in a folk tale, there is also fiction and magic. But the predecessor author's fairy tale, of course, there was a folk tale, it is too connected with the folklore that gave birth to it. The author, individual author's fantasy, selection from the treasury of folklore only what the author needs to express and shape his thoughts and feelings - this is the main difference between a literary fairy tale and a folklore one.

Fine examples of a literary tale are the tales of A.S. Pushkin, K.D. Ushinsky, G.Kh. Andersen, the Brothers Grimm, E. Schwartz, V. Bianchi, JRR Tolkien and many other wonderful storytellers.

Despite the difference in types and genres, all fairy tales have one unifying principle - goodness. After all the ups and downs and untruths in a fairy tale, goodness and justice always win. Can not be evil tales. Fairy tales are only good. That's why they are fairy tales.

This is a touchy topic, but here are the most important ideas, the main issues, plot cores and, most importantly, the alignment of forces that carry out good and evil, in fact, are united in fairy tales different peoples. In this sense, any fairy tale knows no boundaries, it is for all mankind. Folklore has devoted a lot of research to the fairy tale, but defining it as one of the genres of oral folk art is still an open problem. The heterogeneity of fairy tales, an extensive thematic range, the variety of motives and characters contained in them, an uncountable number of ways to resolve conflicts really make the task of genre definition of a fairy tale very difficult. Nevertheless, the divergence in views on a fairy tale is associated with what is regarded in it as the main one: installation on fiction or the desire to reflect reality through fiction. The essence and viability of a fairy tale, the secret of its magical being is in the constant combination of two elements of meaning: fantasy and truth. On this basis, a classification of types of fairy tales arises, although not quite uniform. So, with a problem-thematic approach, fairy tales dedicated to animals, fairy tales about unusual and supernatural events, adventure fairy tales, social and everyday life, fairy tales-jokes, shifting fairy tales and others are distinguished. The groups of fairy tales do not have sharply defined boundaries, but despite the fragility of the distinction, such a classification makes it possible to start a substantive conversation with the child about fairy tales within the framework of a conditional "system" - which, of course, facilitates the work of parents and educators.
To date, the following classification of Russian folk tales has been adopted:1. Tales about animals;
2. Fairy tales;
3. Household fairy tales. Let's take a closer look at each of the species. Animal Tales Folk poetry embraced the whole world, its object was not only man, but also all life on the planet. Depicting animals, the fairy tale gives them human features, but at the same time fixes and characterizes habits, "way of life", etc. Hence the lively, tense text of fairy tales.
Man has long felt a kinship with nature, he really was a part of it, fighting with it, seeking protection from it, sympathizing and understanding. The later introduced fable, parable meaning of many fairy tales about animals is also obvious. In fairy tales about animals, fish, animals, birds act, they talk to each other, declare war on each other, reconcile. Such tales are based on totemism (belief in a totem beast, the patron of the clan), which resulted in the cult of the animal. For example, the bear, which became the hero of fairy tales, according to the ideas of the ancient Slavs, could predict the future. Often he was thought of as a terrible, vindictive beast, not forgiving offenses (the fairy tale "The Bear"). The further the faith in that goes, the more confident a person becomes in his abilities, the more possible his power over the animal, the "victory" over him. This happens, for example, in the fairy tales "The Man and the Bear", "The Bear, the Dog and the Cat". Fairy tales differ significantly from beliefs about animals - in the latter, fiction associated with paganism plays a large role. The wolf in beliefs is wise and cunning, the bear is terrible. The fairy tale, on the other hand, loses its dependence on paganism, becomes a mockery of animals. Mythology in it turns into art. The fairy tale is transformed into a kind of artistic joke - a criticism of those creatures that are meant by animals. Hence the proximity of such tales to fables ("The Fox and the Crane", "The Animals in the Pit"). Tales about animals stand out in special group the nature actors. They are divided into types of animals. Tales about plants, inanimate nature (frost, sun, wind), about objects (bubble, straw, bast shoes) adjoin here. In fairy tales about animals, man:
1) plays minor role(the old man from the fairy tale "The Fox steals fish from the cart");
2) occupies a position equivalent to an animal (a man from the fairy tale "Old bread and salt is forgotten"). Possible classification of the animal tale. First of all, the animal tale is classified according to the main character (thematic classification). This classification is given in the index fairy tales world folklore, compiled by Arne-Thomson and in the "Comparative Index of Plots. East Slavic Fairy Tale": 1. Wild animals.
- Fox.
- Other wild animals.
2. Wild and domestic animals
3. Man and wild animals.
4. Pets.
5. Birds and fish.
6. Other animals, objects, plants and natural phenomena. The next possible classification of the animal tale is the structural-semantic classification, which classifies the tale according to genre. There are several genres in the fairy tale about animals. V. Ya. Propp singled out such genres as: 1. Cumulative fairy tale about animals.

3. Fable (apologist)
4. Satirical tale E. A. Kostyukhin singled out genres about animals as: 1. Comic (household) fairy tale about animals
2. Magic fairy tale about animals
3. Cumulative Animal Tale
4. Novelistic tale about animals
5. Apologist (fable)
6. Joke.

The stories are different.
Told and untold...

Let's start with the fact that I will give you the most famous classification of fairy tales.

So, fairy tales are: folk and. Folk - these are those who do not have a specific author, the tale was passed on from mouth to mouth among the people and no one will say who it was originally written by. An author's story is a fairy tale that has a specific author. For example, "Black chicken or Underground inhabitants”is copyright, because its author is known. This is Anthony Pogorelsky.

Next classification concerns not authorship, but the content of fairy tales. According to this feature fairy tales are divided into:

1. Tales about animals;

2. Magic;

3. Social and household (satirically-household).

Animal Tales

These are the same fairy tales that should be read the very first (up to 5-6 years). They involve permanent characters (, wolf, fox, etc.). Mainly indicated permanent signs animals (the fox is cunning, the bear is strong, the cat is smart, the hare is timid, etc.). Of these tales, copulative ones stand out - selected according to the principle of plot connection (“Turnip”, “Kolobok”, “Teremok”). Many of them have a childish linguistic connotation (a mouse-norushka, a cat with a little white tummy).

Fairy tales

They involve romantic heroes, which embody the most best qualities person. Mandatory for this fairy tale: image goodie+ helpers + . The main thing in such fairy tales: the struggle for love, for truth, for good. They are characterized by rich language, colorful definitions, negative characters- fantastic (Baba Yaga, Leshy, Kikimora, Serpent Gorynych). As for the building fairy tales, then there are obligatory fabulous beginnings (once upon a time), the middle (the morning of the evening is wiser, how long - short) and the ending (and I was there, I drank honey - beer).

Social fairy tales

They are showing real life, social content, mocking negative human qualities. High moral qualities do not belong to the rich and people of high rank, but to representatives of the people (soldier, old man). It is not strength that wins, but intelligence and skill. Are given sharp negative characteristics master, priest, king and others. Such fairy tales appeared when there was a desire to change the social system, and they expressed the democratic mood of the people (the author). In social fairy tales, puns, humor, shifters, laughter, and satire are widely used.

In addition to all of the above, there are other types of fairy tales: personalized- about a specific person who is not invented by the author, but actually exists. Therapeutic- which help to correct the behavior, habits of children (for example, weaning nail biting).

It is possible that there are other types of fairy tales, but these are the only ones I know of. If you know more about fairy tales, please add to this list in the comments.

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A fairy tale is a specific phenomenon that unites several genres. Russian fairy tales are usually divided into the following genres: about animals, magical and everyday (anecdotal and novelistic). In historical terms, fairy tales are a rather late phenomenon. The prerequisite for their creation in each nation was the decomposition of the primitive communal system and the decline of the mythological worldview. The most ancient are fairy tales about animals, later fairy tales and anecdotes appeared, and even later short stories.

Basic artistic feature fairy tales - their plot. The plot arose due to the conflict, and the conflict was generated by life. At the heart of a fairy tale there is always an antithesis between a dream and reality. In the world of a fairy tale, a dream triumphs. In a fairy tale always appears main character, the action unfolds around it. The victory of the hero is a mandatory setting of the plot, a fabulous action does not allow violation of chronology or development parallel lines, it is strictly sequential and unilinear.

Fairy tales can be combined in one story. This phenomenon is called contamination (from Latin contaminatio - "mixing.

Fairy tales have the usual epic development: exposition - plot - development of action - climax - denouement. Compositionally, a fairy tale plot consists of motives. The tale usually has a main central motif. Fairy tale motifs are often tripled: three tasks, three trips, three meetings, etc. This creates a measured epic rhythm, a philosophical tone, and restrains the dynamic impetuousness of the plot action. But the main thing is that triplings serve to reveal the idea of ​​the plot. Elementary plots consist of only one motif (probably ancient myths were such). More complex view are cumulative plots (from the Latin cumulare - "increase, accumulation") - resulting from the accumulation of chains of variations of the same motive. Telling fairy tales they used traditional beginnings and endings - initial and final formulas. They were used especially consistently in fairy tales. The most typical are: In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived...(beginning); Made a feast for the whole world. And I was there, I drank honey-beer, it flowed down my mustache, but it didn’t get into my mouth.(ending). The beginning led the listeners out of reality into the world of a fairy tale, and the ending brought them back, jokingly emphasizing that the fairy tale is the same fiction as the very same honey beer, which did not enter the mouth.

Tales about animals (or animal epic) are distinguished by the main feature that their main characters are animals. Structurally, the works of the animal epic are diverse. There are single-motif tales ("The Wolf and the Pig", "The Fox drowns the jug"), but they are rare, since the principle of repetition is very developed. First of all, it manifests itself in cumulative plots. different kind. Among them - a three-time repetition of the meeting ("Bast and ice hut"). Plots are known with a multiple line of repetition ("Foolish Wolf"), which can sometimes claim to develop into a bad infinity ("The Crane and the Heron"). But most often cumulative plots are presented as multiply (up to 7 times) increasing or decreasing frequency. The last link has a resolving possibility.

For the composition of fairy tales about animals great importance has contamination. Only in a small part of these tales are stable plots, but in the main, the index does not reflect plots, but only motives. The motifs are connected to each other in the process of storytelling, but are almost never performed separately.

The genre form of the fairy tale was determined in folklore quite late, only after the decline of the mythological worldview. Hero of a fairy tale - a common person, morally and economically infringed as a result of the historical reorganization of the everyday way of life. Actually, the fairy tale conflict is a family conflict, it is in it that the social nature of the fairy tale genre is manifested. Two conflicts of different historical depths - mythological and family - are united within the same genre thanks to the image of the protagonist, who in all his modifications combines mythological and real (everyday) features.

From mythology, the tale inherited two types of hero: "high" (hero) and "low" (fool); the fairy tale itself generated the third type, which can be defined as "ideal" (Ivan Tsarevich). A hero of any type is usually the third younger brother and is named Ivan.

Most ancient type hero - a hero, miraculously born from a totem. endowed with enormous physical strength, it expresses the early stage of human idealization. Around the extraordinary strength of the hero. The main role of the heroine of a fairy tale is to be an assistant to the groom or husband. The fairy tale is one of the largest narrative forms of classical folklore. All her plots retain the traditional uniformity of the composition: his kingdom road to another kingdom - in another kingdom - road from another kingdom - his own kingdom. According to this narrative logic, a fairy tale combines into a whole (into a plot) a chain of motives.

Traditional stylistics played a certain role in the construction of fairy-tale plots: beginnings, endings, as well as internal formulas of a compositional nature.

The presence of formulas is a clear sign of the style of a fairy tale. Many formulas are pictorial in nature, associated with wonderful characters, they are a kind of marking.

The fairy tale actively used the poetic style common to many folklore genres: comparisons, metaphors, words with diminutive suffixes; proverbs, sayings, jokes; various nicknames for people and animals Formulas depicting a wonderful horse, Baba Yaga, are widely known. Some fairy tale formulas go back to conspiracies, they retain clear signs of magical speech (calling a wonderful horse,

Household fairy tales. In everyday fairy tales, a different view of a person and the world around him is expressed. At the heart of their fiction are not miracles, but reality, folk everyday life.

The events of everyday fairy tales always unfold in one space - conditionally real, but these events themselves are incredible Due to the improbability of events, everyday fairy tales are fairy tales, and not just everyday stories. Their aesthetics requires an unusual, unexpected, sudden development of action. In everyday fairy tales, sometimes purely fantasy characters, such as hell, grief, share. The plot develops due to the clash of the hero not with magical powers, but with complex life circumstances. The hero comes out unscathed from the most hopeless situations, because he is helped by a happy coincidence of events. But more often he helps himself - with ingenuity, resourcefulness, even trickery. Everyday fairy tales idealize the activity, independence, intelligence, courage of a person in his life struggle.

The artistic sophistication of the narrative form is not characteristic of everyday fairy tales: they are characterized by brevity of presentation, colloquial vocabulary, and dialogue. Everyday fairy tales do not tend to triple motives and generally do not have such developed plots as fairy tales. Tales of this type do not know colorful epithets and poetic formulas.

Of the compositional formulas, the simplest concept is common in them lived once as a signal for the beginning of a fairy tale. It is archaic in origin.

The artistic framing of everyday fairy tales with beginnings and endings is not mandatory, many of them begin right from the beginning and end with finishing touch the plot itself.

Anecdotal tales. Researchers call everyday anecdotal tales differently: "satiric", "satiric-comic", "everyday", "social everyday", "adventurous". They are based on universal laughter as a means of resolving conflict and destroying the enemy. The hero of this genre is a person humiliated in the family or in society: a poor peasant, a hired worker, a thief, a soldier, a simple-hearted fool, unloved husband. His opponents are a rich man, a priest, a gentleman, a judge, a devil, "smart" older brothers, an evil wife.

No one accepts such stories as reality, otherwise they would only cause a feeling of indignation. An anecdotal tale is a hilarious farce, the logic of the development of its plot is the logic of laughter, which is opposite to ordinary logic, is eccentric. The anecdotal tale took shape only in the Middle Ages. She absorbed later class contradictions: between wealth and poverty, between peasants. In fairy tales, realistic grotesque is used - fiction based on reality. The tale uses the technique of parody, comic word creation. Anecdotal tales can have an elementary, one-motif plot. They are also cumulative ("Stuffed fool", "Good and bad"). But their especially characteristic property is a free and mobile composition, open to contamination.

Novels tales. Everyday short story tales introduced a new quality into narrative folklore: an interest in inner world person.

The theme of short stories is personal life, and the characters are people related to each other by premarital, marital or other family relationships. The heroes of short stories are separated lovers, a slandered girl, a son expelled by his mother, an innocently persecuted wife. According to the content in this genre, the following groups of plots are distinguished: about marriage or marriage (“Signs of a princess”, “ Unsolved riddles"); about the test of women ("The Dispute about the Fidelity of the Wife", "Seven-Year Plan"); about the robbers ("The Bridegroom-Robber"); about the predetermination of the predicted fate ("Marko the Rich", "Truth and Falsehood"). Often the plots are " vagrant", developed in different time and many peoples.

In the Russian fairy tale, many short story plots came from folk books XVII-XVIII centuries together with an extensive translation literature - chivalric romances and stories. Short stories have a structure similar to fairy tales: they also consist of a chain of motifs with different content. However, unlike fairy tales, short stories depict not the whole life of the hero, but only some episode from it.

Fairy tales are very important genre in literature. It is from him that young children begin their acquaintance with the world of prose and poetry. But what do they mean, what is the history and specificity of author's fairy tales? Consider all this below, as well as a list of Russian literary fairy tales with their authors and features.

Definition

A fairy tale is a genre in literature, usually based on folklore. It can be both prosaic and poetic. However, this is mainly folklore prose, and each nation has its own fairy tales. The main difference for them is usually the presence mythical creatures and/or fantasy, fantastic, magical elements.

But unlike folklore works Fairy tales always have an author. Often in them there is an obvious struggle between good and evil, bad and good. Usually there is a main character - the "favorite" of the author and, as a result, the reader. And there is also an antihero - a mythical villain.

Story

As mentioned above, fairy tales originate from folklore. However, not always, because they can be purely copyrighted. They appeared a long time ago in the form of folklore works, transmitted "by word of mouth". In Russia, for a long time, their own folk tales.

Some works can be attributed to very old fairy tales. For example, many folklore tales Ancient Russia and church parables of the Middle Ages, in many ways reminiscent of the genre we are considering.

Further, fairy tales began to appear in Europe in the usual sense for people: the Brothers Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen, Charles Perrault and many others. But on the territory modern Russia earlier (and still) Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin was very popular. In the 18th century, in general, many writers liked to take the basis from folklore and thus create new works.

In the 20th century, even more fairy tales appeared. Such great writers as Maxim Gorky, Alexei Tolstoy and others were known as the authors of this genre.

Specificity

Author's tales are also called literary. As already described above, they are distinguished from folklore works by the presence of an author. Of course, even the very old ones had their own creators. folk tales, but the authors as such were lost, because for centuries the stories passed orally from one person to another, sometimes even significantly changing, since each person could interpret and retell differently, and so for a long time.

Another difference between an author's fairy tale and a folk tale is that it can be both in verse and in prose, while the second one can only be in prose (initially it was only oral). Also in folklore, the theme of the confrontation between good and evil is usually touched upon, while in literary works it's not obligatory.

Another difference is that folk tales have more superficially described characters, while in literary ones, on the contrary, each character is pronounced and individual. In folklore, there are still beginnings, sayings and peculiar turns of speech. They also tend to be even smaller than literary ones. This is all due to the fact that it was transmitted orally, so much was lost, and the size was shortened, because it was forgotten over the generations. But nevertheless, the tendency to different turns of speech, characteristic only of Russian fairy tales, has been preserved. For example, "once upon a time", the epithet " good fellow", and Pushkin: "in distant kingdom, in the thirtieth state" and others.

The most amazing: exact definition The author's fairy tale as such does not exist. Yes, it comes from folklore and has changed a lot, which helps in defining this term. Fantastic creatures have been preserved that change depending on the people. Fairy tales are usually small in size. They definitely have a twist. But you can always find some moral, which is main goal fairy tales. This distinguishes it from fantasy, where the emphasis is not on morality, but on storytelling, which also differs in that it has more adventure, breathtaking events. Also fantasy works and epics are long in size. And the world described in them usually does not have folklore basis underneath. It is often the fiction of an author who has completely created his own reality. In fairy tales, on the contrary, there is fiction, but it is within the framework of real world.

Kinds

Many researchers subdivide literary tales into several categories. E. V. Pomerantseva, for example, divides them into 4 genres:

• adventurous novelistic;
• household;
• about animals;
• magical.

And here is another Russian folklorist V. Ya. Propp divides fairy tales into more categories:

1. About inanimate nature, animals, plants, objects. Everything is simple here: fairy tales about this tell, respectively, about animals or inanimate nature as the main element. An interesting fact here is that such works are rarely Russian or European. But such tales are often found among the peoples of Africa, North America.
2. Cumulative tales denote such works where repeated plot repetition is made until the denouement reaches a climax. This makes it easier for children to understand. A prime example are stories about a turnip and a bun.
3. The everyday (short story) genre tells about different people by characters. For example, a fairy tale about an evil deceiver or about a stupid person.
4. Boring Tales designed to lull children to sleep. They are very short and simple. (For example, a fairy tale about a white bull).
5. Fables about what could not be in reality. It is worth noting that all fairy tales have a share of fiction, but fiction is the most fiction: talking animals, humanized bears (they live like people, communicate, etc.). As a rule, all subspecies intersect with each other. It is rare that a work belongs to only one of them.

In Russian fairy tales, heroic, soldierly offshoots are still distinguished.

The most interesting thing is that fairy tales as a genre are studied very seriously. In Europe, A. Aarne wrote the so-called "Index of fairy-tale types" in 1910, where there are also divisions into types. In contrast to the typology of Propp and Pomerantseva, well-known European fairy tales about fooled devils and anecdotes are added here. Based on the works of Aarne, S. Thompson created his own index of fairy tales in 1928. A little later, folklorist N. P. Andreev and many other researchers were engaged in such a typology, but with the introduction of Russian (Slavic) species.

Above, we examined the main subspecies, which are more likely to folk art. Author's tales tend to be much more complex, and it is not easy to type them into a particular subgenre, but they have taken a lot from folklore and the species described above as a basis. Also, plot motifs are taken as the basis from many sources. For example, the hatred of the stepdaughter and stepmother, which is popular in the works.

And now let's move on to the lists of folk and literary tales.

Fairy tales for grade 1

The list is long, since children begin their acquaintance with reading with stories and fairy tales, because they are small and easy to memorize and master. In the first grade it is recommended to read:

1. Small folk tales. Often they are about animals: "Cat and Fox", "Gingerbread Man", "Crow and Cancer", "Geese-Swans", as well as "Sister Alyonushka and Brother Ivanushka", "Porridge from an ax", "Man and Bear", " Cockerel-golden scallop", "Morozko", "Bubble, straw and bast shoes", "Teremok", "Po pike command" and etc.
2. Charles Perrault, Little Red Riding Hood.
3. Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich, "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" and other short stories.

Literary tales: grade 2, list

1. Folk tales in the processing of A. N. Tolstoy.
2. Works by the Brothers Grimm, such as " The Bremen Town Musicians".
3. E. L. Schwartz, "The New Adventures of Puss in Boots".
4. C. Perro: "Puss in Boots" and "Little Red Riding Hood".
5. Tales of Hans Christian Andersen.
6. As well as small works A. S. Pushkin, D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak, P. Ershov, P. Bazhov, K. D. Ushinsky and others.

List of literary fairy tales for grade 3

Fairy tales are also read in these classes, but they are longer, and there are also fewer folk tales and more literary ones. For example, everyone famous fairy tale Lewis Carroll about Alice Through the Looking Glass. As well as larger fairy tales Mamin-Sibiryak, Saltykov-Shchedrin, Pushkin, Bazhov, Zhukovsky, Tchaikovsky, Perrault, Andersen and many others.

4th grade

List of literary fairy tales:

• Garshin V. M., "The Tale of the Toad and the Rose";
• Zhukovsky V. A., "The Tale of Tsar Berendey", "There the skies and waters are clear";
• E. Schwartz "The Tale of Lost Time".

5th grade

Literary tales in high school in the reading program are much less common than in grades 1-4, but nevertheless there are such works. For example, the fairy tales of Andersen and Pushkin, which are also in primary school. The list of literary fairy tales of the 5th grade does not end there. There are also works by Zhukovsky, Schwartz and many others for children of this age.

Instead of a conclusion

A fairy tale is a very interesting genre that is still being studied by various researchers, and children read school curriculum. Initially, they were only folk, transmitted orally. But then authorial literary tales began to appear, which usually take folklore plots and characters as a basis. Such works are small, they have fiction and a special story. But this is what makes the fairy tale genre special and distinguishes it from others.