Read Bazhov's works. Bazhov's works for children

Representing a collection of ancient legends that circulated among miners.

P. P. Bazhov

The writer was born in the Urals - in the city of Sysert. His father was a mining foreman. Future writer, journalist, publicist and folklorist graduated from a factory school in Sysert. From 10 to 14 years old, the boy studied at a theological school in Yekaterinburg. Then he graduated from seminary in Perm. After receiving his education, he taught Russian. During his summer vacation, he traveled around the Urals and collected folklore.

P. P. Bazhov began writing “Ural Tales” in the 1930s. At first they were published in the magazine. Then a collection of Ural tales was published, which was called “The Malachite Box”. It was published in 1939. The author has updated the book many times.

In 1943, Pavel Petrovich received the Stalin Prize for his work.

"Ural Tales"

Bazhov P. collected “Ural Tales,” as mentioned above, throughout the Urals. He heard many of them from miners as a child. After some time, Pavel Petrovich made an official statement that he composed “Ural Tales” himself. The works are combined into groups that are related to each other common characters. P. Bazhov thought through such a move in order to give his book more integrity. Many tales are interconnected by the place of action.

The most important wonderful character in P. Bazhov’s fairy tales is Copper Mountain Mistress. She guards the treasure. The hostess is extraordinarily beautiful and has magical abilities. Only talented stone craftsmen were allowed to descend into her domain. She could help, but she could also destroy.

List of tales included in the collection

The book “Ural Tales” by P. P. Bazhov includes the following works:

• "Mining Master".
• "Vasin's Mountain"
• "Cast Iron Grandmother"
• "Snake trail"
• “A gift from the old mountains.”
• "Diamond Match"
• "The Amethyst Case."
• "Two lizards."
• "Golden Hair"
• "Sunstone"
• "Copper Share"
• "Silk Hill".
• "Blue Snake"
• "Mistress of the Copper Mountain."
• "About the Great Snake."
• "Tyutka's mirror."
• "Far Peeper"
• "Crystal varnish".
• "Inscription on the Stone."
• "Markov stone".
• "Goldflower of the Mountain."
• "The mysterious Tulunkin."
• "At the old mine."
• "Rudy Pass".

And many others.

"Mistress of the Copper Mountain"

This is one of the most significant, well-known and beloved works of the book “Ural Tales” by readers. We offer a brief summary of the contents of this work below.

A young worker named Stepan once saw a girl in the forest - beautiful, with a long braid and wearing clothes made of malachite. He realized that this was the Mistress of the Copper Mountain herself. The girl told him that she had business with him. We need to go to the factory clerk and tell him to get out of the Krasnogorsk mine. The Mistress promised Stepan that she would marry him if he fulfilled her order. Then she turned into a lizard and ran away. The next morning Stepan went to the clerk and handed over everything that was ordered. For this they flogged him, took him down the mountain, and chained him up. At the same time, they ordered to extract a lot of malachite. The Mistress helped Stepan because he was not afraid to fulfill her order. He mined a lot of malachite. The Mistress showed him her dowry. And then she began to ask if he agreed to take her as his wife. Stepan thought and said that he already had a fiancée. The Mistress praised him for not coveting her wealth. She gave Stepan a box of jewelry for his bride. And then she said that he would live richly, but he must forget her. Soon he got married, built a house, and had children. But he was not happy. Stepan began going into the forest to hunt and every time he looked at the Krasnogorsk mine. Stepan could not forget the Mistress. One day he went into the forest and did not return - he was found dead.

"Malachite Box"

Another very famous work cycle "Ural Tales". Summary The “Malachite Box” is presented in this article. This tale is a continuation of the story about the Mistress of the Copper Mountain. Stepan died, but the malachite box remained with his widow Nastasya. Jewelry was kept in it, given by the Mistress. Only Nastasya didn’t wear them and wanted to sell them. There were many people who wanted to buy the box. But everyone offered a small price. There was another reason why she kept the box with her. Youngest daughter Tatyana loved these decorations very much. Tanyusha grew up and, thanks to a stranger who asked to stay at their house for the night, she learned to embroider with silk and beads. And she was such a craftswoman that she began to earn a lot of money. Soon the master saw the girl and was so struck by her beauty that he invited her to become his wife. She agreed, but set the condition that she would marry him if he showed her the queen in a room made of malachite made by her father. The master promised to fulfill her wish. Finding herself in the queen’s malachite chamber, the girl leaned against the wall and melted. Since then, no one has heard anything about her, they only began to notice that the Mistress of the Copper Mountain began to double.

"Stone Flower"

This work is the last of the series about the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, which was created by Pavel Bazhov. “Ural Tales”, as you know, includes several stories about this amazing beauty. " Stone Flower" - the story of the orphan Danilka, who at the age of 12 became an apprentice to a malachite master. The boy was talented and the teacher liked him. When Danila grew up, he became an excellent craftsman. He had a dream. He wanted to create a malachite bowl that looked like a flower. I even found a suitable stone. But he just couldn’t cut out a beautiful flower. One day he met the Mistress of the Copper Mountain herself. He asked her to show him her stone flower. The Mistress tried to dissuade him from this, but he insisted. He saw the flower of the Mistress of the Copper Mountain and from then on he completely lost peace. Then he broke his unfinished bowl and left. He was never seen again, but there were rumors that he was serving with the Mistress of the Copper Mountain.

"Silver Hoof"

P. P. Bazhov wrote “Ural Tales” for children, but they are also interesting for adults. One of the stories that appeals to readers of all ages is “The Silver Hoof.” Lonely old man Kokovanya sheltered an orphan. Grandfather worked every day, and his granddaughter put things in order in the hut and cooked. In the evenings, Kokovanya told the girl fairy tales. And one day he told her about a magic goat with a silver hoof, which he knocks on, and precious stones appear in that place. Once a girl was waiting for her grandfather from hunting and saw through the window that her cat was playing with the same goat from the fairy tale. She ran out to look at him. And the goat jumped onto the roof, began to beat with his hoof, and precious stones fell from under his feet. Grandfather and granddaughter collected them and lived comfortably for the rest of their lives.

"Sinyushkin Well"

The book “Ural Tales” includes the story of the good fellow Ilya. He was left an orphan early. The only inheritance he received was a sieve full of feathers from Lukerya’s grandmother, who instructed her grandson not to pursue riches. One day Ilya decided to take a short route to the mine. And this path lay through the swamp. Ilya felt thirsty. He looks, and in the swamp there is an area with clean water like a well. He decided to drink this water, lay down on the ground, and from the water Sinyushka stretched out her hands to him. He managed to overcome her charms, he stood up and spat on her hand. And she began to tease him that he would not be able to drink water from her well. Ilya promised Sinyushka that he would return and left.

The fellow kept his promise. Ilya returned, tied the ladle to a perch and used it to scoop up water from the well. Sinyushka was amazed at his ingenuity and promised to show her wealth. Ilya came to the well again. And girls come up to him with trays full of jewelry. He remembered that his grandmother had punished him and began to refuse everything. An eighteen-year-old beauty approached him with a sieve containing berries and feathers. Ilya realized that this was Sinyushka. He took the sieve from her hands. When I came home, the berries turned into gems. Ilya began to live richly, but he could not forget Sinyushka. One day he met a girl very similar to her, and he married her.

This tale is about the fact that the main riches in life are not gold and gems. Sinyushkin's well is a test that only those who do not envy, are not greedy and remember advice can pass.

"Jumping Firefly"

The book that Bazhov P. wrote - “Ural Tales” - includes a story about a gold mine. One day the men were sitting by the fire, and with them was the boy Fedyunka. And suddenly they saw red-haired girl who jumped out of the fire. She danced, and then stopped near a pine tree and stamped her foot. According to legend, this is how she indicated the place where gold should be looked for. Only she deceived this time - there was nothing under the pine tree. Soon Fedyunka saw Jumping again. This time she told him right place pointed out. The boy found gold and lived comfortably for 5 years. The people heard about it, and everyone rushed to that mine for gold. People were coming there from all directions. But the gold disappeared there because of this.

The name of Pavel Petrovich Bazhov is known to every adult. When we mention the name of this Russian writer, wonderful original tales about a malachite box, a stone flower, hardworking and kind Ural miners and skilled craftsmen arise in our minds. Bazhov’s works take you into the world of the Ural underground and mountain kingdom and introduce you to its magical inhabitants: the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, the Jumping Ognevushka, the Silver Hoof, the Great Snake and the Blue Snake.

P.P. Bazhov - master of Ural tales

Pavel in the Urals in 1879. His family traveled a lot, and much of what the boy heard and saw as a child in Sysert, Polevsky, Seversky, Verkh-Sysert formed the basis for his tales about the Urals and his life. Pavel Bazhov has always been attracted to folklore.

He had great respect for the history of his people, for their original character And oral creativity. The writer constantly collected and updated folklore records and, based on them, created his own unique tales. The heroes of his works are ordinary workers.

Display of historical events in the tales of P. Bazhov

Serfdom existed in the Urals until late XIX century. Works by P.P. Bazhov describe the time when the people lived under the yoke of masters. Factory owners, in pursuit of income, did not think about price human life and the health of their charges, forced to work in dark and damp mines from morning to night.

Despite Hard times and hard labor, the people did not lose heart. Among the workers there were very creative ones, smart people who know how to work and deeply understand the world of beauty. Descriptions of their characters, life and spiritual aspirations are contained in Bazhov’s works. The list of them is quite long. The writing merits of Pavel Bazhov were appreciated during his lifetime. In 1943, he was awarded the Stalin Prize for his book of Ural fairy tales, “The Malachite Box.”

The message of the Ural tales

Tales are not early works Pavel Bazhov. Despite the fact that the journalist, publicist and revolutionary Bazhov was always interested in folklore, the idea of ​​writing fairy tales did not immediately appear to him.

The first tales, “The Mistress of the Copper Mountain” and “Dear Name,” were published before the war, in 1936. Since then, Bazhov’s works began to appear in print regularly. The purpose and meaning of the tales was to raise the morale and self-awareness of the Russian people, to realize themselves as a strong and invincible nation, capable of feats and resistance to the enemy.

It is no coincidence that Bazhov’s works appeared before the start of the Great Patriotic War and continued to go out during it. In this regard, P.P. Bazhov was a visionary. He managed to foresee the onset of trouble and make his contribution to the fight against world evil.

Mystical images in the literary works of P.P. Bazhova

Many people know what works Bazhov wrote, but not everyone understands where the writer borrowed from magical images their tales. Of course, the folklorist was only conveying folk knowledge about otherworldly forces that helped good heroes and punished evil people. There is an opinion that the surname Bazhov comes from the word “bazhit”, which is a Ural dialect and literally means “to bewitch”, “to foretell”.

Most likely, the writer was a person well versed in mysticism, since he decided to recreate mythological images The Great Snake, the Jumping Firefly, the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, the Silver Hoof and many others. All these magical heroes represent forces of nature. They possess countless riches and reveal them only to people with pure and with open hearts, opposing the forces of evil and in need of help and support.

Bazhov's works for children

The meaning of some tales is very deep and does not lie on the surface. It must be said that not all of Bazhov’s works will be understandable to children. To tales addressed directly younger generation, traditionally include “Silver Hoof”, “Jumping Firefly” and “Blue Snake”. Bazhov's works for children are written in a very concise and accessible language.

Here, much attention is not paid to the experiences of the heroes, but the emphasis is on the description of miracles and magical characters. Here the Jumping Fire Girl plays mischief in a fiery sundress, in another fairy tale the Silver Hoof suddenly appears and knocks out precious stones for an orphan girl and good hunter Kokovani. And, of course, who doesn’t want to meet the Blue Snake, who spins her wheel and shows where the gold is?

Bazhov's tales and their use in fairy tale therapy

Bazhov’s works are very convenient to use in fairy tale therapy, the main task of which is to develop in children positive values ​​and motivations, strong moral foundations, and to develop their creative perception of the world and good intellectual abilities. Vivid images of fairy tales, simple, sincere, hardworking people from the people, fantasy characters will make the child’s world beautiful, kind, unusual and fascinating.

The most important thing in Bazhov's tales is morality. The child must learn and remember it, and the help of an adult in this is very necessary. After the fairy tale is told, you need to have a conversation with the children in the same friendly manner about the main characters, their behavior and fate. Kids will be happy to talk about those characters and their actions that they liked, and express their opinion about negative heroes and their behavior. Thus, the conversation will help consolidate the positive effect of fairy tale therapy, contributing to the strong rooting of the acquired knowledge and images in the child’s mind.

List of works by Bazhov:

• "Diamond Match";
• "The Amethyst Case";
• “Bogatyreva’s mitten”;
• "Vasina Mountain";
• “Veselukhin spoon”;
• "Blue Snake";
• "Mining Master";
• "Far Peeper";
• "Two lizards";
• "Demidov's kaftans";
• “Dear little name”;
• “Dear Earth Revolution”;
• "Ermakov's swans";
• "Zhabreev Walker";
• "Iron tires";
• “Zhivinka in action”;
• "Living Light";
• "Snake's Trail";
• "Golden Hair";
• "Golden Bloom of the Mountain";
• "Golden Dykes"
• "Ivanko-krylatko";
• "Stone Flower";
• "Key of the Earth";
• "Indigenous secrecy";
• "Cat's ears";
• "Circular lantern";
• "Malachite Box";
• "Markov stone";
• "Copper Share";
• “Mistress of the Copper Mountain”;
• "At the same place";
• "Inscription on the Stone";
• "Wrong Heron";
• "Jumping Firefly";
• "Eagle Feather";
• "Clerk's soles";
• “About the Great Snake”;
• “About divers”;
• “About the main thief”;
• "Rudyanoy Pass";
• "Silver Hoof";
• “Sinyushkin Well”;
• "Sun Stone";
• "Juicy Pebbles";
• “A gift from the old mountains”;
• "Cockroach soap";
• "Tayutkino's mirror";
• "Grass West";
• "Heavy twist";
• "At the old mine";
• "Fragile twig";
• "Crystal varnish";
• "Cast Iron Grandmother";
• "Silk Hill";
• "Broad shoulder."

Bazhov’s works, a list of which parents should study in advance, will help develop in children a feeling of sympathy for good characters, such as the old man Kokovanya, Darenka, and a negative attitude, censure towards others (the clerk from the fairy tale “The Mistress of the Copper Mountain”). They will instill in the child a sense of kindness, justice and beauty and teach him to sympathize, help others and act decisively. Bazhov's works will develop the creative potential of children and will contribute to the emergence in them of the values ​​and qualities necessary for a successful and happy life.

A famous journalist, publicist and, of course, a writer, famous throughout the world for his Ural tales. From his pen came Danila the Master, the mistress of Copper Mountain, and the storyteller Grandfather Slyshko. A rich, original language, imbued with legends and beliefs, a working man at the center of each work, an intriguing and unpredictable plot. These characteristics His books stand out from others.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was born on January 27, 1879 according to the new style and on the 15th the old way. I spent my entire childhood in the small town of Sysert, near Yekaterinburg. Father Pyotr Vasilyevich is a hereditary miner, worked at a local factory, mother Augusta Stefanovna wove lace for sale. The family was not rich, not even poor. Pavel grew up as an only child.

Initially, Bazhov had a surname Bazhev, from the word “bazhit”, that is, to cast a spell. But one Siberian clerk, giving a document to Pavel Bazhev, made a spelling mistake and wrote Bazhov. Pavel Petrovich did not change anything; the name Bazhov remained with him for the rest of his life and made him famous. The writer also signed many pseudonyms: Koldunkov, Baheev, Derevensky, Starozavodsky, Osintsev.

Childhood and youth

Bazhov grew up among miners. Some of them were not only masters of their craft, but also good storytellers. From them, local children learned about the legends in which they existed fabulous creatures, people, colorful Ural nature was also one of the characters. Little Pavel especially remembered the stories of the old miner Vasily Alekseevich Khmelin, who at that time worked as a watchman at factory warehouses. Local children constantly gathered at his lodge.

Pavel grew up as a smart boy. His primary classes fell on the male zemstvo three-year period. Later, teachers recalled how Bazhov at will I memorized the entire collection of Nekrasov’s poems and recited the works to the class.

Next according to the plan was a gymnasium or a real school. But the price of tuition was so high that it turned out to be unaffordable for the family. Therefore, the boy was sent to the Yekaterinburg Theological School, where the price of education was low, and students were provided with housing for free. At the age of 14, Bazhov was enrolled in the Perm Theological Seminary, its student graduated with good scores. A young man dreams of university, but it is too expensive for his family. He is offered a place at the Kyiv Theological Academy, but Pavel refuses. He does not see himself in the role of a clergyman.

Finding myself

At the age of 20, Bazhov begins labor activity. He is a teacher in primary school in the remote village of Shaidurikha, where mainly Old Believers lived. Then he teaches Russian and literature in schools in Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov. After which he becomes a teacher at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, where he once studied. His work career also includes the Diocesan Women's School, where he teaches not only literature, but also algebra and the Old Church Slavonic language. What happens within the walls of this establishment is fateful meeting, Bazhov meets future wife Valentina Ivanitskaya, the couple would subsequently have seven children, three of whom would die in infancy.

Valentina Aleksandrovna recalled the first meeting: “We heard a slight cough. A not very tall young man with a thick, luxurious beard and slightly wavy, light brown hair appeared in the class. But the new teacher was especially distinguished by his intelligent and radiant eyes.”

During his teaching career, Bazhov dreams of entering Tomsk University. But he is refused due to political unreliability. At 20 s small years old Pavel Petrovich is passionate about revolutionary ideas and dreams of radical changes in the country. The failed student is also interested in journalism, the history of the region, local legends and legends. Every summer during the holidays, Bazhov went on a walking tour to remote villages and hamlets. He collects folklore, gets acquainted with the craft of stone cutters and foundries, writes rare words and expressions in a notebook, and writes notes about nature. Later, all these sketches will form the basis of famous tales.

Time for a change

After the revolution of 17, Bazhov worked in the Kamyshlov Public Security Committee, then became a deputy of the city council. He also successively held the positions of commissar of education and editor-in-chief of the newspaper “Izvestia of the Kamyshlovsky Council”; in 1918, Pavel Petrovich received a party card.

During the years of the Civil War, the future writer went to neighboring Alapaevsk to organize the work of the Okopnaya Pravda newspaper. The family remains in Kamyshlov when it is occupied by Kolchak’s army. In this turbulent time, Bazhov writes letters one after another with the following content: “Valyanushka! My dear, good, dear! Guys! Where are you? What's wrong with you? How hard it is not to know this!

After Alapaevsk there was Nizhny Tagil, Omsk, Tyumen, and then Ust-Kamenogorsk (a city in Kazakhstan). Bazhov not only contributed to revolutionary newspapers, but also fought in the ranks of the Red Army. After the end of the civil war, Pavel Petrovich falls ill with typhus. After recovery, the family returns to their native land.

The Writer's Path

People started talking about the writer Bazhov in 1924, when the book “The Ural Were” was published, which tells about the hard work of miners. In 1937, “Formation on the Move” appeared, which tells the story of the Kamyshlovsky regiment. For this work, the writer was expelled from the party, although he was later reinstated.

The famous “Malachite Box” was released only in 1939. For her in 1943, Pavel Petrovich was awarded Stalin Prize. The book was published in several editions. Bazhov supplemented it with new tales. Stories about the mistress of the Copper Mountain, Danil the Master, the Great Snake, the Silver Hoof, and Grandma Sinyushka, told by grandfather Slyshko, gained worldwide popularity and were translated into dozens of languages. By the way, the writer had to prove that he was the author of the tales, that he not only wrote them down, but composed them.

Bazhov has two autobiographical stories. “Green Filly” appeared in 1939 under the pseudonym Egorsha Koldunkov, the later “Far-Close” dates back to 1949.

Name: Pavel Bazhov

Age: 71 years old

Activity: prose writer, folklorist, journalist, publicist

Family status: was married

Pavel Bazhov: biography

Biographers of Pavel Petrovich Bazhov say that this writer had lucky fate. The great storyteller lived a long and peaceful life, eventful. The master of the pen perceived all political revolutions relatively calmly and in those troubled times managed to achieve recognition and fame. For many years, Bazhov did what he loved - he tried to make reality a fairy tale.

His works are still popular among young people and the older generation. Perhaps there are few people who have not seen soviet cartoon“The Silver Hoof” or have not read the collection of stories “The Malachite Box”, which includes the tales “The Stone Flower”, “The Blue Well” and “Dear Name”.

Childhood and youth

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov was born on January 15 (27 according to the new style) January 1879. The future writer grew up and was brought up in an average family. His father Pyotr Bazhov (originally the surname was spelled with the letter “e”), a native of the peasants of the Polevskaya volost, worked at a mining site in the town of Sysert, in the Sverdlovsk region. Later the Bazhovs moved to the village of Polevskoy. The writer’s parent earned his bread through hard work, and agriculture didn’t work: there were no arable lands in Sysert land plots. Peter was a hardworking man and a rare specialist in his field, but the bosses did not favor the man, so Bazhov Sr. replaced more than one workplace.

The fact is that the head of the family loved to sip on strong drink and often went on binges. But not this one bad habit became a stumbling block between managers and subordinates: the tipsy Bazhov did not know how to keep his mouth shut, so he criticized the working elite to smithereens. Later, the “talkative” Peter, who for this reason was nicknamed Drill, was taken back, because such professionals are worth their weight in gold. True, the factory management did not immediately condescend to forgive; Bazhov had to beg for a job for a long time. At the moments of the helmsmen’s thoughts, the Bazhov family was left without a means of subsistence; they were saved by the odd earnings of the head of the family and the crafts of his wife Augusta Stefanovna (Osintseva).

The writer's mother came from Polish peasants, ran a household and raised Pavel. In the evenings I was fond of needlework: weaving lace, knitting fishnet stockings and creating other cozy little things. But because of this painstaking work which was carried out in the dark, the woman’s vision was severely deteriorated. By the way, despite Peter’s wayward character, he and his son got along friendly relations. Pavel’s grandmother even used to say that his father indulged his child all the time and forgave any pranks. And Augusta Stefanovna had a completely soft and flexible character, so the child was raised in love and harmony.

Pavel Petrovich Bazhov grew up as a diligent and inquisitive boy. Before moving, he attended the zemstvo school in Sysert and studied excellently. Pavel picked up subjects on the fly, be it Russian or mathematics, and every day he pleased his relatives with fives in his diary. Bazhov recalled that thanks to him he was able to get a decent education. The future writer took a volume of the great Russian writer in local library under harsh conditions: the librarian jokingly ordered the young man to learn all the works by heart. But Paul took this task seriously.

Later, his school teacher spoke about the student to a veterinarian friend as a gifted child from a working-class family who knew Alexander Sergeevich’s creations by heart. Impressed by the talented young man, the veterinarian gave the boy a start in life and provided the native poor family decent education. Pavel Bazhov graduated from the Ekaterinburg Theological School, and then entered the Perm Theological Seminary. The young man was invited to continue his studies and receive church orders, but the young man did not want to serve in the church, but dreamed of poring over textbooks at the university. In addition, Pavel Petrovich was not a religious, but rather a revolutionary-minded person.

But money for further education wasn't enough. Pyotr Bazhov died of liver disease, so he had to be content with Augusta Stefanovna’s pension. Therefore, without receiving a university diploma, Pavel Petrovich worked as a teacher in theological schools of Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov, teaching students Russian language and literature. Bazhov was loved, each of his lectures was perceived as a gift, he read the works of great classics sensually and with soul. Pavel Petrovich was one of those rare teachers who could interest even an inveterate student and restless student.

The girls at school had a peculiar custom: they pinned bows made of multi-colored satin ribbons to their favorite teachers. Pavel Petrovich Bazhov had no free space left on his jacket, because he had the most “insignia” of all. It is worth saying that Pavel Petrovich participated in political events and perceived the October Revolution as something proper and fundamental. In his opinion, the abdication of the throne and the Bolshevik coup should have put an end to social inequality and provide the residents of the country with a happy future.

Until 1917, Pavel Petrovich was a member of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, in civil war fought on the side of the Reds, organized the underground and developed a strategy in case of a fall Soviet power. Bazhov also served as head of the trade union bureau and public education department. Later, Pavel Petrovich headed the editorial activities and published a newspaper. Among other things, the writer organized schools and called for the fight against illiteracy. In 1918, the master of words joined communist party Soviet Union.

Literature

As you know, as a student, Pavel Petrovich lived in Yekaterinburg and Perm, where instead of living nature there was continuous railways, and instead small houses- stone apartments on several floors. In cultural cities, life was in full swing: people went to theaters and discussed social events at restaurant tables, but Pavel loved returning to his native land.

There he became acquainted with semi-mystical folklore: a local old man nicknamed Slyshko ("Glass") - watchman Vasily Khmelinin - loved to tell folk tales, the main characters of which were mythical characters: the Silver Hoof, the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, the Jumping Fire Girl, the Blue Snake and the Grandmother Little blue.

Grandfather Vasily Alekseevich explained that all his stories are based on everyday life and describe “ancient life.” Khmelinin especially emphasized this difference between Ural tales and fairy tales. Local children and adults listened to every word of grandfather Slyshko. Among the listeners was Pavel Petrovich, who absorbed Khmelinin’s amazingly magical stories like a sponge.

From those times, his love for folklore began: Bazhov carefully kept notebooks in which he collected Ural songs, tales, legends and riddles. In 1931, a conference on Russian folklore was held in Moscow and Leningrad. As a result of the meeting, the task of studying modern worker and collective farm-proletarian folklore was set, then it was decided to create a collection “Pre-revolutionary folklore in the Urals.” Local historian Vladimir Biryukov was supposed to search for materials, but the scientist did not find the necessary sources.

Therefore, the publication was headed by Bazhov. Pavel Petrovich collected folk epics as a writer, and not as a folklorist. Bazhov knew about passportization, but did not carry it out. The master of the pen also adhered to the principle: the heroes of his works came from Russia or the Urals (even if these assumptions contradicted the facts, the writer rejected everything that was not in favor of his homeland).

In 1936, Pavel Petrovich published his first work entitled “The Azov Girl”. Later, in 1939, the collection “The Malachite Box” was published, which during the author’s lifetime was replenished with new tales from the words of Vasily Khmelinin. But, according to rumors, one day Bazhov admitted that he did not rewrite his stories from other people’s lips, but composed them.

Personal life

It is known that for a long time Pavel Petrovich was not involved in relationships with women. The writer was not deprived of the attention of lovely ladies, but at the same time he was not a Don Juan either: Bazhov did not plunge headlong into fleeting passions and novels, but led an ascetic bachelor life. Why Bazhov remained single until he was 30 is difficult to explain. The writer was passionate about his work and did not want to waste time on the young ladies passing by, and also believed in sincere love. However, this is how it happened: the 32-year-old folklorist proposed his hand and heart to 19-year-old Valentina Aleksandrovna Ivanitskaya, a former student. The serious and educated girl agreed.

It turned out to be a marriage for life, the lovers raised four children (seven were born in the family, but three died in infancy from illness): Olga, Elena, Alexei and Ariadne. Contemporaries recall that comfort reigned in the house and there were no cases where the spouses were burdened by domestic or other disagreements. It was impossible to hear the name Valya or Valentina from Bazhov, because Pavel Petrovich called his beloved affectionate nicknames: Felyanushka or Valestenochka. The writer did not like to be late, but even leaving for a meeting in a hurry, he returned to the threshold if he forgot to kiss his beloved wife goodbye.

Pavel Petrovich and Valentina Aleksandrovna lived happily and supported each other. But, like any other mortal, in the life of the writer there were both cloudless and sad days. Bazhov had to endure terrible grief- death of a child. Young Alexey died due to an accident at the factory. It is also known that Pavel Petrovich, although he was a busy person, always set aside time to talk with children. It is noteworthy that the father communicated with his offspring as with adults, gave them the right to vote and listened to their opinions.

“The ability to know everything about his loved ones was an amazing feature of my father. He was always the busiest, but he had enough spiritual sensitivity to be aware of everyone’s worries, joys and sorrows,” said Ariadna Bazhova in the book “Through the Eyes of a Daughter.”

Death

Shortly before his death, Pavel Petrovich stopped writing and began giving lectures that strengthened the spirit of the people during the Great Patriotic War.

Great writer died in the winter of 1950. The creator's grave is located on a hill (central alley) in Yekaterinburg at the Ivanovo cemetery.

Bibliography

• 1924 - “The Ural Were”
• 1926 - “For Soviet truth”;
• 1937 - "Formation on the Move"
• 1939 - “The Green Filly”
• 1939 - “Malachite Box”
• 1942 - “Key-Stone”
• 1943 - “Tales of the Germans”
• 1949 - “Far - Close”

Biography

BAZHOV, PAVEL PETROVICH (1879−1950), Russian writer. Born on January 15 (27), 1879 at the Sysertsky plant near Yekaterinburg in a family of hereditary mining masters. The family often moved from factory to factory, which allowed the future writer to get to know well the life of the vast mountain district and was reflected in his work - in particular, in the essays The Ural Were (1924). Bazhov studied at the Yekaterinburg Theological School (1889−1893), then at the Perm Theological Seminary (1893−1899), where tuition was much cheaper than in secular educational institutions.

Until 1917 he worked as a school teacher in Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov. Every year during summer holidays traveled around the Urals, collecting folklore. Bazhov wrote in his autobiography about how his life developed after the February and October revolutions: “From the beginning February Revolution went into the work of public organizations. From the beginning of open hostilities, he volunteered for the Red Army and took part in combat operations on the Ural Front. In September 1918 he was accepted into the ranks of the CPSU (b). He worked as a journalist in the divisional newspaper “Okopnaya Pravda”, in the Kamyshlov newspaper “Red Path”, and from 1923 in the Sverdlovsk “Peasant Newspaper”. Work with letters from peasant readers finally determined Bazhov’s passion for folklore. According to his later admission, many of the expressions he found in letters from readers of the Peasant Newspaper were used in his famous Ural tales. His first book, The Ural Were, was published in Sverdlovsk, where Bazhov depicted in detail both factory owners and “lordly armrest” clerks, as well as simple artisans. Bazhov sought to develop his own literary style, was looking for original forms of embodiment of his writing talent. He succeeded in this in the mid-1930s, when he began publishing his first tales. In 1939, Bazhov combined them into the book Malachite Box (USSR State Prize, 1943), which he subsequently supplemented with new works. Malachite gave the name to the book because, according to Bazhov, “the joy of the earth is collected” in this stone. Creating fairy tales became the main work of Bazhov’s life. In addition, he edited books and almanacs, including those on Ural local history, headed the Sverdlovsk Writers' Organization, and was the editor-in-chief and director of the Ural Book Publishing House. In Russian literature, the tradition of the tale literary form goes back to Gogol and Leskov. However, calling his works tales, Bazhov took into account not only literary tradition genre, implying the presence of a narrator, but also the existence of ancient oral traditions of the Ural miners, which in folklore were called “secret tales”. From these folklore works, Bazhov adopted one of the main signs of his tales: mixing fairy tale images(Snake and his daughters Zmeevka, Ognevushka-Poskakushka, Mistress of the Copper Mountain, etc.) and heroes written in a realistic vein (Danila the Master, Stepan, Tanyushka, etc.). main topic Bazhov's tales - a simple man and his work, talent and skill. Communication with nature, with the secret foundations of life, is carried out through powerful representatives of the magical mountain world. One of the most bright images this kind is the Mistress of the Copper Mountain, whom Master Stepan meets from the tale The Malachite Box. The Mistress of the Copper Mountain helps the hero of the tale Stone Flower Danila to reveal his talent - and becomes disappointed in the master after he gives up trying to make the Stone Flower himself. The prophecy expressed about the Mistress in the tale of Prikazchikovy Soles is coming true: “It is sorrow for the bad to meet her, and little joy for the good.” Bazhov owns the expression “zhivinka in action”, which became the title of the tale of the same name, written in 1943. One of his heroes, grandfather Nefed, explains why his student Timofey mastered the skill of a charcoal burner: “And because,” he says, “because you looked down, - on that means what is done; and when you looked at it from above - what should be done better, then the little creature caught you. You see, it’s there in every business, it runs ahead of skill and pulls a person along with it.” Bazhov paid tribute to the rules of “socialist realism”, under which his talent developed. Lenin became the hero of several of his works. The image of the leader of the revolution acquired folklore features in the tales written during the Patriotic War: The Sun Stone, Bogatyrev's Mitten and the Eagle Feather. Shortly before his death, speaking to fellow countrymen writers, Bazhov said: “We, the Urals, living in such a region, which is some kind of Russian concentrate, is a treasury of accumulated experience, great traditions, we need to take this into account, this will strengthen our positions in the show modern man" Bazhov died in Moscow on December 3, 1950.

Bazhov Pavel Petrovich, years of life 1879−1950. The Russian writer was born on January 15 (27), 1879 near Yekaterinburg at the Sysertsky plant in a family of mining workers. From 1889 to 1893, Bazhov studied at the Yekaterinburg Theological School, then from 1893 to 1899 at the Perm Theological Seminary, where, of course, tuition was much cheaper than in secular educational institutions.

Bazhov managed to work as a teacher in Yekaterinburg and Kamyshlov until 1917. Every year during the summer holidays, Pavel Petrovich loved to collect folklore while traveling around the Urals. After the February and October revolutions, he described in his biography how his fate developed: “At the very beginning of the February revolution, he worked in public organizations. When hostilities began, he joined the Red Army and fought on the Ural Front. In September 1918 he was admitted to the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). He also worked as a journalist in the newspaper Okopnaya Pravda, and from 1923 in the Sverdlovsk Peasant Newspaper.

Working with letters from readers, I realized that it was important for him to study folklore. Bazhov later admitted that much of what he used in his Ural tales was drawn from letters from readers of the Peasant Newspaper. The first book, “The Ural People,” was published in Sverdlovsk, in which he quite clearly depicted factory owners and ordinary workers.

He managed to find his literary style only in the middle of 1930, when the world saw his first tales. In 1943, Bazhov received the State Prize (for the fact that in 1939 he combined his tales into one book, The Malachite Box). In addition, he edited books, was the head of the Sverdlovsk writers' organization, and the director of the Ural book publishing house.

In his several works he gave the image of V.I. Lenin. The image of the leader was visible in such tales as “Eagle Feather”, “Sun Stone”, written during the Patriotic War. Shortly before his death, speaking to writers, he said: “For us, the Urals, living in such a region, this is a treasure trove of accumulated experience, huge traditions, we need to take this into account, this will increase our position in showing modern man.” On December 3, 1950, the writer passed away in Moscow.