Tatar facial features in women. Tatars - interesting customs, features of life

As a separate nationality, they appeared approximately in the 15th century. Before that, various tribes and peoples lived on the territory of the peninsula, from which this nationality was formed. Now the appearance of the Tatars faintly resembles the one that it was 500 years ago. Moreover, people living in different countries and regions are completely different from each other.

Representatives of this nation live mainly in the south of Ukraine, in Russia, Romania, Turkey and Uzbekistan (where they were massively deported from the Crimea in the middle of the last century). In connection with this resettlement, the Crimean Tatars (whose appearance at that time was mostly close to Slavic) were forced to coexist with Asian peoples, as a result of which many national features were lost.

Now, after returning to their historical homeland (at the end of the last century, they began to return to the Crimea), this people is trying to revive their traditions. But not only cultural and historical values ​​were lost in exile, the appearance of the Tatars also changed. The "purebred" representatives of this nation are quite with light (often blond or red) hair, light eyes and skin. However, having mixed with the Uzbeks and other representatives of the eastern peoples, many Tatars became swarthy, brown-eyed, with dark hair and a characteristic Asian

Despite this external difference, life away from the homeland did not lead to significant internal discord. Now, like dozens of years ago, Crimean Tatars are trying to live together, children in families are brought up taking into account traditional morality and religion ( most of of them profess Islam), mutual assistance and support.

Despite the fact that Tatar youth do not observe some rituals and are more and more similar to Europeans in behavior, the main traditions (respect for elders, holidays, weddings and some other events) still retained their originality. Of course, the appearance of the Tatars now differs little from the appearance of representatives of other nationalities: no one wears women, despite belonging to Islam, they allow themselves to use cosmetics, wear revealing outfits and attend various events alone (which was absolutely unacceptable a few decades ago).

But all this mainly concerns residents of large cities, in remote settlements and the outback of the Crimean steppes, many people live in a completely different way than in the city, including the Tatars. Appearance (man, woman, child) is more reminiscent of those representatives of the nation who lived in the last century. Girls are more modest, children are more obedient. In many villages, all traditions are observed with jewelry precision, including fasts and holidays, weddings and funerals.

From a geographical point of view, representatives of this people are divided into mountain foothills (tatlar), steppe (nogai) and south coast (boylu). The appearance of the Tatars also depends on this affiliation. So, the legs have a more pronounced Asian dense physique and short stature. Tatlar are more like Slavs - they are fair-skinned and tall. As for the boilies, they are usually swarthy, but taller than the Nogai and Tatlar, their facial features are more pleasant, although large. At present, representatives of all three directions are so mixed up that a clear boundary between them no longer exists.

A feature of the Tatar nationality is the absence of pronounced features of appearance, which would make it possible to accurately distinguish its representatives from other peoples. Their appearance is different, depending on ethnic group to which they belong. However, anthropology still highlights the signs of how the Tatars look, taking into account the characteristic features.

How to identify a Tatar: typical features of nationality

Tatars (self-name "Tatarlar") belong to the Turkic group, the white race. Since ancient times, the populous ethnos influenced the development of Eurasia. The history of the Middle Ages tells how the nation held in tension a vast territory from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic coast.

The variety of types of appearance of the people is due to its origin, since among the ancestors of the Tatars there were representatives of both the Mongoloid and European races. This also explains the prevalence and population of the nation.

The mixed race, to which the Tatars belong, allows you to see among its representatives dark-haired and fair, red, brown-eyed, with gray eyes, and so on.

Depending on where they came from and where they live, there are many types of a given nationality.

These include:

• Kazan;
• Kasimov's;
• Siberian;
• Astrakhan;
• Permian;
• Crimean Tatars;
• Mishari;
• teptyari;
• Kryashens;
• whips and others.

The population of the nation in Russia in 2010, according to Wikipedia, is 5.3 million people. As a percentage, the indicator, how many Tatars are from the total population, is 3.87%. In terms of prevalence in the Russian Federation, nationality is recognized as the second after Russians. There are about a million Tatars in the world, they make up more than half of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan (53%), and in the United States, according to statistics, only 2-7 thousand people live.

Representatives of the nation speak the Tatar language, which includes the Western and Kazan dialects. In the religion of the people there are Muslims, Orthodox Christians (Kryashens) or atheists (there is no faith in God). Mostly in their religion, the Tatars belong to the Sunnis, and not to the Shiites.

It helps to determine nationality by facial features characteristic of anthropological types.

Tatars distinguish 4 of them:

Each of them is characterized by the features shown in the photo.

head shape

Tatars are characterized by mesokephaly or subbrachycephaly (cranial index 76-80), that is, they are predominantly medium-headed, moderately long and wide skull and oval face.

The Mongoloid type is characterized by brachycephaly, that is, short-headedness. The face is broad and flattened.

The photo shows TV presenter Almaz Garayev and actor and TV presenter Timur Batrutdinov.

Almaz Garayev

Timur Batrutdinov

Eyes

It is believed that the Tatars are characterized by the Mongolian section of the eyes, their narrow shape. However, this is not necessary; the epicanthus is predominantly found in the Mongoloid type, and is poorly developed in the sublaponoid type.

Other anthropological types are not characterized by such features.

The color varies: Tatars are blue-eyed, with brown eyes. But the green ones are the most common.

The photo shows the singer, actor and director Dmitry Bikbaev.

It is difficult to identify a Tatar by his appearance.

A more characteristic type is presented below - singer, actor, composer, producer, film director Renat Ibragimov.

Nose

The shape of the olfactory organ in Tatars is diverse. Usually the nose is wide, with a straight back or an unexpressed hump. For Pontic type a lowered tip is characteristic, for the Mongoloid and sublaponoid - a low nose bridge.

The photo shows a singer, actor, entrepreneur, composer, producer Timati (Timur Yunusov) and a successful tennis player Marat Safin.

Marat Safin

Hair

Mostly Tatars are characterized by black hair. But unlike the Uzbeks, Mongols, Tajiks, there are also fair-haired representatives of the nationality. Tatars can have light brown and red color.

The photographs show Russian footballer Ruslan Nigmatullin and actor Marat Basharov.

Ruslan Nigmatullin

Marat Basharov

The appearance of the Tatars

A generalized image, what Tatars are, is a person of medium height with mixed pigmentation of eyes and hair, a moderately wide oval face, a straight or hooked nose. Men are distinguished by a strongly built body, stockiness, women, on the contrary, by fragility.

The appearance of Tatars sometimes differs significantly, depending on belonging to a particular ethnic group.

Kazan

Among the Tatars of this ethnic group, European features of appearance are often observed: light brown hair, sometimes red, light eyes, narrow nose, straight or with a hump. This type is similar to the Slavs.

From the Mongols, a wide oval face and narrowed eyes may be present.

For men it is typical average height, strong body, short neck. This is due to the mixing of blood with Finnish peoples.

The picture shows Kazan Tatar celebrities.

Crimean

The Tatars of this group appeared in the 15th century. Its representatives live in the south of Ukraine, in Russia, Romania, Turkey, Uzbekistan (where they were deported from the Crimea in the middle of the 20th century).

Purebred Crimean Tatars have an appearance close to Slavic. The real representatives of the nation were tall, blond or red hair, light eyes and skin.

However, the neighborhood with Asians introduced characteristic features into the image of nationality. Many Tatars acquired the corresponding type of face, dark hair and eyes, swarthyness.

After returning to the Crimea, the people revive the lost original customs and traditions.

The photo shows the Crimean and Kazan Tatars, where features are traced, how ethnic groups differ from each other.

Ural

History of the Tatars Southern Urals little studied, today the Chelyabinsk region has a huge number of communities.

The anthropological type of a representative of the nationality is shown in the figure.

Often there are dark hair and eyes, possibly narrowed, a wide oval face and nose, prominent cheekbones, large ears.

Volga

The Tatars of this group are characterized by signs of the Mongoloid race. This is manifested by dark hair, gray or brown eyes with a crease in the upper eyelid, a wide nose, sometimes with a hump, usually fair skin.

Men are distinguished by a strong physique, height above average.

Siberian

Oriental appearance is characteristic, which is visually easy to distinguish from Russian. A mixture of Caucasoid and Mongoloid types is characteristic. Sometimes the appearance of the Siberian Tatars is comparable to the Uzbek.

Representatives of the nationality have dark hair and eyes, prominent cheekbones, a wide nose of the oriental type. The physique is correct, men are characterized by strength and endurance.

Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod)

They act as a sub-ethnos of the Tatar-Mishars. Them feature- clattering Nizhny Novgorod dialect. They live in Nizhny Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk and Tatar villages.

The Pontic anthropological type of appearance predominates, manifested by dark or mixed pigmentation of the eyes and hair, a hooked nose and a lowered tip, and medium height. Possible Caucasoid features that differ from the previous ones light color hair and eyes. The Mongoloid type of appearance is not numerous.

Astrakhan

A group of Tatars formed on the territory of the modern Astrakhan region. They are considered descendants of the Turkic-speaking population of the Golden Horde, they have their own dialect.

In the course of historical development, the nationality was influenced by the Nogais.

For the appearance of the Astrakhan Tatars, Mongoloid features are more characteristic than Caucasoid ones. noted dark color hair and eyes, some of their narrowness, wide oval face and nose.

What do Tatars look like?

The appearance of the representatives of the weaker sex of the Tatar nationality is similar to those of men. Most of them are of European ethnicity, however, the Mongoloid type is also common.

The photo shows different types. Tatar appearance: well-known journalist and TV presenter Lilia Gildeeva and beauty Miss "Youth of Tatarstan-2012" Albina Zamaleeva.

Lilia Gildeeva

Albina Zamaleeva

Face

Tatar girls are characterized by a rounded oval of the face, an unexpressed squint of the eyes, and the presence of epicanthus is possible. Their color varies from blue to black. Green eyes are more common.

The photo shows the singer AsylYar (Alsu Zainutdinova).

In her biography it is noted that she is the very first in history who sang a song in the Tatar language in international competition"Eurovision".

Hair color is also diverse, among the Tatars there are blondes, brunettes, brown-haired women, redheads.

The photo shows the Olympic champion, Europe, Russia rhythmic gymnastics, State Duma deputy Alina Kabaeva and model Diana Farhullina.

Alina Kabaeva

Diana Farhullina

Depending on the type of appearance, the skin is dark or light. Often it is whiter than that of the representatives of the Slavic nationality.

Figure

Most Tatar women are characterized slim figures, fragility and elegance. An example of this is the theater and film actress Chulpan Khamatova.

The height of the Tatars is average, about 165 centimeters, long legs uncharacteristic. Some representatives of the nation are characterized by a square figure: broad shoulders along with the same hips. The narrow waist emphasizes the beauty of Tatar women.

The photo shows the famous fashion model Irina Shayk (Shaykhlislamova), a Tatar on the paternal side.

Features of character and mentality

To understand who the Tatars are, it is important to know who they came from. The origin left an imprint on their appearance and lifestyle.

Briefly, the theory of where the Tatars came from calls the ancient state of Volga Bulgaria the place where the roots of the nation were formed. Their ancestors are the Bulgars. The Turkic-Bulgarian ethnos came from the Asian steppes and settled in the Middle Volga region. In the X-XIII centuries, the nationality created its own statehood. Mostly we are talking about the Volga-Ural group, other varieties are considered as separate communities. For example, the theory of Tatar-Mongol origin reduces or even denies the participation of the Volga Bulgaria in the history of the Kazan Tatars.

Often there is a dispute that the Tatars are still Asians or Europeans. It is due to racial mixing. Geneticists say that the nation is mostly Caucasoids, with a minority of Mongoloids.

The photo shows the guys and girls of the Tatars in national costumes.

The mentality and culture of the people is influenced by their religion - they profess Islam, which they adopted on May 21, 922.

The character of a Tatar man is distinguished by stubbornness, indifference. However, at the same time, he is hardworking, hospitable, has a sense of dignity, which is sometimes perceived as pride and arrogance. Crimean Tatars are distinguished by calmness, enterprise in stressful situations. They are careerists, striving for knowledge and new opportunities.

What Tatar men are in a relationship is determined by their character: they are reliable, reasonable, law-abiding, purposeful. Religion allows polygamy, but it is extremely rare. Usually a second wife, a younger one, is brought into the house to help with household chores when the first wife has grown old.

A Tatar wife is obedient and submissive to her husband, betrayed in love, from childhood, girls are set up for a long-lasting and only marriage. Women are inquisitive, clean, hospitable, attentive to people, love to cook and raise children. Among the dishes that Tatars eat, kazylyk (dried horse meat), gubadiya (layer cake), talkysh kaleve (dessert), chak-chak stand out. The basis of culinary masterpieces is dough and a thick layer of fat.

Tatar women follow fashion, are interested in new products and love beautiful clothes: despite their obedience to their husbands, loyalty to customs and traditions, you cannot meet her in a black veil.

The photo shows the singer Alsou (Safina / Abramova).

It is believed that Tatar women are passionate in bed, and men are skilled lovers.

Religion does not prohibit marriages with non-Christians, so there is a Tatar wife, a Russian husband, and vice versa. Such families are quite happy, each of the members adheres to their religious beliefs. From a mixture of Russians and Tatars, mestizos are born. Children of mixed blood are often outwardly cute, combining the features of 2 nationalities.

An interesting fact is the appearance in some babies of a sign of belonging to the Mongoloid race - a specific spot (Mongolian). Such a Tatar mark in a child is a bluish patch of skin on the buttocks, sacrum, and thighs.

Sometimes it is mistaken for a bruise, although this is considered a sign of oriental blood. With age, the stain disappears.

Tatarov highlights worship and respect for elders.

An interesting marriage ceremony. After the wedding, the guy and the girl do not live together for another year. It is considered correct that at this time the young woman stays with her parents, and her husband (in Tatar the word sounds “ir”) comes as a guest.

Differences from other nations

Comparing the appearance of the Tatars and similar peoples, they distinguish identical and distinctive features.

For example, the Bashkirs also belong to the Turkic family, have a similar language and adhere to the same religion. However, there are differences in appearance. Tatars are predominantly characterized by Caucasoid features, Bashkirs - Mongoloid.

Bashkir

There is a theory that the Jews are inherently similar to the Tatars. This is due to the similar structure of DNA. Adherents of the hypothesis believe that the majority of Ashkenazi Jews did not belong to Israel and are Turks.

There is something in common between Tatars and Turks. This is their belonging to the Turkic peoples.

The Tatars also have a close relationship with the Kazakhs. Previously, they were ranked as one people, connected by a Turkic community. However, it is not difficult to distinguish nationality by appearance.

For visual comparison, the picture shows the anthropological types of various peoples.

stereotypes

There are many stereotypes about the Tatar people, right and wrong, which have become obsolete or to this day are their hallmarks.

• An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar!- phraseological unit refers to the time when the Russians were under the yoke of the yoke. The Tatars were cruel invaders, they showed violence, ferocity. The Russians, accordingly, considered them a nasty people and hated them with all their hearts. Therefore, the uninvited guest in the proverb acts as an unexpected invader, like a Tatar, as they were scornfully called in Russia.
• Tatars are cunning and stingy. The people are characterized by thrift, they do not like to squander money. The Tatar is prudent and prosperous, creates comfortable living conditions for himself, managing finances wisely.
• Selfishness and arrogance. Sometimes Tatars call themselves special, arguing that great people have their roots. This is the reason why the representatives of the nation are not loved. However, to exalt one's people and consider them better than others is also characteristic of other nationalities.
• Tea lovers. Not a single event or meeting takes place without a drink.
• Hospitality. Tatars are friendly and inquisitive. They are happy to receive guests in the house. The hosts will put delicious Tatar delicacies on the table and keep up a pleasant conversation.

APPEARANCE OF TATARS. HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE THE TATARS. FACE FEATURES Each nation has its own distinctive features, which allow almost without error to determine the nationality of a person. It is worth noting that the Asian peoples are very similar to each other, since all are descendants of the Mongoloid race. How can you define a Tatar? What is the difference between the appearance of the Tatars?

Uniqueness Without a doubt, each person is unique, regardless of nationality. And yet there are certain common features that unite representatives of a race or nationality. Tatars are usually attributed to the so-called Altai family. it Turkic group. The ancestors of the Tatars were known as farmers. Unlike other representatives of the Mongoloid race, the Tatars do not have pronounced facial features. The appearance of the Tatars and the changes that are now manifested in them are largely caused by assimilation with Slavic peoples. Indeed, among the Tatars, fair-haired, sometimes even red-haired representatives are sometimes found. This, for example, cannot be said about Uzbeks, Mongols or Tajiks. Do the eyes of the Tatars have features? They do not necessarily have a narrow slit in the eyes and dark skin. Are there any common features of the appearance of the Tatars?

Description of the Tatars: a bit of history Tatars are among the most ancient and populous ethnic groups. In the Middle Ages, mention of them excited everyone around: in the east from the shores of the Pacific Ocean and to the Atlantic coast. A variety of scientists included references to this people in their writings. The mood of these notes was clearly polar: some wrote with rapture and admiration, while other scientists showed fear. But one thing united everyone - no one remained indifferent. It is quite obvious that it was the Tatars who provided a huge impact on the development of Eurasia. They managed to create a distinctive civilization that influenced a variety of cultures.

In the history of the Tatar people there were both ups and downs. Periods of peace gave way to cruel times of bloodshed. The ancestors of modern Tatars took part in the creation of several strong states. Despite all the vicissitudes of fate, they managed to preserve both their people and their identity. Ethnic groups Thanks to the works of anthropologists, it became known that the ancestors of the Tatars were not only representatives of the Mongoloid race, but also Europeans. It was this factor that led to the diversity in appearance. Moreover, the Tatars themselves are usually divided into groups: Crimean, Ural, Volga-Siberian, South Kama. The Volga-Siberian Tatars, whose facial features have the greatest signs of the Mongoloid race, are distinguished by the following features: dark hair, pronounced cheekbones, brown eyes, a wide nose, a fold over the upper eyelid. Representatives of this type are few. The face of the Volga Tatars is oblong, the cheekbones are not too pronounced. The eyes are large and gray (or brown). Hump ​​nose, oriental type. The physique is correct. In general, the men of this group are quite tall and hardy. Their skin is not dark. Such is the appearance of the Tatars from the Volga region.

Kazan Tatars: appearance and customs The appearance of the Kazan Tatars is described as follows: a strongly built strong man. From the Mongols, a wide oval of the face and a somewhat narrowed slit of the eyes are noticeable. The neck is short and strong. Men rarely wear a thick beard. Such features are explained by the fusion of Tatar blood with various Finnish peoples. The marriage ceremony is not like a religious act. From religiosity - only reading the first chapter of the Koran and a special prayer. After marriage, a young girl does not immediately move to her husband's house: for another year she will live in her family. It is curious that her newly-made husband comes to her as a guest. Tatar girls are ready to wait for their lover. Only a few have two wives. And in those cases when this happens, there are reasons: for example, when the first one has already grown old, and the second - younger - now runs the household. The most common are Tatars of the European type - owners of blond hair and bright eyes. The nose is narrow, aquiline or aquiline. Growth is not high - women are about 165 cm. Features Some features were noticed in the character of a Tatar man: diligence, cleanliness and hospitality border on stubbornness, pride and indifference. Respect for elders is what distinguishes the Tatars. It was noted that representatives of this people tend to be guided by reason, adapt to the situation, and are law-abiding. In general, the synthesis of all these qualities, especially diligence and perseverance, makes a Tatar man very purposeful. Such people are able to achieve success in their careers. The work is brought to the end, they have a habit of achieving their goal. A purebred Tatar seeks to acquire new knowledge, showing enviable perseverance and responsibility. Crimean Tatars have a special indifference and calmness in stressful situations. Tatars are very curious and talkative, but during work they are stubbornly silent, apparently so as not to lose concentration.

One of characteristic features- self-esteem. It manifests itself in the fact that the Tatar considers himself special. As a result, there is a certain arrogance and even arrogance. Cleanliness distinguishes Tatars. In their homes, they do not tolerate disorder and dirt. Moreover, this does not depend on financial capabilities - both rich and poor Tatars zealously monitor cleanliness. My home is your home Tatars are very hospitable people. We are ready to host a person, regardless of his status, faith or nationality. Even with a modest income, they show cordial hospitality, ready to share a modest meal with a guest. Tatar women stand out with great curiosity. They are attracted by beautiful clothes, they watch people of other nationalities with interest, they follow fashion. Tatar women are very attached to their home, they devote themselves to raising children. Tatar women What an amazing creature - a Tatar woman! In her heart lies an immeasurable, deepest love for her loved ones, for her children. Its purpose is to bring peace to people, to serve as a model of peacefulness and morality. A Tatar woman is distinguished by a sense of harmony and special musicality. She radiates a certain spirituality and nobility of the soul. Inner world Tatar women are full of riches!

Tatar girls with young years aimed at a strong, lasting marriage. After all, they want to love their husband and raise future children behind solid walls of reliability and trust. No wonder it says Tatar proverb: "A woman without a husband is like a horse without a bridle!" Her husband's word is law for her. Although witty Tatars complement - for any law, however, there is also an amendment! And yet these are devoted women who sacredly honor traditions and customs. However, do not expect to see a Tatar woman in a black veil - this is a stylish lady who has a sense of dignity. The appearance of the Tatars is very well-groomed. Fashionistas in the wardrobe can see stylized things that emphasize her nationality. Here, for example, there are shoes that imitate chitek - national leather boots worn by Tatar girls. Another example is applications, where patterns convey the stunning beauty of the earth's flora. And what's on the table? A Tatar woman is a wonderful hostess, loving, hospitable. By the way, a little about the kitchen. National cuisine Tatar is quite predictable in that the main dishes are often based on dough and fat. Even a lot of dough, a lot of fat! Of course, this is far from the most healthy eating, although guests are usually offered exotic dishes: kazylyk (or dried horse meat), gubadia (a puff pie with a wide variety of fillings, from cottage cheese to meat), talkysh-kaleva (an incredibly high-calorie dessert made from flour, butter and honey). You can drink all this rich treat with ayran (a mixture of katyk and water) or traditional tea.

Tatars - titular nation Republic of Tatarstan, which is included in the Russian Federation. This is a Turkic ethnic group that has many subethnoi. In view of the wide settlement in the regions of Russia and neighboring countries, they influenced their ethnogenesis, assimilating with the local population. Within the ethnos there are several anthropological types of Tatars. Tatar culture is filled with national traditions unusual for Russians.

Where live

Approximately half (53% of the total mass) of Tatars live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Others are settled throughout the rest of Russia. Representatives of the people live in areas Central Asia, the Far East, the Volga region, Siberia. According to the territorial and ethnic basis, the people are divided into 3 large groups:

1. Siberian
2. Astrakhan
3. Living in the Middle Volga, Urals.

The last group includes: Kazan Tatars, Mishars, Teptyars, Kryashens. Other subenoses include:

1. Kasimov Tatars
2. Perm Tatars
3. Polish-Lithuanian Tatars
4. Chepetsk Tatars
5. Nagaibaki

population

In total, there are 8,000,000 Tatars in the world. Of these, about 5.5 million live in Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This is the second largest number after citizens of Russian nationality. At the same time, there are 2,000,000 people in Tatarstan, 1,000,000 in Bashkortostan. A small number moved to regions neighboring Russia:

• Uzbekistan - 320,000;
• Kazakhstan - 200,000;
• Ukraine - 73,000;
• Kyrgyzstan - 45,000.

A small number lives in Romania, Turkey, Canada, USA, Poland.

Kazan is the capital of Tatarstan

Language

The official language of Tatarstan is Tatar. It belongs to the Volga-Kypchak subgroup of the Turkic branch of the Altaic languages. Representatives of sub-ethnic groups speak their own dialects. The closest are speech features peoples of the Volga region and Siberia. Currently, Tatar writing is based on Cyrillic. Prior to that, the Latin alphabet was used, and in the Middle Ages, Arabic characters were the basis of writing.

Religion

The vast majority of Tatars are Muslims who profess Sunni Islam. There are also Orthodox Christians. A small number consider themselves atheists.

Name

The self-name of the nation is Tatarlar. There is no clear version of the origin of the term "Tatars". There are several versions of the etymology of this word. The main ones are:

1. Root tat, meaning "to experience", plus the suffix ar- "gaining experience, adviser."
2. Derivative of tattoos- "peaceful, ally."
3. In some dialects tat means "foreigner".
4. Mongolian word Tatars means "poorly spoken".

According to two latest versions, these words were called Tatars by other tribes who did not understand their language, for which they were strangers.

Story

The first evidence of the existence of Tatar tribes was found in the Turkic chronicles. Chinese sources also mention the Tatars as people who lived along the banks of the Amur. They belong to the 8th-10th centuries. Historians believe that the ancestors of modern Tatars were formed with the participation of the Khazar, Polovian nomads, the tribes that inhabited the Volga Bulgaria. They united in one community with their culture, script, language. Created in the 13th century Golden Horde- a powerful state, which had a division into estates, aristocracy, clergy. By the 15th century, it broke up into separate khanates, which gave rise to the formation of sub-ethnic groups. At a later time, the mass migration of Tatars across the territory of the Russian state began.
As a result of genetic studies, it turned out that different Tatar sub-ethnic groups did not have common ancestors. There is also a great diversity of the genome within subgroups, from which it can be concluded that many peoples influence their creation. Some ethnic groups have a large percentage of the genome of Caucasian nationalities, while Asian is almost absent.

Appearance

Tatars of different ethnic groups have a different appearance. This is due to the great genetic diversity of the types. In total, 4 types of representatives of the people were identified on an anthropological basis. It:

1. Pontic
2. Sublaponoid
3. Mongoloid
4. Light European

Depending on the anthropological type, people of the Tatar nationality have light or dark skin, hair and eyes. Representatives of the Siberian ethnic group are most similar to Asians. They have a wide flat face, a narrow slit of the eyes, an enlarged nose, and an upper eyelid with a fold. The skin is swarthy, the hair is hard, black, the color of the iris is dark. They are short, squat.

Volga Tatars have an oval face, fair skin. They are distinguished by the presence of a hump on the nose, inherited, apparently, from the Caucasian peoples. The eyes are large, gray or brown. Men of high stature, with a good physique. There are blue-eyed and fair-haired representatives of this group. Kazan Tatars have medium-dark skin, brown eyes, and dark hair. They have regular facial features, a straight nose, well-defined cheekbones.

Life

The main occupations of the Tatar tribes were:

• arable farming;
• pasture-stall animal husbandry;
• horticulture.

Hemp, barley, lentils, wheat, oats, and rye were grown in the fields. Agriculture was of the three-field type. Cattle breeding was expressed in the breeding of sheep, goats, bulls, horses. This occupation made it possible to obtain meat, milk, wool, skins for tailoring. Horses and bulls were used as draft animals and for transportation. Root crops and gourds were also grown. Beekeeping was developed. Hunting was done by separate tribes, mainly living in the Urals. Fishing was widespread among the ethnic groups that inhabited the banks of the Volga and the Urals. Among the crafts, the following classes have become widespread:

• production jewelry;
• furrier business;
• felting craft;
• weaving;
• leather production.

The national Tatar ornament is characterized by the presence of floral and floral patterns. This shows the closeness of the people to nature, the ability to see the beauty in the world around. Women knew how to weave, they themselves sewed everyday and festive costumes. Details of clothing were decorated with patterns in the form of flowers and plants. In the 19th century, embroidery with gold threads became popular. Leather was used to make shoes and wardrobe details. Leather products of different shades sewn together were popular.

Until the 20th century, there were tribal relations in the tribes. There was a division between the male half of the population and the female half. The girls were isolated from young people, before the wedding they did not communicate. The man had a higher status than the woman. The remnants of such relations are preserved in the Tatar villages even now.

All Tatar families are deeply patriarchal. Everything that the father says is carried out unquestioningly. Children revere their mother, but the wife has little say in the matter. Boys are brought up in permissiveness, as they are the successors of the family. Girls from childhood are taught decency, modesty, submission to a man. Young girls know how to run the household, help their mothers around the house.
Marriages were arranged by agreement between the parents. The young people were not asked for their consent. The groom's relatives were required to pay a ransom. Most of the wedding ceremonies and the feast took place without the presence of the bride and groom; numerous relatives took part in them. The girl got to her husband only after paying the bride price. If the groom arranged the kidnapping of the bride, then the family was exempted from the ransom.

dwelling

Tatar tribes located their settlements along the banks of rivers, near major roads. Villages were built chaotically, without an orderly layout. The villages were characterized by winding streets, sometimes leading to a dead end. From the side of the street they put up a blind fence, outbuildings were made in the yard, placing them in a bunch or in the form of the letter P. The board, the mosque, and the shops were in the center of the settlement.

Tatar houses were log buildings. Sometimes the dwelling was made of stone, less often it was adobe. The roof was covered with straw, shingles, boards. The house had two or three rooms, including a vestibule. Wealthy families could afford two- and three-story dwellings. Inside the house was divided into female and male halves. In the houses they made stoves, according to the type of Russians. They were located next to the entrance. Inside, the dwelling was decorated with embroidered towels and tablecloths. Outside, the walls were painted with ornaments and trimmed with carvings.

clothing

Tatar folk costume formed under the influence of Asian culture. Some elements were borrowed from the Caucasian peoples. The outfits of different ethnic groups are slightly different. The basis of a men's suit is made up of such elements as:

1. Long shirt (kulmek).
2. Harem pants.
3. Long sleeveless.
4. Wide belt.
5. Skullcap.
6. Ichigi.

The tunic was decorated at the top and bottom national ornament, it was girdled with a wide long piece of matter with a fringe at the ends. In addition to the shirt, loose trousers were worn. A sleeveless jacket was worn over the set, the shelves of which were supplied with embroidery. Sometimes they wore a long robe (almost to the floor) made of cotton material. The head was covered with a skullcap, which was generously decorated with national ornaments. Some ethnic groups wore fezzes - Turkish headdresses. In cold weather, they wore a beshmet - a caftan of a narrow cut, knee-length. In winter, they wore sheepskin coats and fur hats. Ichigi served as shoes. These are light, comfortable boots made of soft leather without a heel. Ichigi was decorated with colored leather inserts and ornaments.

outfits Tatar girls very colorful and feminine. Initially, the girls wore a suit similar to a man's: a long (floor-length) tunic and wide trousers. Flounces were sewn to the lower edge of the tunic. The upper part was embroidered with patterns. In modern outfits, the tunic has been transformed into a long dress with a narrow bodice and flared hem. The dress highlights well. female figure giving it curvaceous shape. Over it is worn a waistcoat of medium length or waist length. It is richly decorated with embroidery. The head is covered with a cap like a fez, a turban or a kalfak.

Traditions

Tatars are a nation with a dynamic temperament. They are very active and love dancing and music. There are many holidays and customs in Tatar culture. They celebrate almost all Muslim holidays, and they also have ancient rituals associated with natural phenomena. The main holidays are:

1. Sabantuy.
2. Nardugan.
3. Novruz.
4. Eid al-Adha.
5. Eid al Adha.
6. Ramadan.

Ramadan is a sacred holiday of spiritual purification. It is named after the month of the Tatar calendar, the ninth in a row. The whole month is a strict fast, in addition, you need to pray earnestly. This helps a person to cleanse himself of dirty thoughts, to become closer to God. This strengthens faith in Allah. Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the occasion of the end of the fast. On this day, you can eat everything that Muslims cannot afford in fasting. The holiday is celebrated by the whole family, with the invitation of relatives. AT countryside festivities are held with dances, songs, fairs.

Eid al-Adha - the feast of sacrifice, is celebrated 70 days after Eid al-Adha. This is the main holiday among Muslims around the world and the most beloved. On this day, sacrifices are made to please Allah. The legend says that the Almighty asked the prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as a test. Ibrahim decided to fulfill the desire of Allah by showing the steadfastness of his faith. Therefore, God left his son alive, commanding to slaughter a lamb instead of him. On this day, Muslims must sacrifice a sheep, ram or goat, keep some of the meat for themselves, and distribute the rest to those in need.

Very significant for the Tatars is Sabantuy - the holiday of the plow. This is the end of spring field work. It is dedicated to labor, harvest, healthy lifestyle life. Sabantuy is celebrated cheerfully, on a grand scale. On this day, festivities, dances, sports competitions begin. Competitions of singers and dancers are held. It is customary to invite guests, serve treats. Porridge, colored eggs, buns are put on the table.

Nardugan is an ancient pagan holiday of the winter solstice. It is celebrated at the end of December. Translated from the Mongolian name of the holiday means "birth of the sun." There is a belief that with the beginning of the solstice, the forces of darkness lose their power. Young people dress up in costumes, masks and walk around the yards. On the day of the spring equinox (March 21), Novruz is celebrated - the arrival of spring. According to the astronomical solar calendar, a new year is coming. Daylight overtakes night, the sun turns to summer.
Another interesting custom is that Tatars do not eat pork. This is explained by the laws of Islam. The bottom line is that Allah knows what benefits his creatures, that is, people. He forbids the eating of pig meat, as it is considered unclean. This locked is reflected in the Koran - a sacred book for Muslims.

Names

Tatars call children beautiful, sonorous names that have deep meaning. Popular male names are:

• Karim - generous;
• Camille - perfect;
• Anwar - radiant;
• Arslan - lion;
• Dinar is precious.

Girls are called names that reveal natural qualities, symbolizing beauty, wisdom. Common female names:

• Venus is a star;
• Gulnara - decorated with flowers;
• Kamaliya - perfect;
• Lucia - light;
• Ramilya - miraculous;
• Firyuza - radiant.

Food

The peoples of Asia, Siberia, and the Urals had a great influence on Tatar cuisine. The inclusion of their national dishes (pilaf, dumplings, baklava, chak-chak) diversified the diet of the Tatars, made it more diverse. Tatar cuisine is rich in meat, vegetables, and spices. It has a lot of various pastries, confectionery, nuts, dried fruits. In the Middle Ages, horse meat was widely used, later they began to add the meat of chickens, turkeys, geese. Favorite meat dish Tatars have lamb. A lot of fermented milk products: cottage cheese, ayran, sour cream. Dumplings and dumplings 1 are quite common food on the Tatar table. Dumplings are eaten with broth. Popular dishes of Tatar cuisine:

1. Shurpa is a fatty, thick lamb-based soup.
2. Balish is a baked pie made from unleavened dough stuffed with meat and potatoes, rice or millet. This is the most ancient dish, it is served on festive table.
3. Tutyrma - homemade sausage from an intestine stuffed with minced meat with rice.
4. Beshbarmak - stew with homemade noodles. It is traditionally eaten with the hands, hence the name "five fingers".
5. Baklava is a treat that came from the East. It is a puff pastry cookie with nuts in syrup.
6. Chak-chak is a sweet product made from dough with honey.
7. Gubadia is a closed pie with a sweet filling, which is distributed in layers. It includes rice, dried fruits, cottage cheese.

Potatoes are often used as a side dish. There are snacks from beets, carrots, tomatoes, sweet peppers. Turnip, pumpkin, cabbage are used as food. Porridges are frequent dishes. For everyday food, millet, buckwheat, peas, and rice are boiled. There are always a lot of sweets from unleavened and rich dough on the Tatar table. These include: baursak, chelpek, katlama, kosh-tele. Honey is often added to sweet dishes.

Popular drinks include:

• ayran - a fermented milk product based on kefir;
• kvass from rye flour;
• sherbet - a soft drink made from rose hips, licorice, roses with the addition of honey, spices;
• herbal teas.

Tatar cuisine is characterized by stewing, boiling, baking in the oven. Food is not fried, sometimes boiled meat is fried a little in the oven.

Famous people

Among the Tatar people there are many talented people famous all over the world. These are athletes, figures of science and culture, writers, actors. Here is some of them:

1. Chulpan Khamatova is an actress.
2. Marat Basharov is an actor.
3. Rudolf Nureyev - ballet dancer.
4. Musa Jalil - famous poet, The hero of the USSR.
5. Zakir Rameev is a classic of Tatar literature.
6. Alsou is a singer.
7. Azat Abbasov - Opera singer.
8. Gata Kamsky - grandmaster, US chess champion in 1991, one of the 20 strongest chess players in the world.
9. Zinetula Bilyaletdinov - Olympic champion, multiple world and European champion as part of the hockey team, coach of the Russian national hockey team.
10. Albina Akhatova is a five-time biathlon world champion.

Character

The Tatar nation is very hospitable and friendly. The guest is an important person in the house, he is treated with great respect, asked to share a meal with them. Representatives of this people have a cheerful, optimistic character, do not like to lose heart. They are very sociable and talkative.

Men are characterized by perseverance, purposefulness. They are distinguished by diligence, they are used to achieving success. Tatar women are very friendly and helpful. They are brought up as a model of morality, decency. They are attached to their children, trying to give them the best.

Modern Tatar women follow fashion, look very well-groomed, attractive. They are educated, with them there is always something to talk about. Representatives of this people leave a good impression of themselves.

I quote I:

For N, the Tatars have old info. The sample is small, in fact, Tatars have much more N, this can be seen from the tests.
Someone also lied to you about the Z93. The Polish-Lithuanian "Tatars" have this snip. This is a small nation of several tens of thousands of people sent at one time from the Western Horde to help the Mongolian troops. You understand that these are not Tatars, it is incorrect to refer to them.
Kazan Tatars do not have Z93, but Baltic snips. You can check it with FTDNA. There is one single Z93 in Mishar in Bashkiria, but this does not mean anything. Here, your Bashkir neighbors have Z93 all the time.
In the above table, there is not even J, E, although the Tatars have a lot of them according to the latest data.
But J, E, N were not found in the Scythian-Sarmatian bones.
Forget about phenotypes, this is irrelevant.

1. If there are Baltic snips, then most likely from the Balts of the Imenkovskaya culture.

2. Anthropology is relevant. First of all, she says that the Tatars are racially different from the Finno-Ugric peoples and Russians. The predominance of the Pontids already speaks for itself.

3. Tatars are dominated by non-European snips R1a:

Z93 + and L342.2 + If there is another infa - throw off the link. I'll take a look.

4. There is a DNA project on the tatforum. According to it, it turns out that R1a Tatars by haplotypes have nothing in common with Finno-Ugric peoples and Russians: www.tatforum.info/forum/index.php?showtopic=6803&st=520
___________________

There is an official anthropology. Finally, there are eyes. Although crack - the Tatars are basically not Finno-Ugric, not Balts and not Russians, but Pontids (North-Iranids).

What are you trying to prove to me?

As for the Mishars, the Finno-Ugric peoples are generally ridiculous.))) They have completely pronounced pontids + the nomadic tradition has not been lost. At the same time, they sharply differ from the Russians and the surrounding Finnish peoples. The ancient Finnish meshchera, if anything, had the Upper Oka type. Steppe Misharsky is from the Scythians:

* Proceedings of the Society of Archeology, History and Ethnography at the Imperial Kazan University. - Kazan, 1903
//. Traditions and historical data about the Mishars. Gainetdin Akhmerov.

The Mishars call themselves Tatars, and consider the name "Mishar" to be an insulting expression in relation to themselves. To the question "Mishar"? they often respond with swear words with the addition of the consonant verb “Tishar” (pierce, pierce), while other foreigners, for example, Bashkirs, Kyrgyz, talking about their nationality “without Bashkorts” (we are Bashkirs), “without Cossacks” (we are Kyrgyz), they strike their chest with their hands - as a sign of pride. The Kazan Tatars, calling themselves Muslims by faith or Bulgars by origin, do not respect the name “Tatar” for themselves.
The Mishars, although everyone is engaged in agriculture, everywhere show a tendency to cattle breeding, they breed a lot of livestock, especially sheep. Tatars living in the neighborhood of the Mishars do not have such a penchant for cattle breeding.
In the provinces of Simbirsk and Samara, the Mishars trade in sheep; each horse-dealer grazes his own herd.
In the autumn, the Mishari hawkers rent winter fields from neighboring landowners, where they graze their sheep until the very winter; they do not have enough fields for this. The Mishars do not have a special inclination for poultry farming; they generally have few domestic birds. They don’t even have their own names for some poultry, they pile (Russian kochet) - a rooster, silazan - a drake, and among the Tatars, a rooster has been used to determine the time since ancient times and it is often discussed in children's fairy tales. Among Tatars, Chuvashs and other non-Russians of the Volga region, poultry farming is an economic support, especially chicken farming, for example, many eggs are sent from the provinces of Kazan and Vyatka to St. Petersburg, Riga and from there abroad.
Beekeeping and hunting are also not habitual crafts for the Mishars, however, in Bashkiria, the Mishars and their murzas are partly engaged in falconry and wolf racing. They have special horses for this, which are considered laudable.
In former times, the Mishars of the Nizhny Novgorod and Simbirsk provinces led tame bears, which is why the Tatars often call them "ayuchy" (bear leader).
The Mishars began to engage in trade, mainly peddling, only recently, and then not everywhere, but only in some provinces, for example, Nizhny Novgorod, Simbirsk, Penza and Saratov and in the cities of Kasimov and Chistopol. Many of them live in the capitals. In St. Petersburg, they are known under the name of negligents, since they mostly sell old clothes. In Moscow, they sell "knots" (i.e., they carry their goods in a bundle), lace and junk. In Nizhny Novgorod they serve in grain mills and in various factories. In Kostroma, they are partly cabbies, partly serve on various ships, there are also shipbuilders. In Astrakhan, for the most part, drafters (visitors from the provinces of Nizhny Novgorod and Penza).
There are a lot of Konovalov from Mishars. In some villages of the Simbirsk province, the Mishars are completely engaged in this trade. Of the Tatars of Kazan, there are no horsemen at all. Mishar horse-drawn horses can be seen all over Russia, except for the Kirghiz steppes. In the summer of 1898, three Mishar teachers from the Karsun district of the Simbirsk province came to Kazan for teacher training, one of whom brought a piece of Japanese cloth to sew a dressing gown in Kazan. This cloth was bought from horse-dressers visiting Japan and China.
It turns out that the Mishar horsemen, going deep into Asia, end up in China and Japan, from where they bring various kinds of Asian fabrics and carpets, which are sold here as a rarity for expensive prices.
In the summer of 1899, the Mishars of the Karsun district of the Simbirsk province, visiting the Amur Territory, asked the government for access to Sakhalin Island, but they were not allowed to.
In the provinces of Simbirsk, Samara and Kazan, the Mishari are also engaged in horse-stealing, and they show remarkable courage, resourcefulness and patience. This is supposed to be the remnants of the former equestrian prowess. We see the same passion for horse stealing among the Kirghiz and Kalmyks. In the west of Tsivilsky and in the Buinsky counties there are Mishar villages, the inhabitants of which are completely engaged in this shameful trade. Gangs of horse thieves are always well organized, if not from one village, then from several villages - two or three people each; usually meet at markets and fairs. In the neighborhood with the Mishars, or simply by misunderstanding, this vice is attributed to the Kazan Tatars, while among them horse stealing is a very rare occurrence. In the Vyatka province, where herds walk without a shepherd in fenced fields and forests, horse theft is also a rare occurrence.
The Mishars have a particular inclination towards animal food rather than vegetable food. The most favorite meat is lamb and horsemeat sausage. Horses are slaughtered only when they are old and emaciated; a foal is never slaughtered. And the Tatars, on the contrary, slaughter fat horses and they are often fattened with bard, where there are distilleries; many young foals are slaughtered to free the uterus during field work.

Mishars do not have national Tatar holidays, like Sabantuy (plow holiday), Zein - summer fun holidays in May and June. However, in some places, due to the Tatar influence, Sabantuy and the Mishars celebrate.
6 H-654

VII. About the suit.

The costume of the Mishars, both for men and women, is the same Tatar, but they wear clothes more ancient form.
From the information delivered to E. A. Malov by the Tatar S. A. regarding the form, the following can be seen: “the clothes of the Mishars are like the clothes of old times, they have no new fashion.” Among the Kazan Tatars, the form often changes, like a trading people and having constant relations with various peoples. E. A. Malov says that the clothes of the Mishars are simple, of ancient cut, and not the exquisite clothes of the Mohammedan form. E. A. noticed that the shirts of the Mishars, like those of the Russians, are red or variegated, i.e., red-blue checks.
In some places (the provinces of Penza, Tambov, Nizhny Novgorod and Simbirsk), a Russian-village influence is noticed on the men's costume of the Mishars, for example, sometimes the Mishars wear a Russian short fur coat, Russian hats, boots with wide tops or Russian bast shoes.
The Tatars, on the other hand, have recently begun to notice Russian urban influence on both men's and women's costumes.
The headband of the Mishars has a special shape, completely similar to the Kirghiz one. First, they wrap the head with a veil (tastar), and tie a scarf over it, spreading its ends from behind, as if from a turban. E. A. Malov and Cheremshansky also pointed out this feature of the headband of the misharok. I. N. Smirnov noticed that, under the influence of the Mishars, the Mokshan women also wear the same form of headdress.
Misharks do not wear caps and hats; Tatar women often wear white felt hats during field work, and on holidays and at a party they wear hats with a beaver band, sometimes decorated with a braid on top. However, the lace decoration of hats is already out of fashion among the Tatars. The hat is also given as a kalym from the groom, and is recorded in the metric, among other outfits.
Misharkas have their own national camisole-rod of an upper dress with short skirts and sleeves to the elbows, with an open collar, pleated waist. The camisole is fastened with only one clasp, more than silver, the front edges only touch, and do not cover each other. We see exactly the same camisole among the Kirghiz and Nogai Tatars (in the provinces of Orenburg and Astrakhan). Tatar women also wear a camisole, but not like this, it is without folds and without sleeves, the collar is slightly open, the front edges cover each other. The camisole of the Tatars is usually warm (with fur), and is also given in kalym.
The Mishars wear knitted stockings, while the Tatars and Chuvashs wear white cloth stockings.
The Kostroma Mishars have nothing national left, except for the headband of women, who can only be distinguished from Russian women by this outfit.
The costume of the Mishars in the provinces of Orenburg and Ufa, judging by the descriptions of Cheremshansky, does not differ at all from the costume of the Bashkirs and Tatars of that region.

CONCLUSION ON PEOPLE AND ORIGIN.

Among Russian scientists, there was an opinion that the current Mishars or Meshcheryaks, as they are called in Russian literature, come from the Finnish Meshchera tribe that lived on the Oka and its tributaries.
This assumption, based solely on the name "Mishar" and the disappearance of Meshchera, needs scientific verification. Literature about the Mishars is extremely poor; no one studied the language and life of this people, which is why there are common mistakes and inaccuracies in the few available sources.
The bare name "Mishar", of course, is not enough to determine the nationality of this tribe, since neighboring peoples often give each other erroneous names, for example, the Kirghiz call the Bashkirs the Ostyaks (istak), the meadow Cheremis call the Tatars the Chuvashs (Suas), the Votyaks they are called bigers (biger), the Chuvashs call the Kirghiz nogays (nogai), and the Kirghiz themselves call this name the Volga Tatars in general, the Altai Kalmyks call the Russian Cossacks (Cossack). The disappeared Meshchera tribe was of the same origin as the Mordovians, and in Russian chronicles it is constantly mentioned along with the Mordovians and Cheremis.
Mordva, like other Volga Finns, has been leading a sedentary life since ancient times and from time immemorial has been engaged in arable farming and beekeeping, hunting for animals and fishing.
The Mishars, however, not only have no inclination towards these branches of the economy (except for agriculture), but there are absolutely no words in the language related to these crafts. And their agriculture is in a much worse state than that of the Mordovians and other foreigners of the Volga region. The Mordovians, like other Finns, do not notice a nomadic character at all, which was preserved quite freshly among the Mishars.
6* 163

If the assumption about the origin of the current Mishars from the Meshchera is considered reliable, then under the influence of what people could this Finnish tribe so soon and completely Tatar? In the language of the Kazan Tatars, as the closest Turkic neighbors of Meshchera, we do not notice some phonetic features Mishar dialect and a lot of its words and Turkic archaisms, found only in the dialects of the Siberian Tatars, who never came into contact with the Meshchera.
The question is, by virtue of what favorable circumstances did other neighbors and fellow tribesmen of the Meshchers (Mordva and Cheremis) not suffer the same fate and remain, as it were, isolated from the Tatars? Meanwhile, the Mordvins (Moksha), occupying their historical places even now (and in the area of ​​​​the Meshchera, as the name of the river - Moksha shows), is a constant neighbor of the Mishars in the provinces of Ryazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Tambov, Simbirsk, etc. How to explain, finally the current Mishars have the most Turkic type, and where could they have had so many murzas and princes?
The Mishars consider themselves Tatars, the Kirghiz call them Nogays (Nogai), the Kazan Tatars claim that they are of Turkish origin; other foreigners and the Russian people indifferently call them Tatars.
The language and the names of settlements derived from it prove that this is a nomadic people of the Turkic race, who came out of Central Asia at a relatively late time. Their own legends and some historical data say that these are fragments of the Golden Horde.
Personal names and surnames derived from them also serve to some extent as indicators of their Tatar origin.
By type, the Mishars belong to the Turkic race and have more similarities, for example, with the Crimean Tatars and even distant Yakuts.
Their occupations, manners and customs are of a nomadic nature and are similar to those of the Kirghiz.
The women's costume is of purely Asian origin and is completely similar to the Kirghiz and Nogai.
The totality of all these data excludes the possibility of the Finnish origin of the current Mishars and serves as irrefutable proof of their Turkic origin. I came to a deep conviction that these were representatives of a more numerous and once strong tribe, namely the descendants of those nomads of Asia who in the 13th century poured into Europe through the Ural River and established themselves on Akhtuba under the name of the Golden Horde. After the collapse of the last part of this tribe, led by Prince Kasim, in the middle of the 15th century, it established itself on the Oka and began to be called by the main city of Meshchera, where their leader Ka-sim sat down. Another significant part, wandering for a long time and known under common name Nogai, after conquering the kingdoms of Kazan and Astrakhan, gradually established itself in the current provinces of Samara, Saratov, Simbirsk, Penza and the southern part of Kazan, when the region began to be settled by Russians. When the complete domination of the Russians on the Volga was established, various circumstances forced the Mohammedan foreigners (Tatars and Mishars) to move to Bashkiria, where they live to this day. And also many Tatar princes and murzas with their squads left the Horde for Russian service at different times. This whole element is currently called mishar.

VII. About the name Mishar.

The Turkic tribes have a custom to call themselves and their neighbors by the names of their leaders (Uzbek, Nogai, Chagatai, etc.), or by the names of settlements. For example, the Turks call the Russians in general by the name "Moskov", the Volga Bulgars were also known by their main city. The Mishars of the Nizhny Novgorod province call the Tatars the name "Kazan", the Astrakhan Nogai call them "Kazans". Mishar murzas in the Ufa province are known in Bashkiria under the name "Toman" as they came out of Temnikov, Tambov province. The Mishars of the Ryazan province generally call themselves "KaciM", and the city of Kasimov is called "Kirman".
In the cities of Moscow and Astrakhan, there are many Mishars from the Nizhny Novgorod province, who are generally known under the name "Nizhgorod", as they call themselves. The city of Kasimov, before being occupied by the Tatars, was called "Meshchera", as well as "Meshchersky town". The name of the ancestor of the new settlers (Kasim) gradually supplanted ancient name, which later passed to the people who lived in it (and in its region). The Kazan Tatars imposed this name without distinction on all the Tatars of the Volga region, speaking one common dialect.

_____________________

Tell me what you are trying to prove to me and why?

That Tatars are brothers to Russians and Finno-Ugric peoples?