The history of hip-hop culture. Hip-hop dance directions

To anyone who wants learn hip hop dancing, must know a bit of the history of hip-hop in order to be worthy carriers of this culture.

B most people Hip-hop perceived as specific musical style, like rock, jazz, rave, etc. However, this is not just a direction in music. Hip-hop - this is whole culture, which has its own world, its supporters all over the world and includes music (hip-hop, rap, rnb, etc.), dance styles(breakdance, hip-hop, rnb, new style, etc.), art (graffiti, djing, beatboxing, etc.), their own ideology, as well as their own specific style of clothing. But, we will focus in more detail on hip hop dance.

AT Hip-hop came to Russia from the West back in the late 80s, but only now has it become truly popular, in demand and recognizable. Back in 1969, a certain James Brown released a hit called “Get on the Good Foot”, performing this single, he energetically danced, performed various acrobatic elements. African-Americans from the poor areas of America really liked it and let's go ... first, breaking was born a.k.a. breakdance, conquering heart after heart at the speed of light, and after it, hip-hop, which absorbed everything that can be used for self-expression from a variety of dance styles.

B most hip hop dancing adopted and borrowed, of course, from those who first began to develop them. Since these were African Americans from a real ghetto, it immediately becomes clear where so many movements of the legs and body came from in the technique of traditional hip-hop. And the movements of the hands seem to only emphasize the individuality of the dancer. Of course, modern hip-hop has already changed significantly and absorbed quite a lot from European dance culture, saturated with jumps and active hand movements, but in general it continues to retain its unique features.

E another point that can explain to us why hip hop dancing look exactly like this, and nothing else is the music to which hip-hop is performed. At first it was funk, today it is rap, break beat, rnb and other directions in music that are being improved every day and are born more and more expanding hip-hop culture. In any case, hip-hop dances are performed to rhythmic music, which allows the dancer to maximize their potential and express themselves. Modern hip-hop dances includes many different styles, so hip hop training takes place under the most appropriate music for a particular type of dance.

Hip hop is a social dance. What is social dance? First of all, this is a dance, which is done not for competition, but for leisure, for communication and the exchange of positive emotions. A dance that is available to everyone, regardless of age, physical qualities, social status.
The history of hip-hop dance has been around for almost three decades.

Founders of hip-hop style

Buddha Stretch, who is one of the founders of this direction, says that hip-hop dance appeared by the end of 1984.

By this time, the era of breakdance and funk styles (bboying, funkstyles) had come to an end, the funk and disco music styles were no longer so popular, they were replaced by hip-hop music. The music has changed, the dance has changed. The birthplace of hip-hop dance was New York, there in various clubs in Harlem danced various social dancing such as The Prep, Rambo (The Fila) and many more. A significant number of them were invented back in the 70s, when the funk era was in its heyday, over time they changed, acquired new details, were performed a little differently.

In clubs like Roxy, Inferno, Union Square hip-hop music began to play, and a new generation of dancers improvised, mixing old dances, inventing new ones. Gradually, by 1986, a group was formed in the "Union Square" club, which danced in a new style. By 1987, many hip-hop dancers were working with various hip-hop artists ("Whodini", Scoob & Scrap, Big Daddy Kane, Salt & Pepa and others).

Mop Top/Elite Force formed in 1991 who has worked with many famous artists ( Michael Jackson, Will Smith, Mariah Carey) and popularized hip-hop dance with the help of clips. The band members were - Budda Stretch, Link, Caleaf, Ejoe, as well as Peter Paul, Ramir, Tone, Casper, Aid and Luz Joint, Ruberband, Peekaboo, Marquez, Quito and Prencer - they were from the Mystidious Misfits team.

Video - Buddha Stretch, Link, Loose Joint (Mop Top/Elite Force)

If initially hip-hop dance was only in clubs and they learned it from each other there, then with the increased popularity of the dance, there was a need to learn it. Hip-hop began to be taught in dance studios which made it available all over the world. More about hip-hop and RnB.

Basis of hip-hop dance

Hip-hop dance is based on the groove (groove)- this is a feeling of body movement in time with the music, for a dancer it is not only some kind of constant movement that keeps pace, and on which basic movements are then superimposed, but a deeper experience of belonging to the music. There can be no other opinion - no groove, no hip-hop. For comparison, you can watch other dances with a groove (there are many videos of different dance styles on the Divadance website): house, dancehall, locking, popping, breaking, and styles that do not have a groove: jazz, contemporary dance, classical dance.

Hip-hop dance has its own base that every dancer should know. Not knowing the basic movements is like trying to speak another language without knowing a single word or knowing just a few.

Varieties of hip-hop base:

The base of hip-hop is divided by the time when the movements were invented:

• old school- 80s,
• middle school- 90s,
• new school (newschool)- after 2000.

To the old school include Smurf, The Prep, Fila (The Rambo), Happy Feet, Cabbage Patch, Reebok and more.

To high school : Running Man, Roger Rabbit, Party Machine, Bart Simpson, Steve Martin and others.

The new school is: Tone-Whop, Monestary, Harlem Shake, Walk it out, ATL Stomp, etc.

New movements continue to be created to this day, the style continues to evolve.

Video - old school

Hip-hop dance was and remains an improvisational style. to dance here and now, to create something new, to express yourself by immersing yourself in music. There is nothing wrong with hip-hop choreography if it is based on knowledge and understanding of the basics, but, unfortunately, there are too many teachers who do not know the basics, do not know how to improvise, they only dance chords. This is not hip-hop, something only remotely reminiscent of it. If you love what you do - devote a lot of time to it, understand, learn new things, do not deceive yourself and others.

Hip-hop dance is considered a youth phenomenon, a temporary phenomenon, but it is not. People who started dancing it in the 80s continue to dance it today (and we are glad to see it in Divadance) and do not look stupid, but only cause respect and admiration.

Age is not important, only what hip-hop dance carries is important - it is freedom to move, freedom to express yourself, understanding music, respect for yourself and others, positive communication!

Get lite video is one of the latest trends in the new school of hip-hop

Sources:
1. Buddha Stretch on the rise of hip-hop, translated by Alexander Sokolov
2. New School dictionary (video)
3. hip-hop public Vobra (Vladimir Obraztsova)

Dance Studio Divadance (Divadance) - dance school in St. Petersburg.
http://www.site
Designers: Zhuzha
© 2005 by Zhuzha

MC- Master of Ceremony ). Some MCs turn their lyrics into real intricate riddles (for example, Ghostface Killa says that he deliberately tries to compose such rhymes so that no one but him understands what is being said). The task of one or more DJs includes programming the rhythm on a drum machine, sampling (using fragments of other people's compositions, especially bass parts and synthesizers), manipulating vinyl records and sometimes "beatboxing" (vocal imitation of the beat of a drum machine). On stage, musicians are often accompanied by a dance ensemble.

Currently, hip-hop is one of the most commercially successful types of modern entertainment music and is stylistically represented by many directions within the genre.

Hip-hop directions

Many people think that hip-hop is just music and a special style of clothing. Hip-hop, as such, is divided into many directions. Each direction is quite independent and carries its own meaning. I mean, hip-hop is a culture. It cannot be properly explained in words, it cannot be touched and smelled. Hip-hop is different and individual for everyone. It means something to everyone. Let's say two people consider themselves part of the hip-hop culture. One madly loves to spin on his head, and the second to draw inscriptions on the neighbor's fence with his father's car enamel in spray cans. Nothing connects them ... Almost ... That is, hip-hop, it's not something specific. This is a culture that includes directions, for example:

• Rap, Funk, Beatbox (Music)

• Breakdance, Crump (Dance)

• Graffiti (pictorial)

Each person can do rap, graffiti, and break dance at the same time. All this is perfectly combined into one word HIP-HOP.

1970s

Hip hop originated in the African American and Hispanic environment of the Bronx, New York City, in the first half of the 1970s. At that time, it was party music created by disc jockeys (called "DJs" for short), who worked in the then extremely primitive sampling technique: it often came down to repeating someone else's musical loss. dance composition. The first MCs were literally typical entertainers ("Master of Ceremony" - that is, abbreviated to MC; this abbreviation then absorbed many other meanings), they introduced DJs, and also maintained the attention of the audience with energetic exclamations and whole tirades. (It should be noted that in Jamaica, a similar style of performance was developed at the turn of the 1960s-1970s thanks to the emerging dub technique.)

The popularity of the music at these parties led local DJs to sell their hands on cassettes of live "sets" (performance programs) that skillfully mixed rhythms and bass lines taken from disco and funk songs over which MCs rapped. It was a purely amateur occupation, and during that period (1974-1978) there were no studios and official releases of rap records.

The situation changes dramatically when the single "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang is released in the US in the early autumn of 1979 and makes a sensation in the American market. popular music. The single is considered rap's first recording, despite the fact that several more slightly older songs dispute the glory of superiority; however, it was thanks to this 11-minute composition that the American public and the media became aware of such a phenomenon as hip-hop, however, despite the popularity of the song (the single sold 8 million copies), most agreed that it was a musical joke, from which will do nothing further. The song was written by a Negro group, assembled almost by accident the day before the recording. The rhythm (classic disco) and bass line were taken from Chic's then-hit "Good Times", overdubbed with a rap performed by three MCs. One of the advantages of the composition is that already in this first rap in 1979 typical rhymes were given, as well as the fundamental themes of hip-hop: the details of everyday life, MC competitions, sex, fussiness and ostentatious vanity.

1980s

At the very beginning of the 1980s. among rappers, a strong interest arose in European electronic pop music - first of all, to Kraftwerk and Gary Newman, widely sampled - technological discoveries of which, coupled with the developed "breakbeat" - a broken, completely new rhythm - contributed to the breakaway of hip- hop from rhythmic addiction to disco and funk. The breakbeat rhythm, combined with the more advanced Jamaican dub technique by that time, brought hip-hop to a new level (see electro). Early hip-hop innovators were Curtis Blow, Africa Bambata, Grandmaster Flash and Whodini, their 1980-84 recordings. (now referred to as the "old school of hip-hop") were decisive for the formation of the genre. Music magazine Rolling stone named the most influential song in the history of hip-hop "The Message" by Grandmaster Flash (1982).

The baton of innovation was picked up by the bands Run DMC, Mantronix, Beastie Boys, each of which brought their discoveries to hip-hop: Run DMC played a minimal drum machine breakbeat, Mantronix received recognition for their revolutionary mixing technique, and the Beastie Boys combined elements of punk rock and rap and became the first white rap group to achieve commercial success. Rap songs were also recorded by punk bands, for example, The Clash (their single "The Magnificent Seven" in 1980 was intensively promoted on black radio stations in New York), Blondie (their single "The Rapture" topped the American hit parade in 1982. ).

By the mid-1980s, hip-hop music was no longer focused solely on the party atmosphere, and the next generation of rappers began to develop more serious topics, for example, the socially aggressive rappers of Public Enemy brought them cult status among listeners not only in the black environment. The musical side of hip-hop also became more complex: the modern stage in its development begins with the release in 1987 of the album "Paid in Full" by the duet Eric B. & Rakim. By the end of the 1980s. rap music has reached a level of popularity comparable to rock, country and pop music, and such large institutions music industry how the American Recording Academy, in charge of the Grammys, and the American Music Awards in 1988 established categories for rap. This popularity in America was personified by MC Hammer, Kris Kross and others, who addressed their music to a wider audience, which, in turn, gave impetus to the development of more uncompromising genres in hip-hop.

Since the late 1980s, hip-hop has been fueling the stylistically and technologically modified rhythm and blues (“new jack swing”, “hip-hop soul”) thanks to it.

1990s

In addition to these experiments, hip-hop in Russia gained popularity, quite wide, in the second half of the 1980s, when the breakdancing craze began. The first Russian-speaking group appeared in the 1989s, its name is Bad Balance. This is, without exaggeration, a legendary group whose contribution to the culture can hardly be overestimated. The market of Russian hip-hop, as an industry, was formed only at the end of the 1990s, which was confirmed by the emergence of many groups of this genre (“YUG”, “United Caste”, “The Godfather”, “EK Playaz”), which also received recognition from the masters at the most authoritative rap-music festival, organized by the same Bad. B. Many of them compared the life of African Americans in the ghetto to the hard times in Russia, most often it was about the harsh 90s. The styles are very similar to Western ones, but Russian hip-hop has a completely different history, more lyrical digressions. Currently, hip-hop has become quite widespread among young people.

Performers from Russia

• CENTR (members: Slim, Bird, Guf)

Links

• . Author's blog of independent hip-hop journalists Andrey Mikheev, Dmitry Nechaev and Alexander Blinov. Dmitry Nechaev is one of the first rap producers in Russia. Retrieved July 24, 2009.
• . A project about indie hip-hop, dedicated to the activities of non-major labels and their artists. Hip-hop on the verge of jazz. Retrieved July 24, 2009.
• Lukov Val. BUT. // Knowledge. Understanding. Skill. - 2005. - No. 1. - S. 147-151.

Hip-hop/Rap
Story	The Beginning of Hip Hop History - Old School - Golden Age - New School
Personalities

Pähklimäe Gymnasium

Examination paper in music

Abstract on the topic: “Hip-hop culture and its development.”

Teacher: Isakhanyan L.A.

Student: Stolfat A.

1 -Introduction

2 -General information

3 -Etymology

4 -Hip hop music

4.1 – Directions of hip-hop

4.2 -1970s

4.3 -1980s

4.4 -1990s

4.5 -2000s

5 -Aesthetics of subculture

6 -Russian hip-hop

7 - Performers from Russia

9 -Conclusion

1. Introduction

Sitting at home and looking at the rainy weather outside the window, relaxing with friends on a sunny summer day or just walking along the streets of the city, with an automatic movement of your hand you take out the headphones from your pocket and insert them into your ears. At that very moment, such a familiar and native beat reaches the eardrums. After a couple of seconds of listening, you will recognize the familiar details that are inherent in this or that beatmaker and these details do not go unnoticed just because even the heart at that moment beats in time with the beat. no matter the performer, everyone contributes to the decoration of the beat making the song more interesting.

Even the city noise cannot drown out the music playing on the tape recorder in the yard. Sheets of thin plywood carefully glued with adhesive tape sag under the weight of the body. The laconic movements of the dancer give the music a special emphasis because of which it is difficult to take your eyes off all sorts of interweaving of body parts called dance. All this and not only are components for the phrase - Hip-hop culture.

This topic was chosen by me not by chance, because it is for me that the beat heard in the headphones is native, it is I who cannot take my eyes off the movement of the hip-hop dancer, and I am imbued with all the details that are happening in this culture. Today's modern society has a dual opinion on hip-hop culture and this essay is a kind of excursion into various temporal degrees of development of hip-hop culture so that every reader or listener has the opportunity to make a choice for himself in the direction of this culture or vice versa.

2. general information

hip ho ì P(English) hip hop) is a cultural trend that originated in the New York working class environment in the late 1970s. DJ Afrika Bambaataa was the first to identify the five pillars of hip-hop culture: MCing, DJing, breaking, graffiti writing, and knowledge. Other elements include beatboxing, hip- hop fashion and slang.

Originating in the South Bronx, in the 1980s, hip-hop became part of youth culture in many countries of the world. Since the late 1990s, from the street underground, which has an acute social orientation, hip-hop gradually became part of the music industry, and by the middle of the first decade this century the subculture has become "fashionable", "mainstream". However, despite this, within the hip-hop culture, many figures still continue its "main line" - a protest against inequality and injustice, opposition to those in power.

3. Etymology

The word "hip" was used in African American English (AAVE) as early as 1898 and meant moving parts. human body. And the word "hop" is actually a movement (jump) in the case of "hip hop!". However, "hip" also means "getting smart" or "getting up in something", while "hop" is movement. So all together it means mental movement.

Rapper Keith "Cowboy" Wiggins, with Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five, was credited with starting "hip-hop" in 1978 when he teased friends who were drafted into the military. They sang in a jazzy manner the words: "-hip/ hop/ hip/ hop", thereby imitating the rhythm of the marching soldiers. Cowboy later developed a "hip-hop" rhythm in part of his stage performance. The group mainly performed with disco artists who referred to this new type of MC/DJ-produced music, calling them "those hip-hoppers". The name originally meant a sign of disrespect, but soon switched to refer to this new music and culture.

4. Hip-hop music

Hip-hop music consists of two main elements: rap (rhythmic recitative with clearly defined rhymes) and a rhythm set by a DJ, although compositions without vocals are not uncommon. In this combination, rap performers call themselves " MC" (eng. MC - Master of Ceremony). Some MCs turn their lyrics into real intricate riddles (for example, Ghostface Killa says that he deliberately tries to compose such rhymes so that no one but him understands what is being said). The task of one or more DJs includes programming the rhythm on the drum machine, sampling (using fragments of other people's compositions, especially bass and synthesizer parts), manipulating vinyl records, and sometimes "beatboxing" (vocal imitation of the rhythm of the drum machine).

Currently, hip-hop is one of the most commercially successful types of modern entertainment music and is stylistically represented by many directions within the genre.

Hip-hop, as such, is divided into many directions. Each direction is quite independent and carries its own meaning. Hip-hop is different and individual for everyone. Let's say two people consider themselves part of the hip-hop culture. One madly loves to spin on his head, and the second to draw inscriptions on the neighbor's fence with his father's car enamel in spray cans. They have almost nothing in common, except for a common cultural hip-hop component. It can be divided into three main areas:

· Rap, Funk, Beatbox (musical)

Breakdance, Crump, C-Walk, waving (dance)

Graffiti (pictorial)

A person who considers himself a member of the hip-hop subculture can engage in rap, graffiti, and breakdance at the same time.

4.2 1970s

Hip-hop originated in the African American and Hispanic environment of the Bronx, a New York area, in the first half of the 1970s. At that time, it was party music created by disc jockeys (called "DJs" for short), who worked in a then extremely primitive sampling technique: it often came down to repeating the musical performance of someone else's dance composition. The first MCs were literally typical entertainers ("Master of Ceremony" - that is, abbreviated to MC; this abbreviation then absorbed many other meanings), they introduced DJs, and also maintained the attention of the audience with energetic exclamations and whole tirades. (It should be noted that in Jamaica, a similar manner of performance was developed at the turn of the 1960s-1970s thanks to the emerging dub technique.)

The popularity of the music at these parties led local DJs to sell their hands on cassettes of live "sets" (performance programs) that skillfully mixed rhythms and bass lines taken from disco and funk compositions, over which MCs rapped. It was a purely amateur occupation, and during that period (1974-1978) there were no studios and official releases of rap records.

The situation changes dramatically when the single "Rapper's Delight" by The Sugarhill Gang is released in the US in the early autumn of 1979 and makes a sensation in the American popular music market. The single is considered rap's first recording, despite the fact that several more slightly older songs dispute the glory of superiority; however, it was thanks to this 11-minute composition that the American public and the media became aware of such a phenomenon as hip-hop, however, despite the popularity of the song (the single sold 8 million copies), most agreed that it was a musical joke, from which will do nothing further. The song was written by a Negro group, assembled almost by accident the day before the recording. The rhythm (classic disco) and bass line were taken from Chic's then-hit "Good Times", overdubbed with a rap performed by three MCs. One of the advantages of the composition is that already in this first rap in 1979, typical rhymes were given, as well as the fundamental themes of hip-hop: the details of everyday life, MC competitions, fussiness and ostentatious vanity.

4.3 1980s

At the very beginning of the 1980s. among rappers, a strong interest arose in European electronic pop music - primarily in Kraftwerk and Gary Newman, widely sampled - technological discoveries of which, coupled with the developed "breakbeat" - a broken, completely new rhythm - contributed to the breakaway of hip- hop from rhythmic addiction to disco and funk. The breakbeat rhythm, combined with the more advanced Jamaican dub technique by that time, brought hip-hop to a new level (see electro). The innovators of early hip-hop were Curtis Blow, Africa Bambata, Grandmaster Flash and Whodini, their recordings from 1980-1984. (now referred to as the "old school of hip-hop") were decisive for the formation of the genre. Music magazine Rolling stone called "The Message" by Grandmaster Flash (1982) the most influential song in the history of hip-hop.

The baton of innovation was picked up by the bands Run DMC, Mantronix, Beastie Boys, each of which brought their discoveries to hip-hop: Run DMC played a minimal drum machine breakbeat, Mantronix received recognition for their revolutionary mixing technique, and the Beastie Boys combined elements of punk rock and rap and became the first white rap group to achieve commercial success. Punk bands also recorded rap compositions, for example, The Clash (their single "The Magnificent Seven" in 1980 was heavily promoted on black radio stations in New York), Blondie (their single "The Rapture" topped the American hit parade in 1982. ).

By the mid-1980s, hip-hop music was no longer focused solely on the party atmosphere, and the next generation of rappers began to develop more serious topics, for example, the socially aggressive rappers of Public Enemy brought them cult status among listeners not only in the black environment. The musical side of hip-hop also became more complicated: the modern stage in its development begins with the release in 1987 of the album “Paid in Full” by the duet Eric B. & Rakim. By the end of the 1980s. rap music reached levels of popularity comparable to rock, country, and pop music, and major music industry institutions such as the Grammy-hosted Academy of Music and the American Music Awards established categories for rap in 1988. This popularity in America was embodied by MC Hammer, Kris Kross and others, who addressed their music to a wider audience, which, in turn, gave impetus to the development of more uncompromising genres in hip-hop.

Since the late 1980s, hip-hop has been fueling the stylistically and technologically modified rhythm and blues (“new jack swing”, “hip-hop soul”) thanks to it.

4.4 1990s

At the turn of the 1990s, with the filing of the NWA, infamous for their defiantly obscene and aggressive lyrics, "gangsta rap" was gaining popularity, reflecting the criminal life of the Negro ghettos. The most influential figure in hip-hop of the decade becomes former member NWA named Dr. Dre; he puts into circulation new style G-funk, the most prominent representative of which was his protégé Snoop Dogg. A few years later, the trio The Fugees, with their album "The Score", clearly demonstrated the possibilities for integrating hip-hop with others. musical directions- rhythm and blues, reggae and even jazz. They were one of the first hip-hop projects to gain wide popularity outside the United States.

In the mid-1990s, a rivalry broke out between gangsta rappers from the West and East coasts of the United States, which ended in the death of prominent representatives from each of the parties - Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. tragic outcome This confrontation generated such a wide discussion in the media that for almost the entire 1997 rappers occupied the top lines of the US charts. This period is characterized by intense commercialization of hip-hop, which is usually associated with the name of Puff Daddy, a rapper who promoted a glamorous lifestyle and built his compositions on a very extensive citation of pop hits from previous decades. At the end of the 20th century, the white rapper Eminem gained fame, who tried to revive the charge of provocation and social protest.

4.5 2000s

In the middle of the first decade of the 21st century, hip-hop's most in-demand producers - Scott Storch, The Neptunes, Timbaland - contributed to the further exploration of the funk aesthetic. Hip-hop artists, despite their initial negrocentrism, can be found in most countries of the world, from Argentina to Japan.

In 2004, for the first time in history, the Grammy Award in the most prestigious "supergenre" nomination - "for best album” - was awarded to rap artists - the duo OutKast. In modern hip-hop, as in other major styles of popular music, producers play a large role, on which the entire industry depends.

5. Aesthetics of the subculture

Hip-hop was the first music that most fully and distinctively embodied the ideology of modern African American culture. This ideology was built on the antagonism of American white, Anglo-Saxon culture. Over the past decades, its own fashion has also formed, radically different from the traditional fashion of the white population, its own jargon and its own cultivated manner of pronunciation, dance styles, its own graphic art- “graffiti” (images and graffiti on the walls made with aerosol cans or special markers with paint) and in recent times also a movie (not necessarily about rappers, but plotting themes from the Negro environment, see the films "Barbershop", "Fuss and Movement", "The Boys Next Door", "Don't Be a Menace to South Central While Drinking Your Juice in the Block"; rappers also more and more begin to become film actors). Thus, it becomes difficult to draw a clear line between hip-hop proper and modern African-American subculture.

Despite the hip-hop fashion changing every year, in general it has a number of characteristic features. Clothing is usually loose, sporty style: sneakers and baseball caps (usually with straight peaks) of famous brands (e.g. KIX, New Era, Joker, Tribal, Reebok, Roca Wear, FUBU, Wu-Wear, Sean John, AKADEMIKS , ECKO, Nike, Adidas) T-shirts and basketball jerseys, jackets and sweatshirts with hoods, sock-like caps pulled over the eyes, baggy pants. Hairstyles are short, although short dreadlocks are also popular. Massive jewelry (chains, medallions, key rings) are popular among rappers themselves, but wearing jewelry is more common among African Americans.

6. Russian hip-hop

The first experiments with rap in Russia apparently date back to 1984, when in Kuibyshev, the disc jockey of the Kanon discotheque, Alexander Astrov, together with the local group Rush Hour, recorded a 25-minute program, which was soon distributed throughout the country in the form of a magnetic album " Rap".

In addition to these experiments, hip-hop in Russia gained popularity, quite widely, in the second half of the 1980s, when the breakdancing craze began. The first Russian-speaking group appeared in 1988, its name is Black and White. Her clips were actively broadcast on television. A year later, the Bad Balance team was formed. This is, without exaggeration, a legendary group whose contribution to the culture can hardly be overestimated. The market of Russian hip-hop, as an industry, was formed only in the late 1990s, which was confirmed by the emergence of many groups of this genre (South, United Caste, Godfather Family, EK Playaz), which also received recognition from the masters at the most authoritative rap-music festival, organized by the same Bad. B. Many of them compared the life of African Americans in the ghetto to the hard times in Russia, most often it was about the harsh 90s. The styles are very similar to Western ones, but Russian hip-hop has a completely different history, more lyrical digressions. Currently, hip-hop has become quite widespread among young people.

7. Performers from Russia

ellipsis

Legalize

· Smoky Mo

G-Style_M.A.F.I.A.

Pencil (My Dream Area)

Via Chappa

・Slaves of the Lamp

Big Black Boots

· God Family

· Keep It Real www.keepitreal.ru

· Other hip hop www.drugoyhiphop.ru

A project about indie hip-hop, dedicated to the activities of non-major labels and their artists. Hip-hop meets jazz.

9. Conclusion

In conclusion, I would like to say that despite the different directions in hip-hop culture, every year there are more and more fans of hip-hop and this culture. All the richness of music, dance and drawing can be heard and seen in any city in the world in various nooks and yards among young people and not only. This essay was aimed at reflecting the history and development of hip-hop culture in our world and in order to possibly interest in the details of the history of this subculture.

It is unlikely that in our time there is someone who has not heard such a phrase - "hip-hop". They heard something, but not everyone knows for sure what it means. Is it dance or music? Or maybe both? Need to figure it out...

What is hip hop

“Hip-hop is a lifestyle,” say the followers of this direction. And such a definition, of course, fully characterizes it. You can't do hip-hop without living it.

This cultural movement appeared in the early 1970s in America among African Americans. This is the so-called street culture, which, having become popular among blacks, later won the recognition of whites. Initially, only music and dance belonged to hip-hop, but then the “geography” of hip-hop expanded. Social protest - that's what hip-hop was at first. A protest against everything that did not suit the younger generation. However, such notes are preserved in this culture to this day, another thing is that it has become a fashionable (and therefore commercial) direction already at the beginning of our century.

Types of hip hop

There are several directions that help to understand what hip-hop is, since each has its own special meaning. In music it is rap and beatbox, in dance it is breakdance, house, flexing and others, in fine arts it is graffiti, in sports it is streetball. Some refer to street culture, including basketball. It is important to note that a person involved in hip-hop does not have to devote himself to only one direction, he may well combine a passion for rap, and break dance, and even " rock art» graffiti.

Peculiarities

The main difference between hip-hop culture is the free style of clothing. It is believed that the beginning of such a fashion was laid by huge prison uniforms, where anyone could fit. Also in hip-hop - it is customary to wear things that are a size, or even several, larger than necessary.

The “classics of the genre” here are wide trousers or jeans, sneakers (not sneakers!), baggy sweatshirts with hoods that cover the face, narrow hats, caps with wide visors (for the same cases). Some representatives of the hip-hop movement (mostly African Americans) love various accessories - massive chains (gold, for example), wristlets, pendants and all that. What distinguishes hip-hop from other cultures is the special hairstyles - short hair or dreadlocks, but not too long.

History of dance

Breakdancing is considered to be the main dance of all hip-hop dances. It arose very first, and owes its appearance to a man named Kul Herk. Or rather, breakdancing slowly developed before him, but not in the form that it is known now. The dancers twisted the elements while standing on their feet, not on their heads. It was with Kool Herc that another era of breakdancing began. He read the lyrics to the music (later it will develop into rap), and between performances he took breaks (that is, “breaks”, from the English break - a break), so that the dancers (“dancers”, from the English dance - dance) could show your skills. This is how breakdance became popular - the first dance in hip-hop culture (however, this culture did not yet have its own name, but more on that later).

Later, one by one, other dance styles began to appear, and then battles arose, the so-called meetings-disputes between teams or individual dancers, when they take turns demonstrating their talents and skills.

The main feature of the dance is improvisation. The speaker does not come up with a movement in advance, he goes out and acts “on a hunch”. And if at first hip-hop dance was street dance, now it is being actively studied in dance studios. He gained particular popularity after the release of films dedicated to him (for example, "Step Up" or "Beat Street").

hip hop music

Hip-hop appeared in the music industry around the same time as in dance. The first masters of hip-hop songs called themselves Master of Ceremony (MC for short), that's where the word came from. They were DJs (short for English disk-jokey), who mixed rhymed text read to a certain rhythm. Such music has gained great popularity at parties.

In addition to Kool Herk, who read his own texts in this way, DJ Africa Bambata and Sylvia Robinson can be noted among the "pioneers" in rap culture. It was the latter who was able to make rap sound "out of every iron." At a time when there were no records, studios and other things, she organized a recording studio for rap artists. The first single in this format appeared on the market in 1979 and just blew it up. The song reflected all the main themes of hip-hop culture - independence, freedom, sex, life, rivalry.

Rap gained popularity among whites by the mid-1980s, and in the nineties such prominent representatives of this movement appeared as Dr. Dre, Snoop Dogg, Tupac Shakur, at the end of the decade - Eminem (the only white one listed) and others. Hip-hop, rap go beyond the United States and begin their journey to fame in other countries.

The figures of rap culture received their first award, and therefore the first official recognition, in 2004. Then the prestigious Grammy Award for the best album was given to rap artists.

Graffiti

The origin of the word "graffiti" is connected with Italian (graffito - to scratch) and Greek (graphein - to write) languages. This is a kind of fine art on the walls of houses, stairs, garages - in general, self-expression in painting in public places. Now many people associate graffiti with vandalism, because, unfortunately, some prefer to “express themselves”, in fact, only spoiling cultural, antiquity or memory objects, painting them with obscene words or obscene pictures. However, everything started differently.

The first graffiti is attributed to a certain young New Yorker named Julio, who left his "autograph" with his name and street number on the walls in all areas of the American city. His idea was picked up by another American, who later even gave a detailed interview, where he spoke about the reasons for such an act. Following these two guys, young people across the country began to "sign" on anything. This kind of "flash mob" was called graffiti.

In Russia

Russian hip-hop appeared in Samara in the early eighties. At an ordinary student party, the local Rush Hour team made a half-hour program, which was later released as an album. At the end of the eighties, they became active, like mushrooms after the rain, here and there, various rap teams appeared, and in the early nineties, the rap movement took over the country. "Bad Balance", Mikhey, "Bachelor Party", Dolphin, Bogdan Titomir - these are just a few names from a whole list of artists who appeared in those years.

At the beginning of the 2000s, new performers announced themselves - Decl, Legalize, Guf, Basta. The latter is actively working to this day, having his own label, by the way, he performs under three aliases. Around the same time, they learned in Russian hip-hop what battles are, they originated in our country around 2006 and have gained immense popularity by now. One of the most famous rap artists in Russia today is Oksimirron.

Children's hip hop

If initially hip-hop dances were peculiar only to "street children", now hip-hop is taught in special studios, including children's ones. The direction of breakdancing is very popular among the younger generation. And since they are taught, as a rule, by teachers experienced in this movement, children attend similar classes doubly fun. Hip-hop for children is often organized, including at the base educational institutions. Thus, schoolchildren have the opportunity to self-actualize practically “without interruption” from the educational process.

Hip-hop dance is very useful for children, not only because it gives them the opportunity to express themselves, but also because they have a great effect on all muscle groups, developing the child physically. And if at first it was believed that breakdance was a dance exclusively for boys, now girls are also happy to do it.

1. The name "hip-hop" comes from of English language as a “lift-jump” (hip - a moving part of the body, rise, hop - jump, jump, movement).
2. This name for the emerging culture was coined by DJ Africa Bambata.
3. The famous Russian rock artist Konstantin Kinchev, the leader of the Alisa group, began with rap.
4. The most expensive album in the history of world music is the album of the hip-hop group Wu-Tang Klan.
5. The official birthday of hip hop is August 11, 1973.

You can have different attitudes to hip-hop culture, love it or hate it, understand and accept it or not. However, one cannot but admit that at present this movement is perhaps the leader, especially in the music industry. Pop music and rock are gradually receding into the background, giving way to the "voice of the streets". This means that there is something in hip-hop, since it has been living and flourishing for so many years.