Popular classical composers. The most famous composers of the world: a list of names, a brief overview of the works

The concept of "composer" first appeared in the 16th century in Italy, and since then it has been used to refer to a person who composes music.

19th century composers

In the 19th century the Viennese music school represented by such an outstanding composer as Franz Peter Schubert. He continued the tradition of romanticism and influenced a whole generation of composers. Schubert created over 600 German romances, taking the genre to a new level.

Franz Peter Schubert

Another Austrian, Johann Strauss, became famous for his operettas and light musical dance forms. It was he who made the waltz the most popular dance in Vienna, where balls are still held. In addition, his legacy includes polkas, quadrilles, ballets and operettas.

Johann Strauss

A prominent representative of modernism in the music of the late 19th century was the German Richard Wagner. His operas have not lost their relevance and popularity to this day.

Giuseppe Verdi

You can contrast Wagner with a majestic figure Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi, who remained true to opera traditions and gave Italian opera new breath.

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Among the Russian composers of the 19th century, the name of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky stands out. He is characterized by a unique style that combines European symphonic traditions with Glinka's Russian heritage.

Composers of the 20th century

Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov

One of the brightest composers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries is rightfully considered Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov. His musical style was based on the traditions of romanticism and existed in parallel with the avant-garde movements. It was for his individuality and the absence of analogues that his work was highly appreciated by critics around the world.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

The second most famous composer of the 20th century is Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky. Russian by origin, he emigrated to France, and then to the USA, where he showed his talent in full force. Stravinsky is an innovator, not afraid to experiment with rhythms and styles. In his work, the influence of Russian traditions, elements of various avant-garde movements and unique individual handwriting, for which he is called "Picasso in music".

Classical composers are known all over the world. Each name of a musical genius is a unique individuality in the history of culture.

What is classical music

Classical music - enchanting melodies created by talented authors, who are rightly called classical composers. Their works are unique and will always be in demand by performers and listeners. Classical, on the one hand, it is customary to call strict, deep-seated music that is not related to the directions: rock, jazz, folk, pop, chanson, etc. On the other hand, in historical development music is the period of the late XIII - early XX century, called classicism.

Classical themes are distinguished by sublime intonation, sophistication, a variety of shades and harmony. They have a positive effect on the emotional worldview of adults and children.

Stages of development of classical music. Their brief description and main representatives

In the history of the development of classical music, stages can be distinguished:

• Renaissance or Renaissance - early 14th - last quarter of the 16th century. In Spain and England, the Renaissance lasted until the early 17th century.
• Baroque - came to replace the Renaissance and lasted until the beginning of the 18th century. Spain was the center of style.
• Classicism - a period of development European culture from the beginning of the 18th to the beginning of the 19th century.
• Romanticism is a direction opposite to classicism. It lasted until the middle of the 19th century.
• Classics of the 20th century - the modern era.

Brief description and main representatives of cultural periods

1. Renaissance - a long period of development of all areas of culture. - Thomas Tullis, Giovanni da Palestina, T. L. de Victoria composed and left immortal creations to posterity.

2. Baroque - in this era, new musical forms appear: polyphony, opera. It was during this period that Bach, Handel, Vivaldi created their famous creations. Bach's fugues are built in accordance with the requirements of classicism: obligatory observance of the canons.

3. Classicism. who created their immortal creations in the era of classicism: Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven. Sonata form appears, the composition of the orchestra increases. and Haydn differ from the ponderous works of Bach by their uncomplicated construction and the elegance of their melodies. It was still a classic, striving for perfection. Beethoven's compositions are the verge of contact between romantic and classic styles. In the music of L. van Beethoven, there is more sensuality and ardor than rational canonicity. Such important genres like symphony, sonata, suite, opera. Beethoven gave rise to the Romantic period.

4. Romanticism. Musical works are characterized by color and drama. Various song genres like ballads. Piano compositions by Liszt and Chopin received recognition. The traditions of romanticism were inherited by Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Schubert.

5. Classics of the 20th century - characterized by the authors' desire for innovation in melodies, the terms aleatoric, atonalism arose. The works of Stravinsky, Rachmaninov, Glass are referred to the classical format.

Russian classical composers

Tchaikovsky P.I. - Russian composer musical critic, public figure, teacher, conductor. His compositions are the most performed. They are sincere, easily perceived, reflect the poetic identity of the Russian soul, picturesque paintings Russian nature. The composer created 6 ballets, 10 operas, more than a hundred romances, 6 symphonies. World famous ballet " Swan Lake”, opera “Eugene Onegin”, “Children's Album”.

Rachmaninov S.V. - the works of the outstanding composer are emotional and cheerful, and some of them are dramatic in content. Their genres are diverse: from small plays to concerts and operas. The generally recognized works of the author: operas " Miserly knight”, “Aleko” based on Pushkin’s poem “Gypsies”, “Francesca da Rimini” based on a plot borrowed from Dante’s “Divine Comedy”, the poem “The Bells”; suite "Symphonic dances"; piano concertos; vocalise for voice with piano accompaniment.

Borodin A.P. was a composer, teacher, chemist, doctor. The most significant creation is the opera "Prince Igor" by historical work"The Tale of Igor's Campaign", which was written by the author for almost 18 years. During his lifetime, Borodin did not have time to finish it; after his death, A. Glazunov and N. Rimsky-Korsakov completed the opera. The great composer is the founder of classical quartets and symphonies in Russia. The "Bogatyr" symphony is considered the crowning achievement of world and Russian national-heroic symphony. The instrumental chamber quartets, the First and Second Quartets were recognized as outstanding. One of the first to introduce heroic figures from ancient Russian literature into romances.

Great musicians

M. P. Mussorgsky, who can be said to be a great realist composer, a bold innovator, touching on acute social problems, an excellent pianist and an excellent vocalist. The most significant musical works are the operas "Boris Godunov" by dramatic work A.S. Pushkin and "Khovanshchina" - a folk-musical drama, the main character of these operas is the rebellious people from different social strata; creative cycle "Pictures at an Exhibition", inspired by the works of Hartmann.

Glinka M.I. - famous Russian composer, founder classical direction in Russian musical culture. He completed the procedure for creating a school of Russian composers, based on the value of folk and professional music. The master's works are imbued with love for the Fatherland, reflect the ideological orientation of the people of that historical era. The world-famous folk drama "Ivan Susanin" and the fairy-tale opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila" have become new trends in Russian opera. The symphonic works "Kamarinskaya" and "Spanish Overture" by Glinka are the foundations of Russian symphony.

Rimsky-Korsakov N.A. is a talented Russian composer, naval officer, teacher, publicist. Two currents can be traced in his work: historical (“ royal bride”, “Pskovityanka”) and fabulous (“Sadko”, “Snow Maiden”, suite “Scheherazade”). Distinctive feature composer's works: originality based on classical values, homophony in harmonic construction early writings. His compositions have an author's style: original orchestral solutions with unusually constructed vocal scores, which are the main ones.

Russian classical composers tried to reflect in their works the cognitive thinking and folklore characteristic of the nation.

European culture

Famous classical composers Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven lived in the capital of musical culture of that time - Vienna. Genius combines masterful performance, excellent compositional solutions, the use of different musical styles: from folk melodies to polyphonic developments of musical themes. The great classics are characterized by a comprehensive creative mental activity, competence, clarity in the construction of musical forms. In their works, intellect and emotions, tragic and comic components, ease and prudence are organically linked together.

Beethoven and Haydn gravitated towards instrumental compositions, Mozart masterfully managed both operatic and orchestral compositions. Beethoven was an unsurpassed creator of heroic works, Haydn appreciated and successfully used humor, folk-genre types in his work, Mozart was a universal composer.

Mozart - creator of the sonata instrumental form. Beethoven perfected it, brought it to unsurpassed heights. Period Viennese classics became a period of quartet heyday. Haydn, followed by Beethoven and Mozart, make a significant contribution to the development of this genre.

Italian masters

Giuseppe Verdi - an outstanding musician of the 19th century, developed the traditional Italian opera. He had impeccable craftsmanship. The climax of it composer activity became opera works "Il Trovatore", "La Traviata", "Othello", "Aida".

Niccolo Paganini - born in Nice, one of the most musically gifted personalities of the 18th and 19th centuries. He was a virtuoso on the violin. He composed caprices, sonatas, quartets for violin, guitar, viola and cello. He wrote concertos for violin and orchestra.

Gioacchino Rossini - worked in the 19th century. Author of spiritual and chamber music, composed 39 operas. Outstanding works - "The Barber of Seville", "Othello", "Cinderella", "The Thieving Magpie", "Semiramide".

Antonio Vivaldi is one of the largest representatives violin art 18th century. He gained fame thanks to his most notable work- 4 violin concertos "Seasons". Lived an amazingly productive life creative life, composed 90 operas.

Famous Italian classical composers left an eternal musical legacy. Their cantatas, sonatas, serenades, symphonies, operas will give pleasure to more than one generation.

Peculiarities of perception of music by a child

Listening to good music has a positive effect on the psycho-emotional development of the child, according to child psychologists. Good music introduces to art and forms an aesthetic taste, as teachers think.

Many well-known creations were created by classical composers for children, taking into account their psychology, perception and the specifics of age, that is, for listening, while others composed various pieces for little performers that were easily perceived by ear and technically accessible to them.

"Children's Album" by Tchaikovsky P.I. for little pianists. This album is a dedication to a nephew who loved music and was a very gifted child. The collection contains more than 20 pieces, some of them based on folklore material: Neapolitan motifs, Russian dance, Tyrolean and French melodies. Collection "Children's Songs" by Tchaikovsky P.I. designed for the auditory perception of a children's audience. Songs of an optimistic mood about spring, birds, blooming garden(“My garden”), about compassion for Christ and God (“Christ the baby had a garden”).

Children's classic

Many classical composers worked for children, the list of works of which is very diverse.

Prokofiev S.S. "Peter and the Wolf" - symphonic tale for kids. Through this story, children are introduced to musical instruments symphony orchestra. The text of the tale was written by Prokofiev himself.

Schuman R. "Children's scenes" are short musical stories with a simple plot, written for adult performers, memories of childhood.

Debussy's Piano Cycle "Children's Corner".

Ravel M. "Mother Goose" based on the fairy tales of Ch. Perrault.

Bartok B. "First Steps at the Piano".

Cycles for children Gavrilova S. "For the smallest"; "Heroes of fairy tales"; "Kids about animals."

Shostakovich D. "Album piano pieces for kids".

Bach I.S. " Notebook Anna Magdalena Bach. Teaching his children music, he created special pieces and exercises for them to develop technical skills.

Haydn J. - progenitor classical symphony. Created a special symphony called "Children's". The instruments used: clay nightingale, rattle, cuckoo - give it an unusual sound, childish and provocative.

Saint-Saens K. came up with a fantasy for orchestra and 2 pianos called "Carnival of the Animals", in which musical means masterfully conveyed the clucking of chickens, the roar of a lion, the complacency of an elephant and its manner of movement, a touchingly graceful swan.

Composing compositions for kids and youth, the great classical composers took care of the interesting storylines of the work, the availability of the proposed material, taking into account the age of the performer or listener.

Great composers, whose names are widely known all over the world, have created a huge number of valuable works. Their creations are truly unique. Each of them has an individual and unique style.

Great composers of the world (foreign). List

Below are foreign composers different centuries, whose names are known throughout the world. It:

• A. Vivaldi.
• J. S. Bach.
• W. A. ​​Mozart.
• I. Brahms.
• J. Haydn.
• R. Schuman.
• F. Schubert.
• L. Beethoven.
• I. Strauss.
• R. Wagner.
• G. Verdi.
• A. Berg.
• A. Schoenberg.
• J. Gershwin.
• O. Messiaen.
• C. Ives.
• B. Britten.

Great composers of the world (Russians). List

He created a large number of operetta, worked with lungs musical forms dance character, in which he was very successful. Thanks to Strauss, the waltz became an extremely popular dance in Vienna. By the way, balls are still held there. The composer's legacy includes polkas, ballets and quadrilles.

And G. Verdi - the great ones who created a huge number of operas that won the sincere love of the audience.

The German Richard Wagner was the most prominent representative of modernism in the music of this century. His operatic legacy is rich. Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, The Flying Dutchman and other operas are still relevant, popular and staged.

The Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi is a very majestic figure. He gave Italian opera a new breath, while he remained true to operatic traditions.

Russian composers of the 19th century

M. I. Glinka, A. P. Borodin, M. P. Mussorgsky, P. I. Tchaikovsky are the great composers of classical music of the 19th century, who lived and created their works in Russia.

The works of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka determined the national and global importance in the history of Russian music. His work, which grew up on Russian folk songs, is deeply national. He is rightfully considered an innovator, the ancestor of the Russian musical classics. Glinka worked fruitfully in all of his operas Ivan Susanin (A Life for the Tsar) and Ruslan and Lyudmila opened the way for two leading directions. Great importance in the development of musical art had its symphonic works: "Kamarinskaya", "Waltz-Fantasy" and many others.

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin is a great Russian composer. His work is small in scope, but significant in content. The central place is occupied by heroic historical images. He closely intertwines deep lyricism with epic breadth. The opera "Prince Igor" combines the features of folk-musical drama and epic opera. His first and second symphonies mark a new direction in Russian symphony - heroic-epic. In the field of chamber-vocal lyrics, he became a real innovator. His romances: "Sea", "For the Shores of the Far Homeland", "Song of the Dark Forest" and many others. Borodin had a significant impact on his followers.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky is another great Russian composer of the 19th century. He was a member of the Balakirev circle, which was called the "Mighty Handful". He worked fruitfully in a variety of different genres. His operas are beautiful: "Khovanshchina", "Boris Godunov", "Sorochinsky Fair". His works show features creative individuality. He owns a number of romances: "Kalistrat", "Seminarian", "Lullaby to Eremushka", "Orphan", "Svetik Savishna". They capture the unique national characters.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - composer, conductor, teacher.

Opera and symphonic genres were leading in his work. The content of his music is universal. His operas Queen of Spades”,“ Eugene Onegin ”are masterpieces of Russian classical music. The symphony also occupies a central place in his work. His works became known throughout the world during his lifetime.

Representatives of the new Viennese school

A. Berg, A. Webern, A. Schoenberg are great composers who lived and created their works throughout the 20th century.

Alban Berg became world famous thanks to his amazing opera Wozzeck, which made a strong impression on the listeners. He wrote it for several years. Its premiere took place on December 14, 1925. Today, Wozzeck is a classic example of 20th-century opera.

Anton Webern is an Austrian composer, one of the brightest representatives of the new Viennese school. In his works he used serial and dodecaphone technique. Conciseness and conciseness of thought, concentration of musical and expressive means are inherent in it. His work had a strong influence on Stravinsky, Boulez, Gubaidulina and many other Russian and foreign composers.

Arnold Schoenberg is a bright representative of this musical style like expressionism. Author of serial and dodecaphone technique. His writings: Second string Quartet(F-sharp minor), "Drama with music for choir and orchestra", the opera "Moses and Aaron" and many others.

J. Gershwin, O. Messiaen, C. Ives

These are the great composers of the 20th century who are known all over the world.

George Gershwin - American composer, pianist. He became extremely popular thanks to his large-scale work Porgy and Bess. This is a "folklore" opera. It is based on the novel by Dubos Hayward. No less famous instrumental works: "Rhapsody in the Blues Style for Piano and Orchestra", "An American in Paris", "Second Rhapsody" and many others.

Olivier Messiaen - French composer, organist, teacher, music theorist. In his remarkable theoretical works, he outlined new and rather complex principles of musical composition. Theological ideas were reflected in his works. He was very fascinated by the voices of birds. Therefore, he created the "Catalogue of Birds" for piano.

Charles Ives is an American composer. His work was influenced by folk music. Therefore, his style is extremely unique. He created five symphonies, five violin sonatas, two piano sonatas, the cantata "Heavenly Country" and many other works.

Russian composers of the 20th century

S. S. Prokofiev, I. F. Stravinsky, D. D. Shostakovich are the great composers of the 20th century.

Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev - composer, conductor, pianist.

His music is varied in content. It contains lyrics and epic, humor and drama, psychologism and characterization. Opera and ballet creativity laid down new principles and techniques musical dramaturgy. His operas are The Gambler, The Love for Three Oranges, War and Peace. Prokofiev worked in the genre of film music. His cantata "Alexander Nevsky", created in collaboration with director S. Eisenstein, is widely known.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky - émigré composer, conductor.

His work is divided into Russian and foreign periods. His the brightest ballets: "Parsley", "The Rite of Spring", "The Firebird". Stravinsky also made a great contribution to the symphonic genre.

Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich - composer, teacher, pianist. His work is multifaceted in genres and figurative content. Especially his importance as a composer-symphonist. His fifteen symphonies reflect complex world human feelings with experiences, struggle, tragic conflicts. His opera "Katerina Izmailova" - great essay of this genre.

Conclusion

The music of great composers is written in different genres, contains multifaceted plots, constantly updated techniques that correspond to a particular era. Some composers have excelled in a few genres, while others have successfully covered almost all areas. Of the entire galaxy of great composers, it is difficult to single out the best. All of them have made a significant contribution to the history of world musical culture.

The Russian school of composers, whose traditions were continued by the Soviet and today's Russian schools, began in the 19th century with composers who combined European musical art with Russian folk melodies, linking together the European form and the Russian spirit.

About each of these famous people you can tell a lot, everyone has not simple, and sometimes tragic fates, but in this review we tried to give only brief description life and works of composers.

1. Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

(1804-1857)

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka while composing the opera Ruslan and Lyudmila. 1887, artist Ilya Efimovich Repin

“In order to create beauty, one must be pure in soul.”

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka is the founder of Russian classical music and the first domestic classical composer to achieve world fame. His works, based on the centuries-old traditions of Russian folk music, were a new word in the musical art of our country.

Born in the Smolensk province, educated in St. Petersburg. The formation of the worldview and the main idea of ​​​​Mikhail Glinka's work was facilitated by direct communication with such personalities as A.S. Pushkin, V.A. Zhukovsky, A.S. Griboyedov, A.A. Delvig. The creative impetus to his work was added by a long-term trip to Europe in the early 1830s and meetings with the leading composers of the time - V. Bellini, G. Donizetti, F. Mendelssohn and later with G. Berlioz, J. Meyerbeer.

Success came to M.I. Glinka in 1836, after staging the opera "Ivan Susanin" ("Life for the Tsar"), which was enthusiastically received by everyone, for the first time in world music, Russian choral art and European symphonic and opera practice were organically combined, and also appeared a hero like Susanin, whose image generalizes best features national character.

V.F. Odoevsky described the opera “ new element in Art, and begins in its history new period- the period of Russian music.

The second opera - the epic "Ruslan and Lyudmila" (1842), the work on which was carried out against the backdrop of Pushkin's death and in the difficult living conditions of the composer, due to the deeply innovative nature of the work, was ambiguously received by the audience and the authorities, and brought M.I. Glinka hard experiences. After that, he traveled a lot, living alternately in Russia and abroad, without stopping composing. Romances, symphonic and chamber works remained in his legacy. In the 1990s, Mikhail Glinka's "Patriotic Song" was the official anthem of the Russian Federation.

Quote about M.I. Glinka:“The entire Russian symphonic school, like the whole oak in an acorn, is contained in the symphonic fantasy “Kamarinskaya”. P.I. Tchaikovsky

Interesting fact: Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka was not distinguished by good health, despite this he was very easy-going and knew geography very well, perhaps, if he had not become a composer, he would have become a traveler. He knew six foreign languages including Persian.

2. Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin

(1833-1887)

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin, one of the leading Russian composers of the second half of the 19th century, in addition to his talent as a composer, was a chemist, doctor, teacher, critic and had a literary talent.

Born in St. Petersburg, from childhood, everyone around him noted his unusual activity, enthusiasm and abilities in various directions, primarily in music and chemistry.

A.P. Borodin is a Russian nugget composer, he did not have professional musician teachers, all his achievements in music are due to independent work mastering the technique of composing.

The formation of A.P. Borodin was influenced by the work of M.I. Glinka (as well as all Russian composers of the 19th century), and two events gave an impetus to the close occupation of composition in the early 1860s - firstly, acquaintance and marriage with the talented pianist E.S. Protopopova, and secondly, the meeting with M.A. Balakirev and joining the creative community of Russian composers, known as the "Mighty Handful".

In the late 1870s and 1880s, A.P. Borodin traveled and toured extensively in Europe and America, met with the leading composers of his time, his fame grew, he became one of the most famous and popular Russian composers in Europe at the end of the 19th century. th century.

The central place in the work of A.P. Borodin is occupied by the opera "Prince Igor" (1869-1890), which is an example of national heroic epic in music and which he himself did not have time to finish (it was completed by his friends A.A. Glazunov and N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov). In "Prince Igor", against the backdrop of majestic paintings historical events, reflected the main idea of all the composer's work - courage, calm grandeur, spiritual nobility of the best Russian people and the mighty strength of the entire Russian people, manifested in the defense of the motherland.

Despite the fact that A.P. Borodin left a relatively small number of works, his work is very diverse and he is considered one of the fathers of Russian symphonic music, who influenced many generations of Russian and foreign composers.

Quote about A.P. Borodin:“Borodin's talent is equally powerful and amazing both in the symphony, and in the opera and in the romance. Its main qualities are gigantic strength and breadth, colossal scope, swiftness and impetuosity, combined with amazing passion, tenderness and beauty. V.V. Stasov

Interesting fact: named after Borodin chemical reaction silver salts carboxylic acids with halogens, resulting in halogenated hydrocarbons, which he first investigated in 1861.

3. Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

(1839-1881)

“The sounds of human speech, as external manifestations of thought and feeling, must, without exaggeration and rape, become truthful, accurate music, but artistic, highly artistic.”

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky is one of the most brilliant Russian composers of the 19th century, a member of the mighty handful". Mussorgsky's innovative work was far ahead of its time.

Born in the Pskov province. How many talented people, from childhood he showed abilities in music, studied in St. Petersburg, was, according to family tradition, a military man. The decisive event that determined that Mussorgsky was not born for military service, and for music, was his meeting with M.A. Balakirev and joining the "Mighty Handful".

Mussorgsky is great in that in his grandiose works - the operas "Boris Godunov" and "Khovanshchina" captured dramatic milestones in music Russian history with a radical novelty that Russian music did not know before, showing in them a combination of mass folk scenes and a diverse wealth of types, the unique character of the Russian people. These operas, in numerous editions by both the author and other composers, are among the most popular Russian operas in the world.

Another outstanding work of Mussorgsky is the cycle of piano pieces “Pictures at an Exhibition”, colorful and inventive miniatures are permeated with the Russian refrain theme and the Orthodox faith.

There was everything in Mussorgsky's life - both greatness and tragedy, but he was always distinguished by genuine spiritual purity and disinterestedness.

His last years were difficult - life disorder, non-recognition of creativity, loneliness, addiction to alcohol, all this determined him early death at 42, he left relatively few compositions, some of which were completed by other composers.

The specific melody and innovative harmony of Mussorgsky anticipated some features musical development 20th century and played an important role in the development of the styles of many world composers.

Quote about M.P. Mussorgsky:“Originally Russian sounds in everything that Mussorgsky did” N. K. Roerich

Interesting fact: At the end of his life, Mussorgsky, under pressure from his “friends” Stasov and Rimsky-Korsakov, renounced the copyright to his works and presented them to Tertiy Filippov.

4. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky

(1840-1893)

“I am an artist who can and must bring honor to his Motherland. I feel a great artistic power in myself, I have not yet done even a tenth of what I can do. And I want to do it with all the strength of my soul.”

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky, perhaps the greatest Russian composer of the 19th century, raised unprecedented height Russian musical art. He is one of the most important composers of world classical music.

A native of the Vyatka province, although his paternal roots are in Ukraine, Tchaikovsky from childhood showed musical ability However, the first education and work was in the field of jurisprudence.

Tchaikovsky is one of the first Russian "professional" composers - he studied music theory and composition at the new St. Petersburg Conservatory.

Tchaikovsky was considered a "Western" composer, in contrast to the folk figures of the "Mighty Handful", with whom he had good creative and friendly relations, however, his work is no less permeated with the Russian spirit, he managed to uniquely combine the Western symphonic heritage of Mozart, Beethoven and Schumann with Russian traditions inherited from Mikhail Glinka.

The composer led an active life - he was a teacher, conductor, critic, public figure, worked in two capitals, toured Europe and America.

Tchaikovsky was a rather emotionally unstable person, enthusiasm, despondency, apathy, irascibility, violent anger - all these moods changed in him quite often, being a very sociable person, he always strove for loneliness.

It is a difficult task to single out something better from Tchaikovsky's work, he has several works of equal size in almost all musical genres - opera, ballet, symphony, chamber music. And the content of Tchaikovsky's music is universal: with inimitable melodism, it embraces the images of life and death, love, nature, childhood, works of Russian and world literature are revealed in it in a new way, deep processes of spiritual life are reflected.

Composer quote:“Life has charm only when it consists of the alternation of joys and sorrows, of the struggle between good and evil, of light and shadow, in a word, of diversity in unity.”

"Great talent requires great hard work."

Composer quote: “I am ready day and night to stand guard of honor at the porch of the house where Pyotr Ilyich lives - to such an extent I respect him” A.P. Chekhov

Interesting fact: Cambridge University in absentia and without defending a dissertation awarded Tchaikovsky the title of Doctor of Music, as well as the Paris Academy fine arts elected him as a corresponding member.

5. Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov

(1844-1908)

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov is a talented Russian composer, one of the most important figures in the creation of an invaluable domestic musical heritage. His peculiar world and worship of the eternal all-encompassing beauty of the universe, admiration for the miracle of life, unity with nature have no analogues in the history of music.

Born in the Novgorod province, according to family tradition, he became a naval officer, on a warship he traveled around many countries in Europe and two Americas. Musical education received first from his mother, then taking private lessons from the pianist F. Canille. And again, thanks to M.A. Balakirev, the organizer of the "Mighty Handful", who introduced Rimsky-Korsakov into the musical community and influenced his work, the world did not lose a talented composer.

The central place in Rimsky-Korsakov's heritage is occupied by operas - 15 works demonstrating the diversity of genre, stylistic, dramatic, and compositional decisions of the composer, nevertheless having a special style - with all the richness of the orchestral component, melodic vocal lines are the main ones.

Two main directions distinguish the composer's work: the first is Russian history, the second is the world of fairy tales and epic, for which he received the nickname "storyteller".

In addition to direct independent creative activity N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov is known as a publicist, compiler of collections folk songs, in which he showed great interest, and also as the finalist of the works of his friends - Dargomyzhsky, Mussorgsky and Borodin. Rimsky-Korsakov was the founder composer school, as a teacher and head of the St. Petersburg Conservatory, he produced about two hundred composers, conductors, musicologists, among them Prokofiev and Stravinsky.

Composer quote:“Rimsky-Korsakov was a very Russian man and a very Russian composer. I believe that this primordially Russian essence of it, its deep folklore-Russian basis, should be especially valued today.” Mstislav Rostropovich

Fact about the composer: Nikolai Andreevich began his first lesson in counterpoint like this:

Now I will talk a lot, and you will listen very carefully. Then I will speak less, and you will listen and think, and, finally, I will not speak at all, and you will think with your own head and work independently, because my task as a teacher is to become unnecessary to you ...

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What would our life be like without music? For years, people have been asking themselves this question and coming to the conclusion that without the beautiful sounds of music, the world would be a very different place. Music helps us to experience joy more fully, to find our inner self and to cope with difficulties. Composers, working on their works, were inspired by a variety of things: love, nature, war, happiness, sadness and many others. Some of the ones they created musical compositions will forever remain in the hearts and memory of people. Here is a list of the ten greatest and most talented composers of all time. Under each of the composers you will find a link to one of his most famous works.

10 PHOTOS (VIDEO)

Franz Peter Schubert is an Austrian composer who lived only 32 years, but his music will live on for a very long time. Schubert wrote nine symphonies, about 600 vocal compositions, as well as a large number of chamber and solo piano music.

"Evening Serenade"

German composer and pianist, author of two serenades, four symphonies, and concertos for violin, piano and cello. He performed at concerts from the age of ten, first performed with solo concert at 14 years old. During his lifetime, he gained popularity primarily thanks to the waltzes and Hungarian dances he wrote.

"Hungarian Dance No. 5".

Georg Friedrich Handel - German and English composer of the Baroque era, he wrote about 40 operas, many organ concerts as well as chamber music. Handel's music has been played at the coronation of English kings since 973, it also sounds at royal wedding ceremonies and is even used as the anthem of the UEFA Champions League (with a little arrangement).

"Music on the Water"

Joseph Haydn- a famous and prolific Austrian composer of the Classical era, he is called the father of the symphony, since he made a significant contribution to the development of this musical genre. Joseph Haydn is the author of 104 symphonies, 50 piano sonatas, 24 operas and 36 concertos

"Symphony No. 45".

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky is the most famous Russian composer, the author of more than 80 works, including 10 operas, 3 ballets and 7 symphonies. He was very popular and known as a composer during his lifetime, performed in Russia and abroad as a conductor.

"Waltz of the Flowers" from the ballet "The Nutcracker".

Frederic Francois Chopin is a Polish composer who is also considered one of the best pianists of all time. He wrote a lot musical works for piano, including 3 sonatas and 17 waltzes.

"Rain waltz".

The Venetian composer and virtuoso violinist Antonio Lucio Vivaldi is the author of more than 500 concertos and 90 operas. Rendered a huge impact on the development of Italian and world violin art.

"Elven Song"

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is an Austrian composer who amazed the world with his talent with early childhood. Already at the age of five, Mozart was composing small pieces. In total, he wrote 626 works, including 50 symphonies and 55 concertos. 9.Beethoven 10.Bach

Johann Sebastian Bach - German composer and organist of the Baroque era, known as a master of polyphony. He is the author of more than 1000 works, which include almost all significant genres of that time.

"Musical Joke"