A piece of music for Savrasov's painting, rooks have arrived. "The Rooks Have Arrived"

Painting: The Rooks Have Arrived

Date of creation: 1971

Exhibit place: Tretyakov Gallery(Lavrushinsky lane, 10, hall 18)

Description of the picture

The painting by the itinerant artist Alexei Savrasov has become one of the key paintings in Russian painting. This picture is quiet hymn to Russian nature, spring, which is just beginning, spring mood, which is just awakening in us. This picture speaks of spring not directly, but with a hint, a feeling that spring began literally at that moment when we looked at the picture.

Painting variant. A. Savrasov. "Spring. The Rooks Have Arrived". 1872, private collection

The picture is a rather ordinary landscape. We see nature that has not at all departed from its winter sleep, has not been transformed, but is only awakening. At first glance, it seems that the artist painted winter. And, just looking at the details, you understand: this is spring.

Lots of gray and dark paint in the picture emphasizes the mediocrity of the landscape. But this mediocrity is apparent. Firstly, because of the birches, a church with a bell tower is visible, typical of a Russian village in the middle lane.

Secondly, it is worth taking a closer look and we see signs of spring - a huge thaw patch with water on the right side, a ray of sun illuminating the picture from somewhere outside. And we also see something that is impossible to draw, but can be depicted - air. Alexei Savrasov was a great master precisely in the depiction of air, which gave his paintings a feeling, breath, fullness. The picture is filled with air - spring, fresh, warm.

The main detail that confirms the onset of spring is the rooks. They stuck around the birch branches, returned to their old nests, which they left in the autumn. Rooks - migratory birds, since they arrived, it means that spring has definitely begun, there is no doubt about it.

Church in the village of Susanino Kostroma region

Featured location

The sketches for this painting were written in the village of Molvitino, Kostroma province (now the village of Susanino, Kostroma region). It depicts the Resurrection Church, which has survived to this day (now the church houses the Ivan Susanin Museum). The finalization of the painting took place in Moscow, in the artist's studio.

The work was immediately bought by Pavel Tretyakov for his collection. In 1872, Savrasov was first ordered to repeat the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived". Later, Savrasov made several more replicas of the painting.

History of painting

At the end of 1870, inspired by the impressions of a summer trip to the Volga and having received (apparently from Pavel Tretyakov) an order to perform “drawings and paintings of a winter landscape on the Volga”, Savrasov took a vacation until May 1 and left for Yaroslavl with his family for a long time. Having rented a large apartment, for some time they led a happy, “quiet and concentrated” life in an old picturesque city along the Volga.

A.K. Savrasov. Early spring. Thaw 1880s. Astrakhan picture gallery. Astrakhan

The elated state of mind in which the artist was (he wrote to Hertz and Tretyakov about this) was suddenly broken by tragic events: in February, a newborn daughter died (already the third deceased child of the Savrasovs), his wife became seriously ill. The depth of the painter's sorrowful experiences is evidenced by the images of his daughter's grave executed by him at that time at the Yaroslavl cemetery.

And still precisely in the early spring of 1871, under the influence of the “healing expanse”, the beauty of the eternally renewing, resurrecting nature, helping to overcome the suffering, under the brush of Savrasov next to the executed heartache etudes appear preparatory work to the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived”. The first biographer of the artist A. Solmonov, apparently, according to Savrasov himself, wrote in 1894 about the creative ecstasy that gripped the master that spring. This spring inspiration (generally inherent in the artist's soul) was also reflected in the drawings and sketches made in Yaroslavl for the conceived picture.

The final version of the picture. "The Rooks Have Arrived". A.K.Savrasov. Tretyakov Gallery

The scale of the idea, the need for natural impressions led to the continuation of work in the "outback" and Savrasov's trip to the sixty versts from Kostroma the village of Molvitino, where, apparently, one could observe a later, delayed arrival of spring and where new sketches and sketches were made. Then, upon his return to Moscow, the artist introduced new details and finalized the composition already in the studio.

Painting variant. A. Savrasov. "The Rooks Have Arrived". 1879, Nizhny Novgorod State Art Museum. Nizhny Novgorod

The unity of drawing and painting, the state of nature and the structure of feelings, sought by the artist, and at the same time the amazing naturalness and immediacy of expression were achieved in the picture to the fullest. It is no coincidence that the image of a simple, familiar the most typical landscape for Russia and from year to year the repeating state of nature was perceived by sensitive contemporaries as something completely new, as a revelation.

At the end of 1871, the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" first appeared before the public at the first exhibition of the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions. "Rooks" became a discovery in painting.

A. Savrasov. Sketch for a painting. "Landscape with Church and Bell Tower". Early 1870s. Tretyakov Gallery

Indeed, Savrasov's worldview, his works were characterized by a very special musicality. In order to feel it and understand the secret of the charm of his “Rooks ..”, one should take a closer look, for example, at least at the images of tree branches, either joyfully stretching towards the blue spring sky, or sadly frozen and drooping. Sometimes his paintings give us the opportunity to hear the spring hubbub of rooks, the singing of a lark fluttering over the field, the murmur of the first March streams, the murmur of branches under the gusts of wind.

The story of the artist Alexei Savrasov is one of many that confirms the idea that a person must find his true calling. As a teenager, he sold his watercolors to merchants from Moscow, and after that, he entered the school of painting, sculpture and architecture. The work of Venetsianov had a strong influence on the worldview of the painter - the harmony of his canvases touched the soul of Savrasov.

The Moscow Society of Art Lovers provided the talented young man funding for education in Europe. Upon returning home, he turned to motives village life. Before Savrasov, the discreet beauty of nature was considered unworthy of attention - the society of that time idolized Italian views, ruins ancient rome, foreign sunsets and sunrises full of romance. So the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" made a real revolution in the art of that time.

The history of the birth of this canvas is interesting. The village of Molvitino near Kostroma was a large living center with a beautiful church built in early XVIII century. Its bell tower with kokoshniks, which adorned the pointed tent, the small domes of the white temple were among the thousands in the vast tsarist Russia. The legends of the village told that Ivan Susanin was from here.

Savrasov ended up in Molvitino in the spring of 1871 and almost immediately began working on sketches of the outback. The artist loved spring, and on his pencil sketches birch trees, illuminated by the sun, came to life, and music was heard dripping from the roofs of houses, the murmur of the first spring streams.

The painter wanted to depict the Church for a long time. He was looking for a point from which it would be best viewed and one day he stayed there until the evening. Something happened that had to happen sooner or later - the nature of the outskirts, the heady aroma of the March air gave him inspiration. Etude future picture was drawn surprisingly quickly.

"The Rooks Have Arrived". The name itself gives each of us a feeling of spring, the time of the dawn of nature, vital energy and a whole range of incomprehensible, but beautiful and exciting feelings. The picture does not present symbolic images to the essence of the viewer, it is simple and understandable, and therefore, close to every person.

A typical spring day, a bit greyish. The clumsily curved birch trees on the hill were simply covered with rooks. They roar and busily make new nests or renovate old ones. Spring freshness is in the air, and thawed patches of snow reflect the blue sky hidden behind gray clouds. The wooden fences of the houses cannot hide a small church with peeling walls. Its dome only emphasizes the typicality of the Russian village and the breadth of the Russian soul. A little further on, fields are visible, which will soon be plowed, but so far there is still snow on them. Pale purple copses complete the horizon. Somewhere out there, in the distance, the daily course of life flows as usual, and only a light breeze unites it and nature into a single whole.

In the foreground of the canvas is snow. It is dirty and dull, without glare, on it there are only gray shadows of birches, dull and broken. Clouds float across the hazy ash sky. Due to the abundance of gray colors rural landscape at first glance, quite ordinary. However, this is only at the beginning. Bright vibrant colors are brought into it by a bright little church, a thawed patch of water and a ray of light miraculously breaking through. In addition, Savrasov is one of the few artists who knew how to depict the air. The canvas breathes, it is filled with the freshness of spring and its warm breath, this emphasizes the unusual lighting. The foreground of the picture is written in such a way that birch trees, snow and noisy rooks are depicted against the light. Thus, the picture seems to be filled with muted colors, which only emphasizes the inevitability of the coming spring.

The morning of the year is the main here actor, it is harmonious in the whole picture. The painter managed to depict not just a static landscape, but to capture the elusive phenomena of nature, creating an amazing feeling of life. Energy unites everything - birds, melted snow, smoke from chimneys in huts, their invisible inhabitants, church domes. There is movement in the picture, which is already evident in its title - “The Rooks Have Arrived”, the birds fly over the nests, the birch trees seem to be alive, they reach for the sky. The author achieves incredible sound effects - you can already hear the restless messengers of spring roaring, how water murmurs and drops fall from the roofs of the huts, that is, you feel this charm of spring mood.

Now the paintings on the spring theme are so replicated that they dazzle in the eyes. Some artists earn their living by painting a series of canvases of the spring cycle once a year. However, in 1871, when this picture appeared before the eyes of the public at an exhibition in St. Petersburg, she had no equal. It was a revolution, a new vision of the world that could fit on a small canvas (the catalogs call it "oil on canvas, 62 cm high and 48.5 wide"). The majestic landscapes of Shishkin, Kuindzhi, Kramskoy and Perov were no longer relevant. The modest rustic look has surpassed the classics, and today this picture is wildly popular. Pyotr Tretyakov immediately purchased the painting, and a year later Savrasov received an order to repeat the work. Since then, the artist has made more than 10 replicas of the painting - everyone wanted to have a piece of spring in their home.

Interestingly, in 1997 central bank Russia issued a two-ruble coin, which depicts a portrait of the artist and a fragment from his Rooks. This banknote was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the death of the author of this picture. Another no less striking fact is that the same Molvitin church from Savrasov’s canvas now houses the Ivan Susanin Museum.

No one, even the artist himself, was able to repeat the success and style of the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived”. The canvas is the product of his momentary impulse, inspiration, reinforced true talent, and inspiration, as you know, is a special feeling.

In Russian folklore, there is a saying that a rook can peck at winter - this is how the meeting of spring begins. Savrasov's canvas is striking in that the author conveyed not only the transformation of all living things, but also the renewal inner peace a person who lives in harmony with nature.

Artist Alexei Savrasov created this wonderful work of art in 1871. This date at that time coincided with the opening of the society traveling exhibitions where the artist took an active part for many years.

Painting Rooks have arrived, to this day is considered one of the most notable creations of Alexei Savrasov, Etudes and quick sketches for this canvas were created by Savrasov in the current village of Susanino, in the Kostrma region. True, then this settlement was called differently Molvitino, renamed the restless Soviet times in 1939. Of course, when the picture was created, Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov could not fail to notice it, who immediately bought this exhibit of the exhibition. This purchase was not the first, before well-known philanthropist bought from Savrasov 3 works he liked.

For some time, a picture with rooks was shown in the Moscow Society of Amateurs visual arts. and even for some time her popularity was blocked by the works of such famous colleagues as Ivan Shishkin and Arkhip Kuindzhi.

A little later, the painting was demonstrated in capital St. Petersburg, immigrating from one exhibition to the next. After all these traveling exhibitions, this masterpiece is again returned to its owner, philanthropist Tretyakov, in whose house similar exhibits adorn his living rooms and offices. The gallery itself, which will gather the entire main collection, will be built a little later. The success of this work was, of course, unexpected, repeated orders poured in, of which there were several.

Outside, spring is in full swing. The blue sky is covered with clouds with soft rays of the sun breaking through them, forcing the trees to cast their shadows on the March melting snow. The frail winding birch trees frozen over the winter with the rooks that have just invaded them, having arrived at home, are anxiously engaged in weaving their nests from twigs and thereby emphasize the spring way of life in the picture.

The rooks flew in quite familiar to our perception, Immediately mentally comes to mind the impression of familiar places that I have only recently visited and seen a great many times. Behind our beloved Russian birch trees and the rooks that immigrated from the south, one can see a wooden fence, simple peasant huts and, as an adornment of any village, a pretty church, with a dilapidated facade familiar to us all and a bell tower roof that has not been groomed for a long time.

According to the opinion of idle art critics everywhere, the church that the artist painted was called the Resurrection Church, which can still be seen today, though church services have not been conducted there for a long time, and in this institution there is a museum of Ivan Susanin. Closer to the horizon, the artist showed arable land, in places with dirty snow that had not melted and thawed patches. A familiar picture, despite the fact that today is the 21st century, a similar landscape can be seen today in various neighborhoods of the immense Mother Russia.

Today, the painting with Savrasov's rooks in the original can be seen in the halls of the Tretyakov Gallery in Moscow. Her size is 62 by 48.5 cm

Preparation for an essay based on the painting by A. K. Savrasov “The Rooks Have Arrived”

Based on the materials of the teacher: Demidovich Svetlana Vyacheslavovna

Savrasov chose unpretentious places for his landscapes and tried to find in the most simple and ordinary those intimate, deeply touching, often sad features that are so strongly felt in our native landscape and so irresistibly affect the soul ...

History of the painting

A. K. Savrasov was one of the founders of the Russian landscape painting. In 1850 he graduated from the School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture and received the title of artist. In 1854 he painted "Landscape in the vicinity of Oranienbaum". The canvas was executed with such skill and sincere feeling that the Imperial Academy of Arts awarded Savrasov honorary title academician of painting.

In 1871, the artist creates one of his best works, The Rooks Have Arrived. When you look at the picture, it seems that it was painted from nature. But this is not so, the picture was the result long work the artist on the sketch.

In 1871, even before the arrival of spring, Savrasov left the city. And here he is on the Volga, in Kostroma. He always liked this ancient Russian city. In the center there is a high tower and stone rows for any kind of trade. And behind them, along the hillocks, along the ravines, gray from time to time, wooden Kostroma is molded. Quiet here after Moscow, and so easy, so free to breathe.

Deep snow was still lying on all the streets, leveling the ravines in a thick layer when the artist arrived in the city. Having found a peasant he knew in the bazaar, he sat comfortably on a sledge, put a box of paints and canvases under his head, wrapped himself in a heavy sheepskin coat and drove to the village - towards spring, nature.

The artist rented a room on the mezzanine of a large village house. But the first days, even weeks, the work did not go well. Savrasov stood at the window for a long time, looking at the miserable, snow-covered huts, at the dilapidated stone church, at the gloomy sky and the knotty bare birch trees with black rook nests, and nothing in this landscape touched the artist’s heart. He put on boots, walked for a long time along the road turned brown from manure, looked closely, listened, but did not feel the spring.

But spring came, as it always does, unexpectedly, immediately. One morning the artist was awakened by restless bird cries. He looked out the window and laughed: the sky was blue outside the window. Savrasov flung open the window sashes. A sharp cold broke into the room, but the artist did not notice anything. Here it is! It has begun!.. A timid ray of sun laid blue shadows across the snow, the snow became loose, porous, like cotton wool, the first puddles shone like small mirrors. But most importantly, the birds! With a jubilant piercing cry, in flocks and alone, they circled in the transparent spring air. The dull black nests came to life: long-awaited guests who had arrived from across the sea fussed around them.

Grabbing the palette, without slamming the window, the artist began to settle down on the windowsill with his work.

- The Rooks Have Arrived! The Rooks Have Arrived! he sang, sketching trees, blackened huts, a small church on the canvas. Yesterday everything around was sad and gloomy, but now ... Spring has come!

The painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" was shown at the 1st traveling exhibition, and it was greeted with enthusiasm. In it, simple and outwardly unsophisticated, with such piercing power, the lyrical feeling inherent in the people was embodied that it was almost immediately perceived as the personification of Russian nature, rural Russia: a pond and birch trees, wooden houses, a church and darkened spring la - everything is inhabited, warmed by the warmth of the heart. Before leaving the exhibition, many viewers again and again approached Savrasov's painting. She seemed to breathe the awakening of nature. Pavel Tretyakov immediately purchased the artist's painting for his gallery, and this was evidence of the recognition of its importance in national art.

Kramskoy explained why the picture turned out to be better than all the others: other artists also have trees, water and even air, but no more, “and only Rooks has a soul.” And Levitan continued: “What simplicity! But behind this simplicity you feel the soft, good soul of the artist, to whom all this is dear and close!

Examination of the picture, its mood, all the details of the near, medium and distant plans.

On the outskirts of a small village, a hipped bell tower rises. Birch branches, still bare, but already startled, fermented with juices, stretch towards the light blue sky with high clouds. A flock of rooks descends on them with noise and thunder. The ice on the pond has melted, and the snow has lost its purity and splendor - in the pinkish-gold reflection of the oblique rays of the sun, it seems thinner, fragile. It happens before the eyes of the viewer greatest miracle spring is born.

Conversation on the content of the picture.

What mood does the picture evoke in you: sad, sad or joyful?

(Students note all shades of both joyful and sad, slightly sad mood.)

What do we call the picture in which the artist depicted nature? (This is a landscape.)

This is a lyrical Russian landscape. Savrasov was the ancestor of just such a landscape.

Let's try to explain what a lyrical landscape means. Look at card 1 and choose the meaning of the word that helps to define and understand the expression "lyrical landscape".
Lyric is a kind of poetry;
lyrical - poetic, excited, sincere;
lyrical - softly melodious, gentle timbre of voice.

In his painting, Savrasov masterfully conveys the state of nature. This is a kind of story about what happens in nature with the advent of spring. The image of spring nature created by the artist is a lyrical experience of what he saw, somewhat sad, touching, exciting the viewer. List everything you see in the picture. (Gnarled birches dotted with rooks; thawed, gray snow; backyards of the village hidden by fences; an old church.)

Can this landscape be called beautiful? (The landscape is very simple, modest, uncomplicated, unpretentious, but very sincere, evoking a slight sadness. Everything is very ordinary, but shown with some kind of exciting feeling.)

What is the main image in the picture? ( spring nature, rook nests, trees with rooks, rooks, spring.)

How does the artist show us the approach of spring? (Snow melted in the fields, dark brown, moisture-saturated earth was exposed. But not yet bright sun, the azure sky is covered with lead-white clouds, although the edge of the sky is already turning blue.)

What colors prevail in the picture? (Yellow-blue, grayish-brown, yellowish-brown, blue, bluish-gray.)

The artist builds the overall light color of the painting on modest, muted juxtapositions of slightly chilly shades of bluish-gray sky, water, snow with gray-brown tones of thawed earth, branches and tree trunks, and a fence. And such transitions give the picture vitality and truthfulness.

What immediately captures the viewer's eye? (Trees with a dense network of branches, with numerous rook nests.)

Savrasov sought, first of all, to show what surrounds a person in everyday life and what makes one believe in the reality of the image.

Savrasov is not looking for either romantic or outstandingly beautiful landscapes - and unpretentious rural landscape and a wretched village hut are seen by him full of poetry and charm. And people, standing at his canvases, seem to rediscover the beauty of their land: the grandeur of mossy boulders, piled up on the shore of the bay; the grace of a thin aspen bent over a ravine; the tenderness of the glowing pink sky, reflected in the water in countless shades. (see pictures)

He liked to paint the tops of the trees, as if floating across the sky along with the clouds, shady clear water, quiet rivers, calm forests, even light of the sun. He carefully peered into the complex coloring of the stones, half-covered with velvety moss, into the variety of forms of tree leaves. I watched the greenery turn pale and fade in the shade, how it sparkles and flashes, illuminated by rays breaking through the clouds.

The teacher asks to pay attention to how the artist carefully painted each twig not only on the tree, but also on the snow, on the ground, with what love he showed in the foreground a rook in the snow with a twig in its beak. And all this is vital and truthful, does not leave the viewer indifferent.

What do you see in the background? (A village, endless distances, open spaces, the breadth of the Russian land.)

The artist does not write out the village and the fields in very detail. Why? (He wants nothing to distract our attention from the rooks, because they are the most important thing in the picture.)

Let's try to determine the features of the composition of the picture. Indeed, the main thing in the picture is the rooks. They immediately attract the eye. And nothing distracts our attention from the rooks. The slender silhouette of the church is hidden behind the trees. The horizon line, as it were, is close to the average plan, in order to clearly distinguish trees with rooks against the sky. The sky occupies most pictures, and gnarled trees go high up. Yes, and everything here is directed upwards. Using such compositional technique, the artist, as it were, gives us the opportunity to better see the arrival of the rooks, their appearance in their native places. It seems to us that the artist is somewhere nearby. Where can he be, where does he come from
watching the rooks? (Somewhere nearby in the left corner, maybe in the attic big house or on the mezzanine by the open window.)

What do you feel when you look at the picture? (Light breeze, smell of thawed earth, gentle spring sun, freshness of spring air.)

What sounds can be heard? (Bird calls, hubbub, noise, flapping of wings, murmur of water flowing into the pond.)

What, in your opinion, was dear to the artist himself in this picture? (Rooks. They delighted the artist with their arrival. The artist felt the joy of the arrival of birds that returned to their homeland. Here is depicted a not very catchy corner of Russia, but
for rooks, it is the most expensive. This is their homeland, and they will breed their offspring only here.)

Working on the picture, Savrasov wanted to show not only the awakening of nature, but also the love and loyalty of these birds to their homeland. The feeling of love for the motherland was inherent in the artist himself. Everything that Savrasov wrote was always and certainly connected with Russia: not just the life of nature - the life of Russian nature; not just quiet rivers - Russian leisurely rivers. Huge, indestructible, my, to the pain of the heart was his love for his country. To every ravine half washed out by water, to every bush splashed with rain. In Russian nature for him there was and could not be anything ugly, insignificant, unworthy of artistic attention. Everything personified silence, purity, unobtrusive kindness and sincerity. (see pictures)

- Try to describe the rooks, what are they like? Children work with cards of antonyms.

- Card number 2

words from the card characterizing rooks

Peaceful - pugnacious, joyful - sad, calm - noisy, noisy - meek, calm - fussy, happy - sad, careless - hardworking.

Card number 3

Lightened snow melts. The slender trees seemed to lean from the weight of the rook nests. The sky is covered with blue clouds. Pure water flows into the pond.

Drawing up an essay plan.

We draw up several options for the plan. For example,

1st option:

a) The artist and his painting.

b) The awakening of spring.

c) Rooks are the main characters of the picture.

G) Visual means paintings.

e) Attitude to the picture.

Option 2

a) The history of the painting.

b) The mood that the picture evokes.

c) What helps create this mood?

d) My perception of the picture.

On the outskirts of a small village rises a small hipped bell tower. Birch branches, still bare, but already fermented with juices, stretch towards the light blue sky with high clouds. A flock of rooks descends on them with noise and thunder. The ice on the pond has melted, and the snow has already lost its winter purity and splendor. Before the eyes of the audience, the greatest miracle of the birth of spring took place. "The Rooks Have Arrived" called his picture Alexei Kondratievich Savrasov, and the title already contains a certain attitude of the artist to nature. The painting, familiar to everyone since childhood, now seems to be one of the symbols of the Russian landscape, constantly loved by the people with true and devoted love. In it, so simple and outwardly unsophisticated, the lyrical feeling characteristic of a Russian person was piercingly embodied, therefore the picture was immediately perceived as the personification of Russian nature, all of rural Russia. The pond and the birches, the village houses and the little church, the darkened spring fields - everything is inhabited and warmed by the warmth of the heart.

Isaac Levitan spoke of the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" in this way: "The outskirts of a provincial town, an old church, a rickety fence, melting snow and in the foreground several birch trees on which the arrived rooks sat - and only ... What simplicity! But behind this simplicity you feel the soft, good soul of the artist, to whom all this is dear and close to his heart.

A. Savrasov wrote the initial sketches for the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" in the village of Molvitino, located near Kostroma. It was a fairly large village with an old church on the outskirts. The church was built in late XVIII century. A bell tower with kokoshniks at the base of a pointed tent, a white temple with five small domes. Huts darkened by time, cross courtyards, trees with wet trunks, long icicles hanging from the roofs ... How many such villages were in Russia! True, they say that Ivan Susanin came from these places.

A.K. Savrasov arrived in Molvitino in March 1871, where he worked a lot and fruitfully on sketches from nature, so that not a single trifle escaped his gaze. Already in the first sketches, the thin, quivering trunks of birches stretched towards the sun, the earth woke up from hibernation. Everything came to life with the onset of spring - the artist's favorite season.

These initial sketches were made by A. Savrasov in a single color key. Nature on them lives its own inner life, obeys its own laws. The artist wants to unravel the secrets of her life. One day he came to the outskirts of the village to look closely at this ancient church. He came for a short time, and so he stayed until the evening. That feeling of spring that he lived last days, breathing in the intoxicating March air, here - near the outskirts of an ordinary Russian village - acquired "special strength and charm. He saw what he wanted to see and what he vaguely hoped for. The artist opened the sketchbook and began to draw quickly, with inspiration, forgetting about everything in the world.

At first, A. Savrasov rejects option after option, until he finally finds that characteristic landscape motif, which formed the basis of the canvas. True, the history of the creation of this famous painting has still not been fully elucidated, even preparatory materials to it (sketches, drawings, sketches) have not been fully identified. A. Solomonov, the artist's biographer, even during the life of A. Savrasov, claimed that the painting was executed on the same day: "Having started the painting early in the morning, the artist finished it by evening. He painted it without stopping, as if in ecstasy ... amazed in the morning, a vivid impression of spring, yesterday as if it had not yet come, but today it has already descended to the earth and embraced all nature with its enlivening embrace. Truth, soviet artist Igor Grabar claimed that this small landscape was painted by A. Savrasov later, already in Moscow. Comparing the two sketches that have come down to us with the painting itself, he suggested that the last sketch for the painting was made by the artist from memory: “You can’t write like that from nature. memory".

Here is such Short story writing the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived", which was first shown in Moscow at the exhibition of the Society of Art Lovers in 1871. And the fame of the painting began a little later, when it was exhibited in St. Petersburg at the exhibition of the Association of the Wanderers. Despite the fact that A. Savrasov's painting was shown surrounded by other landscapes, it immediately attracted everyone's attention. A small landscape evoked exciting feelings in the souls of the audience, revealing in a new way the beauty and poetry of modest Russian nature - the very one about which the writer K. Paustovsky said: "I would not give all the delights of Naples for a willow bush wet from the rain on the banks of the Vyatka."

Together with this canvas, Russian painting included a plot long familiar to the inhabitants of Russian villages and villages, reminding them of the imminent arrival of spring. This alone put the content of the picture in the circle of folk themes close to A. Savrasov. And yet, with the appearance of "Rooks", something new was unexpectedly revealed to contemporaries, already speaking in a completely different way about a familiar phenomenon.

It is as if life is still going on around, and in the midst of this life - in a wasteland fenced off - a great miracle of the quiet awakening of nature from winter sleep is taking place. The amazing spring light that filled the whole picture and illuminated it in different ways slightly gilded the snowy hillock near the fence and the fence itself. Puddles of melted snow opened the ground, reflected the silhouettes of trees, shadows from young birch trees fell on the darkened snow, a dense cloud lit up with a pinkish-golden light, and thawed patches were exposed in the foreseeable distances.

In such a modest, but captivating look, spring appeared before A. Savrasov, so it is forever captured in his picture - with his eternal theme life renewal. Everything seemed so ordinary, simpler than simple, and yet the viewer was excited by the beauty of the painting and the harmony of the light system. This was the only work at the exhibition in which I. Kramskoy (with his exceptional sensitivity to this kind of painting) discovered something new. Not without reason, in a letter to F. Vasiliev, he noted that there were landscapes at the exhibition with nature, air, and trees, "and there is soul only in Rooks."

Spring is the most favorite time year of Alexei Kondratievich. That is why he created so many spring landscapes. They are very in tune with the works of Russian composers. The famous Russian composer Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky has a wonderful work "The Seasons". Let's listen to a fragment of this work, which is called "March", look at the beautiful spring landscapes of A.K. Savrasov and try to feel the mood with which these wonderful people created their masterpieces .

Reading a picture.

You should write down the words you like, phrases that can be used in the essay.

We call this painting a landscape, because it depicts nature.

The picture is dominated by blue, gray-blue, yellowish, grayish-brown colors, calm, non-flashy shades.

The picture evokes a feeling of joyful sadness, calmness and peace, awakens from silence, inspires hope in changes with the arrival of birds. ?

In the picture you can see: rooks, nests, church, field, sky, birch trees, old houses, snow, pond.

The picture is permeated with sounds: the cries of birds, the sound of rooks, the noise of birch crowns, the murmur of melt water flowing into the pond.

In the foreground of the picture are birch trees with rook nests, rooks.

These birds are the first heralds of spring. They brought on their black wings a warm fresh wind, joyful fuss, new hopes. Rooks returned to their homeland - to their nests. They sat on the trees and incessantly repeat their joyful news about the approach of spring. They are busy repairing old nests, building new ones.

Feel the movement of spring help: rooks that fly over the nests.

The artist carefully painted the birch branches as if startled, revived by the noise of birds. They seem to reach for the sky, despite the severity of the nests.

Alexei Kondratievich gave great importance small details, registered not only every branch on the tree, but also those branches that are on the snow, on the ground. Here we also see an industrious rook with a twig in its beak. It seems that he is about to take off and continue his hard work.

The snow has not yet melted, it has turned gray, timid soft shadows fall on it from birch trees.

In the background of the picture, behind the birches are depicted: a village, an old church, endless meadows and fields.

The foreground gets its natural continuation in the background, opening up behind the village on the right and left. The artist perfectly expresses the length of the fields: under the oblique rays of the dim sun on black earth Narrow layers of snow that has not yet melted stand out in places. These create the impression of a huge space captured on the canvas.

The sky is still low, faded, with gray-blue clouds, light blue at the top and covered with a dark stripe on the horizon. In some places, soft rays of the sun break through the ragged gaps of low clouds.

The picture is saturated with clean air. The picture is filled with fresh spring air. This is conveyed with soft colors, discreet, light, transparent tones, clarity of the image of all the details of the picture.

The spring air is transparent and light.

The intention of the artist. Alexey Savrasov in his work tried to convey ...

The story of the artist A. Savrasov is one of many that confirm the idea that a person must find his true calling. As a teenager, he sold his watercolors to merchants from Moscow, and after that, he entered the school of painting, sculpture and architecture. The work of Venetsianov had a strong influence on the worldview of the painter - the harmony of his canvases touched the soul of Savrasov.

The Moscow Society of Art Lovers provided the talented young man with funds to study in Europe. Upon returning home, he turned to the motives of village life. Before Savrasov, the discreet beauty of nature was considered unworthy of attention - the society of that time idolized Italian views, the ruins of Ancient Rome, foreign sunsets and sunrises full of romance. So the painting "The Rooks Have Arrived" made a real revolution in the art of that time.

The history of the birth of this canvas is interesting. The village of Molvitino near Kostroma was a large living center with a beautiful church built at the beginning of the 18th century. Its belfry with kokoshniks, which adorned the pointed tent, the small domes of the white temple were one of the thousands in the expanses of tsarist Russia. The legends of the village told that Ivan Susanin was from here.

Savrasov ended up in Molvitino in the spring of 1871 and almost immediately began working on sketches of the outback. The artist loved spring, and on his pencil sketches birch trees, illuminated by the sun, came to life, and music was heard dripping from the roofs of houses, the murmur of the first spring streams.

The painter wanted to depict the Church for a long time. He was looking for a point from which it would be best viewed and one day he stayed there until the evening. Something happened that had to happen sooner or later - the nature of the outskirts, the heady aroma of the March air gave him inspiration. The sketch of the future picture was drawn surprisingly quickly.

"The Rooks Have Arrived". The name itself gives each of us a feeling of spring, the time of the dawn of nature, vitality and a whole range of incomprehensible, but beautiful and exciting feelings. The picture does not present symbolic images to the essence of the viewer, it is simple and understandable, and therefore, close to every person.

A typical spring day, a bit greyish. The clumsily curved birch trees on the hill were simply covered with rooks. They roar and busily make new nests or renovate old ones. Spring freshness is in the air, and thawed patches of snow reflect the blue sky hidden behind gray clouds. The wooden fences of the houses cannot hide a small church with peeling walls. Its dome only emphasizes the typicality of the Russian village and the breadth of the Russian soul. A little further on, fields are visible, which will soon be plowed, but so far there is still snow on them. Pale purple copses complete the horizon. Somewhere out there, in the distance, the daily course of life flows as usual, and only a light breeze unites it and nature into a single whole.

In the foreground of the canvas is snow. It is dirty and dull, without glare, on it there are only gray shadows of birches, dull and broken. Clouds float across the hazy ash sky. Due to the abundance of gray colors, the rural landscape at first glance is rather ordinary. However, this is only at the beginning. Bright vibrant colors are brought into it by a bright little church, a thawed patch of water and a ray of light miraculously breaking through. In addition, Savrasov is one of the few artists who knew how to depict the air. The canvas breathes, it is filled with the freshness of spring and its warm breath, this emphasizes the unusual lighting. The foreground of the picture is written in such a way that birch trees, snow and noisy rooks are depicted against the light. Thus, the picture seems to be filled with muted colors, which only emphasizes the inevitability of the coming spring.

The morning of the year is the main character here, it is harmonious in the whole picture. The painter managed to depict not just a static landscape, but to capture the elusive phenomena of nature, creating an amazing feeling of life. Energy unites everything - birds, melted snow, smoke from chimneys in huts, their invisible inhabitants, church domes. There is movement in the picture, which is already evident in its title - “The Rooks Have Arrived”, the birds fly over the nests, the birch trees seem to be alive, they reach for the sky. The author achieves incredible sound effects - you can already hear the restless messengers of spring roaring, how water murmurs and drops fall from the roofs of the huts, that is, you feel this charm of spring mood.

Now the paintings on the spring theme are so replicated that they dazzle in the eyes. Some artists earn their living by painting a series of canvases of the spring cycle once a year. However, in 1871, when this picture appeared before the eyes of the public at an exhibition in St. Petersburg, she had no equal. It was a revolution, a new vision of the world that could fit on a small canvas (the catalogs call it "oil on canvas, 62 cm high and 48.5 wide"). The majestic landscapes of Shishkin, Kuindzhi, Kramskoy and Perov were no longer relevant. The modest rustic look has surpassed the classics, and today this picture is wildly popular. Pyotr Tretyakov immediately purchased the painting, and a year later Savrasov received an order to repeat the work. Since then, the artist has made more than 10 replicas of the painting - everyone wanted to have a piece of spring in their home.

Interestingly, in 1997 the Central Bank of Russia issued a two-ruble coin, which depicts a portrait of the artist and a fragment from his Rooks. This banknote was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the death of the author of this picture. Another no less striking fact is that the same Molvitin church from Savrasov’s canvas now houses the Ivan Susanin Museum.

No one, even the artist himself, was able to repeat the success and style of the painting “The Rooks Have Arrived”. The canvas is the product of his momentary impulse, inspiration, backed up by true talent, and inspiration, as you know, is a special feeling.

In Russian folklore, there is a saying that a rook can peck at winter - this is how the meeting of spring begins. Savrasovsky canvas is striking in that the author conveyed not only the transformation of all living things, but also the renewal of the inner world of a person who lives in unity with nature.