Haydn compositions. Joseph Haydn: biography, interesting facts, creativity

Name: Joseph HaydnFranz Joseph Haydn

Age: 77 years old

Activity: composer

Family status: widower

Joseph Haydn: biography

Composer Joseph Haydn is not accidentally called the father of the symphony. It was thanks to the genius of the creator that this genre acquired classical perfection and became the basis on which the symphony from.

Among other things, Haydn was the first to create complete examples of other leading genres of the era of classicism - the string quartet and the clavier sonata. He was also the first to write secular oratorios in German. Later, these compositions stood on a par with the greatest achievements of the Baroque era - the English oratorios of George Frideric Handel and the German cantatas.

Childhood and youth

Franz Joseph Haydn was born on March 31, 1732 in the Austrian village of Rorau, bordering Hungary. The composer's father had no music education, but in youth learned to play the harp on his own. Franz's mother was also not indifferent to music. FROM early childhood parents discovered that their son had outstanding vocal abilities and excellent hearing. Already at the age of five, Joseph sang loudly with his father, then he mastered the violin perfectly, after which he came to the church choir to perform masses.

From the biography of a representative of the Viennese classical school, it is known that the far-sighted father, as soon as his offspring was six years old, sent his beloved child to a neighboring city to his relative Johann Matthias Frank, the rector of the school. In his institution, the man taught children not only grammar and mathematics, but also gave them singing and violin lessons. There Haydn mastered string and wind instruments, retaining gratitude to his mentor for life.

Diligence, perseverance and a natural sonorous voice helped Joseph become famous in his native land. One day I came to Rorau Viennese composer Georg von Reuter to select young singers for his chapel. Franz impressed him and Georg took 8-year-old Josef to the choir of Vienna's largest cathedral. There, for a couple of years, Haydn mastered the art of singing, the subtleties of composition, and even composed spiritual songs.

The most difficult period for the composer began in 1749, when he had to earn a living by taking lessons, singing in church choirs and playing in various ensembles on string instruments. Despite the difficulties, the young man never lost heart and did not lose his desire to comprehend the new.

Franz spent the money he earned on the lessons of the composer Nicolo Porpora, and when Josef could not pay, the young man accompanied the mentor's young students during classes. Haydn, like a man possessed, studied books on composition and sorted out clavier sonatas, diligently composing music of various genres until late at night.

In 1751, in one of the suburban Viennese theaters, Haydn's opera entitled "The Lame Demon" was staged; in 1755, the creator had his first string Quartet, and four years later - the first symphony. This genre in the future became the most important in all the composer's work.

Music

The year 1761 was a turning point in the life of the composer: on May 1, he signed a contract with Prince Esterhazy and for thirty years remained the court bandmaster of this aristocratic Hungarian family.

The Esterhazy family lived in Vienna only in winter, and their main residences were in the small town of Eisenstadt, so it is not surprising that Haydn had to change his stay in the capital for a monotonous existence on the estate for six years.

The contract concluded between Franz and Count Esterhazy stated that the composer was obliged to compose the pieces that his lordship would require. Haydn's early symphonies were written for a relatively small group of musicians at his disposal. After a couple of years of impeccable service, the composer was allowed to include new instruments in the orchestra at his discretion.

The main genre of creativity of the creator of the musical work "Autumn" has always been a symphony. At the turn of the 60-70s, compositions appeared one after another: No. 49 (1768) - “Passion”, No. 44, “Mourning”, and No. 45.

They reflected an emotional response to the emerging German literature a new stylistic trend, called "Storm and Onslaught". It is worth noting that during this period children's symphonies also appeared in the repertoire of the creator.

After Joseph's fame went beyond the borders of Austria, the composer wrote six symphonies by order of the concert society of Paris, and after fulfilling orders received from the capital of Spain, his works began to be published in Naples and London.

At the same time, the life of a genius was illuminated by friendship with. It should be noted that the relationship of artists has never been overshadowed by rivalry or envy. Mozart claimed that it was from Josef that he first learned how to create string quartets, so he dedicated a couple of pieces to his mentor. Franz himself considered Wolfgang Amadeus the greatest contemporary composer.

After 50 years, Haydn's habitual way of life has changed dramatically. The Creator received freedom, although he continued to be listed among the heirs of Prince Esterhazy as a court bandmaster. The chapel itself was dissolved by the descendants of a noble family, and the composer left for Vienna.

In 1791, Franz was invited on tour to England. The terms of the contract included the creation of six symphonies and their performance in London, as well as the writing of an opera and twenty works in addition. It is known that at that time Haydn was given an orchestra with 40 musicians at his disposal. A year and a half spent in London became triumphant for Josef, and the English tour was no less successful. During the tour, the composer composed 280 works and even became a doctor of music at Oxford University.

Personal life

The popularity acquired in Vienna helped young musician get a job with Count Morcin. It was for his chapel that Joseph wrote his first five symphonies. It is known that in less than two years of work with Mortsin, the composer managed to correct not only his financial position but also to tie the knot.

During that period, 28-year-old Josef had tender feelings for youngest daughter court hairdresser, and she, unexpectedly for everyone, went to the monastery. Then Haydn, either in retaliation or for some other reason, married her sister Maria Keller, who was 4 years older than Joseph.

Their family union was not happy. The composer's wife was grumpy and extravagant. Among other things, the young lady did not at all appreciate her husband's talent and often used her husband's manuscripts instead of baking paper. To the surprise of many family life in the absence of love, children and home comfort lasted 40 years.

Due to the unwillingness to realize himself as a caring husband and the inability to prove himself as a loving father, the composer devoted four decades of his married life to symphonies. During this time, Haydn wrote hundreds of works in this genre, and 90 operas were staged at the Prince Esterhazy Theater talented genius.

In the Italian troupe of this theater, the composer found his late love. The young Neapolitan singer Luigia Polcelli enchanted Haydn. Passionately in love, Josef achieved an extension of the contract with her, and also, especially for the charming person, simplified the vocal parts, understanding her capabilities.

True, relations with Luigi did not bring happiness to the creator. The girl was too arrogant and greedy, so even after the death of his wife, Haydn did not dare to marry her. It is worth noting that at the end of his life, in the last version of the will, the composer halved the amount allotted to Polcelli.

Death

In the last decade of his life, under the influence of the Handel festival in Westminster Cathedral, Haydn showed interest in choral music. The composer created six masses, as well as oratorios (“The Creation of the World” and “The Seasons”).

Haydn died on May 31, 1809 in Vienna, occupied by Napoleonic troops. The French emperor himself, having learned about the death of the eminent Austrian, gave the order to put up a guard of honor at the door of his house. The funeral took place on June 1st.

Sarcophagus of Joseph Haydn

An interesting fact is that when in 1820 Prince Esterhazy ordered the reburial of Haydn's remains in the church of Eisenstadt, and the coffin was opened, it turned out that there was no skull under the surviving wig (it was stolen to study the features of the structure and protect it from destruction). The skull was reunited with the remains only in the middle of the next century, on June 5, 1954.

Discography

• "Farewell Symphony"
• "Oxford Symphony"
• "Funeral Symphony"
• "World creation"
• "Seasons"
• "Seven Words of the Savior on the Cross"
• "The Return of Tobiah"
• "Pharmacist"
• "Acis and Galatea"
• "Desert Island"
• "Armida"
• "Fisherwomen"
• "Deceived Infidelity"

Biography

Youth

Joseph Haydn (the composer himself never named himself Franz) was born on March 31, 1732, on the estate of the counts of Harrach - the Lower Austrian village of Rorau, not far from the border with Hungary, in the family of Matthias Haydn (1699-1763). Parents, who were seriously fond of vocals and amateur music-making, found in the boy musical ability and in 1737 they sent him to relatives in the city of Hainburg an der Donau, where Joseph began to study choral singing and music. In 1740, Joseph was noticed by Georg von Reutter, director of the chapel of the Vienna Cathedral of St. Stephen. Reutter took the talented boy to the chapel, and he sang in the choir for nine years (including several years with his younger brothers).

Singing in the choir was good for Haydn, but the only school. As his abilities developed, he was assigned difficult solo parts. Together with the choir, Haydn often performed at city festivities, weddings, funerals, took part in court celebrations. One such event was the funeral of Antonio Vivaldi in 1741.

Service at Esterhazy

The composer's creative heritage includes 104 symphonies, 83 quartets, 52 piano sonatas, oratorios ("The Creation of the World" and "The Seasons"), 14 masses, 26 operas.

List of compositions

Chamber music

• 12 sonatas for violin and piano (including sonata in E minor, sonata in D major)
• 83 string quartets for two violins, viola and cello
• 7 duets for violin and viola
• 40 trios for piano, violin (or flute) and cello
• 21 trios for 2 violins and cello
• 126 trios for baritone, viola (violin) and cello
• 11 trios for mixed wind and string instruments

Concerts

35 concertos for one or more instruments with orchestra, including:

• four concertos for violin and orchestra
• two concertos for cello and orchestra
• two concertos for horn and orchestra
• 11 Piano Concertos
• 6 organ concertos
• 5 concertos for two-wheeled lyres
• 4 concertos for baritone and orchestra
• concerto for double bass and orchestra
• concerto for flute and orchestra
• concerto for trumpet and orchestra

Vocal works

operas

There are 24 operas in total, including:

• The Lame Demon (Der krumme Teufel), 1751
• "True Constancy"
• "Orpheus and Eurydice, or the Soul of a Philosopher", 1791
• "Asmodeus, or the New Lame Imp"
• Acis and Galatea, 1762
• "Desert Island" (L'lsola disabitata)
• "Armida", 1783
• Fisherwomen (Le Pescatrici), 1769
• "Deceived infidelity" (L'Infedelta delusa)
• "An Unforeseen Meeting" (L'Incontro improviso), 1775
• Lunar World (II Mondo della luna), 1777
• "True constancy" (La Vera costanza), 1776
• Loyalty Rewarded (La Fedelta premiata)
• "Roland Paladin" (Orlando Raladino), heroic-comic opera based on the plot of Ariosto's poem "Furious Roland"

oratorios

14 oratorios, including:

• "World creation"
• "Seasons"
• "Seven Words of the Savior on the Cross"
• "The Return of Tobiah"
• Allegorical cantata-oratorio "Applause"
• oratorio hymn Stabat Mater

Masses

14 masses, including:

• small mass (Missa brevis, F-dur, circa 1750)
• great organ mass Es-dur (1766)
• Mass in honor of St. Nicholas (Missa in honorem Sancti Nicolai, G-dur, 1772)
• mass of st. Caecilians (Missa Sanctae Caeciliae, c-moll, between 1769 and 1773)
• small organ mass (B-dur, 1778)
• Mariazelle Mass (Mariazellermesse, C-dur, 1782)
• Mass with timpani, or Mass during the war (Paukenmesse, C-dur, 1796)
• Mass Heiligmesse (B-dur, 1796)
• Nelson-Messe (Nelson-Messe, d-moll, 1798)
• Mass Teresa (Theresienmesse, B-dur, 1799)
• mass with a theme from the oratorio "The Creation" (Schopfungsmesse, B-dur, 1801)
• mass with wind instruments (Harmoniemesse, B-dur, 1802)

Symphonic music

104 symphonies in total, including:

• "Oxford Symphony"
• "Funeral Symphony"
• 6 Paris Symphonies (1785-1786)
• 12 London Symphonies (1791-1792, 1794-1795), including Symphony No. 103 "Timpani Tremolo"
• 66 divertissements and cassations

Works for piano

• Fantasies, variations

Memory

• A crater on the planet Mercury is named after Haydn.

In fiction

• Stendhal published biographies of Haydn, Mozart, Rossini and Metastasio in letters.

In numismatics and philately

Literature

• // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: In 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
• Alshvang A. A. Joseph Haydn. - M.-L. , 1947.
• Kremlev Yu. A. Joseph Haydn. Essay on life and creativity. - M., 1972.
• Novak L. Joseph Haydn. Life, creativity, historical significance. - M., 1973.
• Butterworth N. Haydn. - Chelyabinsk, 1999.
• J. Haydn - I. Kotlyarevsky: the art of optimism. Problems of vzaimodії mystetstva, pedagogy and theory and practice of learning: Collection of scientific practices / Ed. - L. V. Rusakova. Vip. 27. - Kharkiv, 2009. - 298 p. - ISBN 978-966-8661-55-6. (ukr.)
• Dies. Haydn's Biographie. - Vienna, 1810. (German)
• Ludwig. Joseph Hayden. Ein Lebensbild. - Nordg., 1867. (German)
• Pohl. Mozart and Haydn in London. - Vienna, 1867. (German)
• Pohl. Joseph Hayden. - Berlin, 1875. (German)
• Lutz Gorner Joseph Hayden. Sein Leben, seine Musik. 3 CDs mit viel Musik nach der Biographie von Hans-Josef Irmen. KKM Weimar 2008. - ISBN 978-3-89816-285-2
• Arnold Werner-Jensen. Joseph Hayden. - München: Verlag C. H. Beck, 2009. - ISBN 978-3-406-56268-6. (German)
• H. C. Robbins Landon. The Symphonies of Joseph Haydn. - Universal Edition and Rockliff, 1955. (English)
• Landon, H. C. Robbins; Jones, David Wyn. Haydn: His Life and Music. - Indiana University Press, 1988. - ISBN 978-0-253-37265-9. (English)
• Webster, James; Feder, George(2001). Joseph Haydn. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. Published separately as a book: (2002) The New Grove Haydn. New York: Macmillan. 2002. ISBN 0-19-516904-2

Notes

Links

	Franz Joseph Haydn at Wikiquote

This is real music! This is what should be enjoyed, this is what should be sucked in by everyone who wants to cultivate a healthy musical feeling, healthy taste.
A. Serov

The creative path of J. Haydn - the great Austrian composer, senior contemporary of W. A. ​​Mozart and L. Beethoven - lasted about fifty years, crossed the historical border of the 18th-19th centuries, covered all stages of the development of the Viennese classical school - from its inception in 1760 -s. until the heyday of Beethoven's work at the beginning of the new century. The intensity of the creative process, the richness of imagination, the freshness of perception, the harmonious and integral sense of life were preserved in Haydn's art until the very last years of his life.

The son of a carriage maker, Haydn discovered a rare musical ability. At the age of six, he moved to Hainburg, sang in the church choir, learned to play the violin and harpsichord, and from 1740 he lived in Vienna, where he served as a chorister in the chapel of St. Stephen's Cathedral (Vienna Cathedral). However, in the chapel only the boy's voice was appreciated - a rare treble purity, they entrusted him with the performance of solo parts; and the composer's inclinations awakened in childhood went unnoticed. When the voice began to break, Haydn was forced to leave the chapel. The first years of independent life in Vienna were especially difficult - he was in poverty, starved, wandered without a permanent shelter; only occasionally did he manage to find private lessons or play the violin in a traveling ensemble. However, despite the vicissitudes of fate, Haydn retained both the openness of character, and the sense of humor that never betrayed him, and the seriousness of his professional aspirations - he studies the clavier work of F. E. Bach, independently studies counterpoint, gets acquainted with the works of the largest German theorists, takes composition lessons from N Porpora - a famous Italian opera composer and teacher.

In 1759, Haydn received the place of Kapellmeister from Count I. Mortsin. The first instrumental works (symphonies, quartets, clavier sonatas) were written for his court chapel. When in 1761 Mortsin disbanded the chapel, Haydn signed a contract with P. Esterhazy, the richest Hungarian magnate and patron of the arts. The duties of the vice-kapellmeister, and after 5 years of the princely chief-kapellmeister, included not only composing music. Haydn had to conduct rehearsals, keep order in the chapel, be responsible for the safety of notes and instruments, etc. All Haydn's works were the property of Esterhazy; the composer did not have the right to write music commissioned by other persons, he could not freely leave the prince's possessions. (Haydn lived on the estates of Esterhazy - Eisenstadt and Estergaz, sometimes visiting Vienna.)

However, many advantages and, above all, the ability to dispose of an excellent orchestra that performed all the works of the composer, as well as relative material and domestic security, persuaded Haydn to accept Esterhazy's proposal. For almost 30 years, Haydn remained in court service. In the humiliating position of a princely servant, he retained his dignity, inner independence and striving for continuous creative improvement. Living far from the world, almost not in contact with the wide the music world, he became during his service with Esterhazy the greatest master of European scale. Haydn's works were successfully performed in major musical capitals.

So, in the mid-1780s. the French public got acquainted with six symphonies, called "Paris". Over time, composites became more and more burdened by their dependent position, more acutely felt loneliness.

Dramatic, disturbing moods are painted in minor symphonies - "Funeral", "Suffering", "Farewell". Many reasons for various interpretations- autobiographical, humorous, lyric-philosophical - gave the finale "Farewell" - during this endlessly lasting Adagio, the musicians leave the orchestra one by one until two violinists remain on the stage, finishing the melody, quiet and gentle ...

However, a harmonious and clear view of the world always dominates both in Haydn's music and in his sense of life. Haydn found sources of joy everywhere - in nature, in the life of peasants, in his work, in communication with loved ones. So, acquaintance with Mozart, who arrived in Vienna in 1781, grew into a real friendship. These relations, based on deep inner kinship, understanding and mutual respect, had a beneficial effect on creative development both composers.

In 1790, A. Esterhazy, heir to the deceased Prince P. Esterhazy, dissolved the chapel. Haydn, who was completely freed from service and retained only the title of Kapellmeister, began to receive a lifetime pension in accordance with the will of the old prince. Soon there was an opportunity to fulfill an old dream - to travel outside of Austria. In the 1790s Haydn made two tours to London (1791-92, 1794-95). The 12 "London" symphonies written on this occasion completed the development of this genre in the work of Haydn, approved the maturity of the Viennese classical symphony (a little earlier, in the late 1780s, Mozart's last 3 symphonies appeared) and remained the pinnacle of phenomena in the history of symphonic music. The London symphonies were performed in unusual and extremely attractive conditions for the composer. Accustomed to the more closed atmosphere of the court salon, Haydn performed for the first time in public concerts, felt the reaction of a typical democratic audience. At his disposal were large orchestras, similar in composition to modern symphony ones. The English public was enthusiastic about Haydn's music. At Oxford, he was awarded the title of Doctor of Music. Under the impression of the oratorios of G. F. Handel heard in London, 2 secular oratorios were created - “ The Creation of the World" (1798) and " The Seasons" (1801). These monumental, epic-philosophical works, affirming the classical ideals of beauty and harmony of life, the unity of man and nature, adequately crowned creative way composer.

The last years of Haydn's life were spent in Vienna and its suburb Gumpendorf. The composer was still cheerful, sociable, objective and friendly towards people, he still worked hard. Haydn passed away at a troubled time, in the midst of the Napoleonic campaigns, when the French troops had already occupied the capital of Austria. During the siege of Vienna, Haydn consoled his loved ones: "Do not be afraid, children, where Haydn is, nothing bad can happen."

Haydn left a huge creative heritage- about 1000 works in all genres and forms that existed in the music of that time (symphonies, sonatas, chamber ensembles, concerts, operas, oratorios, masses, songs, etc.). Large cyclical forms (104 symphonies, 83 quartets, 52 clavier sonatas) constitute the main, most precious part of the composer's work, determine his historical place. On the exceptional significance of Haydn's works in evolution instrumental music P. Tchaikovsky wrote: “Haydn immortalized himself, if not by invention, then by improvement of that excellent, ideally balanced form of the sonata and symphony, which Mozart and Beethoven later brought to the last degree of completeness and beauty.”

Symphony in the work of Haydn has passed big way: from early samples close to the genres of household and chamber music(serenade, divertissement, quartet), to the "Paris" and "London" symphonies, in which the classical patterns of the genre were established (the ratio and order of the parts of the cycle - sonata Allegro, slow part, minuet, fast finale), characteristic types of thematics and development techniques etc. Haydn's symphony acquires the meaning of a generalized "picture of the world", in which different sides lives - serious, dramatic, lyrical-philosophical, humorous - are brought to unity and balance. The rich and complex world of Haydn's symphonies possesses remarkable qualities of openness, sociability, and focus on the listener. Their main source musical language- genre-everyday, song and dance intonations, sometimes directly borrowed from folklore sources. Included in difficult process symphonic development, they discover new figurative, dynamic possibilities. Completed, perfectly balanced and logically built forms of parts of the symphonic cycle (sonata, variation, rondo, etc.) include elements of improvisation, remarkable deviations and surprises sharpen interest in the very process of thought development, always fascinating, full of events. Haydn's favorite "surprises" and "pranks" helped the perception of the most serious genre of instrumental music, gave rise to specific associations among listeners, which were fixed in the names of symphonies ("Bear", "Chicken", "Clock", "Hunt", "School teacher", etc. . P.). Forming the typical patterns of the genre, Haydn also reveals the richness of the possibilities for their manifestation, outlining different paths for the evolution of the symphony in the 19th-20th centuries. In Haydn's mature symphonies, the classical composition of the orchestra is established, including all groups of instruments (strings, woodwinds, brass, percussion). The composition of the quartet is also stabilizing, in which all instruments (two violins, viola, cello) become full members of the ensemble. Of great interest are Haydn's clavier sonatas, in which the composer's imagination, truly inexhaustible, each time opens up new options for building a cycle, original ways of arranging and developing the material. The last sonatas written in the 1790s. clearly focused on the expressive possibilities of a new instrument - the pianoforte.

All his life, art was for Haydn the main support and a constant source of inner harmony, peace of mind and health, He hoped that it would remain so for future listeners. “There are so few joyful and contented people in this world,” the seventy-year-old composer wrote, “everywhere they are haunted by grief and worries; perhaps your work will sometimes serve as a source from which a person full of worries and burdened with business will draw his peace and rest for minutes.

Joseph Haydn is a classical music composer originally from the capital of Austria, Vienna. Founder of musical genres: symphony, string quartet. One of the three legendary classic representatives Vienna School. The music of J. Haydn at that time was very avant-garde and differed drastic changes moods, unusual romantic shades.

Listen to classical music written by Joseph Haydn.

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Born 03/31/1732 in the Austrian city of Rorau, (Died: 05/31/1809, Vienna, Austria)

During his life he wrote a lot of musical works:

Oper - 24
Symphony - 106
String quartets - 83
Sonatas for pho-no - 52
Trio for baritone - 126
Oratory - 3
Mass - 14
Concerts 36

The most popular works of Haydn:

Cello Concerto No. one
Cello Concerto No. 2
Harmoniemesse
Il ritorno di Tobia
La canterina
La fedelta premiata
La vera costanza
L "infedelta delusa
L "isola disabitata
missa brevis
Missa brevis Sancti Joannis de Deo
Missa Cellensis
Missa in Angustiis
Missa in tempore belli
Missa Sancti Bernardi von Offida
Missa Sancti Nicolai
Orlando paladino
Piano Sonata Hob. XVI/52
Piano Trio No. 39
Schopfungsmesse
Sinfonia Concertante
String Quartet, Opus 76, No. 3
String Quartets, Op. twenty
String Quartets, Op. 33
String Quartets, Op. 76
The Seasons
Theresienmesse
Variations in F minor
Variations in F minor, Hob. XVII:6
Apothecary
Armida
Anthem of Austria-Hungary
Anthem of Germany
Concerto for trumpet and orchestra
Lunar world
Song of the Germans
Seven words of the Savior on the cross
Symphony No. 1
Symphony No. 100
Symphony No. 101
Symphony No. 103
Symphony No. 104
Symphony No. 45
Symphony No. 49
Symphony No. 53
Symphony No. 6
Symphony No. 88
Symphony No. 90
Symphony No. 92
Symphony No. 94

Find a good melody - and your composition, whatever it is, will be beautiful and you will certainly like it. - Franz Joseph Haydn

Listen to Joseph Haydn online for free, music and compositions in good quality sound on the wave of online radio. Update date: 08/17/2018 HAYDN radio music

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Composer Franz Joseph Haydn is called the founder of the modern orchestra, the "father of the symphony", the founder of the classical instrumental genre.

Composer Franz Joseph Haydn called the founder of the modern orchestra, the "father of the symphony", the founder of the classical instrumental genre.

Haydn was born in 1732. His father was a carriage master, his mother served as a cook. House in the town Rorau on the bank of the river Leith, where little Josef spent his childhood, has survived to this day.

Artisan's children Matthias Haydn loved music very much. Franz Josef was a gifted child - from birth he was given a sonorous melodic voice and absolute pitch; he had a great sense of rhythm. The boy sang in the local church choir and tried to learn to play the violin and clavichord himself. As it always happens with adolescents, the young Haydn in transitional age lost voice. He was immediately fired from the choir.

For eight years, the young man earned private music lessons, constantly improved himself through self-study and tried to compose works.

Life brought Josef to the Viennese comedian, popular actor — Johann Joseph Kurz. It was luck. Kurtz commissioned music from Haydn for his own libretto for the opera The Crooked Demon. The comic work was successful - for two years it went on theater stage. However, critics were quick to accuse the young composer of frivolity and "buffoonery". (This stamp was later repeatedly transferred by retrogrades to other works by the composer.)

Acquaintance with the composer Nicola Antonio Porporoi gave Haydn a lot in terms of creative skill. He served the famous maestro, was an accompanist in his lessons and gradually studied himself. Under the roof of the house, in a cold attic, Joseph Haydn tried to compose music on old clavichords. In his works, the influence of the work of famous composers and folk music was noticeable: Hungarian, Czech, Tyrolean motifs.

In 1750, Franz Joseph Haydn composed the Mass in F major, and in 1755 wrote the first string quartet. Since that time there has been a turning point in the fate of the composer. Josef received unexpected material support from the landowner Carl Furnberg. The philanthropist recommended the young composer to a count from the Czech Republic - Joseph Franz Morzin to a Viennese aristocrat. Until 1760, Haydn served as Kapellmeister with Morzin, had a table, shelter and salary, and could seriously study music.

Since 1759, Haydn has created four symphonies. At this time, the young composer got married - it happened impromptu, unexpectedly for himself. However, marriage to a 32-year-old Anna Aloysia Keller was imprisoned. Haydn was only 28, he never loved Anna.

Haydn died at his home in 1809. At first, the maestro was buried at the Hundsturmer cemetery. Since 1820, his remains were transferred to the temple of the city of Eisenstadt.

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