Mighty bunch of mhk. Composers of the "Mighty Handful" The Artistic Culture of Post-Reform Russia

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"A Mighty Handful" (definition by V. Stasov) Circle of St. Petersburg Composers. Circle of Petersburg composers. Founder - Mily Balakirev. Founder - Mily Balakirev. M.P. Mussorgsky, A.P. Borodin, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, Ts.A. Cui, Composition: M.P. Mussorgsky, A.P. Borodin, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, Ts.A. Cui,

Mily Alekseevich Balakirev composer, composer, pianist, pianist, conductor, conductor, head of the Mighty Handful. head of the Mighty Handful.

Studied at the Faculty of Mathematics of Kazan University. He studied at the Faculty of Mathematics of Kazan University for a year - he met with Glinka, he convinced him to devote himself to music for a year - he met with Glinka, he convinced him to devote himself to music. On March 18, 1862, together with Gavriil Lomakin, he founded the Free Music School. On March 18, 1862, together with Gavriil Lomakin, he founded the Free Music School. From 1868, as a director, he was in charge of the school until the autumn of 1874. From 1868, as a director, he was in charge of the school until the autumn of 1874.

From the autumn of 1867 to the spring of 1869 Mili Balakirev conducted symphony concerts Imperial Russian musical society. From the autumn of 1867 to the spring of 1869, Mily Balakirev conducted symphony concerts of the Imperial Russian Musical Society. In 1883, Balakirev was appointed by the emperor to head the court choir. In 1883, Balakirev was appointed by the emperor to head the court choir. lark

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin from an extramarital affair of 62-year-old Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili and 25-year-old Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova, and at birth was recorded as the son of a serf servant, Prince Porfiry Ionovich Borodin and his wife Tatyana Grigorievna. from an extramarital affair between 62-year-old Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedevanishvili and 25-year-old Evdokia Konstantinovna Antonova, and at birth was recorded as the son of a serf servant, Prince Porfiry Ionovich Borodin and his wife Tatyana Grigorievna.

Until the age of 7, the boy was a serf of his father, who, before his death in 1840, gave his son freedom and bought a four-story house for him and Evdokia Konstantinovna, who was married to a military doctor Kleinecke. The illegitimate boy was presented as the nephew of Evdokia Konstantinovna. Until the age of 7, the boy was a serf of his father, who, before his death in 1840, gave his son freedom and bought a four-story house for him and Evdokia Konstantinovna, who was married to a military doctor Kleinecke. The illegitimate boy was presented as the nephew of Evdokia Konstantinovna. Due to his origin, which did not allow him to enter the gymnasium, Borodin passed home schooling in all subjects of the gymnasium course, studied German and French and received an excellent education. Due to his origin, which did not allow him to enter the gymnasium, Borodin was educated at home in all subjects of the gymnasium, studied German and French and received an excellent education.

Already in childhood, he discovered musical talent, at the age of 9 he wrote the first work of the polka "Helen". Learned to play musical instruments first on the flute and piano, and from the age of 13 on the cello. At the same time, he created the first serious piece of music, a concerto for flute and piano. Already in childhood, he discovered musical talent, at the age of 9 he wrote the first work of the polka "Helen". He studied playing musical instruments, first on the flute and piano, and from the age of 13 on the cello. At the same time, he created the first serious piece of music, a concerto for flute and piano. At the age of 10, he became interested in chemistry, which over the years turned from a hobby into his life's work. At the age of 10, he became interested in chemistry, which over the years turned from a hobby into his life's work. In 1858, Borodin received a doctorate in medicine, having carried out chemical research and defended a dissertation on the topic "On the analogy of phosphoric and arsenic acid in chemical and toxicological relations." In 1858, Borodin received a doctorate in medicine, having carried out chemical research and defended a dissertation on the topic "On the analogy of phosphoric and arsenic acid in chemical and toxicological relations."

A.P. Borodin is also considered one of the founders of the classical genres of symphony and quartet in Russia. A. P. Borodin is also considered one of the founders of the classical genres of the symphony and quartet in Russia. Quartet symphonies Quartet symphonies He was the first to introduce images of the Russian heroic epic into the romance, and with them the liberating ideas of the 1860s. them liberating ideas of the 1860s romance epic of the 1860s-chromance of the epic of the 1860s

PRINCE IGOR Opera in four acts with a prologue Libretto by A. P. Borodin. Characters: Igor Svyatoslavovich, Prince Seversky - baritone Yaroslavna, his wife in his second marriage - soprano Vladimir Igorevich, his son from his first marriage - tenor Vladimir Yaroslavich, Prince. Galitsky, brother of Prince. Yaroslavna - high bass Konchak, Gzak, Polovtsian khans Konchakovna, daughter of Khan Konchak Ovlur, baptized Polovtsian - contraltotenor Nanny of Yaroslavna Polovtsian girl Russian princes and princesses, boyars and boyars, elders, Russian warriors, girls, people. Polovtsian khans, friends of Konchakovna, slaves (chags) of Khan Konchak, Russian captives, Polovtsian watchmen

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky Graduated from the school of guard ensigns. He graduated from the school of guards ensigns. His music was neither understood nor accepted by his contemporaries. His music was neither understood nor accepted by his contemporaries. Most famous works- operas "Boris Godunov", "Khovanshchina"; piano cycle"Pictures at an Exhibition" The most famous works are the operas "Boris Godunov", "Khovanshchina"; piano cycle "Pictures at an Exhibition"

Portrait by Ilya Repin Addiction to alcohol, which progressed strongly in the last decade of his life, became devastating to Mussorgsky's health and had a negative impact on the intensity of his work. After failures at work and dismissal, he was content with odd jobs and some financial support from friends. He died in a military hospital, where he was placed after an attack of delirium tremens.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov Rimsky-Korsakov was Rimsky-Korsakov was the composer creator composer school, among his students there are about two hundred composers, conductors, musicologists. school, among his students about two hundred composers, conductors, musicologists. Main musical heritage– operas: The Snow Maiden, Sadko, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, The Tsar’s Bride, The Golden Cockerel, etc. bride”, “The Golden Cockerel”, etc. Caesar Antonovich Cui Russian composer and music critic, professor of fortification, engineer-general. Russian composer and music critic, professor of fortification, general engineer. Operas The Captain's Daughter, A Feast During the Plague, Puss in Boots and others. Operas The Captain's Daughter, A Feast During the Plague, Puss in Boots and others. Works for orchestra, chamber instrumental ensembles. Works for orchestra, chamber instrumental ensembles.

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"Mighty handful" or Balakirev circle Balakirev M.A.

History of creation. The "Mighty Handful" is the generally accepted name for a group of composers that included: Mili Alekseevich Balakirev (1837-1910), Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (1839-1881), Alexander Porfirievich Borodin (1833-1887), Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908 ) and Caesar Antonovich Cui (1835-1918).

Often the “Mighty Handful” is called the “New Russian Music School”, as well as the “Balakirev Circle”, after its leader M.A. Balakirev. Abroad, this group of musicians was called the "Five" according to the number of main representatives. The composers of the "Mighty Handful" entered the creative arena during the period of a huge public upsurge of the 60s of the 19th century.

The history of the creation of the Balakirev circle is as follows: in 1855, M.A. Balakirev arrived in St. Petersburg from Kazan. The eighteen-year-old youth was extremely gifted in musically. At the beginning of 1856 he great success performs on the concert stage as a pianist and attracts the attention of the public. Especially great importance for Balakirev acquires his acquaintance with V.V. Stasov.

Mily Alekseevich Balakirev (1837-1910), organizer and inspirer of the Mighty Handful. Main works: "Glinka memory cantata", 2 symphonies, overtures, suites, choral works, romances.

Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov is the most interesting figure in the history of Russian art. Critic, art historian, historian and archaeologist, Stasov, acting as a music critic, was a close friend of all Russian composers. He was connected by the closest friendship with literally all major Russian artists, appeared in the press with the propaganda of their the best pictures and was also their best adviser and helper.

In 1856, at one of the university concerts, Balakirev met with Caesar Antonovich Cui, who at that time studied at the Military Engineering Academy and specialized in the construction of military fortifications. Cui was very fond of music. In his early youth, he even studied with the Polish composer Moniuszko. With his new and bold views on music, Balakirev captivates Cui, arouses in him a serious interest in art. Under the direction of Balakirev, Cui wrote in 1857 a scherzo for pianoforte four hands, the opera " Prisoner of the Caucasus", and in 1859 - a one-act comic opera"Son of the Mandarin"

Caesar Antonovich Cui (1835-1908) Military engineer. Main works: operas: “Prisoner of the Caucasus”, “William Ratcliff”, “Saracin”, “Feast during the Plague”, more than 300 romances.

The next composer to join the Balakirev - Stasov - Cui group was Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky. By the time he joined the Balakirev circle, he was a guards officer. He began to compose very early and very soon realized that he should devote his life to music. Without thinking twice, he, already an officer of the Preobrazhensky Regiment, decided to retire. Despite his youth (18 years old), Mussorgsky showed great versatility of interests: he studied music, history, literature, philosophy.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky (1839-1881) Graduated from the school of guards ensigns, since 1858 in the civil service, at the same time working on his musical works. Main works: Operas: "Salambo", "Marriage", "Boris Godunov", "Khovanshchina", "Sorochinsky Fair", works for orchestra, songs, romances, processing of Russian folk songs.

In 1862, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A.P. Borodin joined the Balakirev circle. If Rimsky-Korsakov was a very young member of the circle, whose views and musical talent were just beginning to be determined, then Borodin by this time was already a mature person, an outstanding chemist, friendly with such giants of Russian science as Mendeleev, Sechenov, Kovalevsky , Botkin.

AP Borodin (1834-1887) Considered chemistry his profession. In 1877 he received the title of academician. Main works: operas: "Prince Igor", "Bogatyrs", opera-ballet "Mlada", three symphonies, piano pieces, romances, chamber-instrumental ensembles. Close connection with Russian folklore.

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov (1844-1908) Served in navy and engaged creative activity. He wrote his first symphony at the age of 19. Main works: operas "The Snow Maiden". "Sadko", "Golden Cockerel", three symphonies, songs, choral and chamber works. All creativity is imbued with the "Russian spirit".

The formation and development of the views of the "Kuchkists". A great merit in the upbringing and development of its participants at that time belonged to M.A. Balakirev. He was their leader, organizer and teacher. Balakirev's teaching methods with his students were peculiar. He directly asked to compose symphonies, overtures, scherzos, opera excerpts, etc., and then he examined and strictly analyzed what was done. Balakirev managed to inspire his comrades in the circle and the need for broad self-education. In addition to Balakirev, V.V. Stasov also played a huge role in the leadership of young composers. Stasov's participation in the activities of the handful was diverse. Often, Stasov suggested plots for works and helped in their development and in a comprehensive discussion of already created works.

Each of the composers who were part of the "Mighty Handful" is a bright creative individuality and worthy self-study. However, the historical originality of the "Mighty Handful" was that it was a group of not just friendly musicians located to each other, but creative team, a military commonwealth of advanced artists of their time, soldered by ideological unity, common artistic guidelines. In this respect, The Mighty Handful was a typical phenomenon of its time. Similar creative communities, circles, partnerships were created in various fields of art. . In painting, it was the "Art Artel", which then laid the foundation for "wandering", in literature - a group of participants in the journal "Contemporary".

Russian people in the work of composers. The leading line in the theme of the works of the "Kuchkists" is occupied by the life and interests of the Russian people. Most of the composers of The Mighty Handful systematically recorded, studied and developed patterns folklore. Composers boldly used the folk song in both symphonic and operatic works (The Tsar's Bride, The Snow Maiden, Khovanshchina, Boris Godunov). Overcoming obstacles to the promotion of "national" music, attacks from critics, the composers of the "Mighty Handful" stubbornly continued their work of developing their native art and, as Stasov later wrote, "Balakirev's partnership defeated both the public and the musicians. It sowed a new fertile seed, which soon gave a luxurious and fruitful harvest.

The public and the "Mighty Handful". The composers of The Mighty Handful did a great deal of social and educational work. The first public manifestation of the activities of the Balakirev circle was the opening in 1862 of the Free Music School. The main organizer was M.I.Balakirev and the choirmaster G.Ya.Lomakin. Free School of Music its main task was to disseminate musical knowledge among the general population. By the end of the 70s and the beginning of the 80s, the work of the composers of the Mighty Handful was gaining wide popularity and recognition not only at home, but also abroad.

Breakup of the Five. The "Mighty Handful" as a single creative team existed until the mid-70s. By this time, in the letters and memoirs of its participants and close friends, one can increasingly find arguments and statements about the reasons for its gradual disintegration. Closest to the truth is Borodin. In a letter to the singer L.I. Karmalina in 1876, he wrote: “... As activity develops, individuality begins to take precedence over school, over what a person has inherited from others. ... Finally, in the same, in different epochs of development, in various times, attitudes and tastes in particular are changing. It's all very natural." Mussorgsky was the first of the leaders of the "Mighty Handful" to die. He died in 1881. Last years Mussorgsky's life was very difficult. In 1887 A.P. Borodin died. With the death of Borodin, the paths of the surviving composers of the Mighty Handful finally diverged. Balakirev, withdrawing into himself, completely departed from Rimsky-Korsakov, Cui had long lagged behind his brilliant contemporaries. Only Stasov remained in the same relationship with each of the three.

On the great traditions of the "Mighty Handful" Rimsky-Korsakov brought up a whole generation of musicians. Among them are outstanding artists like Glazunov, Lyadov, Arensky, Lysenko, Spendiarov, Ippolitov-Ivanov, Steinberg, Myaskovsky and many others. They brought these traditions alive and active to our time. Glazunov, Lyadov, Rimsky-Korsakov

The influence of the creativity of the "Kuchkists" on the world musical art. The work of the composers of the "Mighty Handful" is the highest example of musical art; at the same time, it is accessible, expensive and understandable to the most wide circles listeners. This is its great enduring value. The music created by this small but powerful group is a high example of serving the people with its art, an example of true creative friendship, an example of heroic artistic work.

"Night on Bald Mountain"

Opera "Boris Godunov"

M.A. Balakirev

Ts.A. Cui

The community included:

ON THE. Rimsky-Korsakov

A.P. Borodin

M.P. Mussorgsky

Vladimir Vasilievich Stasov

• mastermind
• circle consultant
• art critic
• writer
• archivist

Name

first seen in article Stasov "Slavic Concerto" Balakirev (1867): “How much poetry, feelings, talent and skill a little one has, but already a mighty handful of Russian musicians. The name "New Russian Music School" was put forward by the members of the circle, who considered themselves the heirs of Mikhail Glinka and saw their goal in the embodiment of the Russian national idea in music.

Mily Alekseevich Balakirev

(1836 -1910) a young, talented, educated musician, an excellent pianist, an excellent composer - he enjoyed great prestige among his comrades. He guided them along the path of development of national Russian music, helped them master the basics of composing technique.

Monument to M. Balakirev in Nizhny Novgorod

He was a volunteer at the Faculty of Mathematics of Kazan University. In St. Petersburg, Balakirev met with Glinka, who persuaded the young composer to devote himself to composing music in the national spirit. Serious music education Balakirev owes mainly to himself. In 1855, he first appeared before the St. Petersburg public as a virtuoso pianist.

Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka

(1804-1857)

The composers of the "Mighty Handful" considered themselves the heirs of M.I. Glinka and saw their goal in the development of Russian national music.

With love and care, young composers collected and studied Russian folk songs and used them in their work.

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin

(1833 -1887)

• Russian chemist and composer.
• he created more than 40 scientific papers in chemistry.
• Famous musical works of A.P. Borodin: opera "Prince Igor", symphony No. 2 "Bogatyrskaya", instrumental works, romances .

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky

Cui and Dargomyzhsky

gave Mussorgsky the idea of ​​the opera "The Marriage". Mussorgsky handed over the plan to Rimsky-Korsakov musical picture"Sadko"

Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky - Korsakov

(1844 - 1908) he is called a composer - a storyteller.

repeatedly came to the aid of Borodin while working on the opera "Prince Igor". After the death of his friends, Rimsky-Korsakov did a titanic job of completing or orchestrating Mussorgsky's operas Khovanshchina, Boris Godunov, The Marriage, Borodin's Prince Igor

Caesar Antonovich Cui

Talent - more lyrical than dramatic. An inexhaustible melodist, an inventive harmonist to the point of sophistication; less diverse in rhythm, owns modern orchestral means. His music, which bears the features of French elegance and clarity of style, Slavic sincerity, flight of thought and depth of feeling, is devoid, with few exceptions, of a specially Russian character.

Initially, the circle included Balakirev and Stasov, who were keen on reading Belinsky, Dobrolyubov, Herzen, Chernyshevsky. They inspired the young composer Cui with their ideas, and later they were joined by Mussorgsky, who left the rank of officer in the Preobrazhensky Regiment in order to study music.

• In 1862, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A. P. Borodin joined the Balakirev circle. If Rimsky-Korsakov was a very young member of the circle, whose views and musical talent were just beginning to be determined, then Borodin by this time was already a mature person, an outstanding chemist, friendly with such giants of Russian science as Mendeleev, Sechenov, Kovalevsky , Botkin.

K. E. Makovsky. Mighty bunch caricature

(pastel

pencil, 1871).

From left to right are depicted: Ts. A. Cui in the form of a fox wagging its tail, M. A. Balakirev in the form of a bear, V. V. Stasov (sculptor M. M. Antokolsky on his right shoulder in the form of Mephistopheles, on the pipe in the form of a monkey V. A. Hartman), N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov (in the form of a crab) with the Purgold sisters (in the form of domestic dogs), M. P. Mussorgsky (in the form of a rooster); A. P. Borodin is depicted behind Rimsky-Korsakov, A. N. Serov is throwing angry thunderbolts from the clouds at the top right.

In the 70s of the 19th century, the "Mighty Handful" ceased to exist as a close-knit group.

The activities of the "Mighty Handful" became an era in the development

Russian and world musical art.