Founder of hip hop culture. Hip-hop dance directions

The younger generation, a peculiar way of his self-expression. We will tell you more about its appearance and features later in the article.

Subculture development

The modern fashion trend appeared in America. The first dancers and performers in this style were African Americans.

Speaking about what hip-hop is as a musical and dance trend of youth culture, one must take into account that initially this style had a very bright social orientation. He was a kind of challenge to the rich hypocrites and corrupt officials. Later, hip-hop became a fashion trend, which means that it began to be supported commercially.

The word "hip" was borrowed from the dialect of African Americans, it denoted the moving parts of the body. Its other meaning is "the desire for improvement." "Hop" means jump. When these two words are combined, it turns out - development, moving forward, rethinking life, and so on.

In 1974, DJ Africa Bambaata identified 5 components of hip-hop, and the rapper Keith Wiggins and Grandmaster Flash since 1978 began to develop the direction further. It all started with a simple joke. When the young men saw off a friend to work, they laughed, marched and sang, echoing the rhythm, the word "hip-hop". This is how the musical rhythm of the described music was born.

One of the founders of this subculture is Kool-Herk. At his parties, he accompanied the sounding music with a recitative, later this manner of performance would be called Rap. So that the dancers could show their talents, Kool-Herk made musical breaks (breaks) between his performances. Thanks to this, those who wished to come out in a circle and demonstrated their abilities in a dance.

Kinds

Hip-hop, being the direction of youth culture, calls for self-expression. Girls and boys in dance or music show their individuality. This course includes five directions:

• musical (rap);
• dance (break dance);
• artistic (graffiti);
• sports (basketball and streetball).

In the 90s, another direction developed - gangster rap, which was saturated with aggression and cruelty. It was a kind of propaganda of the criminal world and its values.

Dancing

What is hip hop dance? Today it is a dynamic style. Hip-hop dances include elements such as movement, rotation, jumping, "bouncing" the body, and so on. Hip-hop dancers can demonstrate their swagger, ostentatious relaxation, softness, and so on.

The origin of hip-hop dance falls on the 70s, and its basis is African-American jazz (translated as "improvisation"). It was conceived by the Americans as a confrontation with the outside world, a struggle for freedom. Hip-hop dances suggest freedom in everything: in movements, clothes, emotions.

Now afro-jazz is a separate direction. But if you look at it as a special dance of black tribes, you can see a lot in common with the hip-hop dance of our time.

African-American youth in dancing around the fire revealed their feelings and emotions. There was some relaxation in their movements. According to local tribes, God lives in the earth. This religious moment is also reflected in Afro-jazz: many movements in the dance are turned to the floor. This explains both the low landing of the dancers and the slightly relaxed knees. All this allows us to talk about hip-hop as a street dance based on improvisation and freedom of movement.

Today, new directions are emerging, numerous dance schools are opening, and competitive hip-hop is one of the most popular dance trends all over the world.

Music

What is the direction, which is based on two main elements: rap (recitative) and the rhythm that the DJ sets. The performers of this music call themselves "MC". A rapper must master the art of rhyming. It is rap that is considered the ancestor of the described youth culture.

At first, hip-hop songs were the singer's own speeches, the purpose of which was to address the listener and the surrounding society with a certain issue (usually on social topics). Public Enemy is a previously known hip-hop group, thanks to which this direction began to develop.

Hip-hop becomes popular in the 90s, when this direction is advanced to a commercial level, more and more new trends appear in it. But they all have the same basis - reciting rhythmic recitative (turnip) to melody and rhythm.

Peculiarities

Originating in America among ordinary African Americans, hip-hop has stirred up numerous problems at the public and political level. Therefore, this culture also implies extraordinary attributes:

• performers' clothing is loose trousers or trousers, sweatshirts with hoods, baseball caps, ski hats, etc.;
• accessories - bright wide laces, massive chains, wristlets, etc.

It's easy to talk about what hip-hop is today - it's an incredibly popular trend in modern youth culture. Before mastering this musical or dance style, you need not only to master the basic movements, but also to understand true meaning and the basis of modern subculture.

When most people hear the term hip hop, they think of a musical genre that has gradually come to dominate pop music over the past twenty years. If you look at hip-hop a little earlier, this genre was called rap, which was very annoying to censors and parents.

Although most people think of hip-hop as a musical genre at the moment, in fact, the musical genre of hip-hop culture is rap, hip-hop also spawned new style dance (breakdance) and fine arts (graffiti). This subculture has interesting history, and below are ten facts you probably don't know about hip-hop.

10. Hip-hop existed long before rap and even recitative

Music has always been an important part of hip hop culture, but some of the elements of the culture predated the relationship with music. In fact, hip-hop's connection to music began in the late 60s, when members of the Black Spades street gang began to listen to music loudly through their large tape recorders; many influential hip-hop personalities (for example, one of the founders of hip-hop music, DJ Afrika Bambaataa Afrika Bambaataa) were involved in street gangs. A truce between the Bronx gangs in 1971 created a less disruptive atmosphere among the youth of the Bronx, with house or block parties typified by early hip-hop DJs.

Surprisingly, the first person to take up traditional hip-hop art was a short Greek named Demetrius. As a young man, he began to draw his nickname and house number everywhere he went - and since he worked as a courier, he went to many places. The omnipresence of his "stamp" brought him fame; The New York Times published an article about him in the summer of 1971, and even today TAKI 183 is known around the world as the father of modern graffiti art, the oldest of the four elements of hip-hop. However, he still hides his last name.

9. Hip-hop has a birthday: August 11, 1973


Many of the above parties were hosted by 16-year-old Jamaican boy Clive Campbell in the common room of the high-rise building he lived in, 1520 Sedgwick in the Bronx. A tall muscular guy, nicknamed Hercules or "Kool Herc" (Kool Herc) was the first who experimented with repeating excerpts from popular songs - he had two "turntables" on which he manually twisted the records to the desired passages. Dancers were always waiting for a "break" in order to show their best moves, so Herc decided that by stretching these passages as long as possible, he would make people dance. Coincidentally, Herc was the first to name these dancers b-boys, and the dance style they came up with became known as "breakdancing".

Herc organized a "back to school jam" party on August 11, 1973 in order to raise money for school clothes. This party is widely recognized as the first time all the rap-related elements were present in one place - Herc played breaks for his "b-boys" all night, and his friend Coke La Rock (Coke La Rock) rocked as an MC , encouraging the crowd to dance through the microphone. Although rap did not yet exist at that time, the party of a 16-year-old boy was its beginning.

8. Early Hip Hop Recordings Are Not Rap Songs


At the moment, Kool Herk is considered the "Godfather of rap", and his various musical tastes set the direction for a new genre. Although the "breaks" he used were always characterized by strong bass and drumming, it didn't matter to him where he got those breaks - "they just had to sound good". The breaks that founded the sound of rap were taken from almost every genre of music: funk, rock, disco, and even early electronic music like Kraftwerk.

Naturally, many of these records were used during the "golden age" of rap (from 1986 to 1993). As a result, several obscure songs from Gerk's records have become an important part of popular music. Listen to “It’s Just Begun” by Jimmy Castor Bunch, “Apache” by Incredible Bongo Band, “Take Me To The Mardi Gras” by Bob James and feel dizzy as your brain remembers that it has heard parts of these songs in other songs dozens of times.

7. We know exactly where the word "hip-hop" came from.

Some of the familiar elements of hip-hop - rap, DJing, and breakdancing - were called that way long before anyone outside of New York knew what it was. However, at the time of the origin of culture, it did not have any name. When the culture finally got a name, it was in typical hip-hop fashion, a young MC teasing one of his friends.

Keith "Cowboy" Wiggins was an early MC and a member of the founding group Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five. The words "Hip/Hop" was a phrase he sang in a jazzy way, imitating marching soldiers - thus he mocked a friend who was drafted into the army. For some reason, the phrase made its way into his performance and during the Furious Five's early performances, they were often referred to derisively as hip-hoppers. Afrika Bambaataa said that DJ Lovebug Starski was the first to use the term to describe culture in general, and the term was first published in the Village Voice newspaper in 1981 in an article about Bambaataa.

Unfortunately, Wiggins passed away in 1989, but the line he used to taunt his friend will live on forever.

6. DJ Grandmaster Flash invented the mixer and wrote (and performed) the first rap

Joseph Saddler, one of the first DJs known as Grandmaster Flash, not only helped establish a culture, he also invented the device that would become the modern DJ mixer. It was a crossfader - a slider that translates the sound between two audio channels. All mixers currently have a crossfader, which allows the DJ to listen to a song that is currently playing only in his headphones. Flash was an electronics student, so it was easy for him to remake a simple switch for his own purposes.

His other contribution is less intuitive - he wrote the first rap. The first MCs simply called the names of the people in the crowd and said simple rhymes to woo the dancers. The Flash got fed up with this, so he wrote a long rhyming line for his MC. None of the MCs wanted to say that line, so Flash took the microphone himself and delivered the recitative. Grand Wizard Theodore, the Flash's protégé (and the inventor of scratch), told the story in an interview, confirming that the DJ actually invented rap. Speaking of rap...

5. The main stars were DJs, not rappers (even the dancers were "cooler" than rappers)


The aforementioned Herc, The Flash, and their fellow DJs were the first stars of hip-hop, before MCs even started rapping and doing anything other than cheering the crowd on. It wasn't until the late '70s that MC's started to become popular, when The Flash's Furious Five and Theodore's Fantastic Five began making elaborate rhymes. Solo MCs such as Kurtis Blow and Busy Bee also became popular at the time, starting a tradition of ostentatious rappers that continues to this day.

Moreover, in the early 70s, at hip-hop parties, b-boys were second in importance after DJs. Many b-boy crews (like the legendary Rock Steady Crew) have been a major attraction on New York's dance floors thanks to their acrobatic, fast-paced dance style that served as a great visual accompaniment to the DJ's music. The release of the first records of rap in 1979 moved MC to the main role.

4. "Rapper's Delight" wasn't the first rap record


While "Rapper's Delight" by the Sugarhill Gang is undoubtedly a rap classic and the song that brought rap to the masses, it's not the first rap record. The championship belongs to "King Tim III" funk group Fatback Band (The Fatback Band) with guest MC Tim Washington (Tim Washington). This record beat Sugarhill by a month, but it didn't even come close to the success of three guys from Jersey that no one had heard of.

3. Recorded for years using live music, not sampling


Before samplers were available (or in the world at all), the first rap record label, Sugarhill, hired musical group, whose task was to repeat the popular breaks that MC used in their records. The trio consisted of bassist Doug Wimbish (who would go on to join Living Colour), guitarist Skip McDonald, and legendary drummer Keith LeBlanc, and they successfully recreated the breaks for many early rap recordings.

And this trio was simply the most recognized, the musicians as a whole played a big role in the early recordings of rap. Samplers did not appear until the early 80s, when Curtis Blow, the first rapper to be signed to a major record label, used Mercury Records' finances to develop sampling technology.

2. The first hit to include rap was written by a rock band.


The first rap records were regional hits, and some even made brief appearances on various Billboard charts. However, none of them stayed long on the popular charts until 1986, when Aerosmith released a collaborative track with Run-DMC called "Walk This Way".

Elements of rap music have hit the popular charts before, for example, in January 1981 in the form of the single "Rapture" by the New York group Blondie. The song concludes with a rambling, long-winded and wobbly rap by singer Deborah Harry, who references Grandmaster Flash and "Fab Five Freddy", the leader of a local graffiti crew (and future host of MTV's Yo!), in her rap. Despite Harry's poor performance and nonsensical rhymes about a man from Mars eating cars, the song hit #1 on the Billboard charts and is considered the first rap to do so.

Significantly, the British punk band The Clash reached number 34 on the UK Singles Chart in 1981 with "The Magnificent Seven", a New York-based hip hop song featuring singer Joe Strummer ) with the same "success" tried to rap. Although the song did not chart in the US, it was released for 6 months before the song"Blondie".

1. A 1977 New York City power outage catalyzed the hip-hop scene.


The 1977 New York City power outage—nearly 24 hours without power in all five boroughs—came at the most inopportune moment. The economy at that time was in decline, the serial killer Son of Sam was on the loose, and the city was engulfed in heat. As a result, riots began almost immediately in the city - looting, arson, robbery, and so on. More than 1,600 stores were looted and entire neighborhoods were burned. It's hard to find something positive in this situation, unless you're a beginner DJ who needed a technique.

DJ Disco Wiz, a contemporary of Grandmaster Caz, said that before the accident there were only 5 real DJs in all of New York, after the accident there was a DJ in every block. Hundreds of poor children were suddenly able to "afford" free, high-quality equipment. The growth of hip-hop became exponential after 1977, and the accident was the cause of it.

This, of course, does not justify such behavior - looting is illegal and usually not a way to spread a subculture around the world - but the fact remains that if it were not for the accident and looting, hip-hop could not have gone beyond New York.

Hip-hop is not just a music or dance direction. It's a lifestyle and a way of expressing yourself. younger generation

Hip-hop is a dance and musical direction of youth culture. At the beginning of the 20th century, hip-hop had a pronounced social orientation in creativity: it protested against injustice, the domination of money, and corruption. Then, gradually, it became fashionable, and therefore commercial. However, in the hip-hop environment and now there are many performers who adhere to the original, oppositional line in creativity to the authorities.

History of occurrencedance

The word "hip" came from an African American dialect and was used to refer to the moving parts of the human body. In addition, the word "hip" was used in the meaning of "acquisition of knowledge, improvement." The word "hop" means "jump, leap". Thus, united, two words express the idea of ​​the whole trend of hip-hop - forward movement, development, understanding of modern life, sharp criticism of negative aspects.

The five basic elements of hip-hop were formulated by DJ Afrika Bambaataa in 1974. In 1978, rapper Keith "Cowboy" Wiggins, along with Grandmaster Flash, contributed to further development new current. And it all started with a joke. Young people, seeing off their friend to the army, sang the words hip-hop, hip-hop in a jazz manner, imitating the stamped step of marching soldiers. Thus was born the rhythm of the new musical direction. Colleagues of young experimenters, disco artists, mockingly called them "hip-hoppers", not suspecting that it was thanks to them that a new youth culture was born that would find fans all over the world.

What is hip hop?

Hip-hop culture is based on five pillars: DJing, MCing, Breaking, Graffiti and Knowledge. African-American DJs sought to diversify the monotony of disco compositions and began to experiment with records, reshaping the compositions in their own way. The musical field of hip-hop is vast, but its essence is the same for all currents: the recitation of rap - rhythmic recitative - on a melodic and rhythmic basis. Grandmaster Flash created the technical basis of hip hop that is now used by many DJs. It consists of a double set of turntables connected so that the sound of one record can be superimposed on the sound of another.

In the 80s, the DJ technique was enriched with new techniques: "scratch" - "scratching" became widely used. This technique involves the ability of the DJ to move the record back and forth in such a way that the rhythmic pattern is not disturbed. It was this music that became the basis for the development of hip-hop dance.

Kinds

As noted above, hip-hop is not just music or dance, but a youth subculture in general, allowing its adherents to express their individuality. Therefore, dance and musical compositions in the style of hip-hop can differ significantly from each other. In the culture of hip-hop, the following areas can be distinguished:

1. Music - rap

3. Visual arts - graffiti, drawing on the walls

4. Sports - basketball and streetball

In the 80s and 90s, such a hip-hop phenomenon as gangster rap arose. The texts of this style were permeated with aggression, cruelty and promoted the values ​​of the criminal environment.

Features of hip hop

Hip-hop originated as a means of self-expression for the African-American population of America. This trend for the first time touched on acute social, political and racial problems. Hip-hop culture also implies a special style of clothing. Attributes of clothing in the style of hip-hop are wide pants, sneakers, baseball caps, sweatshirts with hoods. Various accessories complement the image - massive chains, plaques, wristlets, wide laces, etc.

Now hip-hop is one of the most successful, from a commercial point of view, directions. modern culture and, accordingly, dances.

Hello .
Today I would like to tell you about the dance styles of hip hop culture.
Hip-hop - cultural direction, which originated among the working class of New York on November 12, 1974.
DJ Afrika Bambaataa was the first to mention five sub-sections of hip-hop culture: emceeing (MCing), DJing (DJing), breaking (breaking), graffiti (graffiti writing) and knowledge (a certain philosophy of things).
Other elements include: beatboxing, slang and hip-hop fashion.

Originating in the South Bronx in the 1980s, hip hop has become a part of a youth culture that is growing in many parts of the world. In the late 1990s, from a street culture with a direct acute social direction, hip-hop gradually turned into a part of the music industry, and by the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, the subculture became “fashionable.” There was a place for business and, of course, distribution to the masses. However, despite all the pathos and corruption that hangs around hip-hop, there are many figures who still continue its main line - a protest against inequality and injustice, an appeal to the authorities and to society ...
Hip-hop, as such, is divided into many directions.
But we will talk about dance styles such as Breakdance, Hip-hop (New Style, Old School, La, etc.), Locking and Papping, Crump, C-Walk. All of them are part of the numerous hip-hop culture. Also, each style has a lot of subsections and its own subculture.

Brakedance- a dance that has grown into a whole culture, which includes many of its own sub-styles and elements.

Break began to dance for the first time on the streets of the western districts New York, in the early seventies. There is a theory that

James Brown encouraged young people from the ghetto to create a new style of dance. He is considered the founder of funk. B-Boying was greatly influenced by

Uprock, which is a dance fight in which the dancers do not touch each other, staging a fight. It was usually used by street gangs in battles (battles) to resolve the issue of who is cooler and better.

At first, the break was considered a street culture, one might even say an underground one. They were not considered anything, they were considered just scum, but these children from the ghetto proved that they are something more than rebels and criminals, as the public considered them. The Rock Steady Crew took their place in the history of breaking. They took breaking to a new level. It was Crazy Legs from Rock Steady who invented such popular movements as backspin and windmill (aka helik). Also, Puerto Ricans made a great contribution to the development of b-boying with their capoeira tricks, including many friezes / tricks.

Hip-hop and funk have always gone hand in hand, thanks in part to James Brown.
Dance directions these cultures are as closely connected as the music industry itself. If modern rappers have moved away from the funk style, then breaking and locking are still connected. Many consider locking part of breaking, although this is far from being the case.
In order to understand what and how, let's talk with you about the most basic style of the Funk Styles family, locking.

Locking- one of the few directions of dance, the ancestor of which can be identified.

They are Don Campbell.
He was born in St. Louis and spent his childhood in Los Angeles.
Once having received some useful lessons in different dance styles from his friend, Don tried to show his skills at the disco. There he began to dance, demonstrating elements of various dances taught by his friend. But everything was mixed up in his head, and from time to time he froze, deciding what to do next. To Don's surprise, people liked it and everyone applauded him. To the point that one of the best college dancers, Sam Williams, gave him the nickname "Campbell Castle" (lock), for his unsurpassed style. Don decided to experiment and develop a dance with "locks". As a result, having reached a certain level, he received from the same Sam an invitation to a dance competition, where he took 5th place out of 15 participants.

He did not try to remove his shortcomings. On the contrary, he presented shortcomings as virtues, and proclaimed a positive and a smile as the main goal of his dance. So various comic poses were added to the castles, which gave their zest against the background of numerous other dance styles, which the audience liked.
The show Don Cornelius - Soul Train helped the promotion. It was the central dance show on US television. Just one of the passes was won by Don Campbell! This is where the real locking movement began.
Many street teams adopted locking into their arsenal. The 70s were the years in which there was a struggle between dance styles. More and more styles were created that are no longer remembered. Locking entered the arsenal of b-fights with the aim of hitting and winning opponents, and it began to be danced as a "top break".
I completely forgot to say about "Funk Styles" It's definitely worth learning that the Funk Styles direction appeared in the second half of the 70s in Los Angeles (California).
Initially, Funk Styles includes 2 styles. These are Popping and Locking. After, with the development of dance styles, they began to include: electric boogie, aka Electric Boogaloo (wave), robot, king-tat, animation.
In fact, it is very difficult to say what is what, and from what it came. Some say that the Robot is an independent style, others that it is a sub-style of Popping. Some say that waving is also a sub-style of popping, others that it is the same as electric boogie, which, by the way, is correctly called Electrc Boogaloo, which in turn appeared as a pseudo-style accidentally invented by people who want to dance Popping, but not knowing what it is. Others generally throw everything into hip hop. The dance community seems to be arguing - who breathes louder. Numerous disputes have not led to anything, but it’s not for me to judge this here, what is what. But still there remains an immortal gratitude to those people who nevertheless gave us all this, and still in In the 21st century, many are practicing these styles and their philosophies.

Hip-hop- based in the black neighborhoods of America. The dance technique and its emotional mood expressed their protest against social inequality, and was called the old hip hop school(Old school). But over time, everything changes, including the social position of blacks. The dance, beloved by many, acquires new features, given style enters the New School era. This is how a new direction of Hip-hop dances - New Style - is developing.

new style. aka Freestyle.
It differed from the old school in that it included many moves from other dance styles. He easily gets along with such styles as: Break-Dance, Waving and many others, borrowing from them all the new dance moves. Numerous turns, low jumps, swing and even the top break. All this provides the performer with the widest choice of actions, so the main weapon of the New Style dancer is the ability to improvise. Learning hip-hop dance often begins with New Style, it is easy and pleasant to learn, the whole dance depends on imagination, on the ability to find new elements and combine incongruous. This is pure Freestyle.

L.A Style.
It should not be confused with New Style, there is a big difference. LA Style was born in Los Angeles and is a kind of "hip-hop", but with more emphasis on performance compared to New Style. The most important difference between LA Style was not the individuality of the dancer, which manifests itself in his vision and sense of music, and improvisation, but the manifestation of pure choreography in this type of dance. This feature has become the reason that LA Style is often used in clips, when staging shows, stage venues. If almost all types of club and street dances are strong in their improvisation, then LA Style, on the contrary, implies the accuracy and beauty of movements. Links, clear memorized schemes, etc. Nowadays, almost no one music video can't do without this style.

krump(Krump) - the dance is based on free, energetic and even aggressive movements of arms, legs, head, chest...

It originated in the southern regions of Los Angeles.
Crump is actually an acronym. It is deciphered as Kingdom Radically Uplifted Might Praise.

Kingdom- kingdom. This is our inner world in dance. Our feelings, our emotions, our thoughts are all in this "realm".

radically- root. This is something that is present in a person from birth. When ordinary people look at the dancers, they often mistakenly think that they can't do the same. Each person can release his spirit and feel its power. You just have to listen to yourself and believe in yourself.

Uplifted- climb. That's what dance gives you. When we dance, we wind up our emotional state, raising the strength of our spirit and faith in ourselves.

Might- strength in all its manifestations. It can be the strength of a warrior fighting in battle, and the strength of a monk at rest, or even the strength of animal aggression that is within us, any strength of self-confidence expressed through dance. By the way, this is a kind of krump substyle.

Praise - to praise, praise. Inside, everything screams: “Yeah! I did it!
The main thing is to show all this power and will in the dance.
In fact, there are a lot of uprock, S wolf, even tiktonic movements in this style. It is very expressive and energetic. Battles about Kramp can easily be confused with a fight, because the dance itself is aggression, this fight is not rarely physical.

Breakdancing, of course, is directly related to hip-hop culture, but breakdance rappers rarely dance. Break is difficult to learn only for a bright and cool image..
And in the distant 70s in the Los Angeles suburb of Compton, rappers first began to dance the C-walk.

C-Walk was a virtuoso, impromptu footwork, sharp and fast.
In the early 80s, the C-Walk was used as a symbolic dance by the Crips. Actually, it was then that Crip Walk got its name. The Crips used these original leg movements to represent their name or give bandit signs and so on.
They wrote the name of the opposing Bloods gang with their feet and crossed it out, thus demonstrating their superiority. In response to this, the main enemy gang, the Bloods, came up with a similar dance. The main difference between B-Walk is only the participation of hands. In the late 90s, Crip Walking "a movements became part of the basic elements of hip-hop. Today this dance is known as Crip Walk and has two varieties: Clown Walk - a faster style with the addition of entertaining mannerisms, and Crown Walk is a synthesis of Crip Walk and Clown Walk movements.
Gradually, the C wolf, which initially arose as a set of gangster, clan elements and symbols, evolved into a very extensive and interesting dance of hip hop culture.

... I'm afraid no articles can show the whole essence of the philosophy of thinking of this culture. You need to understand in what years hip-hop itself appeared. It was a difficult time, especially in the ghetto areas. Street gangs were tired of blood and went to the world in order to avoid bloodshed. The dances themselves and development appeared, followed by its evolution. Society did not accept anything from blacks. They were despised and humiliated. People from childhood accustomed to aggression in their direction, of course, showed it in response. C-walk was outlawed (yes, it was), street dancers were chased away. They were taken away by the police and taken to the police stations, God knows what attitude and beatings. A black teenager living in the ghetto, seeing all this, will not be a quiet citizen of this country. They went out... took to the streets! There were riots, there was blood, there were gangs and crime, but there were also ordinary innocent people who grew up in the "ghetto" area and who were loved.

They proved that the street is their home and earned respect. They showed that blacks are not bandits, as everyone called them. James Brown, Martin Luther King and other famous personalities fought for the rights of blacks and won.
The era has passed. Many do not understand what all this evolution of dance cost. A modern dancer must know the history, must realize what all these people went through to dance in hip hop culture, listen to rap, draw graffiti, perform beat boxing and just live free from all prejudices.
Before choosing a dance style, you need to understand the essence of this dance.
Dance... It is you who put your soul into it, otherwise it is just a set of elements and movements. Without soul, there is no dance. Without respect, there is no progress. Without history, there is no future......

I have written briefly about the dance styles of hip hop culture. This is to give the reader a general introduction to dance culture and general concepts. In subsequent articles, I will go deeper and tell the story of each dance. Past, present and future. Contemporary Issues dance culture and ways of development in dance...

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Kudryavtseva Alena

Contemporary art involves not so much hedonistic perception as the skills of "reading" information, deciphering it, taking into account the language of art, which "speaks" artistic image. The analysis of dance is difficult and interesting at the same time: firstly, because this kind of art is synthetic, and secondly, because it has diverse styles and directions that have not yet been studied by art historians. The author of this work was attracted by the topic precisely because of its novelty, lack of development, and thus the opportunity to have a say in understanding the art of hip-hop dance. According to the author, it is in such genres that the mentality of young man, mirroring the modern era, the interests and aspirations of young people.

Having studied a limited range of literature on this issue, Alena Kudryavtseva set herself the goal - detection characteristic features hip-hop dance as an independent direction in art.

It should be noted that the student's work was done with high quality, it is distinguished by the depth of the theme, a multi-vector analysis of hip-hop dance in the context of time and in the context of culture. The author successfully introduces elements of art history analysis into abstracting, which convincingly proves the high degree of development of the research topic.

The compositional structure of the work allowed the author to reveal the important components of hip-hop dance: in the first chapter, Alena Kudryavtseva examined the prerequisites for the emergence of this dance style and its musical fate; the second chapter is devoted directly to the specifics of hip-hop in the art of dance. At the end of the abstract, the author reasonably concludes that “the development and popularization of hip-hop in the art world has long claimed to be an independent style. club dance"(p. 13). This genre has become established in the youth environment. different countries With different culture, which means that it has universality, affirms new choreographic images - the image of a rapidly developing world, globalization and intensification of human life, has an impact even on an unprepared addressee.
Thus, it can be concluded that such a genre dance art, which artistically masters the world through rhythm, plasticity, is established as an independent, self-sufficient style, a style of high communication and artistic and dramatic power.

The architectonics of the abstract is subject to the idea of ​​scientific research: the consistency of construction, the unity of form and content, correctly formatted footnotes and references, the list of references convincingly prove this. In the application, the author posted the results of a survey on the topic (the respondents were young people) and a video.

Alena Kudryavtseva managed to combine science with empiricism, strict logic with a detailed analysis of individual dance compositions.

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Municipal educational institution

secondary school №35

the city of Rybinsk, Yaroslavl region

Exam abstract
art

The specifics of hip-hop culture

(on the example of the art of dance)

Kudryavtseva Alena,

9th grade student

Supervisor

Cherkashina Ludmila

Andreevna,

world teacher

artistic culture

Rybinsk

2012

Introduction

XX century. Art is actively developing. One of the emerging areas is dance. Modern dances get a new breath, they have many directions and styles, each of which carries a certain message to the world, reflects the character and lifestyle of people who have chosen this direction.

First of all, it must be said that dance is a synthetic art form (it combines music, choreography, and dramaturgy). Synthetic arts are such types artistic creativity, which represent an organic fusion or a relatively free combination of different types of art, forming a qualitatively new and unified aesthetic whole. This includes, first of all, the theater (which absorbed literature, acting, painting, music, arts and crafts); also ballet, cinema. This is the trend of modernity, when art ceases to exist in its "pure" form. Indeed, there are many such synthetic arts, but in this work, the object of research will be the culture of hip-hop, and the subject will be dance.

living conditions in big city create the prerequisites for the unification of young people in various groups, movements that are a rallying factor, forming a collective consciousness in these groups, collective responsibility and general concepts about socio-cultural values. Informal associations and youth movements have certain functions. One of the main ones is the possibility of self-realization, i.e. subjective implementation. To it can be added instrumental, when the group becomes a means to achieve conscious or unconscious results; as well as compensatory, associated with personal dependence and lack of freedom in official structures. The heuristic function expresses the artistic, creative and moral aspirations of young people and is realized in socio-cultural activities.

All this gave rise to the emergence of new directions in which everyone could express themselves, fulfill themselves. Hip-hop is such a trend in culture. Hip-hop is not only a dance, but also a whole culture that includes: rap (music), graffiti, basketball, dance (hip-hop, break dance, house dance). The subject of research is hip-hop dance, andthe goal is to identify the characteristic features of dance as an independent direction in art

This goal required the solution of several tasks:

Study of hip-hop as a subculture of the 20th century;

An exploration of hip-hop music in the context of an entire culture;

Characteristics of dance as one of the elements of hip-hop culture.

Chapter I. Hip-hop - A Culture of Positive Protest

1.1. History of the Hip-hop movement and culture

The history of hip-hop originated in the late 60s of the 20th century and continues to develop to this day. What began more than 30 years ago has become its own movement and culture. Hip-hop culture originated in New York among the black and Latin ghettos. Street culture has existed for centuries in all countries. But in the USA, where there is a ghetto, she had a special isolation from society. And so it spilled onto the streets of the white quarters, and then into the masses - show business, discos, cinema.

Hip-hop culture has been internationally recognized since the 1970s. It is divided into many directions, each of which is quite independent and carries its own meaning. Thus, three main areas can be distinguished:

Musical (Rap, Funk, Beatbox)

Dance (Break dance, Crump, Wave)

Fine (Graffiti)

Despite the fact that hip-hop as a way of life originated a long time ago in various parts of North America, the South Bronx is considered the true homeland - the black ghetto of New York, one of the poorest neighborhoods. But the word hip-hop did not yet exist, it was invented a few years later by the legendary DJ (di- Jay) Africa Bambata, when the grown culture already needed a common name.

Clive Campbell arrived in the South Bronx in 1967 from Jamaica, nicknamed Kool Herc. He is considered one of the founders of hip hop. Kool Herc became what was later called "DJ". He brought with him the Jamaican style, where the main thing was in the leading role of the DJ. In Jamaica the DJ was the link music system around which youth life evolved. He organized parties himself, delivered interesting May Day speeches into the microphone. Soon they began to call him MC ("MC" master of ceremony) - he picked up records, played them, announced them. And when the DJ began, in addition to announcing, to pronounce rhythmic texts to the music, this became known as the word “rap”.

Kool Herk's influence spread with parties like this, and soon he and Africa Bambata were playing at parties all over the Bronx, as well as in Brooklyn and Manhattan. Soon Kool Herk, for the convenience of the dancers, begins to repeat instrumental breaks - the so-called breaks - between verses, during which the dancers came out onto the dance floor and showed their skills. Cool Herc noted the dancers' enthusiasm for such breaks and coined the term "B-Boy" (b-boy), "Breakboys" - for those who move in the manner of a break, and the dance itself was called breaking (breaking). "MC" became synonymous with rap even when not only DJs became rappers, but also performers who could move in a special manner of hip-hop.

In the late 60s of the twentieth century, break existed in the form of two independent dances - the New York acrobatic style, which in Russia was called the "lower break", and the Los Angeles pantomime (upper break). It was the acrobatic style of breaking that was originally played by b-boys in breaks. He became popular after James Brown wrote the funk hit "The Good Foot" in 1969 and performed elements of this dance on stage. This style marked the beginning of dance competitions. In the late 70s, there was an expansion in the influence and geography of hip-hop, first in New York. "Battles" between DJs, competitions of dancers began. Various groups of street dancers became known as break teams who practiced, performed together, and developed their skills.

Having become fashionable, hip-hop went beyond the borders of the United States and covered part of the youth for some period. The interest of young people in hip-hop, both in America and in other countries, most likely began with break dancing, where knowledge of the language was not needed, because the language of movements is universal. And this outlandish way to move caused tremendous interest in the mid-80s, after the release of two films "Breakin" and "Beat Street". Young people began to be imbued with the ideas of break and rap. In the youth environment of many countries, there was a bright outbreak of interest in breakdance and rap. In the second half of the 80s, the hobby turned into a calmer course.

In the mid-80s, rap moved beyond hip-hop culture into the mainstream of the American music industry. Some pop groups have become, to some extent, promoters of hip-hop, seeing something interesting and new there. Creative collaborations arose, which contributed to the expansion of hip-hop's international prominence. During this time, the history of hip-hop continues to develop at a rapid pace.

In Russia, hip-hop gained popularity, rather narrowly, in the second half of the 80s, when the breakdance hobby began, although English-language rap compositions were little known to music lovers. At that time, the pleasure of plunging into hip-hop was not cheap. I had to go abroad for characteristic clothes and for cassettes, which were the only allowance for breakdancing.

Hip-hop culture in Russia is no different from the American one. But the main problem still lies with the quality of performance, music and lyrics. The first Russian-speaking rap artists appeared in the early 1990s, Bogdan Titomir was famous, on the other hand, more underground forms of Russian hip-hop were not successful. The market of Russian hip-hop, as an industry, was formed only in the late 1990s, which was confirmed by the emergence of many groups of this genre (Casta, Legal Business, Dots). In 1999, the global revival of breakdance contributed to its re-revival in Russia as well.

More than 30 years since hip hop's rise and fall, there is no sign of the culture's decline. And looking ahead, we can say with certainty that the future of this culture is bright, since many pages in the history of hip-hop have not yet been written.

Today, hip-hop is the most fashionable and popular trend in youth culture. This style absorbed African American street philosophy, elements of funk, bye, break, jazz. Hip-hop is a symbol of modern youth culture that will always remain relevant. Energy, emotions, passion, inspiration and freedom - this is what the youth of the third millennium appreciates. All this gives hip-hop. Hip-hop is an opportunity to express your emotions, feelings and aspirations.

1.2. Hip-hop music

Currently, hip-hop is one of the most commercially successful types of modern entertainment music and is stylistically represented by many directions within the genre. Hip-hop was the first music that most fully and distinctively embodied the ideology of modern African American culture. This ideology was built on the antagonism of American white Anglo-Saxon culture.

Hip-hop music consists of two main elements: rap (rhythmic recitative with clearly marked rhymes) and a rhythm set by a DJ; at the same time, compositions without are not uncommon. The task of one or more DJs includes programming the rhythm on a drum machine, sampling (using fragments of other people's compositions, especially bass parts and synthesizers), manipulating vinyl records and sometimes "beatboxing" (vocal imitation of the beat of a drum machine). On stage, musicians are often accompanied by a dance ensemble.

At the very beginning of the 1980s. among rappers, a strong interest arose in European electronic pop music, primarily in Kraftwerk and Gray Newman, whose technological discoveries, coupled with the developed "breakbeat" - a broken, completely new rhythm - contributed to the separation of hip-hop from rhythmic dependence from disco and funk.

In the mid-1980s, hip hop music was no longer focused solely on the atmosphere of parties, and next generation rappers began to develop more serious topics. For example, the socially aggressive rappers Public Enemy brought them cult status among listeners not only in the black environment.

By the end of the 1980s. rap music has reached a level of popularity comparable to rock, country and pop music. In addition, major music industry institutions such as the American Recording Academy, which manages the Grays, and the American Music Awards in 1988 established categories for rap.

In 2004, for the first time in history, the Grammy Award in the most prestigious "supergenre" nomination - "for best album” - was awarded to rap artists - the duo OutKast. In modern hip-hop, as in other major styles of popular music, producers play a big role, on which all information depends.

In the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, the most sought-after hip-hop producers - Scott Stojach, Timberleand - contributed to the further development of the funk aesthetic. Hip-hop artists, despite their initial egocentricity, can be found in most countries of the world, from Argentina to Japan.

To date, the most popular rap artists in the world are Eminem, KanyeWest, OutKast. And if we talk about Russian performers, then these are Noize MC, Guf, Noggano, Loc-

rapper Eminem Rapper Goof

Chapter 2

2.1. Specificity of Hip-hop in the art of dance

Modern scientists have already proven that the movements of a dancing person can tell a lot about him. The dance unconsciously reflects the personality of a person, and if you look closely, you can tell a lot about the character of the dancer, his habits, fears, features of interaction with different people and with himself, his fantasies, attitude towards himself and the world, and much more.

The main characteristics of the dance are:

Rhythm is a relatively fast or relatively slow repetition and variation of basic movements.

Drawing - a combination of movements in the composition; dynamics - variation in the scope and intensity of movements;

Technique - the degree of mastery of the body and mastery in the implementation of basic steps and positions. In many dances, gestures are also of great importance, especially hand movements.

Hip-hop dance is not folk, not classical, not techno dance - it is a separate broad direction of dance art. Hip-hop dance can be divided into two main types: old school (old school - old school of hip hop) and new style (new style - new school of hip hop). The old school (old school) includes popping, locking and break dancing. Popping, in turn, is divided into bogalo, electric bogalo, tetris, wave, robot and popcorn.

The 90s saw the emergence of a new form of hip hop that incorporates movements from old school styles: popping, locking, breaking.- dancing (but more focused on footwork, as opposed to acrobatic style), as well as from many other styles. Later, people began to define this style as a new school. Gradually, penetrating into pop culture, absorbing all the new elements and styles, transforming, hip-hop becomes the leading dance direction and stands out in a separate direction - new-style hip-hop. Hip-hop is permeating pop culture like never before: in the movements that famous stars (Timberland, Jennifer Lopez, Janet Jackson, Beyoncé) and their dancers do in videos and on stage, there is a little of this style, a little of that style, a little of that - and all this together is a comprehensive, diverse, always stylish hip-hop new style.

Hip-hop dance is a unique phenomenon of modern dance culture, in which the rules and restrictions are blurred. A striking feature of this dance direction is its character, the acting component. The dance, its performance, first of all, should show the best qualities of the performer in the form of a dance confrontation, sometimes even a little aggressively. Self-confidence, self-affirmation do not allow sentimentality and affectation, hip-hop dances are for self-confident people. But one cannot assume that hip-hop dances are aggressive, "evil" in their essence. The main goal of the dancer is to win the sympathy of the viewer and therefore hip-hop is positive and kind.

"Ancestor" dance hip hop is African jazz (in translation - "improvisation"). Through dance, people expressed their feelings and desires. Young boys and girls strove to show themselves in the most best light and attract the opposite sex. Hence a lot of hip movement and sex-attractive movement. As in Afro-jazz, there is a certain “relaxation” in hip-hop, the movements seem to be turned to the floor. This is explained by the fact that among the African peoples God is in the earth, and not in heaven. Therefore, they worship him, turning to the earth. Hence the low landing of the body and always slightly relaxed knees in the dance. First musical accompaniment there were drums or tom-toms, so hip-hop later got a good rhythmic basis. Over time, hip-hop has evolved and improved. The main elements of the technique of this style are the “pump” of the body, jumps, falls, rotations and light acrobatic movements. Hip-hop is a very dynamic dance style that combines the emphasis on individual parts of the body (head, arms and legs). That is why everything is free in hip-hop, from movements to clothes.

2.2. Dance battle (battle) as a hallmark of hip-hop

What makes hip hop different from other dances? This, of course, is his improvisation and dance battles. For some, hip-hop has become a hobby, while for others it has become a way of life: a way to be active, to be in good physical shape, to participate in competitions (battles) and a way to earn a living by dancing. Hip-hop dance movements have become very popular among young people dancing in clubs and parties, because on the dance floor you can throw out all your emotions, express yourself, because hip-hop is an incredible combination of dance styles: from aggressive crump to playful jazz funk.

An important feature of street dancing, including hip-hop, is a special form of competition - battles (from the English battle - battle). The main action takes place in a free circle on the dance floor or on a special stage: individual dancers, couples or groups of people, in hip-hop jargon called gangs, compete with each other in a dance, and a group of judges (usually these are people who have achieved respect in the group and success in street dancing) or watching spectators determine the winners. As a rule, the dance is an improvisation. Improvisation is a combination of conscious choice and spontaneous reaction. It includes periods of uninterrupted concentration and amazing moments of magic that will never be repeated. By responding to the imagination, intellect, style, and energy of each individual, dancers find ways to break through patterns of thought and movement that have limited them. Improvisation is the main component of any battle, if the dance is not a pair dance, then one dancer performs at a time, except when members of the same team show a pre-rehearsed dance. Despite the fact that the fights are based on improvisation, the participants often use pre-prepared dances and movements, this is called synchronizations or routines, but in this type of fights this is not very welcome, since in the prepared choreography it is difficult to understand what the dancer is really doing, but on the other hand, various, unexpected paired movements-chips are very important. The winner is most often the one who is the best at adapting to the environment, music and rivals. An important element of the fights is the respectful attitude of the dancer to the opponent. The transition from the sensations of a fight to a showdown, as a rule, is not welcome.

AT recent times serious street dance competitions have become widespread and several annual major international competitions are held in different parts the globe, such as Juste Debout (France) and Battle of the Year (Moscow).

Juste Debout Battle of the Year

Most of the programs of these events consist of battles, but they also include rehearsed performances. Juste Debout is an annual top street dance style competition taking place in France. Battles are held in four styles: hip-hop, new-style, house and popping. It should be added that there is a fifth category - experimental dance.

The battles themselves take place in teams: two by two. Each dancer must enter the ring twice, that is, in total, 8 exits are obtained. The great thing is that the dancers don't know in advance what kind of music the DJs will put on, so they have to improvise.

Over time, hip hop though, like other dance styles, evolves and improves. Today, hip hop sports dance has become one of the most popular and spectacular dance styles. The outburst of the dancers' emotions, the relaxation of the dance, combined with professionalism and good dance training make this style extraordinarily beautiful, and perhaps the best. sports dance. Every year this style develops along the lines of complication, increase in speed and choreography.

Modern competitive hip-hop today is a bright, exciting spectacle and is the most popular dance direction in the world, which hosts World Championships and World Cups. Hip-hop is currently the leading dance trend in Western and Russian dance culture and pop music, this style of modern dance has gained immense popularity all over the world.

The development of street dance does not stand still, and today new styles and directions are emerging, the basis of which is hip-hop dance. Hip-hop music has a great influence on new styles, as an example, the krumping style, which has recently gained wide popularity, is mainly focused on energetic movements and fights. Krump dance - unique, unparalleled developed from the movement of dancing clowns of South Central Los Angeles, organized by the famous Tommy the Clown. To this day, krumping, completely separated from clowning, is a form of dance with many techniques and, contrary to popular belief, does not involve the use of clown makeup. Crumpdance was created by Tight Eyes as a mix of West Coast styles (popping, waving) borrowed from pop idol Michael Jackson. This style has a religious connotation: it is not only an outburst of emotions, but also a kind of dialogue with God, like traditional dances African cultures. Due to its emotional originality, krump dance is quite technically complicated and is based on the perfect execution of small isolated movements, shaking, dropping and tilting the body, throwing hands and complex fixations.

2.3. The popularity of hip-hop culture today (questionnaire analysis)

In our school, a survey was conducted among students in grades 8-10 about what is the popularity of hip-hop dance these days. The students were asked a questionnaire consisting of 8 questions:

1. Do you know hip-hop dance style?

2. What is your attitude towards hip-hop (positively or negatively)?

3. Do you think this style is popular?

4. Do you think hip-hop can be used in other fields? except for the dance.

5. Would you like to learn how to dance hip - hop?

6. Do you know the country - the ancestor of hip - hop?

7. Do you have something against hip-hop?

8. How old are you?

Questionnaire analysis

For 1 question - the answers are positive (36), negative (2), abstained (0);

Question 2 - answers positively (26), negatively (10), abstained (2);

Question 3 - answered positively (25), negatively (12), abstained (1);

Question 4 - answered positively (7), negatively (29), abstained (2);

For question 5 - the answers are positive (24), I am already studying (3), negative (5) abstained (6);

For question 6 - the answers are positive (25), negative (13);

Question 7 - answered positively (0), negatively (30), abstained (8);

8. The age of the respondents is from 13 to 16 years.

A total of 38 were interviewed students.

Based on the questionnaire, we can conclude that the hypothesis that the popularity of this dance today is confirmed. Hip-hop is really hard to remain indifferent.

Chapter 3. Artistic analysis of dance programs.

3.1. Modern dance studio "Reaction"

1 . Training in the hall. Choreographer Vladimir Studenovsky.

2. Chris Brawn "Kiss Kiss" (remix)

3. Genre - hip-hop

4. There are basic movements in the dance: swing and elementary steps, somewhere elements of R&B. High jumps are replaced by low slips above the floor, clearly defined and sharp movements change undulating and slow ones.

5. The main thing, both in hip-hop and in this dance- these are half-bent soft legs and a plastic body that create the illusion of relaxation, and at the same time strength elements, who betray dance dynamism and expressiveness. Emotions are vaguely expressed, as the video shows a workout.

6. M The music in everything corresponds to the dance style (hip-hop). Movements look much more effective due to various transitions and accents in the music. Dance groups often choose compositions by foreign artist Chris Brawn.

3.2. JabbaWockeez is a male dance group.

1 . Performance at the world competition. Choreographer unknown.

2. Mixing of music is used, the so-called "slicing"

3. Robot style

4. The team consists of eleven members, all American men. They carefully hide their faces under white masks, which have become a symbol dance team JabbaWockeez. But why do they hide their faces behind masks? Not because they are afraid of something, but so that the viewer does not look at the dancer himself, but at the dance. Plasticity, elegance and incredible beauty of movements fascinate. I think this performance of dancers can gather thousands, millions of spectators. And their videos on the Internet are very popular, the number of views is growing every day.

5. The distinctive attributes of JabbaWockeeZ, as I said, are a simple white Kabuki mask, gloves, as well as an amazing synchronized dance performance.

Self-confidence, a kind of aggressiveness do not allow sentimentality and affectation, but their style can not be called aggressive. Them the main objective- win the sympathy of the audience, and therefore their dance is positive and leaves behind only positive emotions and sets the viewer in a good mood.

Through this dance, they express their feelings, although the viewer, thanks to the veil of a certain mystery (after all, we do not see their faces and hands during the dance), has the opportunity to see, feel, think of something of their own, thereby becoming closer to them. In this style there is a certain relaxation, negligence, low landing of the body and relaxed knees in the dance. Their movements are mesmerizing and enthralling. There is something unusual, magical and even mystical in them, which allows you to enjoy watching their dance, which cannot be confused with any other.

6. The music they have chosen for their composition is the finishing touch to their unusual and mesmerizing performance. To harmoniously build the most unusual composition of the dancers' bodies to the music so suitable for their performance is a real art.

7. Despite the fact that the faces of the dancers are hidden behind masks, their emotional transmission is incredibly strong, the tireless energy is preserved until the end of the dance.And to perform a dance choreographed with such high quality is greatest art for any dancer!

Thus, it can be stated that hip-hop dance has its own choreographic image, which is distinguished by special expression, bright expressiveness of plasticity and characteristic rhythms of club dance.

Conclusion

The craving for aesthetics in people is not just the satisfaction of curiosity. Aesthetic development of personality -- important feature general development. Without beauty as a phenomenon, without art with its immense content, a vast, bright world of lofty thoughts and feelings leaves the human soul. And the person is devastated, poor. a special role in spiritual development dance plays a person, as it combines several images: musical, kinetic, plastic, choreographic.
The desire of a person to bring something new to this genre of art is associated both with the possibility of self-realization and with the development of the dance genre itself.

The development and popularization of hip-hop in the art world has long claimed an independent style of club dance. Firstly, this genre has established itself in the youth environment of different countries with different cultures, which means that it hasversatility.

Secondly , exploration of the world in plastic images able to assertnew choreographic images- an image of a rapidly developing world, globalization and intensification of human life. Hip-hop is able to "tell" about impulses human soul in the complex and multifaceted material world.

Thirdly, it is known that spiritual world a person strives for harmony, hip-hop dance is capable ofmake an impactto an unprepared addressee, inspire life-affirming feelings, depict a conflict and show ways out of it.
Thus, we can conclude that such a genre of dance art, which artistically masters the world through rhythm, plasticity, is established as an independent, self-sufficient style, a style of high communication and artistic and dramatic power.

Electronic resources:

7. http://www.coolreferat.com/Modern_dance_as_a_means_of_external_and_internal_harmonization_

8. http://jabba-wockeez.ru/jabbawockeez/

9. http://jabba-wockeez.ru/jabbawockeez-info/

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