What historical event is dedicated to the picture of seeing off the militia. Composition based on the painting by Raksha “Seeing the militia

Sections: Russian language

Target: learn how to properly select the material necessary for writing an essay.

Tasks:

• to analyze a work of art (Yu.Raksha "Seeing the militias");
• determine the theme, idea and problem of the work;
• be able to express their position in relation to the formulated problem, to give arguments;

Lesson type: speech development lesson.

Equipment: computer, video projector, reproduction of Yu. Raksha's painting "Seeing the Militia", "Explanatory Dictionary" by Ozhegov, maps of combat battles, history textbook, notebook for one lesson.

DURING THE CLASSES

I. Organizational moment

- Hello, guys and dear guests present at the lesson. I'm glad to see you. ( Presentation )
Let's wish each other good work with our smiles. Look to the right and smile at your neighbor, and now to your left, smile at your neighbor. Successful work. Have a seat.

II. Call

Guys, who left a history textbook here on the table?.. And there are some other maps in the textbook. These are battle cards.

What is shown on these cards?
What do these cards have in common?
- History can not only be read, heard, seen, but also be a participant in it. Directors make films based on historical events, writers create works in which the main characters are historical heroes, artists write canvases on which you can see history, feel it, feel it. The ancient Greek philosopher Horace argued that "a picture is a poem without words." That is why historical battles can be seen not only on historical maps, but also on the canvases of famous artists.
Where can you see these pictures?
- It is in the art gallery that we will go today. Here is an art gallery, there are many paintings around us. Welcome to the first room. Look carefully at the pictures.
- What do they show?

photo collage (portraits, people in the center)

What is shown in the top right picture? How many people are shown?
What is shown in the top left picture? How many people are shown?
What is shown in the lower right picture? How many people are shown?
What is shown in the lower left picture? How many people are shown?
What is in the center of the picture? How many people are shown?
– What unites all these reproductions of paintings?
- In what genre are all these paintings written?

III. Definition of the topic and purpose of the lesson

- Guys, try to formulate the topic of the lesson on your own? (Group portrait)
Every lesson has its purpose. Please define the purpose of our today's lesson?
- Guys, maybe you already know something about what a group portrait is and how to describe it correctly. Before you is the table "Logbook". Please think and fill in the first column of the table ( Attachment 1 ).
What do you already know about group portraits?

P about portrait - a genre of fine art, the subject of which is the image of a particular person. A group portrait is an image in which at least 3 or 4 people are drawn.

What do you think is the difference between a portrait and a group portrait?
– This question is not accidental. I suggest you go to the next room.
- Look how many pictures there are.

IV. Work on the topic of the lesson

My attention was drawn to the picture, which was painted by Yuri Raksha. This is a triptych "Field of Kulikovo".
- Tell me, please, do you know the word "Triptych"?
I suggest that you use a dictionary to explain the lexical meaning of the word and write it down in your notebook.
Today we will work with you only with the 3rd part of this picture, which is called "Seeing off the militia."
- Do you understand the meaning of the owl "Militia"? And who are the militias?

The triptych "Field of Kulikovo" is the crowning achievement of the famous Soviet artist Yuri Raksha.
– Maybe you know something about this artist from the art course? ( Annex 2 )
Thank you.

VI. History of the painting

Triptrich "Field of Kulikovo" the artist considered as the embodiment of his faith in the Russian people, as the top work. He told about her plan in his articles. “I realized that this would be the most modern picture for me,” he wrote. "And the decision came, let me see my heroes in the main highly spiritual moments ...". The picture was written with inspiration, created powerfully, although the artist was already mortally ill and knew that his days were numbered. He died with his last stroke, brush in hand.
The picture consists of three parts, but the canvas "Seeing the militia" is especially expressive.
Hear what the story behind the creation of this painting says.
The prince returned from Sergius and moved his troops from the white-stone walls of Moscow, built by him to the south, to the Don, "meeting the enemy."
In the center of the composition among those seeing off the militia is Evdakia, Dmitry's beloved wife. She does not cry, she has already cried out her own and now has no right to tears - she is the wife of a prince and must be courageous. She is pregnant, and this is a symbol - life goes on. Nearby is the son, who already understands that his father is leaving for the battle, and the daughter, listening with a smile to the sounds of pity, - as always in Russia, with music and tears, they escort their loved ones to the battle.

VII. "thin" and "thick" questions

VIII. Bring the picture to life

- Let's imagine ourselves as the heroes of this picture.
- Guys, you are a simple peasant girl who escorts her husband to battle. Describe your emotions.
- Guys, what feelings do you have that you are the princess who accompanied her husband to the battle?
- Guys, imagine that you are a gray-haired old man and escort your son or grandson to the battle. Describe your feelings.
What do all associations have in common?
– The author describes the feelings and experiences of the characters, regardless of their class, and conveys these emotions with the help of a portrait description.

IX. Reflection

- As you remember, the goal of our lesson is to learn how to describe a group portrait. To do this, we must work together to develop rules for describing a group portrait that will help you write an essay.
Now we have to work in groups.

1 group it is necessary to draw up a syncwine about what a group portrait is and, on its basis, make a related statement about the picture.

Recall the rules for compiling syncwines.

1 line - 1 noun that reflects the topic.
Line 2 - 2 adjectives characterizing the topic.
Line 3 - 3 verbs expressing actions, attitude to the topic.
Line 4 - a sentence of 4 words or a phrase expressing the problem.
Line 5 - 1 word-synonym for the topic.

2 group it is necessary to make a cluster about what details you need to pay attention to when describing a portrait.
Before you start working with a cluster, you need to remember the rules for its compilation.
Write the topic in the middle of the sheet. Then write down all the words and expressions that will help to reveal the topic.

3 group it is necessary, on the basis of the memo for writing essays, which is on page 222 of the textbook, to draw up a memo "writing an essay-description of a group portrait."

You have 10 minutes to work.
Let's look at the result of your work.

1 group please...
2 group...
3rd group...

- Guys, if you remember, at the beginning of the lesson we filled out 1 column of the "logbook". Please fill in the 2nd column - what new did you learn in the lesson.
“Today we repeated what a portrait is, learned how to describe it and deduced an algorithm for writing it.

X. Homework

- Now, using the material of our lesson, I suggest that you write an essay at home describing a group of people based on the painting "Seeing the Militia" by Yuri Raksha.
- I thank you for your work in the lesson! Thank you guests for your attention! Goodbye!

Description of the painting by Soviet artist Yuri Raksha “Seeing the militia” Painting essay for 8th grade.

Who painted the painting "Seeing the Militia"

The author of the painting is the artist Yuri Mikhailovich (1937-1980). He was not only a painter, but also a cinema director. He has over 200 paintings to his credit. One of the most famous is the “Kulikovo Field”, which is divided into three parts (triptych): “Blessing for the battle”, “Expectation” and “Seeing off the militia”. The picture has become so famous that today it is studied in schools and essays are written on it. It is a vivid example of the skill of Soviet artists, a subject of study of history, as well as a reference to the heroism and courage of the Russian people.

In what year was the painting "Seeing the Militia" painted?

The painting was painted in 1980, the year of the artist's death. It became a painting that, along with a number of other works, glorified his name and magnificent craftsmanship through the ages.

Seeing the militia description of the picture

"Seeing the militia" - the right side of the triptych "Kulikovo Field". The triptych refers to the historical battle on the Kulikovo field. On September 8, 1380, Russian soldiers converged here under the leadership of the Grand Duke of Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich Donskoy (1350-1389) and the army of the Golden Horde under the leadership of Mamai. The Tatar-Mongols were defeated in the Battle of Kulikovo. But Yuri Raksha's triptych demonstrates not the battle itself and not its outcome, but what happened before the battle.

This approach to work made it even more dramatic for the viewer. Here we can see the prince, the soldiers and those who see them off to the last battle. The work strikes with the tragedy of what is happening, when the warriors are preparing for the battle, from which many will not return. In the picture, they are still alive, full of strength and hatred for the enemy, ready to break the enemy force and give the Russian people freedom. But soon many of them will die in a bloody battle and remain on the battlefield. Others will emerge victorious from the battle, defeating the Golden Horde.

Perhaps the most tragic part of the triptych is the right "Seeing off the militia". Here we can see a heartbreaking moment when wives, mothers, children, fathers see off their sons, husbands, fathers on their last journey. They all understand that not everyone will return home from such a battle, and their relatives may be among those who lay down their lives on the Kulikovo field.

The focus here is not on warriors, but on those who see them off to battle. The warriors themselves, on foot and on horseback, are presented in the background as if in a misty haze. Here they are only the image of a hero and a fallen warrior, whose memory will never be forgotten. In the foreground, relatives of the soldiers-liberators.

In the center of a group of people, we can see a pregnant woman in expensive clothes. Apparently, this is the wife of Prince Dmitry Ivanovich, who later, for the victory in the Battle of Kulikovo, will be dubbed Donskoy. The wife of Prince Dmitry was Evdokia Dmitrievna (1353-1407), who bore him 12 children. Evdokia holds with her left hand the boy's shoulder, who lowered his head, and put her other hand on his stomach. Unlike the crying people around her, her face is proud and humble. Despite the fact that her heart is torn with grief, she continues to hold on, as befits a princess, with her appearance showing confidence in the victory of the Russian army and indestructible faith in the invincibility of the Russian spirit.

A little girl sits next to her. She picks flowers in the meadow. The girl with flowers is a symbolic figure. Flowers in her hand - as a tribute to those who will not return, but will give deliverance from the Tatar-Mongol yoke. On the other side of the princess is a heartbroken woman. Her legs no longer hold her, she sat down straight on the ground and clutched her head. The feeling of impending tragedy plunged her into a state of horror.

Behind the princess stands a tear-stained woman, who presses a frightened child to her chest. On the right hand is an old woman, someone's mother, who can no longer cry and with grief in her eyes looks at the departing warriors, among whom there is her son or even sons. Behind her is a gray-haired old man with a stick. Nearby is a young girl who crosses herself and bows after those leaving for battle, blessing them for victory.

Seeing the militia plan essay grade 8

1. Author
2. The plot of the picture
3. First plan
4. Second plan
5. What feelings does the picture evoke?

Essay on the painting Seeing the militia Grade 8

The triptych "Field of Kulikovo" was painted by the famous Soviet artist Yuri Mikhailovich Raksha in 1980. The painting became a real masterpiece of Russian painting and an example of the courage and bravery of Russian soldiers who defeated the Tatar-Mongol yoke during the battle on the Kulikovo field.

In the center of the plot of the three parts of the triptych is the preparation for the battle on the Kulikovo field on September 8, 1380. Yuri Raksha decided to write not the battle itself and not its outcome, but the atmosphere that prevailed before the battle. The mood of the picture is the expectation of a bloody battle. There is a sharp feeling that the warriors, who are already ready to go out against a powerful enemy, enter into their last battle and many will no longer return home, lay down their lives for their homeland, but will win and become famous for centuries.

Here we will consider the right side of the triptych, which has the name "Seeing the Militia". The other two are "Blessing for the Battle", "Anticipation". In the center of attention, in the foreground, is a group of people who are seeing off the soldiers. In the group we can see wives, mothers, children. Their mood is filled with inconsolable grief. They understand that they may not wait for their relatives, as the battle will be not for life, but for death.

In the center of the group stands the princess, the wife of Prince Dmitry, who, after the victory in this battle, will be called Donskoy. The princess is in a position, holding her son's shoulder with one hand. Her face is full of resilience. With her appearance, she sets an example to everyone around her that it is necessary to believe in the invincibility of Russian soldiers. She escorts the militia to battle, realizing that she is seeing many for the last time. They will lay down their lives for their Motherland, but they will definitely come with victory, as it has always been.

A girl is sitting next to the princess. She picks flowers on a hillock. The girl is still very small to understand what a tragedy is happening before her eyes. Flowers in her hands, as a symbol of the fact that soon the flowers will be carried to the graves of the dead. On the right side is a woman stricken with inconsolable grief, who sat down on the ground, as her legs no longer hold her. Behind the princess is a woman in a black robe, who hugs the boy tightly. Her mourning appearance symbolizes that mothers will soon lose their children, wives will become widows, children will remain orphans. In a brown robe, with her hand to her lips, is someone's mother, seeing off her sons to the war. Behind her stands a gray-haired old man with a stick. Apparently, the old man is blind, and that is the only reason he is not among those who go to battle. The group of people is closed by a girl who bows and crosses herself after the departing Russian army.

In the background is the army itself. Warriors are written as if in some kind of haze. On the one hand, Yuri Raksha did this in order not to distract the viewer's gaze from the main scene in the foreground. On the other hand, in the haze, the warriors look like the ghosts of great heroes who did not spare their lives in the service of the Fatherland.

Behind the entire procession is the stone wall of the city. An innumerable army continues to emerge from the gates of the fortress.

The picture is permeated with a sharp sense of impending grief. Warriors go into battle with a very strong enemy, and no one can stop this war. Their relatives are forced to come to terms with the fact that soon blood will be shed on the Kulikovo field, perhaps the blood of their sons, husbands, fathers.

The viewer, at the sight of this picture, wakes up pride in the courage of the Russian people. In the face of any danger, they are ready to defend the Motherland. Many wars fell on our country, we all know and remember them. And this picture shows all the pain from the feelings with which the soldiers are escorted into the bloody battle by their mothers, fathers, wives, children.

The date: 14th century, 1380, September 08
Description:
The battle of the Russian troops led by the Grand Duke of Vladimir and Moscow Dmitry Ivanovich with the Mongol-Tatars, led by the de facto ruler of the Golden Horde Temnik Mamai.

In the summer of 1380, Dmitry Ivanovich, having learned about the movement of the Horde army to Moscow, appealed to collect the Russian militia to repulse the enemy. Up to 200,000 soldiers gathered in Kolomna (the headquarters of Dmitry Ivanovich), the main core of which were Muscovites, as well as Ukrainian and Belarusian detachments. The plan of the campaign was that instead of defending on the Oka River, where Mamai could connect with his ally, the Lithuanian prince Jagiello, cross the Oka and move towards the enemy to the upper reaches of the Don. The Russian army for the battle with Mamai was blessed by St. Sergius of Radonezh, the founder and abbot of the Trinity-Sergius Monastery.

On the morning of September 8, 1380, the Russian regiments crossed from the left to the right bank of the Don at the confluence of the Nepryadva River and settled on the Kulikovo field. In front stood the Advanced Regiment, behind it - the Big Regiment, next to it on the flanks of the regiments of the Right and Left Hands, behind them - the reserve (cavalry). In the nearby forest (“in the oak forest”), the Ambush Regiment was stationed, led by Prince Vladimir Andreevich the Brave and boyar Dmitry Bobrok-Volynsky. The crossing of the Don meant Dmitry Ivanovich's determination to fight to the end, since the possibility of retreat was greatly complicated by the fact that the Don and Nepryadva rivers, as well as deep ravines, were in the rear of the Russian army. At the same time, such a position made it difficult for the Tatar-Mongolian cavalry to move around. Mamai's army stood in a deployed formation without reserves, the cavalry was located in the first line, and the infantry was in the second.

The battle began with a duel between two heroes Peresvet and Chelubey. Both of them died in this fight. Immediately after the death of the combatants, the Tatar cavalry, having crushed the Advanced Regiment, began to push the Big Regiment. The Russian army suffered heavy losses. In the first minutes of the battle, boyar Mikhail Brenok, who fought in the Great Regiment in the armor of the Grand Duke and under his banner, was killed. Dmitry Ivanovich in the clothes of an ordinary soldier fought in the ranks of the same regiment. The onslaught of the Mongol-Tatars in the center was delayed by the commissioning of the reserve. Mamai transferred the main blow to the left flank and began to push the Russian regiments. The unexpected powerful blow of the fresh forces of the Ambush Regiment to the rear and flank of the Tatar-Mongolian army and the offensive of other Russian regiments led to the crushing defeat of the Mamayev army, the remnants of which the Russian regiments pursued and destroyed for 50 miles from the Kulikovo field.

The Battle of Kulikovo was of historical importance in the struggle of the Russian and other peoples against the Tatar-Mongol yoke. Although it did not lead to the elimination of the Mongol-Tatar yoke in Russia, however, a strong blow was dealt to the dominance of the Golden Horde on the Kulikovo field, which accelerated its subsequent collapse.

The most sacred thing on earth is to defend your homeland, your native corner, your land from the enemy. This is the main business of every person. It has always been considered right in Russia to live like a true patriot, and to die defending the Motherland has always been considered a great honor. The plot of Raksha's patriotic painting "Seeing the Militia" tells about this. The theme of this painting touches upon the time when the Tatar-Mongol yoke attacked Russia and the Russian people were forced to defend their native Russian land.

Yuri Mikhailovich depicted on his canvas the militia, which slowly leave the city and are already beginning to go out of the city gates. And in the city itself, people gathered to see off the soldiers who would have to protect them. Mostly they are women and children, there are few old people among them. To the left of the picture, people are walking smoothly, as if it looks like a river surface, which slowly shimmers over the area. The people are already leaving the city gates, which are painted white.

But the author of the picture shows that the militia that will defend the city consists not only of warriors, behind whom there are already many battles and battles. Among the defenders are peasants, and ordinary and ordinary citizens. Some go on foot, others follow slowly in the crowd on horseback, but they all have one goal: they go to battle to defend the freedom and independence of their native Russian land.

The painter Raksha placed local residents in the central place of his picturesque and very poetic canvas. So, on the right side of the long folk river are children and women. Most likely, these are the mothers, sisters and wives of those warriors who went to defend the city. They went out to see their close people to a military and fair battle. They all hope that their men still return home with a victory.

Grief and war united people of different classes. Among the mourners, as well as among the militia, there are those who belong to a noble family and ordinary people. By the way, they can be easily seen and distinguished in the crowd of mourners. The grief that came to their city affected the quiet life of each of them. Therefore, both the rich and the poor now stand huddled together, they no longer have social boundaries.

Among the women, the one that stands out among the crowd is the one who makes the sign of the cross and bows to the army. She also came here to see off her loved ones and is well aware that many of those who are now leaving the city gates will most likely never return home, which is why she bows to them, thanking them for their feat. Each of those women who stand in the crowd peers at their close men: father, brother, husband, son. They try to remember them, and, most importantly, to follow at least with their eyes. But they reflect grief and sadness, as well as great anxiety.

One of the women, being in grief, sat down on the grass. She is bare-headed and in a red sundress. The artist captured it at the moment when he can no longer restrain himself. Her strength left her, and she, sitting right on the grass, slightly throwing her head back, cries. Her mouth is open as she wails out loud. By the way this woman is being killed, one can understand that she is so shocked by everything that is happening that she even managed to lose hope that she would ever see alive the one who had just left to defend her homeland. She weeps and wails about him, as for an already dead warrior.

Among the mourners, a young, stately and beautiful woman occupies a central place. Her hair is neatly braided into a single wheat-colored braid. A headband is worn on the head. Her dress is yellow with blue stripes. From the way she is dressed, the way she carries herself, it is clear that this woman is not at all a commoner, but a noble family. With her left hand, she carefully hugs the boy, most likely, this is her son. His face is sad, so he lowered his head. It is evident that he does not want to part with his father at all. This woman escorts her husband, but at the same time holds herself proudly, and does not allow her bad thoughts to destroy her dream of his soon return.

Maybe it is her husband who leads this militia, so she, as the governor's wife, simply has no right to be weak. That's why she looks like she's strong in spirit. And only sadness and longing in the eyes betrays her. She understands that she has a son next to her, who will soon also become a warrior, so she must show him an example of stamina and endurance. Of course, she raises her son in such a way that he is proud of his father, who boldly and decisively goes into battle, realizing that he needs to protect his native land and family.

Painting by Yu.M. Rakshi impresses with its expressiveness of shades and colors, as the artist decided to pick up unusual and interesting ones. The emotional depth of feelings and experiences cannot but amaze. The women, whom the artist conveys in such detail and accurately in his canvas, focusing attention precisely on them, are images, first of all, of the Russian land, which mourns, but escorts its sons to the liberation battle.

Yuri Rakshi is a 20th century painter who created about two hundred paintings. Most of them are dedicated to the topic. One of these canvases is the picture of Raksha "Seeing the militia". This work also has a second name, “Women's Cry,” and for a reason, because when you look at the picture, the first thing that rushes is a bunch of heartbroken women, among whom the old man is also lost.

He, perhaps, himself is glad to be among the warriors, but his age does not allow him to go to war, because he will only be a burden. He can only shout parting words in the wake. All the women came out to see off their brothers, fathers, loved ones. Moreover, seeing off, they understand that many of them see for the last time, because the war is merciless and takes lives indiscriminately. For this reason, women cannot hold back their tears, cannot hide their sadness and pain.

Seeing the militia description of the picture

Among the heartbroken women, we see a woman in position, who hugs her firstborn. She is dressed in beautiful clothes and it is clear that she is from a rich class. Next to her, a second woman fell to the ground; she, unlike the others, was without a headscarf. Apparently, he flew off her head when she ran out in order to see the men. Next to this woman is a girl picking flowers. She probably wants to give them to her father as a talisman. Older women are standing a little further, they no longer cry, they cried out their tears, because, most likely, this is not the first time they have escorted their men to the war. These women only silently bless the warriors on their way and pray that they all come back. All of them: both rich and poor, commoners and women of a noble family, were united by grief, in the face of war.

Considering the work of Raksha "Seeing the militia" and describing the picture, one cannot but say about the courageous warriors who are sent to certain death for the good of their homeland, for the good of their relatives and friends, so that they live on a land free from enemies. They, like the river that the author depicted far outside the city, come out of the gate, only this is a people's river, consisting of peasants, nobility, ordinary citizens: on foot and horsemen.