Heroes of good and evil master margarita. Mini-essay on the theme "Good and evil in the novel" The Master and Margarita

There is nothing absolutely white and absolutely black in the world, as they say: "Even the sun has spots." Without evil, there would be no good, therefore, these two forces complement each other. In Bulgakov's novel, Woland personified evil, but he also promoted goodness, turning and ridiculing human vices, punishing everyone with justice. Woland helped the Master and Margarita reunite, albeit through difficult trials.

The personification of goodness in the novel is Yeshua, who preaches love, mercy and compassion. He managed to touch the hearts of many people, awakening in them the truth and faith in love. And despite the fact that Yeshua was crucified, the seeds of goodness sown by him remained, they continued to grow and bear fruit. If we take the Bible as a basis and talk about Yeshua as Jesus Christ, then we can say that his memory is alive to this day. Billions of people around the world believe in him, living according to the commandments he left, which means that the good he sowed continues to live, changing people for the better, directing them to the truth and to the light.

In the novel, good and evil are like partners in a pair dance: one complements the other, and together they make an excellent tandem. Bulgakov showed in his work that evil and good are always there, constantly replacing each other. In life, as in this novel, human virtue borders on meanness, cowardice, betrayal and cowardice.

The most striking example of the manifestation of cowardice is the act of the Procurator, who sent Yeshua to execution. Bulgakov was excellent at building and intertwining the storyline of the novel with the chapters of the Bible. And in his work, in my opinion, he tried to convey to people the main idea that everything in this world is relative, except for the eternal and all-conquering power - the power of love. God is love - this is said in the Bible, love conquers everything, believes everything ... So in Bulgakov's novel, good and evil united in order for love to triumph. This means that love is more important and higher than all the forces of good and evil combined. Good and evil in the famous novel serve as tools that complement each other.

For example, Woland arranges a spectacular performance, the participants of which are the people themselves, here masks come off them and their true faces are revealed. “The whole world is a theater, and the people in it are actors,” said Shakespeare. And sometimes people really act as puppets in the hands of fate and higher powers, but these forces win and restore the balance of the two principles - good and evil - true love, all-conquering and all-forgiving.

The embodiment of love in the work is Margarita herself, and she also combines both good and evil. She has to become a real witch in order to fight for her love. Without interacting with the forces of evil, she would not have been able to achieve good, would not have fulfilled her main purpose - to return her beloved.

Bulgakov touched upon moral values ​​in his novel, demonstrating that life consists of an eternal struggle between good and evil, of light and darkness, and just as there is no dawn without night, so there is no love without pain and suffering.

Makievskaya Chiara

Chiara is very fond of Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita". She walked through all Bulgakov's places in Moscow, was at performances based on this novel. I am glad that I have students who are reverent about our classical literature, understanding its charm and dignity. I am happy that I have thinking and reflective students.

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An essay by a student of the 11th grade Makiyevskaya Chiara on the topic “Good and Evil in the novel“ The Master and Margarita ”by M.A. Bulgakov"

In the novel "The Master and Margarita" M.A. Bulgakov raises many interesting, relevant and important problems for society. In his work, the author thinks about the role of true love in life and creativity, about courage and cowardice, about true and false life values, about faith and unbelief, and about many other eternal issues, but most of all in the novel I was interested in the problem of good and evil.
Unlike many other classical authors M.A. Bulgakov does not draw an obvious and clear line between good and evil, emphasizing the ambiguity of this problem. M.A. Bulgakov leads the reader to this idea from the very first page of the novel, namely from the epigraph presented by a quote from Faust: "I am part of that force that always wants evil and always does good."
It is this phrase that remarkably characterizes the image of one of the key characters of the novel - Woland. Woland is Bulgakov's interpretation of Satan, a true representative of evil, but is it possible to argue that Woland is the most terrible evil described on the pages of the work? From the first chapters, the reader can create just such an idea, but with each new page and each new episode, the image of Woland is revealed more and more. Basically, from the Moscow chapters, we learn that in reality Woland does not commit any cruel atrocities, he only exposes the true appearance of Muscovites, tears off their masks and demonstrates all their main vices: greed, envy, greed, hypocrisy, cruelty and selfishness. The author clearly shows this in an episode of a session of black magic in the Variety Theater, where Woland and his retinue perform a series of peculiar tricks, during which the true faces of Muscovites are revealed. Then Woland will note: “They are people like people. They love money, but it has always been ... Humanity loves money, no matter what it is made of, whether it is leather, paper, bronze or gold. Well, frivolous ... well, well ... and mercy sometimes knocks on their hearts ... ordinary people ... in general, they resemble the former ones ... the housing problem only spoiled them ... "
At the same time, Woland not only taught some heroes a lesson, but was able to teach something important, influence fate and change lives for the better. The story of the life of the poet Ivan Bezdomny immediately comes to mind. The meeting with Woland entailed many troubles for Ivan, the main of which was his stay in a hospital for the mentally ill, but it was there that Ivan's fate changed tremendously, because there he met the Master. The master became a wise teacher for Homeless, able to teach Ivan to distinguish between false and true life values ​​and who managed to help him choose the right path in life.
It is also impossible not to note the role of evil and impure forces in the life of the Master and Margarita. Indeed, in the end, Woland helped the lovers reunite and find peace and happiness, for the Master and Margarita, Woland and his retinue truly "made good."
Another interesting fact is that good in the understanding of M.A. Bulgakov is not so clear. For example, if we recall the life path of Margarita, one cannot but pay attention to the fact that her life was not righteous, because Margarita was not a faithful wife, agreed to become a real witch, angrily and mercilessly took revenge on literary critics and accepted help from Satan himself, however, despite all these facts Margarita seems to us an exceptional and ideal woman, in whose soul there is a place for sincere love, mercy and courage. Margarita has the right outlook on life, she appreciates spirituality, and not something material and empty. On the pages of the novel among Muscovites, there may be many decent family men and restrained and intelligent people, but this is absolutely not enough to be considered a person who carries only good in himself, especially if hatred and envy are hidden behind the mask of decency and intelligence, which is why Margarita is much stronger wins over the reader than, for example, members of MASSOLIT.

The problem of the ambiguity of good and evil is also raised by the author on the Yershelayim pages of the novel. In the Yershelayim chapters, the conventionality of such concepts as "good man" and "evil man" is felt even more strongly. At first glance, it may seem that one cannot talk about the kindness of Pontius Pilate, because he could not find the courage to overcome the fear of responsibility because of his position, as a result of which Yeshua was sentenced to death. Pontius Pilate felt with all his heart that Yeshua was innocent, but he could not prevent the execution of the sentence. Because of Pontius Pilate, an innocent person died, it would seem, how can one then look for something bright in his soul? But, having repented, Pontius Pilate was able to gain forgiveness and freedom. His indifference and pangs of conscience meant the presence of light and purity in the soul, which is why Pontius Pilate was still able to climb the lunar road and follow it along with Yeshua and his dearest earthly creature - his beloved dog.
At the same time, I immediately want to turn to the image of Judas. And on his soul lies a grave sin for the death of Yeshua, the only difference is that Judas did not regret what he had done, there was no place for mercy and conscience in his heart, for the sake of money he could easily doom a person to death and continue to think about his personal life, make plans and live a calm and contented life. Indifference and cruel composure - that's what distinguishes Judas from Pontius Pilate. That is why Judas did not deserve salvation and was deprived of his life.
Thus, according to M.A. Bulgakov, one cannot divide the world into good and evil, good and bad people. Life is incredibly complicated, so you cannot judge a person without trying to understand his character, without knowing anything about his fate and past. Through the mouth of Woland in a conversation with Levi Matvey A.M. Bulgakov expressed a very important thought: “You uttered your words as if you did not recognize shadows, as well as evil. Would you be so kind to think about the question: what would your good do if evil did not exist, and how would what would the earth look like if shadows disappeared from it? After all, shadows come from objects and people. Here is the shadow from my sword. But there are shadows from trees and from living beings. Do you want to tear off the whole globe, blowing away all the trees and all living things because of your fantasy to enjoy the naked light?" M.A. Bulgakov notes the importance of both evil and good in people's lives, because both light and shadow are equally important in life. Good and evil are integral parts of the life of all people as a whole, and separately - the soul of each person, but only the person himself is able to choose the path he has to follow. That is why M.A. Bulgakov does not give clear answers and does not inspire any particular point of view, in the novel "The Master and Margarita" he only shows the possible roads on the path of life, and the reader must independently draw conclusions for himself personally. That is why, after so many years, the novel "The Master and Margarita" remains just as relevant and interesting for people, because every reader is able to find and see a part of himself in it, after which he will never be able to remain indifferent to the great work of M.A. Bulgakov.

- So who are you, finally?

I am part of that force

that always wants evil

and always does good.

Goethe

Good and evil... The concepts are eternal and inseparable. And as long as the spirit and consciousness of a person are alive, these forces will fight with each other, good will be “opened” to a person, illuminating the path to truth.

The novel by M. A. Bulgakov “The Master and Margarita” is dedicated to the struggle between good and evil. The author depicted this struggle with great skill, he managed to look into the soul of a person, to convey the inner world of his heroes. Bulgakov opened to readers the richest gamut of feelings and experiences of his characters, so this novel has firmly become one of the most beloved works of Russian literature. Bulgakov's work is a textbook for each new generation of youth, because the problems raised in it, with surprising constancy, arise at all times.

Two layers of time are revealed to the reader at the same time. One is connected with the life of Moscow in the twenties of our century, the other - with a legend or truth (depending on the faith and beliefs of a person) about a certain Yeshua Ha-Nots-ri, in whom we immediately recognize Jesus Christ. Bulgakov gives us a "novel within a novel", and both of them are united by one idea - the search for moral truth and the struggle for it. First, we are transported many centuries ago to the distant Yersha Laim, to the palace of the emperor of Judea, Pontius Pilate. Together with him in the palace is a young man, about twenty-seven, whose hands are tied, there is a bruise under his eye, and an abrasion with dried blood in the corner of his mouth. This man's name is Yeshua, he is accused of inciting the destruction of the Yershalaim temple.

Pontius Pilate lives according to his own laws: he knows that the world is divided into those who rule and those who obey them. And suddenly a person appears who violates this rule and is ready to argue with the procurator himself. He is not afraid to object to him, defending his point of view, and he does it so skillfully, so calmly, that he even confuses the procurator. Yeshua believes that there are no evil people in the world, there are unhappy people. He thinks that these people can be changed for the better, you just need to make them believe in themselves, interest them, instill confidence in them, and then you will get a full-fledged person who has a goal in life, who is able to benefit others by his actions.

The procurator found the prisoner interesting; he liked a lot about him. Pontius Pilate was immediately convinced of his innocence and innocence. He even had a dream that the two of them were walking along the lunar path and were talking peacefully. But he could no longer help Yeshua. Yeshua challenged not only the procurator himself, but also the entire regime that reigned in this city for several generations, so he is doomed to death. Because of the fear of denunciation, the fear of ruining his own career, Pontius Pilate goes against his convictions, the voice of humanity and conscience. And so Pontius Pilate shouts so that everyone can hear: “Criminal! Criminal!" Yeshua is executed. In fact, the power of the procurator turned out to be imaginary. Pontius Pilate is a coward: a faithful dog of order, he cannot go against the majority, and therefore he is pathetic and unworthy of respect. Yeshua, on the contrary, challenges the existing order, for him the idea is the most important thing, and we, freezing from the horror that his fate causes, at the same time feel admiration.

But how are the "Yershalaim" chapters related to the main content of the novel? We are transported to the 20s of our century. Envy, anger, distrust of dissident people also reign in the world that surrounds the main characters. Goodness is represented in the faces of the Master and Margarita - two lovers fighting for their love and justice. They are opposed by Woland, the image of Satan rethought by the author. Woland does evil, his goal is to expose, strengthen, put on public display human shortcomings and vices. What does he do to achieve his goal! All his tricks and tricks are aimed at one thing: to prove that people are inherently unfair, greedy and envious, and sometimes just angry. Woland leads the reader to the conclusion that all people are petty and corrupt, that everyone loves money.

Although many centuries have passed, kindness and love remain on earth. The master, the protagonist of M. Bulgakov's novel, creates his own novel about Christ and Pilate. In the image of Christ, the Master shows everything that is good and bright. There is a clear parallel between the Master and Yeshua. The Master, like Yeshua, tried to convey to people the whole truth that surrounds him. He wants to penetrate into the depths of centuries in order to understand the eternal. The masters are occupied with eternal problems, and he stops at nothing, seeking the truth, therefore his name is written with a capital letter. The master, undoubtedly, is kind, honest, decent, therefore he achieves respect in society and is worthy of Margarita's love.

Margarita in the novel is the bearer of a huge and inspired love, which the author called "eternal". Margarita has a strong character, a huge will, she is not embarrassed by any difficulties. Margarita fights for the Master. She even goes to a meeting with Satan himself in order to return the Master, while she is not afraid to sacrifice herself and passes into eternity.

As a result, the Master and Margarita are rewarded. These are people who bring goodness and love to others, so they will be remembered and respected. After leaving us, the Master left us his novel as a reminder that our moral problems are up to us to decide.

The novel by M. A. Bulgakov teaches the future generation that it is always necessary to fight for the truth and go forward to the victorious end, as the Master and Yeshua did. The novel remains in the history of Russian and world literature not only as a hymn to man, not only as the story of Margarita's unearthly love, but also as a grandiose monument to Moscow and a man who will stand up for good and justice forever and ever.

Bulgakov's novel is tragic, it is full of bitterness and skepticism, hope is woven in it with despair, and faith - with disbelief in its triumph. The era determined the tragedy of the novel, and Bulgakov did not lie: he ultimately wrote a novel about his time, but he wrote The Master and Margarita and a novel about the eternal struggle between good and evil.

The novel by M. A. Bulgakov is a unique masterpiece of Russian and world literature, which will never lose its relevance.

M.A. Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita. In Bulgakov's novel, the concepts of good and evil are intricately intertwined. Woland - Satan, traditionally should be the absolute embodiment of evil, but he often restores justice on earth, exposing human vices. The greatest evil, according to Bulgakov, is concentrated in the world of human society. And so it was at all times. The Master wrote about this in his novel, revealing the story of the deal between the procurator of Judea and his own conscience. Pontius Pilate sends an innocent man, the wandering philosopher Yeshua, to execution, as society expects such a decision from him. The outcome of this situation is the endless pangs of conscience that overcome the hero. The situation in Bulgakov's modern Moscow is even more deplorable: all moral norms are violated there. And Woland seems to be trying to restore their inviolability. During the four days of his stay in Moscow, Satan determines the "true face" of many characters - figures of culture, art, officials, and local inhabitants. He accurately defines the inner essence of everyone: Styopa Likhodeev, a well-known cultural figure, is an idler, a reveler and a drunkard; Nikanor Ivanovich Bosoy - a bribe-taker and a swindler; the proletarian poet Alexander Ryukhin is a liar and a hypocrite. And at a session of black magic in the Moscow variety show, Woland literally and figuratively exposes citizens who covet what can be obtained for free. It is noteworthy that all the tricks of Woland are almost invisible against the background of everyday life in Moscow. Thus, the author, as it were, hints to us that the real life of a totalitarian state, with its legalized party hierarchy, violence, is the main diabolical action. There is no place for creativity and love in this world. Therefore, the Master and Margarita have no place in this society. And here Bulgakov's thought is pessimistic - happiness on earth is impossible for a true artist. In a world where everything is determined by a person's social position, there is still goodness and truth, but they have to seek protection from the devil himself. Thus, according to Bulgakov, the opposition between good and evil is eternal, but these concepts are relative.

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The problem of good and evil worried the minds of writers at all times. She did not bypass the brilliant writer of the XX century Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov. The novel "The Master and Margarita" was written in the 1930s, but was not published until 1966. He was classified as fantastic, realistic, grotesque and even atheistic. The appearance of Yeshua Ha-Nozri, the prototype of Jesus Christ, and Satan in the same novel aroused unprecedented interest. Already on the example of these characters, it could be concluded that the plot of the work is based on the struggle between good and evil. However, it is not necessary that these are different people, because good and evil can collide in one person. Every person, whether he wants it or not, faces the problem of choice. The same thing happened with the heroes of the novel The Master and Margarita.

Bulgakov's Jesus, Yeshua Ha-Nozri, is an ordinary person with his own fears and weaknesses. He might have been completely weak if not for his faith. He sincerely believes that all people in the world are kind and that there are no evil people. Being an honest man, he speaks directly about his beliefs, not renouncing them even under pain of death. He sincerely believes that someday the time of justice will come and there will be no cruelty in the world. Yeshua makes such a choice and does not back down from his path. For this he is endowed with Light.

He is opposed to the procurator of Judea - Pontius Pilate. This man, endowed with power and strength, also faces a choice: pardon the innocent philosopher or execute him. However, he lacks the courage to go against the system. Fearing a denunciation, he signs Yeshua's death warrant, although he is sure that the prisoner is not guilty. As a result, it becomes a heavy burden on his conscience. In order to somehow atone for his guilt, he personally organizes the murder of the traitor Judas from Kiriath. But as it turned out, Yeshua was right. You can only atone for guilt by sincere repentance, and not by a new murder. Only after repentance was Pilate granted forgiveness.

The problem of choosing good and evil is faced not only by the gospel heroes, but also by the inhabitants of Moscow in the 1930s. So, for example, the chairman of a major literary publishing house, Mikhail Alexandrovich Berlioz, was punished and doomed to death for not believing in the existence of God and the devil.

And the author puts his main character, called the Master, before a choice. However, succumbing to cowardice and weakness, he repeats the actions of Pontius Pilate. He refused to fight for his work and chose to burn it, even though he knew it was worthy of publication. In contrast to him, Margarita, the beloved of the master, takes a more active position. She is ready to fight for the well-being of her beloved and his creativity. For this, she even makes a deal with the devil, accepting his terms. She does not have such faith as Yeshua, but she has an all-consuming love, which she does not renounce. As a result, she makes the right choice. Despite the fact that she chooses the side of the forces of darkness, her choice does not bring grief and suffering to anyone.

Using the example of his characters, the author does his best to show the reader that in the novel no one commits sins at the prompt. Everything that happens is a conscious choice of everyone. Therefore, each person is responsible for his actions, both good and bad.