Allied and non-union relations are examples. What is a subordinating relationship in a complex form of sentences

Associative sentences with a subordinating relationship- these are non-union sentences, which are identical in structure and semantic relations between parts to complex sentences. Such non-union sentences consist of only two parts and are called closed non-union complex sentences (or non-union sentences of a closed structure).

A fixed (not free) arrangement of the two parts of a closed non-union sentence helps to establish semantic relations between these predicative parts, that is, when the parts of the non-union sentence are rearranged, the semantic relations between them change or the sentence as a whole is destroyed. For example, in the sentence I was late: the car broke down, the second part of the complex sentence reports the reason, and in the sentence The car broke down - I was late, the second part is a consequence of what is reported in the first part.

Parts of such a complex sentence are made out of explanatory intonation (one part explains the other) or contrasting intonation (the first part of the sentence is characterized by a very high

tone, the second - lowering the tone). The intonation depends on the semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence in oral speech, and in writing - the choice of a punctuation mark (colon or dash).

Different types of semantic relations are established between the parts of closed non-union complex sentences, that is, the semantic role of the subordinate part in relation to the main one is determined. The following varieties can be distinguished:

- Explanatory non-union sentence - a non-union complex sentence in which the first part contains supporting words - verbs that require addition, explanation, distribution, which is the content of the second part: I knew: the blow of fate would not bypass me (M. Yu. Lermontov).

- Explanatory non-union sentence - a non-union complex sentence in which the second part reveals, concretizes, explains the content of the first part (often a single word or phrase of the first part): The whole city is there like this: a scammer sits on a scammer and drives a scammer (N. V. Gogol) .

- An allied sentence of justification and reasons - an allied compound sentence, the second part of which contains the justification or reason for what is said in the first part: Can't sleep, nanny: it's so stuffy here! (A. S. Pushkin). I am sad: there is no friend with me (A. S. Pushkin).

- A non-union sentence with a predicative construction of a consequence - a non-union sentence, the second part of which is a consequence of the action named in the first part of the sentence. Some non-union sentences with a causal predicative construction can be turned into sentences with an investigative predicative construction. To do this, it is enough to swap the predicative constructions: I opened the window: it was stuffy (reason). It was stuffy - I opened the window (consequence).

- An opposing non-union sentence is a sentence in the second part of which a sharp opposition is expressed to what is said in the first part: I knew about poetry from the very beginning - I knew nothing about prose (A. A. Akhmatova).

The opposition in an asyndetic compound sentence is often associated with negation:

Not for the songs of spring over the plain

The road to me is green expanse -

I fell in love with a longing crane

Monastery on a high mountain

(S. A. Yesenin).

Many non-union sentences are characterized by the ambiguity of semantic relations between the parts of a complex sentence; these relationships are often not amenable to unambiguous interpretation: the boundaries between different meanings are blurred and not clear enough.

Glossary:

• unionless subordination
• compound sentence with subordinating and non-union
• compound sentence with non-union and subordinating relationship
• unionless coordinative connection
• non-associative and subordinative sentence

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2. Non-union sentences are complex sentences in which the semantic relations between predicative constructions (parts of a complex sentence) are expressed without unions and allied words. Lack of alliances and allied ...

Complex sentences with different types of connection- this is complex sentences , which consist of at least of three simple sentences , interconnected by a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection.

To understand the meaning of such complex structures, it is important to understand how the simple sentences included in them are grouped together.

Often complex sentences with different types of connection are divided into two or more parts (blocks), connected with the help of coordinating unions or union-free; and each part in structure is either a complex sentence or a simple one.

For example:

1) [Sad I]: [No friend with me], (with whom I would wash down a long parting), (to whom I could shake hands from the heart and wish many merry years)(A. Pushkin).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: non-union and subordinating, consists of two parts (blocks) connected asylum-free; the second part reveals the reason for what is said in the first; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II is a complex sentence with two subordinate clauses, with homogeneous subordination.

2) [lane was all in the gardens], and [the fences grew lindens throwing now, in the moonlight, a wide shadow], (so that fences and gates on one side completely drowned in darkness)(A. Chekhov).

This is a complex sentence with different types of communication: coordinating and subordinating, consists of two parts connected by a coordinating connecting union and, the relations between the parts are enumerative; The first part of the structure is a simple sentence; Part II - a complex sentence with a subordinate clause; the subordinate clause depends on everything main, joins it with a union so.

In a complex sentence, there may be sentences with various types of allied and allied connection.

These include:

1) composition and submission.

For example: The sun set, and night followed day without interval, as is usually the case in the south.(Lermontov).

(And - a coordinating union, as - a subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

2) composition and non-union connection.

For example: The sun had long since set, but the forest had not yet had time to subside: the doves murmured near, the cuckoo cuckooed in the distance.(Bunin).

(But - a coordinating conjunction.)

Schematic of this offer:

3) submission and non-union connection.

For example: When he awoke, the sun was already rising; the barrow obscured him(Chekhov).

(When - subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

4) composition, subordination and non-union connection.

For example: The garden was spacious and grew only oaks; they had only recently begun to blossom, so that now through the young leaves one could see the whole garden with its stage, tables and swings.

(And is a coordinating conjunction, so a subordinating conjunction.)

Schematic of this offer:

In complex sentences with a coordinating and subordinating connection, coordinating and subordinating unions may be nearby.

For example: The weather was fine all day, but when we sailed to Odessa, it began to rain heavily.

(But - a coordinating union, when - a subordinating union.)

Schematic of this offer:

Punctuation marks in sentences with different types of connection

In order to correctly punctuate complex sentences with different types of connection, it is necessary to single out simple sentences, determine the type of connection between them and select the appropriate punctuation mark.

As a rule, a comma is placed between simple sentences in a complex one with different types of connection.

For example: [In the morning, in the sun, the trees were covered with luxurious hoarfrost] , and [this went on for two hours] , [then the frost disappears] , [sun closed] , and [the day passed quietly, thoughtfully , with a drop in the middle of the day and anomalous lunar twilight in the evening].

Sometimes two, three or more simple suggestions most closely related to each other in meaning and can be separated from other parts of a complex sentence semicolon . Most often, a semicolon occurs in place of an allied connection.

For example: (When he woke up) [the sun was already rising] ; [the barrow obscured him].(The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)

In the place of an allied connection between simple sentences in complex possible also comma , dash and colon , which are placed according to the rules for punctuation in a non-union complex sentence.

For example: [The sun has long since set] , but[the forest hasn't calmed down yet] : [doves murmured near] , [Cuckoo calls in the distance]. (The proposal is complex, with different types of connection: with allied and allied connection.)

[Leo Tolstoy saw a broken burdock] – and [lightning flashes] : [there was an idea for an amazing story about Hadji Murad](Paust.). (The sentence is complex, with different types of connection: coordinative and non-union.)

In complex syntactic constructions that break up into large logical-syntactic blocks, which themselves are complex sentences or in which one of the blocks turns out to be a complex sentence, punctuation marks are placed at the junction of the blocks indicating the relationship of the blocks, while maintaining the internal signs placed on their own. own syntactic basis.

For example: [Bushes, trees, even stumps are so well known to me here], (that wild clearing has become like a garden to me) : [every bush, every pine, fir-tree caressed], and [they all became mine], and [it's like I planted them], [this is my own garden](Prishv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a colon; [Yesterday a woodcock stuck its nose into this foliage] (to get a worm out from under it) ; [at this time we approached], and [he was forced to take off without throwing off the worn layer of old aspen leaves from his beak](Shv.) - at the junction of blocks there is a semicolon.

Particularly difficult is punctuation at the junction of the writing and subordinating unions (or a coordinating union and an allied word). Their punctuation is subject to the laws of the design of sentences with a coordinating, subordinating and non-union connection. However, at the same time, proposals in which several unions are nearby stand out and require special attention.

In such cases, a comma is placed between unions if the second part of the double union does not follow. then yes, but(in this case, the subordinate clause can be omitted). In other cases, a comma is not placed between the two unions.

For example: Winter was coming and , when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest. - Winter was approaching, and when the first frosts hit, it became hard to live in the forest.

You can call me but , If you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow. You can call me, but if you don't call today, we'll leave tomorrow.

I think that , if you try hard, you will succeed. “I think that if you try hard, you will succeed.

Syntactic analysis of a complex sentence with different types of connection

Scheme for parsing a complex sentence with different types of communication

1. Determine the type of sentence according to the purpose of the statement (narrative, interrogative, incentive).

2. Indicate the type of sentence by emotional coloring (exclamatory or non-exclamatory).

3. Determine (by grammatical foundations) the number of simple sentences, find their boundaries.

4. Determine the semantic parts (blocks) and the type of connection between them (union-free or coordinative).

5. Give a description of each part (block) in terms of structure (simple or complex sentence).

6. Draw up a proposal scheme.

A SAMPLE OF ANALYZING A COMPLEX OFFER WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONNECTION

[Suddenly a thick fog], [as if separated by a wall he me from the rest of the world], and, (so as not to get lost), [ I I decided

Compound sentences always include two or more simple ones (they are also called predicative parts), connected by various types of connection: allied coordinating, allied, and allied subordinating connection. It is the presence or absence of unions and their meaning that make it possible to establish the type of connection in the sentence.

Definition of a subordinate relationship in a sentence

Subordination, or subordination- a type of connection in which one of the predicative parts is the main, subordinate, and the other is dependent, subordinate. Such a connection is transmitted through subordinating conjunctions or allied words; from the main part to the subordinate it is always possible to ask a question. Thus, the subordinating connection (unlike the coordinating one) implies a syntactic inequality between the predicative parts of the sentence.

For example: In geography lessons, we learned (about what?) why there are ebb and flow, where In geography lessons we learned- main part, there are ebb and flow- subordinate clause, why - subordinating union.

Subordinating conjunctions and allied words

The predicative parts of a complex sentence connected by a subordinating relationship are connected using subordinating conjunctions, allied words. In turn, subordinating conjunctions are divided into simple and complex.

Simple unions include: what, to, how, when, barely, bye, if, as if, as if, exactly, for, although and others. We want all nations to live happily.

Compound conjunctions include at least two words: because, because, since, in order to, as soon as, while, until, despite the fact that, as if and others. Once The sun rose, all the songbirds woke up.

Relative pronouns and adverbs can act as allied words: who, what, which, whose, which, how much(in all cases); where, where, from where, when, how, why, why and others. Allied words always answer a question and are one of the members of a subordinate clause. I brought you there, where even the gray wolf did not run!(G. Rosen)

You need to know: what is it, its examples in the literature.

Types of subordination in a complex sentence

Depending on the means linking predicative parts, the following types of subordinations are distinguished:

• allied subordination - parts of a complex sentence are connected by simple or complex unions. He opened the doors wider to let the procession pass freely.
• relative subordination - there is an allied word between the predicative parts. After death, people return to the same place from where they came.
• interrogative-relative subordination - parts of a complex sentence are connected by means of interrogative-relative pronouns and adverbs. In the subordinate part, a member of the main sentence expressed by a verb or a noun is explained, which has the meaning of an utterance, mental activity, feeling, perception, internal state. Berlioz looked around sadly, not understanding what had frightened him.(M. Bulgakov).

Often, one complex sentence contains more than two predicative parts that are dependent on the main one. Concerning There are several types of submission:

This is interesting: in the rules of the Russian language.

Based on which member of the main sentence is explained or extended by the dependent, subordinate clauses in some sources are subdivided subject, predicate, attributive, complementary and adverbial.

• Each, whom he met here, offered him help. The subordinate clause extends the subject of the main clause each.
• Never think that you already know everything.(I. Pavlov) The subordinate part explains the predicate of the main think.
• You should never regret what can no longer be changed. In this case, the subordinate part answers the question of the prepositional case.

A more common classification is that, depending on the questions they answer, adjuncts are divided as follows:

Among sentences 11 - 17, find a complex sentence with different types of connection (with allied subordinating and allied connection between parts). Write a number

this offer.
(11) All of Russia speaks Russian, and what kind of idiot are you? (12) Well, tell me someone in our family so that they don’t know Russian? (13) Oh, your poor grandfather, who, having lived in Russia for seven years, spoke Russian better than the postmaster Ivan himself!
(14) - What do you say! - imitating my grandfather, I was surprised in broken Russian.
(15) - Yes, yes, please do not goggle your eyes! (16) The deceased spoke with Ivan for two hours, Ivan listened to him with his mouth open for two hours, and then turned to the people and said that he had never heard such Russian speech in his life. (17) That's how it was!

Indicate the correct description of the sentence: THE CRY OF THE DISTANT ANDVOLGA SOUND ALMOST NEAR PROKHOR; IT WAS HEARD THE FOX STEALING THROUGH THE WEATHER.

1. A complex sentence with two subordinate clauses.
2. A complex sentence with an allied coordinating and non-union connection.
3. A complex sentence with an allied subordinating and coordinating connection.
4. A complex sentence with an allied subordinating and non-union connection.

Indicate the sentence that does not have an attributive clause:
1. The innocence with which the little pockmarked soldier confessed to flight was especially terrible.
2. The man, whose song I was in such a hurry to, turned out to be a bow-legged guy of sixteen years old.
3. The huge house in which Gray was born was gloomy inside and majestic outside.
4. From Zhenya's worried face, the woman guessed that Olga, who had entered the garden, was dissatisfied.

Among sentences 1–5, find a complex sentence with an allied and allied subordinating relationship. Write the number of this sentence.

(1) In 1922, when he was 14 years old, Lev Landau * successfully passed the exams at Baku University and was enrolled in the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics in two departments at once - mathematics and natural. (2) He was very interested in chemistry, but soon he left the natural department, realizing that he liked physics and mathematics more. (3) Landau's freshman was the youngest at the university. (4)At the beginning this depressed him greatly. (5) Passing through the corridors, he raised his shoulders and tilted his head: it seemed to him that he looked much older this way.

Write out from the sentence a subordinating phrase with the connection control:

1) High above, where the dark shaggy tops of the trees closed, rare stars twinkled.
2) It turns out that there is such an interesting award, which is awarded by the radio listeners themselves.

Write out from the sentence a subordinating phrase with an adjunct connection:
1) Doctors forbade the famous painter to paint because of the harmful effects of paints.
2) A young lean woman slowly walks towards the house with a yoke on her shoulder. And it seems that along with the burden she carries her difficult thought.

1. What is a phrase? Give a definition, give 3-4 examples.

2. What types of phrases for the main word do you know? Give 2 examples for each type of phrase.
3. What is management? How are dependent words expressed in management? Give 3-4 examples with communication control.
4. Determine the type of subordination: mother's hands, getting up late, boiling broth, drizzling rain, away from the shore, my friend, talking about something, eating delicious food.
5. Perform parsing of phrases: The sea is night, issue a certificate, on winter snow, it is still interesting.
6.Additional task: replace the word combinations with the control connection with an agreement synonymous with the connection: autumn leaves, dad's bag, silk dress, Kolya's song.