The first half of the 19th century is a bright page in the culture of Russia. All directions - literature, architecture, painting of this era are marked by a whole constellation of names that brought world fame to Russian art.
Culture developed against the background of the ever-increasing national self-consciousness of the Russian people and, in this regard, had a pronounced national character. The Patriotic War of 1812 had a significant impact on literature, theatre, music, and fine arts, which accelerated the growth of the national self-consciousness of the Russian people and its consolidation to an unprecedented degree.

Classicism

At the very beginning of the 19th century, classicism played a significant role in Russian painting.
One of famous works beginning of the century at historical theme- a painting by Dmitry Ivanovich Ivanov (1782 - after 1810) "Marfa Posadnitsa", written in 1808. The artist turns to history ancient Russia, the period of the struggle of the Novgorod principality with the growing Moscow principality.
The painting depicts Miroslav, who is preparing to lead the Novgorodians to fight against Moscow, and accepts the sword of Ratmir from the hermit Theodosius Boretsky. Miroslava was brought to the hermit by the daughter of Theodosius, Martha, who heads the Novgorod opposition. Both the nature of the plot and the artistic language paintings.

Romanticism

He brought novelty of views to Russian art Romanticism is a European trend that took shape at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries. The development of romanticism in Russian painting is connected with the fashion for ruins, Freemasonic sacraments, chivalric romances and romances.
In Russia, romanticism acquired its own peculiarity: at the beginning of the century, it had a heroic coloring, and during the years of the Nikolaev reaction, a tragic one. At the same time, romanticism in Russia has always been a form of artistic thinking, close in spirit to revolutionary and freedom-loving moods.

Portraits of Orest Kiprensky

Romanticism manifested itself most clearly in portrait art. A romantic portrait affirms the unique individuality of a person's spiritual world; it is distinguished by immediacy of expression, accuracy and sharpness of physiognomic characteristics, lively emotionality.
The most significant portrait painter of the first third of XIX in. was Orest Adamovich Kiprensky (1782-1836). Already in 1804, he created one of his most interesting works - a portrait of his stepfather - Adam Schwalbe.
In the work of Kiprensky, a peculiar type was formed chamber portrait, with a penetrating depth revealing the spiritual life of a person. Most of the heroes of Kiprensky are carriers of the highest kindness, high moral, humanistic principles.

Alexey Gavrilovich Venetsianov

Alexey Gavrilovich Venetsianov (1780-1847), a favorite student of Borovikovsky, was a remarkable painter, the creator of a peculiar national-romantic trend in Russian painting. Venetsianov created a unique style, combining in his works the traditions of the capital's academicism, Russian romanticism early XIX in. and idealization peasant life. He became the ancestor of the Russian household genre.

Alexander Osipovich Orlovsky

Another famous representative of Russian painting at the beginning of the century is Alexander Osipovich Orlovsky (1777-1832). In the work of Orlovsky, as well as Kiprensky, romantic tendencies were clearly expressed. The artist was interested in the free, strong people, national characteristics various nationalities. In his paintings, Orlovsky sometimes depicted characteristic, poignant scenes. The artist's favorite romantic image is a man on a horse. Riders and equestrian scenes in an emotional landscape are present in many of his works of art.

Vasily Andreevich Tropinin

The famous Russian portrait painter Vasily Andreevich Tropinin (1776-1857) continued his creative activity more than half a century, most of his life while remaining a serf. Best years The artist's work coincided in time with the heyday of Kiprensky's talent. Both artists were close in their desire for simplicity and ease of the image of a person. However, Tropinin's characters are more everyday and simpler, which indicates that the artist followed the new trends characteristic of that time towards the democratization of art.
Until the age of 47 he was in bondage. Therefore, probably, so fresh, so spiritualized on his canvases of the face ordinary people. And the youth and charm of his "Lacemaker" are endless.

One of the most famous and realistic portraits A.S. Pushkin, is a portrait painted by V. Tropinin in 1827.
The poet's clothes are very symbolic: the artist depicted him in a loose dressing gown thrown over a white shirt with a turned up collar. A silk scarf and slightly disheveled hair complete the look. True Russian Byron in a dressing gown! It is not for nothing that Tropinin chose this particular outfit for the image of Pushkin: like no other, it accurately conveys the main character traits of the poet, his love of freedom and freethinking.
The portrait shows not Pushkin the poet, but Pushkin the man. His whole posture speaks of his irrepressible energy, it may seem that in a moment, he will get up and leave.
The artist was able to masterfully convey the spirituality and rich inner world of Alexander Sergeevich through the portrait, thanks to which the resulting image evokes admiration and love of the audience.

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov (1799-1852) was one of the brightest, and at the same time controversial artist in Russian painting of the 19th century. Bryullov had a bright talent and an independent way of thinking. Despite the trends of the times (the influence of romanticism), the artist could not completely get rid of the classic canons. Perhaps that is why his work was highly valued by the far from advanced St. Petersburg Academy of Arts: in his youth he was her student, and later became an honored professor.

The artistic and ideological searches of Russian social thought, the expectation of changes, were reflected in the picture of K.P. Bryullov "The Last Day of Pompeii".
In 1830, Bryullov visited the excavations of the ancient city of Pompeii. He walked along the ancient pavements, admired the frescoes, and that tragic night of August 79 AD rose in his imagination. e., when the city was covered with red-hot ash and pumice of awakened Vesuvius. Three years later, the painting "The Last Day of Pompeii" made a triumphant journey from Italy to Russia.

Alexander Andreevich Ivanov

In the first half of the XIX century. the artist Alexander Andreyevich Ivanov (1806-1858) lived and worked. He devoted his entire creative life to the idea of ​​the spiritual awakening of the people, embodying it in the painting “The Appearance of Christ to the People”. For more than 20 years he worked on this picture, in which he put all the power and brightness of his talent. In the foreground of his grandiose canvas, the courageous figure of John the Baptist catches the eye, pointing the people to the approaching Christ. His figure is given in the distance. He has not yet come, he is coming, he will definitely come, says the artist. And the faces and souls of those who are waiting for the Savior brighten, cleanse. In this picture, he showed, as I. E. Repin later said, "an oppressed people, thirsting for the word of freedom."

Pavel Andreevich Fedotov

The name of Pavel Andreevich Fedotov (1815-1852) is associated with an important stage in the formation of Russian realistic painting of the 19th century. Fedotov possessed keen powers of observation, sensitively perceived the shortcomings of the social system. Possessing the talent of a satirist, the artist for the first time in Russian painting gave the everyday genre a social, critical expression. In his paintings, the painter showed the life of the townspeople: among the characters of his works were merchants, officers, officials, and the poor. Fedotov attached great importance to the observations of the life around him, made a lot of sketches from life. Often the actions of his paintings are built on a conflict, where the social characteristics of people are given.
At the heart of the script for the painting "Major's Matchmaking" is an ordinary marriage of convenience between the daughter of a wealthy merchant and a ruined nobleman major. At that time, such transactions were business as usual: some sought to get money, while others sought titles in society, and the family simply needed to survive, bankruptcy was an inevitable collapse.

In 1848, his painting "The Fresh Cavalier" was presented at an academic exhibition. The painting depicts an official who was presented the day before with his first award - an order - and now in his dreams he is already ascending the career ladder to the very top, presenting himself either as a mayor or as a governor.
It was a daring mockery not only of stupid, self-satisfied bureaucracy, but also of academic traditions. The dirty robe, which the main character of the picture put on, very much resembled an antique toga. Bryullov stood in front of the canvas for a long time, and then said to the author half in jest half seriously: “Congratulations, you have defeated me.”

Despite the diversity of creative individuals and the difference in specific artistic tasks, the general trend in Russian painting in the first half of the 19th century was to bring all genres of art closer to life. This trend is reflected in the appeal of most artists to contemporary subjects and issues, in attention to inner world person, to the experiences of the artist himself. That is why acquaintance with the work of the masters of the first half of the 19th century evokes in the viewer a vivid sense of the era, gives an idea of ​​the thoughts and feelings of Russian society.

Artists of the 19th century At the beginning of the 19th century in painting there was a rejection of biblical and mythological subjects, admiration for the classical heritage of Greece and Rome. There is a growing interest of artists in the personality of a person, his mental states, in the life of not only gods and kings, but also ordinary people.

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov He also acts as a master of a secular portrait, turning a natural motif into an example of heavenly idyllic harmony. Samoilova Yu. P.

Orest Adamovich Kiprensky KIPRENSKY Orest Adamovich March 24, 1782, in the Leningrad region October 17, 1836, Rome, Russian artist. An outstanding master of Russian fine art of romanticism, who received particular fame as a wonderful portrait painter. "Self-portrait with brushes behind the ear" (fragment, near, Tretyakov Gallery).

Orest Adamovich Kiprensky A. S. Pushkin. Portrait by O. A. Kiprensky (1827, Tretyakov Gallery). This portrait is the most famous of all the depictions of Pushkin. It was first exhibited at the exhibition of the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts in September 1827. "You created again, dear wizard, Me, the pet of pure Muses - And I laugh at the grave, Gone forever from mortal bonds ..." - the poet wrote to the artist.

Orest Adamovich Kiprensky Portrait of D. N. Tail year. Tretyakov Gallery. Moscow. "Portrait of Life Hussars Colonel Evgraf Davydov"

Vasily Andreevich Tropinin Tropinin Vasily Andreevich, Russian artist. One of the founders of romanticism in Russian painting. Born into a family of serfs. He was first a serf of Count A. S. Minich, then I. I. Morkov. He studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts, where he became close to O. A. Kiprensky and A. G. Varnek (the latter also later became a prominent master of Russian romanticism).

Vasily Andreevich Tropinin "Portrait of an unknown man in a dressing gown with a pipe." This painting is unusual in its style; it stands out among the everyday portraits painted by the artist in the 1930s. The sharp side light reveals the expressive features of the person being portrayed and gives the image a certain romanticism, characteristic of Tropinin's earlier works.

Vasily Andreevich Tropinin V. A. Tropinin. "Lacemaker" year. Tretyakov Gallery.

Alexey Gavrilovich Venetsianov VENETSIANOV Alexey Gavrilovich, Russian artist. Best Master rural everyday genre in the Russian fine art of romanticism, teacher-reformer. Coming from a merchant family, in his youth he served as a petty official. Formed as an artist largely independently, copying the paintings of the Hermitage. Between 1807 and 1811 he took painting lessons from VL Borovikovsky.

Alexey Gavrilovich Venetsianov "Shepherd with a pipe" 1820s "Shepherd"

Alexei Gavrilovich Venetsianov "On the arable land. Spring" s. Tretyakov Gallery.

Vasily Grigorievich Perov PEROV Vasily Grigorievich, Russian painter, one of the organizers of the Association of the Wanderers. The author of genre paintings ("Rural Procession at Easter", 1861), imbued with sympathy for the people ("Seeing the Dead", 1865, "Troika", 1866), psychological portraits ("A. N. Ostrovsky", 1871; "F. M. Dostoevsky, 1872). Illegitimate son of Baron G. K. Kridener; the surname "Perov" arose as a nickname given to the future artist by his literacy teacher, a provincial deacon. He studied at the Arzamas School of Painting () and at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture (), in particular with S. K. Zaryanko. Lived and worked in Moscow, and in Paris (pensioner of the Academy of Arts). He was particularly influenced by P. A. Fedotov, as well as magazine satirical graphics and the German everyday genre of the Düsseldorf school. He was one of the founding members of the Association of Travelers art exhibitions.

Vasily Grigorievich Perov "Rural religious procession for Easter" Tretyakov Gallery. Early works imbued with the "accusatory" mood characteristic of the Russian realistic school.

Vasily Grigorievich Perov V. G. Perov. "The last tavern at the outpost" year. Tretyakov Gallery.

Vasily Grigoryevich Perov Perov's coloring acquired a new, sharper, tonal expressiveness in the painting "Seeing the Dead" (1865).

Vasily Grigoryevich Perov Perov also made a great contribution to the art of portraiture. He created images of a series famous figures culture. "Portrait of A. N. Ostrovsky" year. Tretyakov Gallery.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy KRAMSKOY Ivan Nikolaevich, Russian artist, critic and art theorist. One of the most significant masters of Russian realism of the 19th century. Born into a poor bourgeois family. Kramskoy's early career developed "multi-profile" typical for an intellectual raznochinets: he was a copyist-clerk, an apprentice with an icon painter, and worked as a retoucher for a traveling photographer. He studied at the Academy of Arts (). Lived and worked in St. Petersburg. The portraits of figures of Russian culture (“L. N. Tolstoy”, 1873; “Nekrasov”) and peasants (“Polesovshchik”, 1874) are remarkable in terms of the depth of their social and psychological characteristics. Thematic canvases are devoted to philosophical and ethical problems (“Christ in the Wilderness”, 1872), the disclosure of complex mental movements("Inconsolable grief", 1884).

Ivan Nikolayevich Kramskoy "Christ in the Desert" (1872, Tretyakov Gallery). “Then [after Baptism] Jesus was led up by the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted by the devil, and after fasting forty days and forty nights, he finally became hungry. And the tempter came to Him and said: If You are the Son of God, say that these stones become bread. And he answered and said to him: It is written, Man shall not live by bread alone, but by every word that proceeds from the mouth of God” (Matthew 4:1-4).

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy "Unknown" Tretyakov Gallery.

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy "Portrait of Leo Tolstoy" year. Tretyakov Gallery. Kramskoy showed himself first of all as a wonderful portrait painter. Starting with a self-portrait in 1867, he affirms the ideals of a proud, morally strong personality.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov SURIKOV Vasily Ivanovich, Russian artist. The best master of Russian historical picture, which combined the realism of the 19th century. with bright pictorial innovation. Born into the family of a clerk. The Surikov family belonged to an old Cossack family; the future master was accustomed from childhood to perceive the surrounding Siberian life with its picturesque archaism and the legends of antiquity as a living history. In studies at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts under P. P. Chistyakov. Lived in St. Petersburg, and since 1877 in Moscow. He was a member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions and the Union of Russian Artists. Constantly ran into Siberia, visited the Don (1893), the Volga (), in the Crimea (1913). In the years he visited France, Italy and a number of other European countries.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov In the monumental canvases dedicated to turning points, tense conflicts of Russian history, the main character showed the masses, rich bright personalities full of strong feelings. Deep understanding of contradictions historical process Surikov’s works (“Morning of the Streltsy Execution”, 1881; “Menshikov in Berezov”, 1883; “Boyar Morozova”, 1887; “The Conquest of Siberia by Ermak”, 1895) are distinguished by the breadth and polyphony of the composition, brightness and richness of color. Portraits, watercolors.
Vasily Ivanovich Surikov Head of the noblewoman Frosty year. Study for the painting "Boyar Morozova". Tretyakov Gallery.

Vasily Ivanovich Surikov "Menshikov in Berezov" Tretyakov Gallery.

Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi Arkhip Ivanovich [January 1841, the town of Karasu near Mariupol 11 (24) July 1910, St. Petersburg], Russian landscape painter. The son of a shoemaker, a Greek by nationality. He studied painting on his own, in 1868 he studied at the St. Petersburg Academy of Arts. In 1878 he received the title of "class artist of the first degree" for the paintings "On the Island of Valaam", "Chumatsky tract in Mariupol", "Ukrainian Night" and "Steppe".

Isaac Ilyich Levitan LEVITAN Isaac Ilyich, Russian artist. The largest master of the Russian landscape of the late 19th century, who laid the principles of symbolism and modernity in this genre. The son of a railroad employee. In the early 1900s Levitan's family moved to Moscow. The future master studied at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture, where V. D. Polenov and A. K. Savrasov had the greatest influence on him. P. P. Trubetskoy. Isaac Ilyich Levitan. Bronze year. Tretyakov Gallery.

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Great foreign artists

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Foreign artists

Lorenzetti Ambrogio
(1319-1348)
Country: Italy

The paintings of Lorenzetti harmoniously combined the traditions of Sienese painting with its lyricism and the generalization of forms and the perspectiveness of spatial construction characteristic of Giotto's art. Although the artist uses religious and allegorical subjects, the features of contemporary life clearly appear in the paintings. The conditional landscape, characteristic of the paintings of the 14th century masters, is replaced by Lorenzetti with recognizable Tuscan landscapes. Very realistic, he writes vineyards, fields, lakes, sea harbors, surrounded by impregnable rocks.

Eik Wang
Country: Netherlands

The homeland of the Van Eyck brothers is the city of Maaseik. Little information has been preserved about the elder brother Hubert. It is known that it was he who began work on the famous Ghent altar in the church of St. Bavo in Ghent. Probably, the compositional design of the altar belonged to him. Judging by the preserved archaic parts of the altar - "Lamb Worship", figures of God the Father, Mary and John the Baptist, - Hubert can be called a master of transition. His work was much closer to the traditions of late Gothic (abstract-mystical interpretation of the theme, conventionality in the transfer of space, little expressed interest in the image of a person).

Foreign artists

Albrecht Dürer
(1471-1528)
Country: Germany

Albrecht Dürer, the great German artist, the largest representative of the Renaissance culture in Germany. Born in Nuremberg in the family of a goldsmith, a native of Hungary. Initially, he studied with his father, then with the Nuremberg painter M. Wohlgemut (1486-89). During the years of study and during the years of wanderings in southern Germany (1490-94), during a trip to Venice (1494-95) he absorbed the heritage of the 15th century, but nature became his main teacher.

Bosch Jerome
(1450-1516)
Country: Germany

Hieronymus Bosch, the great Dutch painter. Born in Herzogenbosch. His grandfather, grandfather's brother and all five uncles were artists. In 1478, Bosch married a wealthy patrician Aleid van Merwerme, whose family belonged to the highest aristocracy. There were no children from this marriage, and he was not particularly happy. Nevertheless, he brought the artist material well-being, and, not yet becoming famous enough, Bosch could afford to write the way he wanted.

Botticelli Sandro
(1445-1510)
Country: Italy

Real name - Alessandro da Mariano di Vanni di Amedeo Filipepi, the great Italian painter of the Renaissance. Born in Florence in the family of a tanner. Initially, he was sent to study with a certain Botticelli, a goldsmith, from whom Alessandro Filipepi got his last name. But the desire for painting forced him in 1459-65 to study with the famous Florentine artist Fra Philippe Lippi. Early works of Botticelli ( Adoration of the Magi, Judith and Holofernes and especially madonnas - Corsini Madonna, Madonna with a Rose, Madonna with Two Angels) were written under the influence of the latter.

Verrocchio Andrea
(1435-1488)
Country: Italy

Real name - Andrea di Michele di Francesco Choni, an outstanding Italian sculptor. Born in Florence. He was a famous sculptor, painter, draftsman, architect, jeweler, and musician. In each genre, he established himself as a master innovator, not repeating what his predecessors did.

Carpaccio Vittore
(c. 1455/1465 - c. 1526)
Country: Italy

Carpaccio Vittore (c. 1455 / 1465 - c. 1526) - Italian painter. Born in Venice. He studied under Gentile Bellini, was strongly influenced by Giovanni Bellini and partly by Giorgione. Watching events closely modern life, this artist knew how to saturate his religious compositions with a lively narrative and many genre details. In fact, he created an encyclopedia of the life and customs of Venice in the 15th century. They say about Carpaccio that this master is "still at home, in Venice." And even the very idea of ​​Venice is inseparably linked with the memory of the greenish, as if visible through the sea water, pictures of the brilliant draftsman and colorist.

Leonardo da Vinci
(1452 - 1519)
Country: Italy

One of the greatest Italian artists Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci was also an outstanding scientist, thinker and engineer. All his life he observed and studied nature - the heavenly bodies and the laws of their movement, the mountains and the secrets of their origin, water and winds, the light of the sun and the life of plants. As part of nature, Leonardo also considered a person whose body is subject to physical laws and at the same time serves as a “mirror of the soul”. He showed his inquisitive, active, restless love for nature in everything. It was she who helped him discover the laws of nature, put her forces at the service of man, it was she who made Leonardo the greatest artist, with equal attention capturing a blossoming flower, an expressive gesture of a person and a foggy haze that envelops distant mountains.

Michelangelo Buonarroti
(1475 - 1564)
Country: Italy

“A man has not yet been born who, like me, would be so inclined to love people,” the great Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet Michelangelo wrote about himself. He created brilliant, titanic works and dreamed of creating even more significant ones. One day, when the artist was working on marble developments in Carrara, he decided to carve a statue from a whole mountain.

Rafael Santi
(1483 - 1520)
Country: Italy

Raphael Santi, great Italian painter of the era High Renaissance and architect. Born in Urbino in the family of J. Santi - court painter and poet of the Duke of Urbino. He received his first painting lessons from his father. When he died, Rafael moved to T. Viti's studio. In 1500 he moved to Perugio and entered the workshop of Perugino, first as a student, and then as an assistant. Learned here best features style of the Umbrian school of Painting: the desire for an expressive interpretation of the plot and the nobility of forms. Soon he brought his skill to the point that it became impossible to distinguish a copy from the original.

Titian Vecellio
(1488- 1576)
Country: Italy

Born in Pieve di Cadoro - a small town on the border of the Venetian possessions in the Alps. He came from the Vecelli family, very influential in the town. During the war between Venice and Emperor Maximilian, the artist's father rendered great services to the Republic of St. Mark.

Foreign artists

Rubens Peter Paul
(1577 - 1640)
Country: Germany

Rubens Peter Paul, the great Flemish painter. "King of painters and painter of kings" was called the contemporaries of the Fleming Rubens. In one of the most beautiful corners of Antwerp, Rubens Hughes is still located - the artist's house, built according to his own design, and a workshop. About three thousand paintings and many wonderful drawings came out of here.

Goyen Jan Wang
(1596-1656)
Country: Holland

Goyen Jan van is a Dutch painter. Passion for painting manifested itself very early. At the age of ten, Goyen began to study drawing with the Leiden artists I. Swanenburg and K. Schilperort. The father wanted his son to become a glass painter, but Goyen himself dreamed of being a landscape painter, and he was assigned to study with the mediocre landscape painter Willem Gerrits in the city of Goorn.

Segers Hercules
(1589/1590 - c. 1638)
Country: Holland

Seghers Hercules is a Dutch landscape painter and graphic artist. He studied in Amsterdam with G. van Coninxloo. From 1612 to 1629 he lived in Amsterdam, where he was accepted into the guild of artists. Visited Flanders (c. 1629-1630). From 1631 he lived and worked in Utrecht, and from 1633 - in The Hague.

Frans Hals
(c. 1580-1666)
Country: Holland

The decisive role in addition national art at an early stage in the development of the Dutch art school, the work of Frans Hals, its first great master, played. He was almost exclusively a portrait painter, but his art meant a lot not only to portrait painting Holland, but also to form other genres. In the work of Hals, three types of portrait compositions can be distinguished: a group portrait, a commissioned individual portrait, and a special type of portrait images, similar in nature to genre painting, cultivated by him mainly in the 20s and early 30s.

Velasquez Diego de Silva
(1559-1660)
Country: Spain

Born in Seville, one of the largest art centers in Spain at the end of the 16th - beginning of the 17th century. The artist's father came from a Portuguese family who moved to Andalusia. He wanted his son to become a lawyer or a writer, but did not prevent Velazquez from painting. His first teacher was Fr. Herrera the Elder, and then - F. Pacheco. Pacheco's daughter became Velazquez's wife. In the workshop of Pacheco Velasquez was engaged in painting heads from life. At the age of seventeen, Velasquez received the title of master. The career of a young painter developed successfully.

Country: Spain

El Greco
(1541-1614)
Country: Spain

El Greco, real name - Domenico Theotokopuli, the great Spanish painter. Born into a poor but enlightened family in Candia, Crete. Crete at that time was a possession of Venice. He studied, in all likelihood, with local icon painters, who still preserved the traditions of the medieval Byzantine art. Around 1566 he moved to Venice, where he entered the workshop of Titian.

Caravaggio Michelangelo Merisi
(1573-1610)
Country: Italy

Caravaggio Michelangelo Merisi, an outstanding Italian painter. The name of Caravaggio is associated with the emergence and flourishing of the realistic trend in Italian painting late 16th - early 17th centuries. The work of this remarkable master played a huge role in artistic life not only in Italy, but also in other European countries. The art of Caravaggio attracts us with great artistic expressiveness, deep truthfulness and humanism.

Carracci
Country: Italy

Carracci, a family of Italian painters from Bologna in the early 17th century, the founders of academism in European painting. At the turn of the 16th - 17th centuries in Italy, as a reaction to mannerism, an academic trend in painting took shape. Its main principles were laid down by the Carracci brothers - Lodovico (1555-1619), Agostino (1557-1602) and Annibale (1560-1609).

Brueghel Peter the Elder
(between 1525 and 1530-1569)
Country: Netherlands

Anyone who has read the wonderful novel by Charles de Coster, The Legend of Thiel Ulenspiegel, knows that the whole people participated in the Dutch revolution, in the struggle against the Spaniards for their independence, a cruel and merciless struggle. Just like Ulenspiegel, the largest Dutch artist, draftsman and engraver, one of the founders of realistic Dutch and Flemish art Pieter Brueghel the Elder.

Van Dyck Anthony
(1599- 1641)
Country: Netherlands

Van Dyck Anthony, an outstanding Flemish painter. Born in Antwerp in the family of a wealthy businessman. Initially studied with the Antwerp painter Hendrick van Balen. In 1618 he entered the workshop of Rubens. He began his work by copying his paintings. And soon became the main assistant to Rubens in the performance of large orders. He received the title of master of the Guild of St. Luke in Antwerp (1618).

Poussin Nicolas
(1594-1665)
Country: France

Nicolas Poussin (1594-1665), an outstanding French painter, a leading representative of classicism. Born in the village of Andely in Normandy in the family of a small landowner. Initially, he studied in his homeland with a little-known, but rather talented and competent wandering artist K. Varen. In 1612 Poussin went to Paris, and there J. Aalleman became his teacher. In Paris, he became friends with the Italian poet Marine.

XVII (17th century)

Foreign artists

Cape Albert Gerrits
(1620-1691)
Country: Holland

Cape Albert Gerrits was a Dutch painter and etcher.

He studied with his father, the artist J. Keip. His artistic style was influenced by the painting of J. van Goyen and S. van Ruysdael. Worked in Dordrecht. The early works of Cuyp, close to the paintings of J. van Goyen, are monochrome. He paints hilly landscapes, country roads running into the distance, poor peasant huts. The paintings are most often made in a single yellowish tone.

Ruisdael Jacob van
(1628/1629-1682)
Country: Holland

Ruisdal Jacob van (1628/1629-1682) - Dutch landscape painter, draftsman, etcher. He probably studied with his uncle, the painter Salomon van Ruysdael. Visited Germany (1640-1650s). He lived and worked in Haarlem, in 1648 he became a member of the painters' guild. From 1656 he lived in Amsterdam, in 1676 he received the degree of doctor of medicine in the Treasury and entered the list of Amsterdam doctors.

Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn
(1606-1669)
Country: Holland

Born in Leiden to a miller's family. The father's affairs during this period were going well, and he was able to give his son a better education than other children. Rembrandt entered the Latin school. He studied poorly and wanted to paint. Nevertheless, he finished school and entered Leiden University. A year later, he began taking painting lessons. His first teacher was J. van Swanenburg. After staying in his studio for more than three years, Rembrandt went to Amsterdam to the historical painter P. Lastman. He had a strong influence on Rembrandt and taught him the art of engraving. Six months later (1623) Rembrandt returned to Leiden and opened his own workshop.

Terborch Gerard
(1617-1681)
Country: Holland

Terborch Gerard (1617-1681), famous Dutch painter. Born in Zwolle in a wealthy burgher family. His father, brother and sister were artists. Terborch's first teachers were his father and Hendrik Averkamp. His father made him copy a lot. He created his first work at the age of nine. At the age of fifteen, Terborch went to Amsterdam, then to Haarlem, where he came under the strong influence of Fr. Khalsa. Already at that time he was famous as a master of the everyday genre, he most willingly painted scenes from the life of the military - the so-called "guardrooms".

Canalletto (Canale) Giovanni Antonio
(1697-1768)
Country: Italy

Canaletto's first teacher was his father, theater decorator B. Canale, whom he helped design performances in theaters in Venice. He worked in Rome (1717-1720, early 1740s), Venice (since 1723), London (1746-1750, 1751-1756), where he performed works that formed the basis of his work. He painted veduts - urban landscapes, depicted streets, buildings, canals, boats sliding on the sea waves.

Manyasco Alessandro
(1667-1749)
Country: Italy

Alessandro Magnasco (1667-1749) was an Italian painter, genre and landscape painter. He studied with his father, the artist S. Magnasco, then with the Milanese painter F. Abbiati. His style was formed under the influence of the masters of the Genoese school of painting, S. Rosa and J. Callo. Lived and worked in Milan, Florence, Genoa.

Watteau Antoine
(1684-1721)
Country: France

Watteau Antoine, an outstanding French painter, whose work is associated with one of the significant stages in the development of everyday painting in France. The fate of Watteau is unusual. Neither in France nor in neighboring countries was there in the years when he wrote his best things, not a single artist capable of competing with him. Titans XVII century did not live to see the era of Watteau; those who, following him, glorified the eighteenth century, became known to the world only after his death. In fact, Fragonard, Quentin de La Tour, Perronneau, Chardin, David in France, Tiepolo and Longhi in Italy, Hogarth, Reynolds, Gainsborough in England, Goya in Spain - all this is the middle, or even the end of the 18th century.

Lorrain Claude
(1600-1682)
Country: France

Lorrain Claude (1600-1682) - French painter. In early age worked in Rome as a servant for A. Tassi, then became his student. The artist began to receive large orders in the 1630s, his customers were Pope Urban VIII and Cardinal Bentivoglio. Since that time, Lorrain has become popular in Roman and French art connoisseurs.

XVIII (18th century)

Foreign artists

Gainsborough Thomas
(1727- 1788)
Country: England

Gainsborough Thomas, an outstanding English painter, creator of the national type of portrait. Born in Sudbury, Suffolk, the son of a cloth merchant. The picturesque surroundings of the town, located on the River Stour, attracted Gainsborough from childhood, endlessly depicting them in his children's sketches. The boy's passion for drawing was so great that his father, without hesitation for a long time, sent his thirteen-year-old son to study in London, which at that time had already become the center of artistic life.

Turner Joseph Mallord William
(1775-1851)
Country: England

Turner Joseph Mallord William - English landscape painter, painter, draftsman and engraver. He took painting lessons from T. Molton (c. 1789), in 1789-1793. studied at the Royal Academy in London. In 1802 Turner was an academician, and in 1809 a professor in the academic classes. The artist traveled extensively in England and Wales, visited France and Switzerland (1802), Holland, Belgium and Germany (1817), Italy (1819, 1828). His artistic style was formed under the influence of K. Lorrain, R. Wilson and Dutch marine painters.

Jan Vermeer of Delft
(1632-1675)
Country: Holland

Jan Vermeer of Delft is a great Dutch artist. There is almost no information about the artist. Born in Delft in the family of a burgher who owned a hotel. He was also engaged in the production of silk and traded in paintings. Perhaps that is why the boy became interested in painting early. Master Karel Fabricius became his mentor. Vermeer soon married Katherine Bolney, the daughter of a wealthy burgher, and already in 1653 he was admitted to the guild of St. Luke.

Goya y Lucientes Francisco Hosse
(1746-1828)
Country: Spain

One day, little Francisco, the son of a poor altar gilder from a village near the Spanish city of Zaragoza, painted a pig on the wall of his house. A stranger passing by saw a genuine talent in a child's drawing and advised the boy to study. This legend about Goya is similar to those that are told about other masters of the Renaissance, when the true facts of their biography are unknown.

Guardi Francesco Lazzaro
(1712-1793)
Country: Italy

Guardi Francesco Lazzaro - Italian painter and draftsman, representative of the Venetian school of painting. Studied with his older brother, an artist Giovanni Antonio, in whose workshop he worked with younger brother Niccolo. He painted landscapes, paintings of religious and mythological themes, historical compositions. He worked on the creation of decorative decorations for the interiors of the Manin and Fenice theaters in Venice (1780-1790).

Vernet Claude Joseph
(1714-1789)
Country: France

Vernet Claude Joseph - french artist. He studied first with his father A. Vernet, then with L. R. Viali in Aix and B. Fergioni, from 1731 - in Avignon with F. Sovan, and later in Italy with Manglar, Pannini and Locatelli. In 1734-1753. worked in Rome. In the Roman period, he devoted a lot of time to work from nature in Tivoli, Naples, on the banks of the Tiber. He painted landscapes and sea views (“Seashore near Anzio”, 1743; “View of the bridge and castle of St. Angelo”, “Ponte Rotto in Rome”, 1745 - both in the Louvre, Paris; “Waterfall in Tivoli”, 1747; “Morning in Castellammare", 1747, Hermitage, St. Petersburg; "Villa Pamphili", 1749, Pushkin Museum, Moscow; "Italian harbor", "Sea coast with rocks", 1751; "Rocks near the sea", 1753 - all in the Hermitage, St. Petersburg). These works amaze with their virtuosity in the transmission of the light and air environment and lighting, reliability and fine observation.

Vernet Horace
(1789-1863)
Country: France

Vernet Horace is a French painter and graphic artist. Studied under his father, Carl Vernet. Writing in the heyday of the art of romanticism, the artist uses in his works the means inherent in the romantics. He is interested in a person in the power of natural elements, in extreme situations. Vernet depicts warriors fighting fiercely in battles, hurricanes and shipwrecks (“Battle at Sea”, 1825, Hermitage, St. Petersburg).

Delacroix Eugene
(1798 - 186)
Country: France

Born in Charenton in the family of the prefect. He received an excellent education. He studied painting first at the School of Fine Arts in Paris, then at the workshop of P. Guerin (1816-22), whose cold skill had less influence on him than the passionate art of the romantic T. Gericault, with whom he became close at the School. A decisive role in the formation of the pictorial style of Delacroix was played by copying the works of old masters, especially Rubens, Veronese and D. Velasquez. In 1822 he made his debut in Talon with a painting "Rook Dante"(“Dante and Virgil”) based on the plot from the first song of “Hell” (“The Divine Comedy”).

Gericault Theodore
(1791-1824)
Country: France

Born in Rouen in a wealthy family. He studied in Paris at the Imperial Lyceum (1806-1808). His teachers were K. J. Berne and P.N. Guerin. But they did not influence the formation of his artistic style - in the painting of Gericault, the tendencies of the art of A. J. Gros and J. L. David are traced. The artist visited the Louvre, where he made copies of the works of old masters, especially admired his painting by Rubens.

The Art Vedia Art Gallery is a biography of contemporary artists. Buy, sell contemporary paintings by artists from different countries.

Hiroshige Ando
(1797-1858)
Country: Japan

Born in Edo (now Tokyo) in the family of a petty samurai Ando Genemon. His father was the foreman of the city fire department, and the life of the family was quite secure. Thanks to early education, he quickly learned to understand the properties of paper, brush and ink. The general level of education of that time was quite high. Theaters, prints, ikeba-fa were part of everyday life.

Hokusai Katsushika
(1760-1849)
Country: Japan

Hokusai Katsushika is a Japanese painter and draftsman, master of color woodcuts, writer and poet. Studied with engraver Nakayama Tetsuson. He was influenced by the artist Shunsho, in whose workshop he worked. He painted landscapes in which the life of nature, its beauty are closely connected with the life and activities of man. In search of new experiences, Hokusai traveled a lot around the country, making sketches of everything he saw. The artist sought to reflect in his work the problem of the relationship between man and the nature around him. His art is permeated with the pathos of the beauty of the world and the awareness of the spiritualized principle introduced by man into everything he comes into contact with.

Foreign artists

Bonington Richard Parkes
(1802-1828)
Country: England

Bonington Richard Parkes is an English painter and graphic artist. From 1817 he lived in France. He studied painting in Calais with L. Francia, from 1820 he attended the School of Fine Arts in Paris, where A. J. Gros was his teacher. From 1822 he began to exhibit his paintings in the Paris Salons, and from 1827 he took part in exhibitions of the Society of Artists of Great Britain and the Royal Academy of Arts in London.

Ensor James
(1860-1949)
Country: Belgium

Ensor James (1860-1949) Belgian painter and graphic artist. The artist was born and raised in the port city of Ostend, where he spent almost his entire life. The image of this seaside town, with its narrow streets inhabited by fishermen and sailors, with its annual Shrove Tuesday carnivals and the unique atmosphere of the sea, often appears in many of his paintings.

Van Gogh Vincent
(1853- 1890)
Country: Holland

Van Gogh Vincent, the great Dutch painter, a representative of post-impressionism. Born in the Brabant village of Groot Zundert in the family of a pastor. From the age of sixteen he worked for the Painting Company, and then as a teacher's assistant in a private school in England. In 1878 he got a job as a preacher in a mining area in southern Belgium.

Anker Mikael
(1849-1927)
Country: Denmark

Anker Mikael is a Danish artist. He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Copenhagen (1871-1875), as well as in the workshop of the Danish artist P. Kreyer. Later in Paris he studied in the studio of Puvis de Cha-vannes, but this period was not reflected in his work. Together with his wife Anna, he worked in Skagen, in small fishing villages. In his works, the sea is inextricably linked with the images of Jutland fishermen. The artist depicts people in the moments of their hard and dangerous work.

Modigliani Amedeo
(1884-1920)
Country: Italy

How subtly and elegantly Anna Akhmatova spoke about Amedeo Modigliani! Still - she was a poet! Amedeo was lucky: they met in 1911 in Paris, fell in love with each other, and these feelings became the property of the art world, expressed in his drawings and her poems.

Eakins Thomas
(1844-1916)
Country: USA

He studied at the Academy of Fine Arts in Philadelphia (Pennsylvania) and at the School of Fine Arts in Paris (1866-1869). The formation of his artistic style was greatly influenced by the work of the old Spanish masters, which he studied in Madrid. Since 1870, the painter lived in his homeland, in Philadelphia, where he was engaged in teaching activities. Already in his first independent works, Eakins showed himself as a realist (Max Schmitt in a Boat, 1871, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York; On a Sailboat, 1874; Sailing Boats on the Delaware, 1874).

Kent Rockwell
(1882-1971)
Country: USA

Kent Rockwell is an American landscape painter, draftsman, graphic artist, and writer. Studied with a representative of the plein air school of artist William Merritt Chase in Shinnecock on Long Island, then with Robert Henry at the School of Art in New York, where he also attended the classes of Kenneth Miller.

Homer Winslow
(1836-1910)
Country: USA

Homer Winslow is an American painter and draftsman. He did not receive a systematic education, having mastered only the craft of a lithographer in his youth. In 1859-1861. attended the evening drawing school at the National Academy of Arts in New York. From 1857 he made drawings for magazines, in civil war(1861-1865) collaborated on the illustrated weekly Harper's Weekly, for which he made realistic drawings of battle scenes, distinguished by expressive and strict forms. In 1865 he became a member of the National Academy of Arts.

Bonnard Pierre
(1867-1947)
Country: France

Bonnard Pierre - French painter, draftsman, lithographer. Born in the vicinity of Paris. In his youth, he studied law while drawing and painting at the École des Beaux-Arts and at the Académie Julian. He was fond of Japanese engraving. Together with the artists E. Vuillard, M. Denis, P. Serusier, they formed the core of a group that called itself "Nabi" - from the Hebrew word "prophet". The members of the group were supporters of symbolism less complex and literary than the symbolism of Gauguin and his followers.

Marriage Georges
(1882-1963)
Country: France

Marriage Georges - French painter, engraver, sculptor. In 1897-1899. studied at the École des Beaux-Arts in Le Havre, then at the Academy of Amber and at the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris (1902-1903). His early work marked by the influence of the Fauvists, especially A. Derain and A. Matisse. It was during this period that the artist most often turns to the landscape genre: he paints harbors, sea bays with boats, and coastal buildings.

Gauguin Paul
(1848-1903)
Country: France

Gauguin Paul (1848-1903), an outstanding French painter. representative of impressionism. Born in Paris. His father was an employee of the Nacional newspaper of a moderate republican persuasion. A change in political course forced him to leave his homeland in 1849. On a ship bound for South America he suddenly died. Gauguin spent the first four years of his life in Lima (Peru) with his mother's relatives. At the age of 17-23, he served as a sailor, stoker, helmsman in the merchant and navy, sailed to Rio de Janeiro and other distant cities.

Degas Edgar
(1834-1917)
Country: France

Edgar Degas was a contradictory and strange person at first glance. Born in the family of a banker in Paris. The offspring of an aristocratic family (his real name was de Ha), he abandoned the noble prefix from his youth. He showed interest in drawing as a child. Received a good education. In 1853 he passed the bachelor's degree examinations and began to study jurisprudence. But already at that time he studied with the painter Barrias, then with Louis Lamothe. Like Édouard Manet, he was being groomed for a brilliant career, but he dropped out of law school for the School of Fine Arts.

Deren Andre
(1880-1954)
Country: France

Derain Andre - French painter, book illustrator, engraver, sculptor, one of the founders of Fauvism. He began painting in Shatu in 1895, his teacher was a local artist. In 1898-1900. studied in Paris at the Career Academy, where he met A. Matisse, J. Puy and A. Marquet. Very soon, Deren left the academy and began to study on his own.

Daubigny Charles Francois
(1817-1878)
Country: France

Daubigny Charles Francois - French landscape painter, graphic artist, representative of the Barbizon school. He studied with his father, the artist E. F. Daubigny, then with P. Delaroche. Influenced by Rembrandt. In the Louvre, he copied the paintings of the Dutch masters, his works by J. Ruisdal and Hobbema were especially attractive. In 1835-1836. Daubigny visited Italy, and in 1866 went to Holland, Great Britain and Spain. But these trips were practically not reflected in the artist's work, almost all of his works are devoted to French landscapes.

Dufy Raoul
(1877-1953)
Country: France

Dufy Raoul - French painter and graphic artist. He studied in Le Havre, in the evening classes of the Municipal Art School, where he taught Luye (1892-1897). Here Dufy met O. J. Braque and O. Friesz. During this period, he painted portraits of his family members, as well as landscapes similar to those of E. Boudin.

Isabey Louis Gabriel Jean
(1803-1886)
Country: France

Isabey Louis Gabriel Jean (1803-1886) - French romantic painter, watercolorist, lithographer. He studied with his father, miniaturist J.-B. Isabah. He was influenced by the painting of the English marine painters and the Lesser Dutch of the 17th century. Worked in Paris. In search of new experiences, Isabey visited Normandy, Auvergne, Brittany, Southern France, Holland, England, and accompanied an expedition to Algeria as an artist.

Courbet Gustave
(1819-1877)
Country: France

Courbet Gustave is an outstanding French painter, a wonderful master of a realistic portrait. "... never belonged to any school, to any church ... to any regime, but only to the regime of freedom."

Manet Edouard
(1832-1883)
Country: France

Edouard MANET (1832-1883), an outstanding French artist who rethought the traditions of narrative realistic painting. “Brevity in art is both a necessity and an elegance. A person who expresses himself briefly makes you think; a verbose person gets bored.

Marche Albert
(1875-1947)
Country: France

Marquet Albert (1875-1947) - French painter and graphic artist. In 1890-1895. studied in Paris at the School decorative arts, and from 1895 to 1898 - at the School of Fine Arts in the workshop of G. Moreau. He painted portraits, interiors, still lifes, landscapes, among which are views of the sea, images of harbors and ports. In the landscapes created by the artist in the late 1890s - early 1900s. noticeably strong influence of the Impressionists, in particular A. Sisley ("Trees in Billancourt", ca. 1898, Musée des Arts, Bordeaux).

Monet Claude
(1840-1926)
Country: France

Monet Claude, French painter, founder of impressionism. "What I write is a moment." Born in Paris in the family of a grocer. He spent his childhood in Le Havre. In Le Havre, he began to make cartoons, selling them in a stationery shop. E. Boudin drew attention to them and gave Monet the first lessons in plein air painting. In 1859, Monet entered the Paris School of Fine Arts, and then at the Gleyer atelier. After a two-year stay in Algeria in military service (1860-61), he returned to Le Havre and met Jonkind. The landscapes of Ionkind, full of light and air, made a deep impression on him.

Pierre Auguste Renoir
(1841-1919)
Country: France

Pierre Auguste Renoir was born into the family of a poor tailor with many children, and from early childhood he learned to "live in clover" even when there was no piece of bread in the house. At the age of thirteen, he already mastered the craft - he painted cups and saucers at a porcelain factory. The paint-stained work blouse was on him even when he came to the School of Fine Arts. In Gleyre's atelier, he picked up empty paint tubes thrown by other students. Squeezing them to the last drop, he purred something carelessly cheerful under his breath.

Redon Odilon
(1840-1916)
Country: France

Redon Odilon - French painter, draftsman and decorator. In Paris, he studied architecture, but did not complete the course. For some time he attended the School of Sculpture in Bordeaux, then studied in Paris in the studio of Jerome. As a painter, he was formed under the influence of the art of Leonardo da Vinci, J. F. Corot, E. Delacroix and F. Goya. The botanist Armand Claveau played an important role in his life. Having a rich library, he introduced the young artist to the works of Baudelaire, Flaubert, Poe, as well as to Indian poetry and German philosophy. Together with Clavo Redon studied the world of plants and microorganisms, which was later reflected in his engravings.

Cezanne Paul
(1839-1906)
Country: France

Until now, one of the participants in the first exhibition on the Boulevard des Capucines, the most silent of the visitors to the Gerbois cafe, Paul Cezanne, has remained in the shadows. It is time to get closer to his paintings. Let's start with self-portraits. Let's take a closer look at the face of this high-cheeked bearded man, who looks like a peasant (when he is wearing a cap) or a sage scribe (when his steep, powerful forehead is visible). Cezanne was both one and the other, combining the peasant's stubborn industriousness with the probing mind of a research scientist.

Toulouse Lautrec Henri Marie Raymond de
(1864-1901)
Country: France

Toulouse Lautrec Henri Marie Raymond de, an outstanding French artist. Born in Albi in the south of France in a family that belonged to the largest aristocratic family, who once led the crusades. He showed talent as an artist since childhood. However, he took up painting after falling from a horse (at the age of fourteen), as a result of which he became disabled. Soon after his father introduced him to Prensto, Henri began to constantly come to the studio on the Rue Faubourg Saint-Honoré. For hours he could watch the artist draw or paint.

Foreign artists

Dali Salvador
(1904-1989)
Country: Spain

Dali Salvador, the great Spanish artist, the largest representative of surrealism. Born in Figueres (Catalonia) in the family of a famous lawyer. At the age of sixteen, Dali was sent to a Catholic college in Figueres. The Pichot family had a huge influence on the formation of his personality. All family members owned musical instruments, organized concerts. Ramon Pichot is a painter who worked in Paris and knew P. Picasso closely. In the house of Pichotov, Dali was engaged in drawing. In 1918, his first exhibition took place in Fegueras, favorably noted by critics.

Kalninsh Eduardas
(1904-1988)
Country: Latvia

Kalninsh Eduardas - Latvian marine painter. Born in Riga in the family of a simple craftsman, he began to draw early. The first teacher of Kalnins was the artist Yevgeny Moshkevich, who opened in Tomsk, where the boy's family moved at the beginning of the First World War, a studio for novice painters. After 1920 Kalniņš returned to Riga with his parents and in 1922 entered the Latvian Academy of Arts. Vilhelme Purvitis, a student of AI Kuindzhi, became his teacher.

Painter

V. G. Perov

Painter Vasily Grigorievich Perov is a prominent representative of Russian critical realism in fine arts of the 19th century. He was born in December 1833 in the city of Tobolsk in the family of the prosecutor G. K. Kridener. His parents got married after his birth, so he did not bear his father's surname. Perov was called in childhood by a literacy teacher, this nickname became his last name.

In 1846-1849 V. G. Perov studied at the Arzamas school painting under the direction of A. V. Stupin. The most significant work of this period was painting"Crucifixion". In 1853 he entered the Moscow School painting, sculpture and architecture. V. G. Perov's mentors in Moscow were painters M. I. Scotty, A. N. Mokritsky and S. K. Zaryanko. The future famous painter I. M. Pryanishnikov. The graphic works of P. A. Fedotov and the English artist W. Hogarth.
During the years of apprenticeship, V. G. Perov paid much attention to social issues. Its main characters paintings become ordinary people, the main plots - usual life. His early work imbued with satire, the desire to show the surrounding reality in a real light. For the artist it works well, paintings are very popular at exhibitions. In 1858, the painting "Arrival of the Officer for the Investigation" was awarded a large silver medal. Per paintings“The son of a sexton, promoted to the first rank” and “Scene on the grave”, written in 1860, V. G. Perov received a small gold medal, for "Sermon in the countryside", written in 1861 - a large gold medal and the right to an internship abroad.

Vasily Grigorievich Perov is known, first of all, as one of the outstanding artists 19th century, but few people know that his talent manifested itself in the field of literature. In 1875, the newspaper "Pchela" published several of his stories about the life of artists. The memoirs of V. G. Perov formed the basis of the works. In 1881-1882, N. Alexandrov's Art Journal published another cycle of stories by the famous artist. In May 1882 painter V. G. Perov died of consumption.

Painting V. G. Perova is diverse in terms of genre: these are portraits, and religious scenes, and historical plots. Undoubtedly, the main achievement of V. G. Perov was paintings socio-critical orientation, in which painter depicted the life of ordinary people, their ignorance and illusions.

Painter

I. I. Shishkin

Unsurpassed master of landscape, founding member of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions, painter Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born on January 13 (25), 1832 in Yelabuga. From childhood, the boy showed interest in nature, the history of his native land, read a lot, and began to draw very early. father of the future artist not only did not limit his son's hobbies, but contributed to the development of his talents. In 1852, I. I. Shishkin was enrolled in the Moscow School painting and sculptures. Academician Apollon Mokritsky became his teacher and mentor.

In the difficult 1990s, when older generation artists experienced a creative crisis, and the young were in search of new ways of development painting, I. I. Shishkin continued to follow the path chosen many years ago. The main theme of his work was the beauty of Russian nature. In 1898 he wrote his penultimate picture- "Ship Grove". This monumental painting became the crown of all the work of Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin, an unsurpassed master of landscape. In March 1898 artist did not. He died while working on another monumental painting"Forest Kingdom"

Painter

V. M. Vasnetsov

Creation artist Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov occupies a special place in Russian painting 19th century. Writing inspiration paintings he drew from folk poetry, Russian fairy tales and epics, from the everyday life of the common people. Thanks to this, all paintings very poetic and congenial to the Russian people. V. M. Vasnetsov was born in 1848 in the Vyatka village of Lopyal in the family of a priest. Very early, he developed an interest in folk culture and, at the same time, to painting. By family tradition, the boy was supposed to become a priest, but the love of art made V. M. Vasnetsov make a different choice.

In the early 1900s in painting V. M. Vasnetsov, religious themes appear, but he also does not forget about fairy tales. In 1910 he writes picture"Bayan", in 1913-1918 - "The Fight of Dobrynya Nikitich with the Serpent Gorynych", in 1918 he finishes "The Frog Princess", "The Sleeping Princess", in the late 10s - early 20s of the 20th century he writes "Kashchei the Immortal "And" Princess Nesmeyana ". V. M. Vasnetsov worked hard until the very last day of his life, creating poetic images of everyone's favorite fairy-tale characters. After the revolutions of 1905 and 1917, allegorical features, reflections appear in these images. artist about the socio-political situation in Russia, but this does not detract from artistic virtues paintings. V. M. Vasnetsov was faithful to the principles of poetic reflection of the world until the end of his life, and tried to convey its beauty by all available means.

Painter
I. N. Kramskoy

Painter and founder of the Association of Travelers artistic exhibitions ”Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy was born on May 27 (June 8), 1837 in Ostrogozhsk (Voronezh province) into a poor bourgeois family. From childhood, he aspired to be artist. In 1852 he entered as an apprentice to an icon painter, from the next year he began working as a retoucher in a photo workshop. I. N. Kramskoy arrived in St. Petersburg in 1857, worked in the photo studio of A. I. Denier. In the autumn of 1857 he entered the Academy arts.

The portraits painted by I. N. Kramskoy in the 80s are full of deep psychologism, they reflect the innermost essence of a person. He was most successful in portraying the characters of I. I. Shishkin, V. G. Perov, A. S. Suvorin, S. S. Botkin, V. S. Solovyov in the portrait. In the 80s, I. N. Kramskoy became a very popular portrait painter, he had many customers, including members of the imperial family. He worked 10-12 hours a day, and this, of course, had a bad effect on his health. Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy died on March 24 (April 5), 1887 in St. Petersburg, before reaching the age of fifty.
I. N. Kramskoy did a lot for the development of Russian painting second half of the 19th century. He was talented artist, who defended high moral principles in art, a wonderful portrait painter who created a whole gallery famous figures Russian culture and art of the second half of the 19th century. In addition, he had remarkable organizational skills, which allowed him to become the founder of the Artel artists"And the ideologist of the "Association of the Wanderers".

Painter

Aivazovsky

Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky (Ayvazyan) was born on July 17 (30), 1817 in Feodosia. The ancient city, destroyed by the recent war, fell into complete decline due to the plague in 1812. In ancient drawings, we see piles of ruins on the site of a once rich city with barely visible traces of deserted streets and individual surviving houses.

Finally, in 1898 painter Aivazovsky wrote picture"Among the waves", which was the pinnacle of his work. Until the last day, he happily retained not only an unblunted vigilance of the eye, but also a deep faith in his art. He went his way without the slightest hesitation and doubt, retaining the clarity of feelings and thinking until old age. Aivazovsky's work was deeply patriotic. His merits in art were noted all over the world. He was elected a member of five Academies arts, and his admiralty uniform was strewn with honorary orders from many countries. Aivazovsky died on April 19 (May 2), 1900, eighty-two years old.

Painter
V.E. Borisov-Musatov

Victor Elpidiforovich Borisov-Musatov - the creator of original elegies in painting Victor Elpidiforovich Borisov-Musatov was born on April 14, 1870 in Saratov in the family of a railway employee.

In Tarusa painter Borisov-Musatov also creates his last work - a large watercolor "Requiem" (1905, State Tretyakov Gallery), dedicated to the memory untimely deceased friend, N. Yu. Stanyukovich - wife famous writer. "Requiem" sounds sad and solemn, symbolically conveying joys and sorrows human life. By the will of fate, it was a requiem for the author himself. On the night of October 26, 1905 painter Borisov-Musatov died. He is buried in Tarusa on a high bank, above the Oka.

Painter

L.A. Bruni

Pedigree of Lev Bruni reads as breathtaking historical novel. His last name is Italian. Genus artists Bruni has been known in Northern Italy and Switzerland since the sixteenth century Renaissance. On the maternal side - also solid painters. Lev Bruni himself in childhood was sure: “All people - painters».

famous academic painter was the great-grandfather of Lev Alexandrovich on the paternal side, Bruni Fedor Antonovich. His painting“The Copper Serpent” is once the second most popular domestic historical painting (the first place, of course, belonged to “The Last Day of Pompeii”). On the maternal side - also solid painters. The brilliant watercolorist Pyotr Fedorovich Sokolov, another great-grandfather, was posed by Nicholas I himself with his family ...

Nothing happens in his works, or rather, the most important thing happens: the trees bend under the weight of the first wet snow, the roofs just washed by the rain shine, sunlight permeates the forest thicket... Everything is one, beautifully animated and fragile. This fragility and transience just needs to be captured. And painter responds to this silent demand.

He works continuously, life and art for him are confused, intertwined. Creativity itself high standard becomes part of it everyday life; that must be why he treated his already completed works and their future fate. When, in the mid-1930s, a prominent art critic A. Chegodaev decided to select several of his works for an exhibition. Lev Alexandrovich pulled a shabby suitcase out from under the sofa. It was filled to the brim with watercolors - rumpled, with the edges folded in order to put the sheets in a suitcase, then gnawed by someone - as it turned out, a dog. One leaf was eaten by about a third. Shocked by what he saw, the art critic turned to the restorers.

Now this rescued watercolor is one of the best works of Bruni among those, unfortunately, the few that are stored in Tretyakov Gallery. The pink frog froze between thin blades of grass. It is possible to speculate with lengthy thought that in visual arts the analogue of sound is a gesture, movement, and space is always a container of mysterious silence, and that in this work of Lev Aleksandrovich it is the space of the sheet, turning into the space of the world, that has such a decisive significance. But it's probably better to just stop in the middle of the addictive hustle and bustle of life to look and see. And with a sharpness that is usually available only to children, yes artists, experience surprise and delight before every drop of this world.

Painter
V.V.Vereshchagin

Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin - the great Russian painter, master of battle paintings. Born on October 14 (26), 1842 in Cherepovets, in a family belonging to an old noble family.

Returning to Russia, Vereshchagin conceived a new cycle paintings, now from national history, under the general name “1812. Napoleon in Russia. It was created during the years 1887 - 1904 and was supposed to represent a monumental epic dedicated to the people's war. AT picture"Don't block, let me come" shows a partisan ambush in a dense snow-covered forest. In the work “On the High Road. Retreat. Flight” presents the defeated army of Napoleon. A handful of exhausted, frozen Frenchmen and snow-covered guns contrast with the grandeur of Russian nature.

However, material and creative difficulties did not allow artist to complete the idea. Left unwritten paintings depicting Kutuzov and the heroism of the Russian army. the last series paintings by the artist was dedicated to the Spanish-American War of 1898-99 in the Philippine Islands and Cuba. All his life, Vereshchagin devoted himself to the noble goal of a truthful depiction of the war, its denunciation. Painter- the warrior died at a combat post at the beginning of the Russo-Japanese War, on the battleship Petropavlovsk, blown up by the Japanese.

Painter
M. N. Vorobyov

Vorobyov Maxim Nikiforovich (1787 - 1855) - painter, landscape painter, master of the urban landscape. Occupies significant place in history Russian painting how painter and as a mentor to a whole generation of Russian landscape painters. Son of the Academy watchman arts, Vorobyov at the age of ten entered the academy as a pupil and provided great success in drawing, perspective, architecture (Professor Thomas de Thomon) and landscape painting; his mentors in the latter were F.Ya. Alekseev and, probably, M.M. Ivanov (landscape painter). Genus painting, elected young artist or, rather, assigned to him by the academic authorities, was architectural and landscape.

His most original artistic an attempt, however, more daring than successful, this is a "Thunderstorm" (a lightning strike into a tree) with a human figure hiding from a terrible phenomenon, an optical task almost impossible for painting. Technique paintings Vorobieva is full of knowledge, thought out and finished, but for all that she is free. Vorobyov's artistic nature showed itself even in his music lessons: he was an excellent violinist. Financially, Vorobyov was most importantly supported by the orders of the Sovereign and other high-ranking persons, a life-long pension for the successful fulfillment of the Palestinian order; in addition, he painted pictures for Count A.Kh. Benkendorf, Prince M.S. Vorontsov, and he often made, at their request, repetitions of some of his best paintings. However, in the end, many of his works were not acquired by anyone, so that artist a whole museum of his paintings was compiled, which went from hand to hand only after his death, being played in a lottery, which did not have much success. Main paintings Vorobyov are in palaces, on the estate of Fall of Count Benckendorff and in a few private collections. The Hermitage houses the Calvary Chapel. At present, they cannot serve as a guide and model; but at one time Vorobyov taught a lot and many not only landscape painters, but even genre painters and architects.

He, like no one else, could not create talents, so that in the long list of his students there are more workers (for example, the Chernetsov brothers) than talents. Nevertheless, among the latter there are such names as Lebedev, who died untimely, L. Lagorio, and who stopped artistic activities of M.K. Klodt; A.P. Bogolyubov, I.I. Shishkin, at first they were students of Vorobyov, just like the brothers Goravsky and Gine, Dorogov.

Painter
N. N. Ge

Nikolai Nikolaevich Ge - famous Russian painter. Born February 15, 1831 in Voronezh. The Ge family is originally from France, Ge's great-grandfather emigrated to Russia at the end of the eighteenth century and settled in Moscow. Ge's father was a landowner. Nikolai Nikolaevich spent his childhood in the countryside, at the age of 10 he was brought to Kyiv and placed in the First Kyiv Gymnasium, after which he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, first at Kyiv, then at St. Petersburg University. In 1850. Ge dropped out of university and entered the Academy Arts, where he studied under the guidance of P. Basin.

AT last period his artistic activities Ge sought to achieve a different ideal. For the artist, according to him, talent is given in order to awaken and discover in a person what is dear in him, but what is obscured by the vulgarity of life. The main thing in picture- thought, Ge attached the main importance to the plot and the religious and ethical problem that he wanted to clarify. The form became for him something secondary and unnecessary. At one time, under the influence of Tolstoy, he even stopped painting with paints and illustrated Our Father with a pencil. His friendship with Tolstoy illuminated the whole end of his life; they often corresponded, shared their plans, Ge constantly consulted with Tolstoy regarding his work and completely followed the advice of the latter: “ paintings Express a simple, understandable and necessary Christianity for people.”

Painter

M. K. Bashkirtseva

Maria Konstantinovna Bashkirtseva - Russian artist. Born November 11, 1860 near Poltava, in a wealthy noble family. Bashkirtseva spent her first years in the Kharkov region (at that time - the province), on the estate of her mother. In May 1870, the Bashkirtsevs went abroad and, after visiting Austria, Germany and Switzerland, settled in Nice. Here the early youth of the future female artists, who from childhood showed multilateral talent and lively curiosity.

Working on painting"Bench on a suburban Parisian boulevard", artist Bashkirtseva caught a cold, and consumption, which had been slowly developing in her for several years, became aggravated and carried her to the grave. Maria Konstantinovna Bashkirtseva died on October 31, 1884, about 24 years old. After her death, the French Society of Women artists"arranged an exhibition of all the works of Bashkirtseva, where the public could be convinced of the extraordinary diversity and productivity of her talent. Maria Konstantinovna left about 150 paintings, sketches and drawings, and, in addition, several sculptural studies that reveal her great talent in this direction. After this exhibition, the French press unanimously spoke of Bashkirtseva as a first-class talent, as artist, which promised a number of brilliant works. Indeed, many studies female artists point to the extraordinary humanity and depth of her energetic, courageous talent.
Started painting"The Holy Women after the Burial of Christ" as well as possible confirms this opinion by the originality of the plan, which goes against the usual academic template. Best paintings by the artist Bashkirtseva bought by the French government for national museums. "Meeting" and the pastel "Portrait of a Model" are in the Luxembourg Museum. In January 1887, an exhibition was held paintings by the artist Bashkirtseva in Amsterdam - on the initiative and at the expense of the Society of Amsterdam artists. Dutch artistic criticism fully confirmed the reviews of the French press. In the same year, Bashkirtseva's Diary was published by Charpentier. This two-volume edition is an abridgement of the vast manuscript material left artist. The Diary aroused the keen interest of the public and the press, and in a short time went through several editions. In the winter of 1890 Gladstone's article on the Diary appeared in the Nineteenth century, in which the famous statesman calls "Diary" Russian artist one of the most remarkable books of our century. Only separate pages of the Diary were published in Russian in a very small book.

Alexander Andreevich Ivanov - the famous Russian historical painter. Born in St. Petersburg on July 16, 1806, at the age of eleven he entered the Imperial Academy as an "outsider" student arts and brought up in it with support from the encouragement society artists, under the leadership of his father, professor painting A. I. Ivanova.

Serious, thoughtful attitude artist Ivanov to the subject, his complete renunciation of routine, academic views and techniques, his commitment to nature, the search for beauty not external and accidental, but determined by the conformity of the form individual character and the meaning of the persons depicted - all this won the creator of "The Appearance of the Messiah" the ardent sympathy of mostly young artists, was a real revelation to them and had a decisive influence on many of them. However, Alexander Ivanov was not destined to see the fruits of his venerable labor: his exhibition was still going on, and his fate paintings has not yet been decided how he went down to the grave, stricken with cholera, on July 3, 1858. After his death, "The Appearance of the Messiah" was acquired by Emperor Alexander II and granted to the Moscow Public Museum, where it still flaunts. Apart from this paintings, constituting one of the precious monuments Russian painting, extremely curious are the numerous sketches (pen, pencil and watercolor) on the themes of the Old and New Testaments, which I. studied in Rome, breaking away from his main work from time to time. They were published in exact facsimiles by the German Archaeological Institute at the expense of the capital bequeathed to him for this purpose by his brother painter, architect S. Ivanov.

Painter

K. P. Bryullov

Karl Pavlovich Bryullov - famous Russian artist historical, portrait and genre painting. Born in St. Petersburg on December 12, 1799. His distant ancestors were French, but his father is a German with French surname(Brulleau), who was a sculptor-carver and painter miniatures. From an early age, the son showed special abilities for drawing and received his first lessons in this art from his father.

Bryullov wrote not only with oil paints, but was also an excellent watercolorist. Plots of watercolor were genre, however, painter sometimes humiliated to crudely erotic works. The disease forced Bryullov in 1849 to go for treatment to the island of Madera, where he was at the same time as Duke M. Leuchtenberg. Staying on this island restored his strength, but with his arrival in Italy, he again felt ill and died on June 12, 1852 in the town of Marciano, near Rome. He is buried in the Monte Testaccio cemetery in Rome. Bryullov during his lifetime, of course, had the most extensive acquaintances, especially in the society of ministers of art, but he was especially close to the writer N. Kukolnik, composer M. Glinka and actor V. Samoilov. Among the students of Karl Pavlovich, some subsequently gained greater or lesser fame. Fedotov is a satirist genre writer, nothing like his teacher, Petrovsky, who died almost at the beginning of his artistic career, Moller is the author paintings"The Kiss" and "John's Sermon on the Island of Patmos", Mikhailov ("The Girl Puts a Candle in Front of the Image"), Kapkov ("The Widow" and "Tatyana Reading Her Letter to Onegin"), known for the expressiveness of his heads, and Shevchenko. Karl Bryullov, despite the strength of his talent, did not create a school. Bryullov's portrait, painted by himself, was mentioned; in The Last Day of Pompeii, he depicted himself in the background as artist; in Academy arts in St. Petersburg there is a plaster photograph from the bust of Bryullov, the work of I. Vitali

Painter
I. E. Repin

Ilya Efimovich Repin - great Russian painter. Born on July 24 (according to other sources in August), 1844 in Chuguev, now the Kharkov region, died on September 29, 1930 in the village of Repino, Leningrad region. Born in the family of a military settler. Studied in St. Petersburg at the Drawing School of the Society for the Encouragement artists(end of 1863) at R. K. Zhukovsky and I. N. Kramskoy and at the St. Petersburg Academy arts.

After 1917, Repin, who lived in the Penaty estate in Kuokkala (since 1899), ended up abroad. (Kuokkala belonged to Finland until 1940.) Living in Finland, Repin did not break ties with his homeland, he dreamed of returning to the USSR. In "Penates", where he died and was buried, a memorial museum was opened in 1940. memorial museum Repin is also in Chuguev. In 1958, a monument to Repin was opened in Moscow (bronze, granite, sculptor M. G. Manizer, architect I. E. Rozhin). arty Ivan Sokolov and Kachalov, who pointed out against him in the statement for this year. In 1757, he was listed as a landcart master with a salary of 300 rubles. Makhaev studied perspective ypainterValeriani shot many prospectuses under his supervision. Died March 30, 1770.

The works of Makhaev also include 34 views (drawings) of different cities: Novgorod; Bronnitskaya mountain near Novgorod; Tver: "gr. N. Sablin"; Vladimir; Astrakhan; Kokshaysk; Penza; Saransk; Kazan; Zilantiev Monastery; Sviyazhsk; Cheboksary; Simbirsk; Sizran; Verkhoturye; Tapa; Tobolsk; Pelym; Tyumen; Yekaterinburg; Tomsk; Kyakhta; Nevian plant; Krasnoyarsk. Mangazey; Kuznetsk; Irkutsk; Yakutsk; Udinsky prison; Turinsk; Selenginsk; Nerchinsk; Ililik; Yeniseisk.

Painter
I. N. Nikitin

Ivan Nikitich Nikitin - retired Emperor Peter the Great, portrait and historical painter at the court of Peter the Great, Catherine the First and Peter the Second. Born about 1688 in Moscow, died in the spring of 1741. His father, Nikita Dementievich, was a priest in Moscow at the church in the name of St. Demetrius of Thessalonica, at the Tver Gates in the White City.

Nikitin stayed in Siberia until the spring of 1741. Princess Anna Leopoldovna, returning many imprisoned from Siberia, on December 29, 1740, indicated to imagine the case about him, and on April 22, 1741 ordered Nikitin to be released. A decree to this effect was immediately sent to Tobolsk, but did not reach that city until the end of June. Nikitin was released, had to return from exile to his own account. On the way home, he died.

paintings, Fedotov became more and more convinced that he lacked serious preparation in order to convey his ideas to the canvas quickly and freely, that at his age to conquer himself artistic technicians have to work hard, spending a lot of time and using at least some income. On the pension and allowance received, it was hardly possible to have shelter and feed, and meanwhile, one had to buy from them artistic materials, hire in kind and send to Moscow an allowance to relatives who have fallen, with all the care of them artist into complete poverty. It was necessary, putting aside the new compositions for an indefinite period, to earn money by less serious work - writing cheap portraits and copying their previous works.

The page contains the most famous paintings by Russian artists of the 19th century with titles and descriptions

The diverse painting of Russian artists since the beginning of the 19th century attracts with its originality and versatility in the domestic fine arts. The masters of painting of that time did not cease to amaze with their unique approach to the plot and reverent attitude to the feelings of people, to their native nature. In the 19th century, portrait compositions were often painted with an amazing combination of an emotional image and an epicly calm motive.

The paintings of Russian artists are magnificent in craftsmanship and truly beautiful in perception, strikingly accurately reflected the breath of their time, the unique character of the people and their desire for beauty.

The canvases of Russian painters, which are the most popular: Alexander Ivanov is a bright representative of the picturesque biblical direction, telling us in colors about the episodes of the life of Jesus Christ.

Karl Bryullov - a painter popular in his time, his direction history painting, portrait subjects, romantic works.

Marine painter Ivan Aivazovsky, his paintings are magnificent and one might say simply unsurpassedly reflect the beauty of the sea with transparent rolling waves, sea sunsets and sailboats.

Distinctive versatility stands out the work of the famous Ilya Repin, who created genre and monumental works that reflect the life of the people.

Very picturesque and large-scale paintings by the artist Vasily Surikov, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist emphasized the episodes of the life path of the Russian people in colors.

Each artist is unique, for example, unique in his style painter fairy tales and epics Viktor Vasnetsov are always juicy and bright, romantic canvases, the heroes of which are the well-known heroes of folk tales to all of us.

Each artist is unique, for example, the picturesque master of fairy tales and epics Viktor Vasnetsov, unique in his style, is always juicy and bright, romantic canvases, the heroes of which are the well-known heroes of folk tales. Very picturesque and large-scale paintings by the artist Vasily Surikov, the description of Russian history is his direction, in which the artist emphasized the episodes of the life path of the Russian people in colors.

In Russian painting of the 19th century, such a trend as critical realism also appeared, emphasizing ridicule, satire and humor in the plots. Of course, this was a new trend, not every artist could afford it. In this direction, such artists as Pavel Fedotov and Vasily Perov were determined.

Landscape painters of that time also occupied their niche, among them Isaac Levitan, Alexei Savrasov, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vasily Polenov, the young artist Fyodor Vasilyev, the picturesque master of the forest, forest glades with pines and birches with mushrooms Ivan Shishkin. All of them colorfully and romantically reflected the beauty of Russian nature, the variety of forms and images of which is associated with the colossal potential of the surrounding world.

According to Levitan, in every note of Russian nature there is a unique colorful palette, hence there is a huge expanse for creativity. Perhaps this is the riddle that the canvases created in the vast expanses of Russia are distinguished by some exquisite severity, but at the same time, they attract with discreet beauty, from which it is difficult to look away. Or not at all intricate and rather not catchy plot, Levitan's painting Dandelions, as it were, encourages the viewer to think and see the beauty in the simple.