Can writers predict the future? Presentation on the MHK on the topic "Art predicts the future" (Grade 9)

Topic "Predictions in Art"

The purpose of the lesson: show the ability of works of art to predict the events of history; to form the skills of analysis of artistic and musical works.

Equipment: computer, projector, presentation, reproductions of paintings by B. Kustodiev, A. Durer, P. Picasso, musical composition Ch. Ives, a fragment of the film Andrey Rublev.

During the classes

Organizing time

Repetition of the studied material

For several lessons now, we have been talking and discussing with you a very interesting and at the same time complex topic. What? What knowledge in this matter have you already gained? Remember what we talked about in the last lesson and answer the question: “What examples in the history of art that predict future events do you know?”

Recall:

Jules Vernet novel "20 thousand leagues under the sea";

The artist Wassily Kandinsky;

Vincent van Gogh;

A. Tolstoy "Hyperboloid engineer Garin";

Johann Sebastian Bach

Tell me, for what purpose did we consider those examples of prediction in art that you just remembered? Tell me, what question did we look for an answer to in the previous lesson? What are we trying to prove with these examples? What idea to formulate? (That art not only affects our emotional sphere, but sometimes even gives scientific knowledge.

Setting a learning task for the lesson.

The topic of our lesson is “Predictions in Art”. Try to say what we will do in the lesson today? We continue to get acquainted with works of art that in one way or another predict the events of the future or give their own special interpretation of the events that are revealed in these works.

Learning new material

Any piece of art directed to the future, so in history you can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about the impending social danger: revolutions, wars and splits. This kind of prophecy in art has been met repeatedly, including in art canvases. Great creators could use their own works to predict art. It is possible that this is precisely the main strength of this type of human activity. Guys, remember, we talked about this, why only creative people have such a gift? (they have a special well-developed imaginative thinking, which allows them to guess the missing data).

4.1 . Acquaintance with A. Durer's engravings.

A striking example of prediction in art can be considered the work of the German Renaissance painter and graphic artist Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528). They created a series of engravings.

Glossary of terms: engraving (from French gravure) is a printed impression on paper (or on similar material) from a plate ("board") on which a drawing is cut.

This series of engravings was called "Apocalypse" (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the title of one of the ancient church books, which contains prophecies about the end of the world).

Woodcuts made. There are 15 of them in total, they illustrate the Revelation of John the Theologian. When they were first published in 1498, they gained wide circulation and popularity precisely because at that time it was a common expectation of the end of the world in 1500.

There is an opinion that the artist expressed an alarming expectation of world-historical changes that really shook Germany after a while.

The most significant of this series is the engraving "The Four Horsemen". Let's review it, express our opinion and listen to the message.

SLIDE 1.

Look carefully at the contents of the engraving. What impression does she make on you? What emotions does it evoke? What do you see?

What do you think these horsemen can symbolize?

Why did you get this impression?

Student Message

Dürer's engravings illustrate the revelation of John the Theologian. The engraving "Four horsemen" reflects the 6th chapter. Here are short sentences from this chapter.

Behold, a white horse, and on it a rider who had a bow, and a crown was given to him; and he went forth victorious, and to conquer.

And another horse came out, red; and it was given to him that sat on it to take peace from the earth, and that they should kill one another; and a great sword was given to him.

The third animal is a black horse, and on it is a rider who has a measure in his hand.

And behold, a pale horse, and on it is a rider whose name is "death"; and hell followed him; and authority was given unto him over the fourth part of the earth, to kill with the sword, and with famine, and with pestilence, and with the beasts of the earth.

Four horsemen are depicted (from right to left): the first is the Conquest with a crown and a bow; the second is War with the sword; third - Hunger with scales; the fourth is Death, unlike other riders on an unshod, bareback skinny horse. Dürer walked away from habitual representation Death in the form of a grinning skeleton with a scythe, he depicted Death as a thin, bearded old man with a trident.

Teacher's story

Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - rush furiously across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. Swirling clouds and horizontal strokes of the background increase the speed of this frenzied gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement.

According to the plot of the Apocalypse, horsemen appear on the ground in turn, but the artist specifically placed them side by side. Everything is like in life - war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to this placement of figures is Durer's desire to warn his contemporaries and descendants that, having crushed the wall that the artist erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, the riders will inevitably break into the real world.

4.2 Acquaintance with the work of F. Goya

Etchings by F. Goya, paintings “Guernica” by P. Picasso, “Bolshevik” by B. Kustodiev, “New Planet” by K. Yuon and many others can be considered examples of predictions by the art of social change and upheaval.

Let's go back to the dictionary

Etching (fr. eau-forte - nitric acid, literally - "strong water") - a kind of engraving on metal; obtaining prints from printing plates ("boards"), in the process of creating an image on which the surface is etched with acids

I propose to look at Goya's etchings and then express your opinion and impressions of what you saw.

SLIDES 2-4

Analysis of the works of Goya.

What feelings do you have from the viewed etchings?

Try to guess what events the artist wanted to reflect in these works? Why do you think so? What kind means of expression did they help you come to this conclusion?

In the Disasters of War series of etchings, Goya depicted the struggle of the broad masses of the Spanish people with the Napoleonic troops. The people rebelled against the regular troops of Napoleon with knives, stakes, axes. They fought with frenzy and anger, defending every inch of the earth, hence the name - "With common sense or without it?". Women fought with the same fury. “They became like wild animals,” says Goya.

All the horrors of the war pass in a terrible sequence in the etchings: piles of corpses, carts with the dead, the execution of rebels and violence against women. "I saw it!", "Impossible to see it!" - with these words Goya accompanies two of his etchings.

4.3 Acquaintance with the work of P. Picasso

Today I would like to introduce you to the painting of the famous Spanish artist, sculptor, graphic artist, ceramist and designer Pablo Picasso. So that we can digress a little from the serious problem we have raised, I propose to look at the screen and read the full name of Pablo Picasso.

SLIDE 5

The name Picasso consists of 16 names, together with particles of 22 words.

Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Mártir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (Picasso's version (1881-1973) is also adopted)

SLIDE 6 Painting "Guernica"

Look and express your feeling from the picture

The reason for the creation of "Guernica" by Picasso was the bombing of the city - Guernica. During civil war in Spain, on April 26, 1937, a fascist volunteer unit subjected the city of Guernica to a sadistic night bombardment. Several air bombs were dropped on the city, which caused a devastating fire, as a result of which a significant part of the city was destroyed and, according to various estimates, about 200-250 people were injured.

The whole world watched these events, including Pablo Ruiz Picasso. Spanish poet and prominent public figure Rafael Alberti later recalled: "Picasso had never been to Guernica, but the news of the destruction of the city struck him like a blow from a bull's horn." The bombing of Guernica was the impetus for the creation famous canvas. The picture was painted in just a month - the first days of work on the picture, Picasso worked for 10-12 hours and already in the first sketches one could see the main idea.

This picture perfectly conveys the tragedy of the heartlessness of people.

Conversation on the works seen

Please tell guys. We looked at a number of works different artists living in different countries, in different time periods. Is there anything in common in these works?

Why do you think these works are considered within the framework of this topic. What is the prediction?

Why will these pictures be relevant in the future?

All because they show all the horrors of war, which in any historical period is a terrible event and, regardless of time, will be accompanied by loss of life, hunger and grief. This is the predictive role of art.

4.4 Acquaintance with the work of Russian artists

And now I propose to turn to the work of Russian artists and see if there are cases of prediction in Russian art.

Look at the following picture

SLIDE 7 Kustodiev "Bolshevik"

Listen to the story about this painting (Legeza S.)

B.M. Kustodiev is known as the original writer of merchant life. In Soviet times, the artist turned to the theme of the revolution. Developments February Revolution 1917 Kustodiev chained to wheelchair could only watch from the window. He wrote about his impressions: “It is still boiling here, the streets are still full of people ... I have never complained so much about my life, which does not allow me to go out into the street - after all, “such a” street must be expected for centuries.”

Kustodiev understood the revolution as a spontaneous, gigantic in scope popular revolt. Therefore, he decides to create the image of a new hero who led the people to victory over the oppressors.

In search of means of expression, Kustodiev for the first time in his work resorted to an allegorical solution. A huge, powerful figure of a Bolshevik with a red banner in his hands rises above the city and people. He walks, as in a fairy tale, with leaps and bounds, and it is not entirely clear where he is heading. The grandiose cloth of the flag, fluttering in the wind like a flame of a revolutionary fire, blazes over the city and is lost behind the horizon line. Below, under the giant, streams of armed people move along the city streets and lanes. Simple Russian face the giant is filled with an invincible will, his eyes are burning, his powerful hands are tightly squeezing the shaft. In front of him, as the last barrier, the building of the church grows - a symbol of autocracy, a faithful guardian of the old order. The viewer feels that the giant will step over it just as easily as he previously stepped over houses and other structures.

The artist in the original version wanted to place on the roof of the church a priest and a deacon hiding in panic horror. But in the process of work, he refused to include this detail in the picture, realizing that it could translate the picture into the plane of a caricature.

In the painting "Bolshevik" Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev has a metaphor (hidden meaning), which for many decades has not been unraveled. On this example, one can understand how the content of the picture is filled with new meaning, how the era, with its new views, changed value orientations, puts new meanings into the content.

Today it is difficult to overestimate the feat of Kustodiev, who created a canvas of such content in the difficult nineteenth year, in the ring of blockade, in need and cold ... In general, guys, it must be said that Kustodiev was a man who loved his homeland very much. Until the age of 20, he lived only in the city, though life was difficult, he wore two pairs of socks, because the bottom pair was missing fingers, and the top pair of heels ... And when, as a student, he went to the Russian village to study its life, he fell in love with the village so much that after 4 years when he got married, he returned to the village. At that time, he was already in great demand (few people had such a fast-paced career: yesterday he still wore combined socks, today he paints portraits of people who decided the fate of Russia). Therefore, many of his associates wondered why he locked himself in such a wilderness. Boris Mikhailovich was surprised in turn: “How bored I am when I write every day, and in the evening I talk with my dear Yulik. On the contrary, I am now experiencing the best time of my life - I am painting a picture and feel that I love and that I am loved. .."

But there was also an annoyance, which I wanted to forget as soon as possible. Even at the age of 19, he dropped in a letter to his mother: "Again, something is whining, as it sometimes happens with me." I forgot when I could forget. But at the age of 31, it was no longer possible to brush it off - the pain in the arm and neck was getting worse and soon turned into suffering. The strongest headaches were added to the pains in the hand. Doctors presume bone tuberculosis. From now on, he wears a rigid corset from chin to waist. He is treated in a Swiss clinic, where he is diagnosed with a new diagnosis: a tumor in the spinal canal. Operations cannot be avoided. True, then they promise a full recovery. And at the age of 37 he undergoes a second operation. Boris Makhalovich has two children: the third son, Igor, died at eleven months, and then, according to the daughter’s recollections, “the first gray strand appeared in my mother’s hair: Surgery on the spinal cord is not a joke by today, and even then ...

General anesthesia for 5 hours. Yulia Evstafyevna (wife) is sitting in the corridor. Doctors encourage her from time to time, but their words and glances are evasive. The professor himself comes out into the corridor and reports: a tumor of the spinal cord has been confirmed, but in order to get to it, you need to cut the nerve endings. The patient is unconscious, so it's up to you to decide what to save him: arms or legs. A girl who was once a happy lover, a woman immortalized in dozens of paintings, a mother who has already lost her son and is losing her husband with tragic iron inevitability, Yulia Evsafievna says: "Leave your hands. An artist - without hands, he cannot live ..."

Since then, Boris Mikhailovich has been chained to wheelchair. But this did not break his spirit, he continues to create and create his new masterpieces.

Today, this picture, like K. Yuon's "New Planet", is filled with new content. But how the artists of that time managed to feel the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.

Look at another painting by the artist Konstantin Fedorovich Yuon "New Planet"

SLIDE 8 "New planet"

What feelings and emotions does this picture evoke in you?

What do you think about it? What did the artist want to tell us?

This work does not just depict an unusual phenomenon - the birth of a new planet. K.F. Yuon is trying to comprehend the meaning of the October Revolution. For him, a revolution is not just a coup that took place in one particular state. No. This is a global phenomenon. And the reaction of people to such an unprecedented event is ambiguous.

In the painting “New Planet”, the birth of a new cosmic body is accompanied by bright flashes that illuminate people. Witnesses unusual phenomenon destroying the habitual way of life, old world react differently to what is happening. Someone sees in this the birth of a new beautiful world. They hold out their hands in hope bright light. Some people don't have the strength to go. They fall exhausted and crawl with their last strength to this new one. For others, the collapse of the old world causes panic horror. They may perceive the appearance of a new planet as the end of the world. People in fear fall on their faces, cover their heads, trying to hide, to escape from the impending catastrophe. But those and others the cosmic cataclysm does not leave indifferent.

Why do you think we understand the picture differently? Do we put another meaning into it?

Probably because for our time the events of the revolution are already history, but the conquest of space and issues related to the place and fate of our planet in the Universe are relevant and concern us.

AT musical art An example of this kind of foresight is the piece for orchestra "The Question Left Unanswered" (" space landscape») American composer C. Ives (1874-1954). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of aircraft (K. Tsiolkovsky).

Listen to a short fragment and try to say what this piece is about?

Insert a music file into slide 8 - close the screen while playing

What emotions does the music evoke? What state of mind is conveyed in music? What can this piece be about?

This play has become a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the universe.

Today we got acquainted with works that reflect social changes in society, which were sometimes accompanied by tragedies, bloodshed, etc.

Therefore, I propose to end our lesson with a conversation about something more joyful, positive.

Look at the works of the Russian artist Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov

SLIDES 9-11

In his dynamic compositions, he sought to express the internal energy of the object. Crushing objects, pushing them against each other, shifting planes and plans, he created the feeling of a world changing at lightning speed. In this restless, shifting and rushing space one can guess the familiar outlines of Moscow cathedrals, views of Novgorod, Moscow. He is attracted by the opportunity to convey what is generally indescribable, for example, the spreading sound in the film “Ring. Ivan the Great belltower".

In Russian musical art, the theme of bells has found a vivid embodiment in the work of various composers of the past and present: M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, S. Rachmaninov, G. Sviridov, V. Gavrilin, A. Petrov

For the lesson, the girls completed an artistic and creative task and prepared a musical and literary composition “and the bell ringing rushes over the earth”

Literary and musical composition

"And the bell ringing rushes over the earth"

The temple is an image of a transformed world, created according to the laws of beauty and harmony.

There is beauty indescribable, bright,

The one that is not called a saint for nothing ...

Quietly the cherished secret will be revealed.

Russia will remain a white swan in the heart.

A blessed sleep, a joy that has come true -

An hour of contemplation, given by God,

As if miraculously descended from heaven -

With a soundless song - The white-stone temple ...

Extraordinary, attractive. beautiful and unusual is the appearance of the temple, being away from it, we hear the ringing of its bells.

How quietly blows over the valley

Distant bell ringing

Like noise from a flock of cranes, -

And in the sonorous leaves he froze ...

Only in one country of the world - in Russia - does bell music live. Only in Russia did the bell ringing become national art: entered the music, reflected in literature, painting.

Bell tower

in the middle of the sky

Among the fire-faced

Bow with your pure ringing,

From the bell tower of Ivan the Great

I see all Orthodox Russia...

Since ancient times, bells in Russia have invariably accompanied holidays and celebrations, informing people about important events,

They convened people at a veche, showed the way to travelers who got lost in bad weather, and on days tragic for the Fatherland called for the defense of the motherland.

(A poem plays in the background of music.)

When the bells solemnly sound

Or a sensitive ear will hear their distant ringing,

Involuntarily embraced by a sad thought,

Like a funeral song

fun sounds I listen sadly,

And my soul is full of secret murmurings.

The bell is the only one musical instrument in Orthodox church. And although in the 4th-5th centuries from Orthodox tradition instrumental music left, and the church fathers preferred the human voice, considering it the most perfect instrument, the bells remained.

Dozing bell

Woke up the fields

smiled at the sun

Sleepy land.

Blows rushed

To blue skies

loudly heard

Hid behind the river

White moon,

came running loudly

Rough wave.

Silent valley drives away sleep.

Somewhere across the road

The call fades.

In Rostov, the belfries of the Assumption Cathedral have survived to this day. Rostov chimes are a wonderful creation of the Russian national epic. Their origin dates back to the 17th century.

The largest bell was cast in 1688 by the Rostov master Frol Terentev. It weighs 2000 pounds, has a velvety sound and beautiful overtones. The sound of this bell was recognized 20 km from the city.

(A poem plays in the background.)

I love the church bell

And again, like a shadow, I will enter a cold temple,

To meet living water there

And go home again with an even gait.

The most famous bell in Russia is, of course, the Tsar Bell. It weighed over 200 tons. During a fire in 1737, the bell collapsed, and a piece weighing 11.5 tons fell off it. Since then, he has been silent forever. And now the Tsar Bell, located on the territory of the Moscow Kremlin, amazes visitors with its size.

Hoot with your mighty tongue

Call with the tremor of a formidable metal

Bells in Russia were treated like living beings, they were given names and nicknames: Gabriel, Howler, Wide, Swan, Bear - depending on the nature of their sound.

Russian craftsmen began casting bells in the 12th and 13th centuries. To do this, a brick “doodle” and a clay mold were built in a huge pit. Nearby, copper was melted in a furnace. Only 5-10 minutes before casting, tin was added to it. Some masters threw silver coins into the melted mass. Several workers, swinging a lever, punched a hole in the melting furnace, from which metal escaped. Flowing down the gutters, he filled out the form. So that intrigues do not damage success evil spirits, before casting, they spread the most ridiculous rumors. It was believed: the more ridiculous the rumors, the louder the bell would be.

In Russia, the poorest church had at least three bells, and on the bell towers of rich churches there were up to 10 or more. The collection of all the bells is called ringing.

Only the middle bells participate in everyday ringing, and it is performed by one ringer. And on holidays, for example, on Easter, everyone was allowed to the bell tower all week long. Ringing bells was a favorite pastime of the Russian people.

In the native fields, the evening quiet ringing, -

I used to love listening to him so much

At an hour, like the rays of an evening sunset

Gilding the evening sky...

Evening ringing... Do not wait for the dawn;

But even in the mists of December

Sometimes he sends me a smile of summer

Chilled dawn...

Evening ringing - the soul of the poet,

Bless this call...

It is not like the cries of the world,

Frightened off my best dream.

Evening ringing ... And in the distance,

Through the rumble of urban anxiety,

You prophesy inspiration to me

Or a grave and peace.

(Painting by Levitan "Evening bells").

Deplorable, mournful, iron sound, invariably monotonous, heavy.

But in the life of the people there are not only sorrowful days, heralded by alarm or wire bells, but also holidays, which are accompanied by red and festive bells.

Sounds the sound of bells.

Thank you girls

5. Lesson summary

Let's summarize our lesson. What was the topic of the lesson? What new did you learn at the lesson today? Were you interested in the lesson?

Thank you for your work, the lesson is over.

Art anticipates the future

The gift of anticipation

Ancient Greek mythology tells of the daughter of the Trojan king, Cassandra, whom Apollo first awarded with the gift of prophecy, and then, when the girl rejected his love, made people stop believing in her. Therefore, when Cassandra, predicting the death of Troy, tried to warn the Trojans about the danger that lurks in a wooden horse, no one believed her. And Troy, as you know, really died. The expression "Cassandra's prophecy" has become allegorical.

The same sometimes happens with works of art and literature. Some of their creators have an amazing gift for predicting the future, but they are rarely believed, despite the fact that their predictions come true.

What helps these people to predict events? Maybe intuition? The ability to make an assumption, to solve a problem without having all the necessary data, which in this case are conjectured? This quality can only be in people with well-developed imaginative thinking.

Since artistic thinking is better than that of other people, it is developed among artists, composers, writers - people whose profession is the creative completion of reality, it is they who most often make amazing predictions that often come true after some time.

Works of art more than once anticipated historical events, scientific discoveries, the development of technical progress, etc. The energy of art awakens the feelings and consciousness of both the authors of works and the people who perceive them.

No less important are works of art in which the authors, keenly feeling their time, foresee it. further development and strive to warn people about social and political dangers, to make them more tolerant, more attentive, kinder and more restrained.

Remember fairy tales folk tales, legends, the characters of which anticipated the phenomena and events of the future.

Explain the concepts: allegory, metaphor, allegory, personification - using the example of works of different types of art known to you.

What knowledge does art provide?

Art helps people to pay attention to what they themselves do not always see in everyday life. It seems to open familiar things and phenomena from a new perspective. It is especially important that art gives people knowledge sometimes imperceptibly unobtrusively.

In the history of mankind, art has more than once discovered knowledge of scientific significance. For example, artist XVIII in. J.-E. Lyotard in the painting "Chocolate Girl" decomposed light according to laws that were still unknown to physics at that time.

19th century French science fiction writer J. Verne in the novel "20 Thousand Leagues Under the Sea" predicted the appearance of a submarine, and a Russian writer of the 20th century. A. Tolstoy in the novel "The Hyperboloid of Engineer Garin" - the appearance of a laser.

The artist V. Kandinsky, having developed a theory of the influence of color on human emotions, came close to solving the problems of modern psychology and art therapy (healing by art).

Many works of literature, cinema, theater, telling about scientific discoveries (for example, the film "Nine Days of One Year" directed by M. Romm, based on the novel "I'm going into a thunderstorm" by D. Granin, etc.), will not teach you how to set up experiments or make experiments. But from them they learn what different people are engaged in science, how the path of research depends on the individuality of the scientist, and how dangerous it is when individuals who are far from its interests penetrate into science.

Scientists who digitized and mathematically calculated the works of the French artist V. van Gogh claim that he had a unique gift to see what mere mortals are not given - air currents. The peculiar, as if chaotically looped manner of writing the artist, as it turned out, is nothing more than a distribution of brightness, corresponding to the mathematical description of a turbulent flow, the theory of which was laid down by the great mathematician A. Kolmogorov only by the middle of the 20th century. Scientists, having explained the phenomenon of turbulence, solve a serious problem in aviation: after all, today it is turbulence that causes many air accidents.

One of the unique guesses about the polyphony of the Universe was the greatest musical creative discovery of the 17th century. - fugue - genre polyphonic music, which was developed in the work of I.-S. Bach. In two and a half centuries, A. Einstein, the creator of the theory of relativity, will say that the Universe is a layer cake, where each layer has its own time and its own density, structure, forms of movement and existence. This is, in fact, an image that brings us closer to understanding the fugue. It is the fugue with its voices entering at different times that represents a certain figurative model of the structure of the Universe.

Predictions in art

Any work of art is directed to the future. In the history of art, one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about an impending social danger: wars, splits, revolutions, etc. The ability to provide is inherent in great artists, perhaps it is precisely in this that the main strength of art lies.

The German painter and graphic artist of the Renaissance Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528) created a series of engravings "Apocalypse" (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the title of one of the ancient church books, which contains prophecies about the end of the world). The artist expressed an alarming expectation of world-historical changes, which really shook Germany after a while. The most significant of this series is the engraving "The Four Horsemen". Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - rush furiously across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. Swirling clouds and horizontal strokes of the background increase the speed of this frenzied gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement.

According to the plot of the Apocalypse, horsemen appear on the ground in turn, but the artist specifically placed them side by side. Everything is like in life - war, pestilence, death, judgment come together. It is believed that the key to this placement of figures is Durer's desire to warn his contemporaries and descendants that, having crushed the wall that the artist erected in the form of the edge of the engraving, the riders will inevitably break into the real world.

Etchings by F. Goya, paintings “Guernica” by P. Picasso, “Bolshevik” by B. Kustodiev, “New Planet” by K. Yuon and many others can be considered examples of predictions by the art of social change and upheaval.

In the painting "Bolshevik" Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev (1878-1927) used a metaphor (hidden meaning), which for many decades was not unraveled. On this example, one can understand how the content of the picture is filled with new meaning, how the era, with its new views, changed value orientations, puts new meanings into the content.

For many years, this picture was interpreted as a solemn hymn to a steadfast, firm spirit, unbending revolutionary, towering over the ordinary world, which he overshadows with a red flag soaring into the sky. Events of the last decade of the twentieth century. made it possible to understand what the artist consciously or, most likely, unconsciously felt at the beginning of the century. Today, this picture, like K. Yuon's "New Planet", is filled with new content. But how the artists of that time managed to feel the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.

In the art of music, an example of this kind of foresight is the piece for orchestra "The Unanswered Question" ("Space Landscape") by the American composer C. Ives (1874-1954). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at a time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of aircraft (K. Tsiolkovsky).

This piece, built on the dialogue of strings and woodwinds, has become a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

The Russian artist Aristarkh Vasilievich Lentulov (1882-1943) sought to express the inner energy of an object in his dynamic compositions. Crushing objects, pushing them against each other, shifting planes and plans, he created the feeling of a world changing at lightning speed. In this restless, shifting, rushing and split space one can guess the familiar outlines of Moscow cathedrals, views of Novgorod, historical events expressed in allegorical form, flowers and even portraits. Lentulov is excited by the bottomless depths of human consciousness, which is in constant motion. He is attracted by the opportunity to convey what is generally indescribable, for example, the spreading sound in the film “Ring. Ivan the Great belltower".

In the paintings "Moscow" and "St. Basil's" unprecedented, fantastic forces shift established forms and concepts, a chaotic mixture of colors conveys kaleidoscopic, fragile images of the city and individual structures that break into countless elements. All this appears before the audience as a moving, shimmering, sounding, emotionally saturated world. The wide use of metaphor helps the artist to turn ordinary things into vivid generalized images.

In Russian musical art, the theme of bells has found a vivid embodiment in the work of various composers of the past and present: (M. Glinka, M. Mussorgsky, S. Rachmaninov, G. Sviridov, V. Gavrilin, A. Petrov, etc.).

Any work of art is directed to the future. In the history of art, one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about an impending social danger: wars, splits, revolutions, etc. The ability to work is inherent in great artists, perhaps it is precisely in this that the main strength of art lies. Any work of art is directed to the future. In the history of art, one can find many examples of artists warning their fellow citizens about an impending social danger: wars, splits, revolutions, etc. The ability to work is inherent in great artists, perhaps it is precisely in this that the main strength of art lies.

Albrecht Dürer The German Renaissance painter and graphic artist Albrecht Dürer () created a series of engravings "Apocalypse" (Greek apokalypsis - revelation - this word serves as the name of one of the ancient books that contains prophecies about the end of the world). The artist expressed an alarming expectation of world-historical changes, which really shook Germany after a while.

Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse The most significant of this series is the engraving "Four Horsemen". Horsemen - Death, Judgment, War, Pestilence - rush furiously across the earth, sparing neither kings nor commoners. Swirling clouds and horizontal strokes of the background increase the speed of this frenzied gallop. But the archer's arrow rests on the right edge of the engraving, as if stopping this movement.

Etchings by F. Goya, paintings "Guernica" by P. Picasso, "Bolshevik" by B. Kustodiev, "New Planet" by K. Yuon and many others can be considered an example of predictions as the art of social change and upheaval. Etchings by F. Goya, paintings "Guernica" by P. Picasso, "Bolshevik" by B. Kustodiev, "New Planet" by K. Yuon and many others can be considered an example of predictions as the art of social change and upheaval.

"Guernica" by Pablo Picasso The reason for the creation of "Guernica" by Pablo Picasso was the bombing of the city of the country of bucks - Guernica. During the Spanish Civil War, on April 26, 1937, the Condor Legion, a volunteer unit of the Luftwaffe, carried out a night raid on Guernica. Painting "Guernica" by P. Picasso Several air bombs were dropped on the city, which caused a permissive fire, as a result of which a significant part of the city was destroyed and, according to various calculations, about a person was injured. The artist showed the brutal face of war, a reflection of that terrible reality in abstract forms, and it is still in our anti-war arsenal. In general, this picture perfectly conveys the tragedy of the heartlessness of people.

Bolshevik. B. Kustodiev In the painting "Bolshevik" Boris Mikhailovich Kustodiev () used a metaphor (hidden meaning), which for many decades has not been unraveled. For many years, this picture was interpreted as a solemn hymn to a steadfast, firm spirit, unbending revolutionary, towering over the ordinary world, which he overshadows with a red flag soaring into the sky. Many events of the last decade of the XX century. made it possible to understand what the artist consciously or, most likely, unconsciously felt at the beginning of the century. Today this picture is filled with new content. But how the artists of that time managed to feel the coming social changes so accurately remains a mystery.

New planet. K. Yuon The new planet is Soviet Russia, the appearance of which shook the universe and moved the luminaries from their paths. Tiny figurines of people thrown to the ground in horror or stretching their arms to the sky flooded with mystical light are called to remind that the fate of one person is insignificant against the backdrop of world cataclysms, one of which Yuon sees as the "October Revolution".

Unanswered Question In the art of music, an example of foresight is the piece for orchestra "The Unanswered Question" ("Space Landscape") by the American composer C. Ives (). It was created at the beginning of the 20th century. - at the time when scientific discoveries were made in the field of space exploration and the creation of aircraft (K. Tsiolkovsky). This piece, built on the dialogue of strings and woodwinds, has become a philosophical reflection on the place and role of man in the Universe.

Aristarkh Vasilyevich Lentulov () Ivan the Great Bell Tower

In the paintings "Moscow" and "St. Basil's" unprecedented, fantastic forces shift established forms and concepts, a chaotic shift of colors is conveyed by kaleidoscopic, fragile images of the city and individual structures that break into countless elements. All this appears before the audience as a moving, shimmering, sounding, emotionally saturated world. The wide use of metaphor helps the artist to turn ordinary things into vivid generalized images.

Lesson plan for 9th grade.

Teacher: Gogoleva E.T.

Topic: Prediction in art

The purpose of the lesson: the formation of students' ideasabout the numerous functions of art, the ability to correlate new sciences with art, the formation of competently express their attitude to works of art.

Tasks: expand students' knowledge about the scientific significance of artistic knowledge on the examples of masterpieces of literature, music, visual arts, educate motivation for learning activities.

Lesson type : a lesson in the assimilation of new knowledge.

Lesson form: teacher's story with elements creative work students.
Technical equipment of the lesson : computer presentation, tests, reproductions of paintings, an excerpt from the film "The Mysterious Journey of J. Verne", a video playing the theremin, "Fuga and Toccata in D Minor" by J.S. Bach.

Lesson plan:

1.Introduction. Emotional mood with the help of an epigraph :

“Art does not achieve its significance when it is limited to what enchants people, without at the same time evoking in them inspiration for everything that makes up the greatness of life” J. Renier

Formulation of the problem:

W: Look at the questions that I propose to you. How are youWithReading, what questions can you already answer, what do you want to know first of all? What will be the topic of our lesson?What questions can you already answer, and what do you want to know? What is our goal today?

Students are introduced to the questions:

What does art help to pay attention to?

What discovery was manifested in the painting "Chocolate Girl" by J.E. Lyotard?

What discovery did the writer Jules Verne predict? And in what novel?

What discovery did the Russian writer predict?XXcentury Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy and in what work?

Who developed the theory of the influence of color on human emotions and came close to solving the problems of modern psychology and art therapy?

Give an example from a movie about scientific discoveries. What is it called? Who is the film director?

How do scientists prove that french artist Did Vincent van Gogh have the unique gift of seeing air currents?

What is the style of painting by the artist Van Gogh?

Which scientific discovery anticipating Van Gogh?

What did you guess German composer Johann Sebastian Bach reflected this in his music, namely in fugues?

Who confirmed this discovery after 250 years?

(Students' answers, determining the topic of the lesson, setting the goal and objectives of the lesson.)

U: So, the topic of our lesson is Prediction in art.

Knowledge update:

Before you start studying new topic our lesson, we need to repeat what we talked about in previous lessons.

Why did the expression "Cassandra's prophecy" become allegorical?

Do predictions happen in art?

What qualities are especially necessary for the ability to predict in art?

What kind of people have such abilities and why?

What did works of art anticipate more than once?

What predictions in works of art are especially important for people?

W: Well done! Summing up what has been said, I will note that foresight can indeed be considered a form of affirmation of spiritual values. Therefore, today we will try to evaluate works of art with you from the position of anticipating the future, reality and fiction.

W: I suggest that everyone work independently with the text of the textbook and find answers to these questions, and 2 people will work with individual tasks.

Independent work students with textbook

Posting new material.

U: Art helps people to pay attention to what they themselves do not always see in everyday life. It seems to open familiar things and phenomena from a new perspective. It is especially important that art gives people knowledge sometimes imperceptibly unobtrusively. What answers did you find in the textbook?

2 .In the history of mankind, art has more than once discovered knowledge of scientific importance. For example, an 18th century artistJ.-E. Lyotard in painting "Chocolate Girl" decomposed light according to laws that were still unknown to physics at that time.

3. French science fiction writer of the 19th century J. Verne in the novel "20 thousand leagues under the sea" predicted the appearance of a submarine,one of the founders of the science fiction genre, predicted flights to the moon at a time when there were no planes, let alone rockets. In many works of the writer there is a protest against the use of science for criminal purposes. So he foresaw this opportunity!

Message about J. Vernet. Viewing an excerpt from the film "The Mysterious Journey of Jean Verne"

4. Artist Wassily Kandinsky, having developed a theory of the influence of color on human emotions, he came close to solving the problems of modern psychology and art therapy (healing by art).
5. Scientists who digitized and mathematically calculated the works of French artist Vincent van Gogh , claim that he had a unique gift to see what mere mortals are not given - air currents. The peculiar, as if chaotically looped manner of writing the artist, as it turned out, is nothing more than a distribution of brightness, corresponding to the mathematical description of a turbulent flow, the theory of which was laid down by the great mathematician A. Kolmogorov only by the middle of the 20th century. Scientists, having explained the phenomenon of turbulence, solve a serious problem in aviation: after all, today it is turbulence that causes many air accidents.

5. One of the unique guesses about the polyphony of the Universe was the greatest musical creative discovery of the 17th century. - fugue- a genre of polyphonic music, which was developed in the work of I.-S. Bach. In two and a half centuries, A. Einstein, the creator of the theory of relativity, will say that the Universe is a layer cake, where each layer has its own time and its own density, structure, forms of movement and existence. This is, in fact, an image that brings us closer to understanding the fugue. It is the fugue with its voices entering at different times that represents a certain figurative model of the structure of the Universe.

Listening to the music of J.-S. Bach Fugue and Toccata in D Minor

U: Of course, for art, the prediction of the future or the discovery of new scientific facts is not main goal, this is just one of its many features. You could say it's a side effect. But it is very indicative for understanding the significance of artistic and figurative thinking in the cultural development of mankind. As is known, cultural development includes technical advances. Much in the history of culture various facts confirming this.

Science and art- these are two areas of activity that accompany the development of mankind throughout its existence.


On the examples of the activities of Leonardo da Vinci, one can understand how inseparably scientific and artistic creativity. The drawing "Vitruvian Man" symbolizes internal symmetry, Divine proportion human body. Two superimposed figures are inscribed in a circle and a square. This drawing determined the canonical proportions of the human image for European art subsequent time. In the XX century. on the basis of this drawing, a scale of proportions was left, which influenced the figurative solutions of modern architecture.

Renaissance genius Leonardo da Vinci already in the 15th century. developed a model aircraft! True, it was never built then, but the drawings were preserved.
The texts of Leonardo da Vinci, with which he accompanies his drawings of the compass and the plow, are amazing: “Persistent perseverance”, “Obstacle does not bend me. Every obstacle is destroyed by perseverance. The one who aspires to the star does not turn around.

Message about Leonardo da Vinci.

Russian writer, Count Alexei Nikolaevich Tolstoy (1882-1945), author of famous historical novels, wrote several equally popular science fiction works. In them, he predicted the appearance of a laser and spacecraft.

Russian engineer Lev Sergeevich Termen (1896-1993) foresaw the modern synthesizer and sound electronic music. In 1920, he invented the theremin - an electric musical instrument on which sound is extracted by moving the performer's hands in an electromagnetic field near a metal antenna. Theremin can sound like a violin, cello, flute. The instrument is designed to perform any (classical, pop, jazz) musical compositions, as well as to create various sound effects (birdsong, whistle, etc.), which are used in film dubbing, in theatrical performances, circus programs. L. Theremin believed that the most successful work for demonstrating the possibilities of the theremin was "Vocalise" by S. Rachmaninov.

Watching a video of playing the theremin.

W: Science fiction not only projected the technical progress of mankind, but also sought to predict the future of man and society.

Summarizing.

W: I. Goethe wrote: “In order for any science to move forward, for its expansion to become more perfect, hypotheses are necessary just as evidence of experience and observation.”

Do you agree with the opinion of I. Goethe?

What predictions surprised you the most?

Give examples of predictions in works of art of future discoveries and achievements of science.

The lesson is over. Thank you for your work.

Lesson #13 Topic: Artist and scientist
Many eminent scientists valued art and admitted that without music, painting, literary creativity they would not have made their discoveries in science. Perhaps it is the emotional upsurge in artistic activity prepared and pushed them to a creative breakthrough in science.

In order to discover the laws of proportion of the golden section for both science and art, the ancient Greek scientists had to be artists in their souls. And indeed it is.

Interested in Pythagoras musical proportions and ratios. Moreover, music was the basis of the entire Pythagorean doctrine of number.For Pythagoras, music was derived from the divine science of mathematics, and its harmonies were tightly controlled by mathematical proportions. The Pythagoreans claimed that mathematics demonstrated the exact method by which God established and established the universe. Numbers therefore precede harmony, since their immutable laws govern all harmonic proportions. After the discovery of these harmonic relationships, Pythagoras gradually initiated his followers into this teaching, as into the highest secret of his Mysteries. He divided the multiple parts of creation into big number planes or spheres, to each of which he assigned tone, harmonic interval, number, name, color and shape. Then he proceeded to prove the accuracy of his deductions, demonstrating them on various planes of mind and substances, starting with the most abstract logical premises and ending with the most concrete geometric bodies. From general fact the consistency of all these various methods evidence, he established the unconditional existence of certain natural laws."

It is known that A. Einstein, in the XX in. who overturned many established scientific ideas, music helped in his work. Playing the violin gave him as much pleasure as work.Close acquaintances describe Einstein as a sociable, friendly, cheerful, witty, with an excellent sense of humor, they note his kindness, willingness to help at any moment, the complete absence captivating human charm .

Einstein had a passion for music, especially compositions. . Over the years, among his preferred composers were , , , and , and in last years - . He played the violin well, with which he never parted. From fiction spoke admiringly of prose , , , plays . Was also fond of , , (even wrote an article about the theory of yacht control). AT privacy was unpretentious, at the end of his life he invariably appeared in his favorite warm sweater.

Despite his colossal scientific authority, he did not suffer from excessive conceit, willingly admitted that he could be wrong, and if this happened, he publicly admitted his error. This happened, for example, in

Many discoveries of scientists have rendered an invaluable service to art.

19th century French physicist Pierre Curie conducted research on the symmetry of crystals. He discovered something interesting and important for science and art: a partial absence of symmetry gives rise to the development of an object, while complete symmetry stabilizes its appearance and state. This phenomenon has been called dissymmetry (not symmetry). Curie's law says:dissymmetry creates a phenomenon.

In the middle of the twentieth century. science has also introduced the concept"antisymmetry ”, i.e. against (opposite) symmetry. If the generally accepted concept"asymmetry" both for science and for art means “not quite exact symmetry”, then antisymmetry is a certain property and its negation, i.e. opposition. In life and in art, these are eternal opposites: good - evil, life - death, left - right, up - down, etc.