What Tatars look like, the appearance of women and men, photos, typical features of the Tatar nationality. Appearance of Tatars from different regions: similarities, differences and features

Every nation has its distinctive features, which allow almost without errors to determine the nationality of a person. It is worth noting that the Asian peoples are very similar to each other, since all are descendants of the Mongoloid race. How can you define a Tatar? What is the difference between the appearance of the Tatars?

Uniqueness

Without a doubt, each person is unique, regardless of nationality. And yet there are some common features that unite representatives of a race or nationality. Tatars are usually attributed to the so-called Altai family. it Turkic group. The ancestors of the Tatars were known as farmers. Unlike other representatives of the Mongoloid race, the Tatars do not have a bright pronounced features shape.

The appearance of the Tatars and the changes that are now manifested in them are largely caused by assimilation with Slavic peoples. Indeed, among the Tatars, fair-haired, sometimes even red-haired representatives are sometimes found. This, for example, cannot be said about Uzbeks, Mongols or Tajiks. Do the eyes of the Tatars have features? They do not necessarily have a narrow slit in the eyes and dark skin. Are there any common features of the appearance of the Tatars?

Description of the Tatars: a bit of history

Tatars are among the most ancient and populous ethnic groups. In the Middle Ages, mention of them excited everyone around: in the east of the coast Pacific Ocean and to the Atlantic coast. A variety of scientists included references to this people in their writings. The mood of these notes was clearly polar: some wrote with rapture and admiration, while other scientists showed fear. But one thing united everyone - no one remained indifferent. It is quite obvious that it was the Tatars who provided a huge impact on the development of Eurasia. They managed to create a distinctive civilization that influenced a variety of cultures.

In history Tatar people There were both ups and downs. Periods of peace gave way to cruel times of bloodshed. The ancestors of modern Tatars took part in the creation of several strong states. Despite all the vicissitudes of fate, they managed to preserve both their people and their identity.

ethnic groups

Thanks to the works of anthropologists, it became known that the ancestors of the Tatars were not only representatives of the Mongoloid race, but also Europeans. It was this factor that led to the diversity in appearance. Moreover, the Tatars themselves are usually divided into groups: Crimean, Ural, Volga-Siberian, South Kama. The Volga-Siberian Tatars, whose facial features have the greatest signs of the Mongoloid race, are distinguished by the following features: dark hair, pronounced cheekbones, brown eyes, a wide nose, a fold over the upper eyelid. Representatives of this type are few.

Face Volga Tatars oblong, cheekbones not too pronounced. The eyes are large and gray (or brown). Hump ​​nose, oriental type. The physique is correct. In general, the men of this group are quite tall and hardy. Their skin is not dark. Such is the appearance of the Tatars from the Volga region.

Kazan Tatars: appearance and customs

The appearance of the Kazan Tatars is described as follows: strongly built strong man. From the Mongols, a wide oval of the face and a somewhat narrowed slit of the eyes are noticeable. The neck is short and strong. Men rarely wear a thick beard. Such features are explained by the fusion of Tatar blood with various Finnish peoples.

The marriage ceremony is not like a religious act. From religiosity - only reading the first chapter of the Koran and a special prayer. After marriage, a young girl does not immediately move to her husband's house: she will live with her family for another year. It is curious that her newly-made husband comes to her as a guest. Tatar girls are ready to wait for their lover.

Only a few have two wives. And in those cases when this happens, there are reasons: for example, when the first has already grown old, and the second - younger - now runs the household.

The most common Tatars of the European type are the owners of blond hair and bright eyes. The nose is narrow, aquiline or aquiline. Growth is not high - in women about 165 cm.

Peculiarities

In the character of a Tatar man, some features were noticed: diligence, cleanliness and hospitality border on stubbornness, pride and indifference. Respect for elders is what distinguishes the Tatars. It was noted that representatives of this people tend to be guided by reason, adapt to the situation, and are law-abiding. In general, the synthesis of all these qualities, especially diligence and perseverance, makes a Tatar man very purposeful. Such people are able to achieve success in their careers. The work is brought to the end, they have a habit of achieving their goal.

A purebred Tatar seeks to acquire new knowledge, showing enviable perseverance and responsibility. Crimean Tatars have a special indifference and calmness in stressful situations. Tatars are very curious and talkative, but during work they are stubbornly silent, apparently so as not to lose concentration.

One of characteristic features- self-esteem. It manifests itself in the fact that the Tatar considers himself special. As a result, there is a certain arrogance and even arrogance.

Cleanliness distinguishes Tatars. In their homes, they do not tolerate disorder and dirt. Moreover, this does not depend on financial capabilities - both rich and poor Tatars zealously monitor cleanliness.

My home is your home

Tatars are very hospitable people. We are ready to host a person, regardless of his status, faith or nationality. Even with a modest income, they show cordial hospitality, ready to share a modest meal with a guest.

Tatar women stand out with great curiosity. They are attracted beautiful clothes, they watch with interest people of other nationalities, follow fashion. Tatar women are very attached to their home, they devote themselves to raising children.

Tatar women

What an amazing creature - a Tatar woman! In her heart is immeasurable, deepest love to your loved ones, to your children. Its purpose is to bring peace to people, to serve as a model of peacefulness and morality. A Tatar woman is distinguished by a sense of harmony and special musicality. She radiates a certain spirituality and nobility of the soul. Inner world Tatar women are full of riches!

Tatar girls with young years aimed at a strong, lasting marriage. After all, they want to love their husband and raise future children behind solid walls of reliability and trust. No wonder the Tatar proverb says: “A woman without a husband is like a horse without a bridle!” Her husband's word is law for her. Although witty Tatars complement - for any law, however, there is also an amendment! And yet these are devoted women who sacredly honor traditions and customs. However, do not expect to see a Tatar in a black veil - this is a stylish lady who has a sense of dignity.

The appearance of the Tatars is very well-groomed. Fashionistas in the wardrobe can see stylized things that emphasize her national identity. Here, for example, there are shoes that imitate chitek - national leather boots that are worn Tatar girls. Another example is applications, where patterns convey the stunning beauty of the earth's flora.

And what's on the table?

A Tatar woman is a wonderful hostess, loving, hospitable. By the way, a little about the kitchen. National cuisine Tatar is quite predictable in that the main dishes are often based on dough and fat. Even a lot of dough, a lot of fat! Of course, this is far from the most healthy eating, although guests are usually offered exotic dishes: kazylyk (or dried horse meat), gubadia (a puff pie with a wide variety of fillings, from cottage cheese to meat), talkysh-kaleva (an incredibly high-calorie dessert made from flour, butter and honey). You can drink all this rich treat with ayran (a mixture of katyk and water) or traditional tea.

Like Tatar men, women are distinguished by purposefulness and perseverance in achieving goals. Overcoming difficulties, they show ingenuity and resourcefulness. All this is complemented by great modesty, generosity and kindness. Truly, a Tatar woman is a wonderful gift from above!

Of course, all people are different, but still there are certain features that unite a separate race, a group of peoples, a people. Tatars belong to the Altai family, the Turkic group. The ancestors of the Tatars were farmers. Tatars, unlike other representatives of the Mongoloid race, do not have pronounced common features in appearance. The appearance of the Tatar has undergone changes due to infusions of Slavic blood. Indeed, Tatars can be not only dark-haired, but also fair-haired and even red-haired, unlike the Mongols, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks, Tajiks. Also, Tatars do not necessarily have narrow eyes and very dark skin. However, they still distinguish common features of the Tatar appearance. Anthropologists have revealed that modern Tatars had ancestors of both the Mongoloid and Caucasoid races.

It is in connection with this that the representatives of this people are so different. In addition, there are several types of Tatars: Ural, South Kama, Crimean, Volga-Siberian. The last type is closest to the Mongoloid race. have a wide nose, pronounced cheekbones, dark hair, brown eyes, a crease above the upper eyelid. But this type is very rare. Volga Tatars have an oblong face without pronounced cheekbones, large gray or brown eyes, an oriental-type nose with a hump. The physique is correct, tall, hardy, the skin is not swarthy. More often, however, there are Tatars of European appearance, with blond hair, light eyes. Almost all Tatars have a narrow nose, sometimes with a hump or aquiline. Often Tatars are not tall, average height women is 164 cm.

The character of the Tatar also has its own characteristics. Representatives of this people are hardworking, hospitable, stubborn, clean, but proud, indifferent, unshakable. In their traditions, respect elders, be guided by reason, be law-abiding, adapt to the situation, be able to adapt. They are also deeply religious, patient, love order and power. Thanks to their hard work, perseverance, straightforwardness, they achieve success in their careers, a commercial streak is certainly inherent in this people. They are disciplined and persistent, work to the end, achieve their goals.

Tatars strive to gain knowledge, they show perseverance and responsibility. The main distinguishing feature of the Crimean Tatars is their unusual indifference and calmness, even in the most difficult situation. Tatars are very talkative and curious, although they are silent and concentrated during work. In addition, these people have a pronounced sense of their own dignity, consider themselves special, sometimes arrogant, arrogant. Everything is done with some innate dignity. Tatars are also incredibly clean, their homes are always in order and cleanliness, regardless of whether they live richly or poorly. They take care of their appearance, neat and clean. In relation to their co-religionists, the Tatars are incredibly respectful, very honest, thefts are a rarity among their own.

The Tatar people are very hospitable, despite belonging to a particular faith, social status, etc. they accept everyone on an equal footing. Even if they are not rich, they will always invite a guest to the table and share their modest lunch and dinner. Incredible curiosity is distinguished by women. Tatar women, being tied to the house, busy raising children, are surprised at literally various little things, they try in every way to look beyond the veil public life, their eyes are attracted by beautiful outfits, interesting trinkets, they love to watch people, especially Christians, Europeans, who have other traditions and foundations. How to define a Tatar, if certain character traits can be quite inherent in other nationalities. It is only necessary to combine external features and character traits. Since the Tatar people are a Muslim people, they are nevertheless similar to other peoples who profess Islam. But they also learned a lot from the Europeans, because many Tatars live on a common territory with them.

feature Tatar nationality there is a lack of pronounced features of appearance, which would make it possible to unmistakably distinguish its representatives from other peoples. Their appearance is different, depending on ethnic group to which they belong. However, anthropology still highlights the signs of how the Tatars look, taking into account the characteristic features.

How to identify a Tatar: typical features of nationality

Tatars (self-name "Tatarlar") belong to the Turkic group, the white race. Since ancient times, the populous ethnos influenced the development of Eurasia. The history of the Middle Ages tells how the nation held in tension a vast territory from the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic coast.

The variety of types of appearance of the people is due to its origin, since among the ancestors of the Tatars there were representatives of both the Mongoloid and European races. This also explains the prevalence and population of the nation.

The mixed race, to which the Tatars belong, allows you to see among its representatives dark-haired and fair, red, brown-eyed, with gray eyes, and so on.

Depending on where they came from and where they live, there are many types of a given nationality.

These include:

• Kazan;
• Kasimov's;
• Siberian;
• Astrakhan;
• Permian;
• Crimean Tatars;
• Mishari;
• teptyari;
• Kryashens;
• whips and others.

The population of the nation in Russia in 2010, according to Wikipedia, is 5.3 million people. As a percentage, the indicator, how many Tatars are from the total population, is 3.87%. In terms of prevalence in the Russian Federation, nationality is recognized as the second after Russians. There are about a million Tatars in the world, they make up more than half of the population of the Republic of Tatarstan (53%), and in the United States, according to statistics, only 2-7 thousand people live.

Representatives of the nation speak the Tatar language, which includes the Western and Kazan dialects. In the religion of the people there are Muslims, Orthodox Christians (Kryashens) or atheists (there is no faith in God). Mostly in their religion, the Tatars belong to the Sunnis, and not to the Shiites.

It helps to determine nationality by facial features characteristic of anthropological types.

Tatars distinguish 4 of them:

Each of them is characterized by the features shown in the photo.

head shape

Tatars are characterized by mesokephaly or subbrachycephaly (cranial index 76-80), that is, they are predominantly medium-headed, moderately long and wide skull and oval face.

The Mongoloid type is characterized by brachycephaly, that is, short-headedness. The face is broad and flattened.

The photo shows TV presenter Almaz Garayev and actor and TV presenter Timur Batrutdinov.

Almaz Garayev

Timur Batrutdinov

Eyes

It is believed that the Tatars are characterized by the Mongolian section of the eyes, their narrow shape. However, this is not necessary; the epicanthus is predominantly found in the Mongoloid type, and is poorly developed in the sublaponoid type.

Other anthropological types are not characterized by such features.

The color varies: Tatars are blue-eyed, with brown eyes. But the green ones are the most common.

The photo shows the singer, actor and director Dmitry Bikbaev.

It is difficult to identify a Tatar by his appearance.

A more characteristic type is presented below - singer, actor, composer, producer, film director Renat Ibragimov.

Nose

The shape of the olfactory organ in Tatars is diverse. Usually the nose is wide, with a straight back or an unexpressed hump. For Pontic type a lowered tip is characteristic, for the Mongoloid and sublaponoid - a low nose bridge.

The photo shows a singer, actor, entrepreneur, composer, producer Timati (Timur Yunusov) and a successful tennis player Marat Safin.

Marat Safin

Hair

Mostly Tatars are characterized by black hair. But unlike the Uzbeks, Mongols, Tajiks, there are also fair-haired representatives of the nationality. Tatars can have light brown and red color.

The photographs show Russian footballer Ruslan Nigmatullin and actor Marat Basharov.

Ruslan Nigmatullin

Marat Basharov

The appearance of the Tatars

A generalized image, what Tatars are, is a person of medium height with mixed pigmentation of eyes and hair, a moderately wide oval face, a straight or hooked nose. Men are distinguished by a strongly built body, stockiness, women, on the contrary, by fragility.

The appearance of Tatars sometimes differs significantly, depending on belonging to a particular ethnic group.

Kazan

Among the Tatars of this ethnic group, European features of appearance are often observed: blond hair, sometimes red, light eyes, a narrow nose, straight or with a hump. This type is similar to the Slavs.

From the Mongols, a wide oval face and narrowed eyes may be present.

Men are characterized by medium height, strong build, short neck. This is due to the mixing of blood with Finnish peoples.

The picture shows Kazan Tatar celebrities.

Crimean

The Tatars of this group appeared in the 15th century. Its representatives live in the south of Ukraine, in Russia, Romania, Turkey, Uzbekistan (where they were deported from the Crimea in the middle of the 20th century).

Purebred Crimean Tatars have an appearance close to Slavic. The real representatives of the nation were tall, blond or red hair, light eyes and skin.

However, the neighborhood with Asians introduced characteristic features into the image of nationality. Many Tatars acquired the corresponding type of face, dark hair and eyes, swarthyness.

After returning to the Crimea, the people revive the lost original customs and traditions.

The photo shows the Crimean and Kazan Tatars, where features are traced, how ethnic groups differ from each other.

Ural

The history of the Tatars in the South Urals is little studied, today the Chelyabinsk region has great amount communities.

The anthropological type of a representative of the nationality is shown in the figure.

Often there are dark hair and eyes, possibly narrowed, a wide oval face and nose, prominent cheekbones, large ears.

Volga

The Tatars of this group are characterized by signs of the Mongoloid race. This is manifested by dark hair, gray or brown eyes with a crease in the upper eyelid, a wide nose, sometimes with a hump, usually fair skin.

Men are distinguished by a strong physique, height above average.

Siberian

Oriental appearance is characteristic, which is visually easy to distinguish from Russian. A mixture of Caucasoid and Mongoloid types is characteristic. Sometimes the appearance of the Siberian Tatars is comparable to the Uzbek.

Representatives of the nationality have dark hair and eyes, prominent cheekbones, a wide nose of the oriental type. The physique is correct, men are characterized by strength and endurance.

Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod)

They act as a sub-ethnos of the Tatar-Mishars. Them feature- clattering Nizhny Novgorod dialect. Live in Nizhny Novgorod, Dzerzhinsk and Tatar villages.

The Pontic anthropological type of appearance predominates, manifested by dark or mixed pigmentation of the eyes and hair, a hooked nose and a lowered tip, and medium height. Caucasoid features are possible, differing from the previous ones in the light color of the hair and eyes. The Mongoloid type of appearance is not numerous.

Astrakhan

A group of Tatars formed on the territory of the modern Astrakhan region. They are considered descendants of the Turkic-speaking population of the Golden Horde, they have their own dialect.

During historical development the nationality was influenced by the Nogais.

For the appearance of the Astrakhan Tatars, Mongoloid features are more characteristic than Caucasoid ones. noted dark color hair and eyes, some of their narrowness, wide oval face and nose.

What do Tatars look like?

The appearance of the representatives of the weaker sex of the Tatar nationality is similar to those of men. Most of them are of European ethnicity, however, the Mongoloid type is also common.

The photo shows various types of Tatar appearance: the famous journalist and TV presenter Lilia Gildeeva and the beauty Miss Youth of Tatarstan 2012 Albina Zamaleeva.

Lilia Gildeeva

Albina Zamaleeva

Face

Tatar girls are characterized by a rounded oval of the face, an unexpressed squint of the eyes, and the presence of epicanthus is possible. Their color varies from blue to black. Green eyes are more common.

The photo shows the singer AsylYar (Alsu Zainutdinova).

In her biography it is noted that she is the very first in history who sang a song in the Tatar language in international competition"Eurovision".

Hair color is also diverse, among the Tatars there are blondes, brunettes, brown-haired women, redheads.

The photo shows the Olympic champion, Europe, Russia rhythmic gymnastics, State Duma deputy Alina Kabaeva and model Diana Farhullina.

Alina Kabaeva

Diana Farhullina

Depending on the type of appearance, the skin is dark or light. Often it is whiter than that of the representatives of the Slavic nationality.

Figure

Most Tatar women are characterized slim figures, fragility and elegance. An example of this is the theater and film actress Chulpan Khamatova.

The height of the Tatars is average, about 165 centimeters, long legs uncharacteristic. Some representatives of the nation are characterized by a square figure: broad shoulders along with the same hips. The narrow waist emphasizes the beauty of Tatar women.

The photo shows the famous fashion model Irina Shayk (Shaykhlislamova), a Tatar on the paternal side.

Features of character and mentality

To understand who the Tatars are, it is important to know who they came from. The origin left an imprint on their appearance and lifestyle.

Briefly, the theory of where the Tatars came from calls the place where the roots of the nation were formed ancient state Volga Bulgaria. Their ancestors are the Bulgars. The Turkic-Bulgarian ethnos came from the Asian steppes and settled in the Middle Volga region. AT X-XIII centuries The nation created its own statehood. Mostly we are talking about the Volga-Ural group, other varieties are considered as separate communities. For example, the theory of Tatar-Mongol origin reduces or even denies the participation of the Volga Bulgaria in the history of the Kazan Tatars.

Often there is a dispute that the Tatars are still Asians or Europeans. It is due to racial mixing. Geneticists say that the nation is mostly Caucasoids, with a minority of Mongoloids.

The photo shows the guys and girls of the Tatars in national costumes.

The mentality and culture of the people are influenced by their religion - they profess Islam, which they adopted on May 21, 922.

The character of a Tatar man is distinguished by stubbornness, indifference. However, at the same time, he is hardworking, hospitable, has a sense of dignity, which is sometimes perceived as pride and arrogance. Crimean Tatars are distinguished by calmness, enterprise in stressful situations. They are careerists, striving for knowledge and new opportunities.

What Tatar men are in a relationship is determined by their character: they are reliable, reasonable, law-abiding, purposeful. Religion allows polygamy, but it is extremely rare. Usually a second wife, a younger one, is brought into the house to help with household chores when the first wife has grown old.

A Tatar wife is obedient and submissive to her husband, betrayed in love, from childhood, girls are set up for a long-lasting and only marriage. Women are inquisitive, clean, hospitable, attentive to people, love to cook and raise children. Among the dishes that Tatars eat, kazylyk (dried horse meat), gubadiya (layer cake), talkysh kaleve (dessert), chak-chak stand out. The basis of culinary masterpieces is dough and a thick layer of fat.

Tatar women follow fashion, are interested in new products and love beautiful clothes: despite their obedience to their husbands, loyalty to customs and traditions, you cannot meet her in a black veil.

The photo shows the singer Alsou (Safina / Abramova).

It is believed that Tatar women are passionate in bed, and men are skilled lovers.

Religion does not prohibit marriages with non-Christians, so there is a Tatar wife, a Russian husband, and vice versa. Such families are quite happy, each of the members adheres to their religious beliefs. Mestizos are born from a mixture of Russians and Tatars. Children of mixed blood are often outwardly cute, combining the features of 2 nationalities.

An interesting fact is the appearance in some babies of a sign of belonging to the Mongoloid race - a specific spot (Mongolian). Such a Tatar mark in a child is a bluish patch of skin on the buttocks, sacrum, and thighs.

Sometimes it is mistaken for a bruise, although this is considered a sign of oriental blood. With age, the stain disappears.

Tatarov highlights worship and respect for elders.

An interesting marriage ceremony. After the wedding, the guy and the girl do not live together for another year. It is considered correct that at this time the young woman stays with her parents, and her husband (in Tatar the word sounds “ir”) comes as a guest.

Differences from other nations

Comparing the appearance of the Tatars and similar peoples, they distinguish identical and distinctive features.

For example, the Bashkirs also belong to the Turkic family, have a similar language and adhere to the same religion. However, there are differences in appearance. Tatars are predominantly characterized by Caucasoid features, Bashkirs - Mongoloid.

Bashkir

There is a theory that the Jews are inherently similar to the Tatars. This is due to the similar structure of DNA. Adherents of the hypothesis believe that the majority of Ashkenazi Jews did not belong to Israel and are Turks.

There is something in common between Tatars and Turks. This is their belonging to the Turkic peoples.

The Tatars also have a close relationship with the Kazakhs. Previously, they were ranked as one people, connected by a Turkic community. However, it is not difficult to distinguish nationality by appearance.

For visual comparison, the picture shows the anthropological types of various peoples.

stereotypes

There are many stereotypes about the Tatar people, right and wrong, which have become obsolete or to this day are their hallmarks.

• An uninvited guest is worse than a Tatar!- phraseological unit refers to the time when the Russians were under the yoke of the yoke. The Tatars were cruel invaders, they showed violence, ferocity. The Russians, accordingly, considered them a nasty people and hated them with all their hearts. Therefore, the uninvited guest in the proverb acts as an unexpected invader, like a Tatar, as they were scornfully called in Russia.
• Tatars are cunning and stingy. The people are characterized by thrift, they do not like to squander money. The Tatar is prudent and prosperous, creates comfortable living conditions for himself, managing finances wisely.
• Selfishness and arrogance. Sometimes Tatars call themselves special, arguing that great people have their roots. This is the reason why the representatives of the nation are not loved. However, to exalt one's people and consider them better than others is also characteristic of other nationalities.
• Tea lovers. Not a single event or meeting takes place without a drink.
• Hospitality. Tatars are friendly and inquisitive. They are happy to receive guests in the house. The hosts will put delicious Tatar delicacies on the table and keep up a pleasant conversation.

Tatars - titular nation Republic of Tatarstan, which is included in the Russian Federation. This is a Turkic ethnic group that has many subethnoi. In view of the wide settlement in the regions of Russia and neighboring countries, they influenced their ethnogenesis, assimilating with the local population. Within the ethnos there are several anthropological types of Tatars. Tatar culture is filled with unusual for Russian national traditions.

Where live

Approximately half (53% of the total mass) of Tatars live in the Republic of Tatarstan. Others are settled throughout the rest of Russia. Representatives of the people live in the regions of Central Asia, Far East, Volga, Siberia. According to the territorial and ethnic basis, the people are divided into 3 large groups:

1. Siberian
2. Astrakhan
3. Living in the Middle Volga, Urals.

AT last group includes: Kazan Tatars, Mishars, Teptyars, Kryashens. Other subenoses include:

1. Kasimov Tatars
2. Perm Tatars
3. Polish-Lithuanian Tatars
4. Chepetsk Tatars
5. Nagaybaki

population

In total, there are 8,000,000 Tatars in the world. Of these, about 5.5 million live in Russia and the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. This is the second largest number after citizens of Russian nationality. At the same time, there are 2,000,000 people in Tatarstan, 1,000,000 in Bashkortostan. A small number moved to regions neighboring Russia:

• Uzbekistan - 320,000;
• Kazakhstan - 200,000;
• Ukraine - 73,000;
• Kyrgyzstan - 45,000.

A small number lives in Romania, Turkey, Canada, USA, Poland.

Kazan is the capital of Tatarstan

Language

The official language of Tatarstan is Tatar. It belongs to the Volga-Kypchak subgroup of the Turkic branch of the Altaic languages. Representatives of sub-ethnic groups speak their own dialects. The closest are speech features peoples of the Volga region and Siberia. Currently, Tatar writing is based on Cyrillic. Prior to that, the Latin alphabet was used, and in the Middle Ages, Arabic characters were the basis of writing.

Religion

The vast majority of Tatars are Muslims who profess Sunni Islam. There are also Orthodox Christians. A small number consider themselves atheists.

Name

The self-name of the nation is Tatarlar. There is no clear version of the origin of the term "Tatars". There are several versions of the etymology of this word. The main ones are:

1. Root tat, meaning "to experience", plus the suffix ar- "gaining experience, adviser."
2. Derivative of tattoos- "peaceful, ally."
3. In some dialects tat means "foreigner".
4. Mongolian word Tatars means "poorly spoken".

According to two latest versions, these words were called Tatars by other tribes who did not understand their language, for which they were strangers.

Story

The first evidence of the existence of Tatar tribes was found in the Turkic chronicles. Chinese sources also mention the Tatars as people who lived along the banks of the Amur. They belong to the 8th-10th centuries. Historians believe that the ancestors of modern Tatars were formed with the participation of the Khazar, Polovian nomads, the tribes that inhabited the Volga Bulgaria. They united in one community with their culture, script, language. Created in the 13th century Golden Horde- a powerful state, which had a division into estates, aristocracy, clergy. By the 15th century, it broke up into separate khanates, which gave rise to the formation of sub-ethnic groups. At a later time, the mass migration of Tatars across the territory of the Russian state began.
As a result genetic research it turned out that different Tatar sub-ethnic groups did not have common ancestors. There is also a great diversity of the genome within subgroups, from which it can be concluded that many peoples influence their creation. Some ethnic groups have a large percentage of the genome of Caucasian nationalities, while Asian is almost absent.

Appearance

Tatars of different ethnic groups have different appearance. This is due to the great genetic diversity of the types. In total, 4 types of representatives of the people were identified on an anthropological basis. It:

1. Pontic
2. Sublaponoid
3. Mongoloid
4. Light European

Depending on the anthropological type, people of the Tatar nationality have light or dark skin, hair and eyes. Representatives of the Siberian ethnic group are most similar to Asians. They have a wide flat face, a narrow slit of the eyes, an enlarged nose, and an upper eyelid with a fold. The skin is swarthy, the hair is hard, black, the color of the iris is dark. They are short, squat.

Volga Tatars have an oval face, fair skin. They are distinguished by the presence of a hump on the nose, apparently inherited from Caucasian peoples. The eyes are large, gray or brown. Men of high stature, with a good physique. There are blue-eyed and fair-haired representatives of this group. Kazan Tatars have medium-dark skin, brown eyes, and dark hair. They have regular facial features, a straight nose, well-defined cheekbones.

Life

The main occupations of the Tatar tribes were:

• arable farming;
• pasture-stall animal husbandry;
• horticulture.

Hemp, barley, lentils, wheat, oats, and rye were grown in the fields. Agriculture was of the three-field type. Cattle breeding was expressed in the breeding of sheep, goats, bulls, horses. This occupation made it possible to obtain meat, milk, wool, skins for tailoring. Horses and bulls were used as draft animals and for transportation. Root crops and gourds were also grown. Beekeeping was developed. Hunting was done by separate tribes, mainly living in the Urals. Fishing was widespread among the ethnic groups that inhabited the banks of the Volga and the Urals. Among the crafts, the following classes have become widespread:

• jewelry production;
• furrier business;
• felting craft;
• weaving;
• leather production.

The national Tatar ornament is characterized by the presence of floral and floral patterns. This shows the closeness of the people to nature, the ability to see the beauty in the world around. Women knew how to weave, they themselves sewed everyday and holiday costumes. Details of clothing were decorated with patterns in the form of flowers and plants. In the 19th century, embroidery with gold threads became popular. Leather was used to make shoes and wardrobe details. Popular leather goods different shades sewn together.

Until the 20th century, there were tribal relations in the tribes. There was a division between the male half of the population and the female half. The girls were isolated from young people, before the wedding they did not communicate. The man had a higher status than the woman. The remnants of such relations are preserved in the Tatar villages even now.

All Tatar families are deeply patriarchal. Everything that the father says is carried out unquestioningly. Children revere their mother, but the wife has little say in the matter. Boys are brought up in permissiveness, as they are the successors of the family. Girls from childhood are taught decency, modesty, submission to a man. Young girls know how to run the household, help their mothers around the house.
Marriages were arranged by agreement between the parents. The young people were not asked for their consent. The groom's relatives were required to pay a ransom. Most of the wedding ceremonies and the feast took place without the presence of the bride and groom; numerous relatives took part in them. The girl got to her husband only after paying the bride price. If the groom arranged the kidnapping of the bride, then the family was exempted from the ransom.

dwelling

Tatar tribes located their settlements along the banks of rivers, near major roads. Villages were built chaotically, without an orderly layout. The villages were characterized by winding streets, sometimes leading to a dead end. From the side of the street they put a blank fence, outbuildings were made in the yard, placing them in a bunch or in the form of the letter P. The board, the mosque, and the shops were in the center of the settlement.

Tatar houses were log buildings. Sometimes the dwelling was made of stone, less often it was adobe. The roof was covered with straw, shingles, boards. The house had two or three rooms, including a vestibule. Wealthy families could afford two- and three-story dwellings. Inside the house was divided into female and male halves. In the houses they made stoves, like Russian ones. They were located next to the entrance. Inside, the dwelling was decorated with embroidered towels and tablecloths. Outside, the walls were painted with ornaments and trimmed with carvings.

clothing

Tatar folk costume formed under the influence of Asian culture. Some elements were borrowed from the Caucasian peoples. The outfits of different ethnic groups are slightly different. The basis of a men's suit is made up of such elements as:

1. Long shirt (kulmek).
2. Harem pants.
3. Long sleeveless.
4. Wide belt.
5. Skullcap.
6. Ichigi.

The tunic was decorated at the top and bottom national ornament, it was girdled with a wide long piece of matter with a fringe at the ends. In addition to the shirt, loose trousers were worn. A sleeveless jacket was worn over the set, the shelves of which were supplied with embroidery. Sometimes they wore a long robe (almost to the floor) made of cotton material. The head was covered with a skullcap, which was generously decorated with national ornaments. Some ethnic groups wore fezzes - Turkish headdresses. In cold weather, they wore a beshmet - a caftan of a narrow cut, knee-length. In winter, they wore sheepskin coats and fur hats. Ichigi served as shoes. These are light, comfortable boots made of soft leather without a heel. Ichigi was decorated with colored leather inserts and ornaments.

The outfits of Tatar girls are very colorful and feminine. Initially, the girls wore a suit similar to a man's: a long (floor-length) tunic and wide trousers. Flounces were sewn to the lower edge of the tunic. The upper part was embroidered with patterns. In modern outfits, the tunic has been transformed into a long dress with a narrow bodice and flared hem. The dress highlights well. female figure giving it curvaceous shape. Over it is worn a waistcoat of medium length or waist length. It is richly decorated with embroidery. The head is covered with a cap like a fez, a turban or a kalfak.

Traditions

Tatars are a nation with a dynamic temperament. They are very active and love dancing and music. There are many holidays and customs in Tatar culture. They celebrate almost all Muslim holidays, and they also have ancient rituals associated with natural phenomena. The main holidays are:

1. Sabantuy.
2. Nardugan.
3. Novruz.
4. Eid al-Adha.
5. Eid al Adha.
6. Ramadan.

Ramadan is a sacred holiday of spiritual purification. It is named after the month of the Tatar calendar, the ninth in a row. The whole month is a strict fast, in addition, you need to pray earnestly. This helps a person to cleanse himself of dirty thoughts, to become closer to God. This strengthens faith in Allah. Eid al-Fitr is celebrated on the occasion of the end of the fast. On this day, you can eat everything that Muslims cannot afford in fasting. The holiday is celebrated by the whole family, with the invitation of relatives. In the countryside, festivities are held with dances, songs, fairs.

Eid al-Adha - the feast of sacrifice, is celebrated 70 days after Eid al-Adha. it main holiday Muslims around the world and the most beloved. On this day, sacrifices are made to please Allah. The legend says that the Almighty asked the prophet Ibrahim to sacrifice his son as a test. Ibrahim decided to fulfill the desire of Allah by showing the steadfastness of his faith. Therefore, God left his son alive, commanding to slaughter a lamb instead of him. On this day, Muslims must sacrifice a sheep, ram or goat, keep some of the meat for themselves, and distribute the rest to those in need.

Very significant for the Tatars is Sabantuy - the holiday of the plow. This is the end of spring field work. It is dedicated to labor, harvest, healthy lifestyle life. Sabantuy is celebrated cheerfully, on a grand scale. On this day, festivities, dances begin, sport competitions. Competitions of singers and dancers are held. It is customary to invite guests, serve treats. Porridge, colored eggs, buns are put on the table.

Nardugan is ancient pagan holiday winter solstice. It is celebrated at the end of December. Translated from the Mongolian name of the holiday means "birth of the sun." There is a belief that with the beginning of the solstice, the forces of darkness lose their power. Young people dress up in costumes, masks and walk around the yards. On the day of the spring equinox (March 21), Novruz is celebrated - the arrival of spring. According to the astronomical solar calendar, New Year. Daylight overtakes night, the sun turns to summer.
Another interesting custom is that Tatars do not eat pork. This is explained by the laws of Islam. The bottom line is that Allah knows what benefits his creatures, that is, people. He forbids the eating of pig meat, as it is considered unclean. This locked is reflected in the Koran - a sacred book for Muslims.

Names

Tatars call children beautiful, sonorous names that have deep meaning. popular male names are:

• Karim - generous;
• Camille - perfect;
• Anwar - radiant;
• Arslan - lion;
• Dinar is precious.

Girls are called names that reveal natural qualities, symbolizing beauty, wisdom. Common female names:

• Venus is a star;
• Gulnara - decorated with flowers;
• Kamaliya - perfect;
• Lucia - light;
• Ramilya - miraculous;
• Firyuza - radiant.

Food

The peoples of Asia, Siberia, and the Urals had a great influence on Tatar cuisine. The inclusion of their national dishes (pilaf, dumplings, baklava, chak-chak) diversified the diet of the Tatars, made it more diverse. Tatar cuisine is rich in meat, vegetables, and spices. It has a lot of various pastries, confectionery, nuts, dried fruits. In the Middle Ages, horse meat was widely used, later they began to add the meat of chickens, turkeys, geese. Favorite meat dish Tatars have lamb. A lot of fermented milk products: cottage cheese, ayran, sour cream. Dumplings and dumplings 1 are quite common food on the Tatar table. Dumplings are eaten with broth. Popular dishes of Tatar cuisine:

1. Shurpa is a fatty, thick lamb-based soup.
2. Balish is a baked pie made from unleavened dough stuffed with meat and potatoes, rice or millet. This is the most ancient dish, it is served on festive table.
3. Tutyrma - homemade sausage from an intestine stuffed with minced meat with rice.
4. Beshbarmak - stew with homemade noodles. It is traditionally eaten with the hands, hence the name "five fingers".
5. Baklava is a treat that came from the East. It is a puff pastry cookie with nuts in syrup.
6. Chak-chak is a sweet product made from dough with honey.
7. Gubadia is a closed pie with a sweet filling, which is distributed in layers. It includes rice, dried fruits, cottage cheese.

Potatoes are often used as a side dish. There are snacks from beets, carrots, tomatoes, sweet peppers. Turnip, pumpkin, cabbage are used as food. Porridges are frequent dishes. For everyday food, millet, buckwheat, peas, and rice are boiled. There are always a lot of sweets from unleavened and rich dough on the Tatar table. These include: baursak, chelpek, katlama, kosh-tele. Honey is often added to sweet dishes.

Popular drinks include:

• ayran - a fermented milk product based on kefir;
• kvass from rye flour;
• sherbet - a soft drink made from rose hips, licorice, roses with the addition of honey, spices;
• herbal teas.

Tatar cuisine is characterized by stewing, boiling, baking in the oven. Food is not fried, sometimes boiled meat is fried a little in the oven.

Famous people

Among the Tatar people there are many talented people famous all over the world. These are athletes, figures of science and culture, writers, actors. Here is some of them:

1. Chulpan Khamatova is an actress.
2. Marat Basharov is an actor.
3. Rudolf Nureyev - ballet dancer.
4. Musa Jalil - famous poet, Hero Soviet Union.
5. Zakir Rameev is a classic of Tatar literature.
6. Alsou is a singer.
7. Azat Abbasov - Opera singer.
8. Gata Kamsky - grandmaster, US chess champion in 1991, one of the 20 strongest chess players in the world.
9. Zinetula Bilyaletdinov - Olympic champion, multiple world and European champion as part of the hockey team, coach of the Russian national hockey team.
10. Albina Akhatova is a five-time biathlon world champion.

Character

The Tatar nation is very hospitable and friendly. Guest - important person in the house, he is treated with great respect, asked to share a meal with them. Representatives of this people have a cheerful, optimistic character, do not like to lose heart. They are very sociable and talkative.

Men are characterized by perseverance, purposefulness. They are distinguished by diligence, they are used to achieving success. Tatar women are very friendly and helpful. They are brought up as a model of morality, decency. They are attached to their children, trying to give them the best.

Modern Tatar women follow fashion, look very well-groomed, attractive. They are educated, with them there is always something to talk about. Representatives of this people leave a good impression of themselves.

APPEARANCE OF TATARS. HOW TO DIFFERENTIATE THE TATARS. FACE FEATURES Each nation has its own distinctive features, which allow almost without error to determine the nationality of a person. It is worth noting that the Asian peoples are very similar to each other, since all are descendants of the Mongoloid race. How can you define a Tatar? What is the difference between the appearance of the Tatars?

Uniqueness Without a doubt, each person is unique, regardless of nationality. And yet there are certain common features that unite representatives of a race or nationality. Tatars are usually attributed to the so-called Altai family. This is a Turkish group. The ancestors of the Tatars were known as farmers. Unlike other representatives of the Mongoloid race, the Tatars do not have pronounced facial features. The appearance of the Tatars and the changes that are now manifesting in them are largely caused by assimilation with the Slavic peoples. Indeed, among the Tatars, fair-haired, sometimes even red-haired representatives are sometimes found. This, for example, cannot be said about Uzbeks, Mongols or Tajiks. Do the eyes of the Tatars have features? They do not necessarily have a narrow slit in the eyes and dark skin. Are there any common features of the appearance of the Tatars?

Description of the Tatars: a bit of history Tatars are among the most ancient and populous ethnic groups. In the Middle Ages, mention of them excited everyone around: in the east from the shores of the Pacific Ocean and to the Atlantic coast. A variety of scientists included references to this people in their writings. The mood of these notes was clearly polar: some wrote with rapture and admiration, while other scientists showed fear. But one thing united everyone - no one remained indifferent. It is quite obvious that it was the Tatars who had a huge impact on the course of development of Eurasia. They managed to create a distinctive civilization that influenced a variety of cultures.

In the history of the Tatar people there were both ups and downs. Periods of peace gave way to cruel times of bloodshed. The ancestors of modern Tatars took part in the creation of several strong states at once. Despite all the vicissitudes of fate, they managed to preserve both their people and their identity. Ethnic groups Thanks to the works of anthropologists, it became known that the ancestors of the Tatars were not only representatives of the Mongoloid race, but also Europeans. It was this factor that led to the diversity in appearance. Moreover, the Tatars themselves are usually divided into groups: Crimean, Ural, Volga-Siberian, South Kama. The Volga-Siberian Tatars, whose facial features have the greatest signs of the Mongoloid race, are distinguished by the following features: dark hair, pronounced cheekbones, brown eyes, a wide nose, a fold over the upper eyelid. Representatives of this type are few. The face of the Volga Tatars is oblong, the cheekbones are not too pronounced. The eyes are large and gray (or brown). Hump ​​nose, oriental type. The physique is correct. In general, the men of this group are quite tall and hardy. Their skin is not dark. Such is the appearance of the Tatars from the Volga region.

Kazan Tatars: appearance and customs The appearance of the Kazan Tatars is described as follows: a strongly built strong man. From the Mongols, a wide oval of the face and a somewhat narrowed slit of the eyes are noticeable. The neck is short and strong. Men rarely wear a thick beard. Such features are explained by the fusion of Tatar blood with various Finnish peoples. The marriage ceremony is not like a religious act. From religiosity - only reading the first chapter of the Koran and a special prayer. After marriage, a young girl does not immediately move to her husband's house: she will live with her family for another year. It is curious that her newly-made husband comes to her as a guest. Tatar girls are ready to wait for their lover. Only a few have two wives. And in those cases when this happens, there are reasons: for example, when the first one has already grown old, and the second - younger - now runs the household. The most common are Tatars of the European type - owners of blond hair and bright eyes. The nose is narrow, aquiline or aquiline. Growth is not high - women are about 165 cm. Features Some features were noticed in the character of a Tatar man: diligence, cleanliness and hospitality border on stubbornness, pride and indifference. Respect for elders is what distinguishes the Tatars. It was noted that representatives of this people tend to be guided by reason, adapt to the situation, and are law-abiding. In general, the synthesis of all these qualities, especially diligence and perseverance, makes a Tatar man very purposeful. Such people are able to achieve success in their careers. The work is brought to the end, they have a habit of achieving their goal. A purebred Tatar seeks to acquire new knowledge, showing enviable perseverance and responsibility. Crimean Tatars have a special indifference and calmness in stressful situations. Tatars are very curious and talkative, but during work they are stubbornly silent, apparently so as not to lose concentration.

One of the characteristic features is self-esteem. It manifests itself in the fact that the Tatar considers himself special. As a result, there is a certain arrogance and even arrogance. Cleanliness distinguishes Tatars. In their homes, they do not tolerate disorder and dirt. Moreover, this does not depend on financial capabilities - both rich and poor Tatars zealously monitor cleanliness. My home is your home Tatars are very hospitable people. We are ready to host a person, regardless of his status, faith or nationality. Even with a modest income, they show cordial hospitality, ready to share a modest meal with a guest. Tatar women stand out with great curiosity. They are attracted by beautiful clothes, they watch people of other nationalities with interest, they follow fashion. Tatar women are very attached to their home, they devote themselves to raising children. Tatar women What an amazing creature - a Tatar woman! In her heart lies an immeasurable, deepest love for her loved ones, for her children. Its purpose is to bring peace to people, to serve as a model of peacefulness and morality. A Tatar woman is distinguished by a sense of harmony and special musicality. She radiates a certain spirituality and nobility of the soul. The inner world of a Tatar woman is full of riches!

Tatar girls from a young age are aimed at a strong, lasting marriage. After all, they want to love their husband and raise future children behind solid walls of reliability and trust. No wonder the Tatar proverb says: “A woman without a husband is like a horse without a bridle!” Her husband's word is law for her. Although witty Tatars complement - for any law, however, there is also an amendment! And yet these are devoted women who sacredly honor traditions and customs. However, do not expect to see a Tatar woman in a black veil - this is a stylish lady who has a sense of dignity. The appearance of the Tatars is very well-groomed. Fashionistas in the wardrobe can see stylized things that emphasize her national identity. Here, for example, there are shoes that imitate chitek - national leather boots worn by Tatar girls. Another example is applications, where patterns convey the stunning beauty of the earth's flora. And what's on the table? A Tatar woman is a wonderful hostess, loving, hospitable. By the way, a little about the kitchen. The national cuisine of the Tatars is quite predictable in that the main dishes are often based on dough and fat. Even a lot of dough, a lot of fat! Of course, this is far from the healthiest food, although guests are usually offered exotic dishes: kazylyk (or dried horse meat), gubadiya (a layer cake with a wide variety of fillings, from cottage cheese to meat), talkysh-kaleva (an incredibly high-calorie dessert flour, butter and honey). You can drink all this rich treat with ayran (a mixture of katyk and water) or traditional tea.