How to translate keep calm and come along. Question of the Day: where did the phrase Keep Calm and Carry On come from? Usage in contemporary culture

Tarada N.S. 1

Storozheva T.A. one

1 State budgetary educational institution basic comprehensive school of the village. Upper Podstepnovka m.r. Volzhsky, Samara region

The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
The full version of the work is available in the "Job Files" tab in PDF format

Research work

Introduction

Every year, the English language in our daily life is becoming more and more. When buying clothes or a bag with a foreign inscription, you need to ask how it is translated, if only so that your compatriots, who are more enlightened in terms of language, do not laugh at you. What if something is written there that is offensive or does not correspond to the beliefs of the one who is seduced by the beautiful bright font and colorful background. Many of our compatriots have a T-shirt, a cup, a notebook, a watch, a phone case or a pillow with an inscription starting with the phrase “Keep calm and…”. The phrase has become so trendy and popular that only the Old Believers, hermits, secluded in the caves, could not know about its existence.
Relevance: Many young people prefer that the inscriptions, for example, on T-shirts, be in English. They believe that this may mean that the item was not made in Russia. Therefore, it is of higher quality.

Problem is that not everyone knows how the inscription on a T-shirt or other household item is translated. Sometimes these inscriptions have a double meaning.

In order to study even the most popular phrases, you can write several works. We decided to dedicate this work to only one inscription “Keep calm and…”.

Objective: revealing the meaning of the KEEP CALM campaign poster in the past and present.

This goal involves the following tasks:

• study the theoretical material on this topic and understand what significance this propaganda poster had in the last century and has now;
• find out the reasons for the revival of this poster;
• conduct a survey among students about the most popular continuation of the statement Keep calm and ...;
• pick up pictures using this slogan on various items: T-shirts, mugs, pillows, etc.;
• analyze the collected material in terms of vocabulary and grammar.

Hypothesis: students do not know what meaning the motto “Keep calm” carries, but simply pay tribute to fashion.

Object of study: campaign poster Keep calm and go on.

Subject of study: the lexical content of the continuation of the phrase Keep calm and…, the use of this slogan on various household items.

Research methods: generalization of the material, comparison, systematization and analysis of the results, survey.

This work has theoretical and practical significance. Firstly, you can look into the past and find out the reason for the appearance of the “Keep calm and go on” campaign poster, and secondly, having become acquainted with this material, teenagers will be more conscious of not only the inscription “KEEP CALM” on their clothes or on other items , but also to inscriptions in English, in general.

The work consists of an introduction, the main part, which includes theoretical and practical parts, conclusion. There are also applications. In the course of work on the topic, mainly Internet sources were used.

Main part

1. Theoretical part
   • From the history of the propaganda posterkeep calm

In our rapidly changing world, the most important thing is the timely information received, which allows us to draw conclusions and take certain actions. How to deal with all this? Some help can be provided by those people who have information. There is competition between them, forcing them to resort to various methods of attracting attention. For example, to come up with original capacious slogans. What is a slogan? The dictionary of S.I. Ozhegov says that "a slogan is the same as a call." "A call is an appeal, in a concise form expressing a guiding idea, a political demand, a slogan." Now slogans are mainly used in business, in advertising goods or services, in elections.

In this paper, only one slogan is considered, which has stepped far beyond the borders of the country where it first appeared. The mysterious phrase KEEP CALM AND GO ON. What does she mean? To understand this, it is not enough to know English, you should immerse yourself in the history of the 20th century. Evgeny Malyar shared the following material with readers on FB.ru in 2015: “The echo of the events of those years was the motto popular today, massively replicated on teacups, T-shirts, sports bags and other household items. What does "Keep Calm And Carry On" mean in English? If you translate it literally, then, as in most such cases, the meaning will be conveyed incompletely. Just a call to stay calm and hold on. Nothing, the Russian language is expressive enough to convey the expressive context of this motto no less succinctly. Probably, in order to understand what “Keep Calm” means, you can remember how we ourselves sometimes say “calmly, we’ll break through!”. Perhaps this expression would be the correct translation of the old English motto in semantic terms. Only we sometimes get hot and pronounce such words, saturating them with temperament, and sometimes adding a couple of Russian folk idioms, and the inhabitants of Albion will say this calmly, keeping calm and self-respect. For them, it’s already clear what “Keep Calm” means. Do your job, do not be afraid of anything, steadfastly overcome all difficulties.

In the spring of 1939, on the eve of the war with Germany, the British government commissioned several propaganda posters. The posters were supposed to contribute to the peace of the population on the eve of the war, they had to be unified in style and fonts, they had to have the crown of George VI (as the only graphic element) and they had to contain only two colors. A total of three posters were prepared. The first, "Your courage, your cheerfulness, your resolution will bring us victory". (Your courage, optimism and determination will lead us to victory), the second "Freedom is in peril, defeat it with all your might" (Freedom is in danger, defend it with all your might) and the third, printed in two and a half million copies - "Keep calm and carry on". The name of the author of this masterpiece is unknown.

The translation of the phrase "Keep calm and carry on" is most often found in 2 versions: "Keep calm and hold on!" or "Keep calm and keep going".

This slogan was rejected during the war years on the grounds that "it is too banal to inspire". The British government refused to distribute the posters, backing up their idea with this argument: "People can only be annoyed that we doubt the stability of their nervous system."

1.2. Real posterkeep calm

“Posters with the slogan “Keep calm”, with a circulation of 2.5 million, were never shown to the public. The entire batch of the poster lay in storage throughout the war. Half a century later, in the small town of Alnwick, in the attic of his bookshop, a poster "Keep Calm ..." was found by Stuart Manley. The Briton and his wife really liked the symbolic poster from the past, and they decided to decorate the window of their bookstore "Barter books" with it. Many visitors paid attention to this poster and expressed their desire to buy it. Then the owners came up with the idea to make copies of the commemorative poster and put them up for sale. Until 2005, although posters were sold, they were not wildly popular, until a note appeared in one of the newspapers. The article was about a “keep calm” poster, the author offered it as a Christmas souvenir. Then the real boom began. The bookstore received requests to buy a “keep calm” poster every day. As Mr. Manley himself says, his employees at that time were only engaged in accepting applications and packing posters. Two years later, such a popular sketch began to be used by Mark Koop. Enterprising Koop organized the production of mugs, aprons and other souvenirs with the "Keep calm and Carry on" logo. Such goods were in demand among the British and brought successful sales. So in 2011, Mark Koop made an attempt to register "Keep calm and Carry on" as his own trademark, demanding that other companies stop selling products with this distinctive logo. However, registration was refused on the grounds that the phrase had become quite widespread, becoming the property of the people. The British themselves note that this slogan is the standard of English restraint and firmness of character. Evidence of the popularity of this poster is given in Appendix 1, and get acquainted with the information about the store "Barter Books" in Annex 2.

“What is the secret of the popularity of this old slogan? The war ended long ago, but each of the people living on our planet is constantly faced with situations that threaten catastrophic consequences. Someone may lose their job, another becomes dangerously ill, a third in the family is in trouble. It is important not to lose heart, to remain calm and look for a way out of a difficult situation. And then the eye will fall on the bright inscription, which at one time cheered up the British. "Keep Calm", which means "Nothing, we'll break through! It wasn't like that either."

It’s the 21st century, no threat of Nazi occupation is foreseen, it’s not so important to show stamina and heroism, and at first glance, a phrase that is inconspicuous at first glance continues to break records in terms of the number of variations, upgrades and publications on the Internet and not only.

As follows from the above, the poster did not become in demand during the war years, but it became widespread in the 21st century. Of course, today t-shirts or mugs with the inscription " Keep calm" they do not carry a patriotic semantic load, but they perfectly fulfill their main task - they help protect the owner from boredom and bad mood. The "Keep Calm and Carry On" poster has become so popular lately that it is no longer perceived as just a slogan and part of English history. Many people like his laconic look and positive attitude, others are already tired of his endless playing and paraphrasing. Regardless of how people feel about this now iconic poster, its origins and recent rediscovery are interesting enough and relevant to important pages in British history.

Practical part

2.1 Analysis of the survey of students

We decided to conduct a survey among students in grades 6-7. A total of 32 people were interviewed. The first question was: “Do you know the inscription Keep calm and Carry on”? everyone answered positively and even gave examples where they met this inscription. However, they did not think about what it means. Then we asked to continue the phrase “Keep calm and …” ourselves. The survey results are shown in the tables.

The most popular responses were:

The least popular responses were:

statement

2.2 Picking up items with an inscription« Keep calm"

In the course of the work, various objects with the inscription " Keep calm". We have examined about 300 different inscriptions. Multicolored t-shirts with the British crown and strict graphics are reminiscent of a campaign poster. However, the slogan “Keep calm and Carry On” owes its origin to this type of printing products. The inscription was invented in 1939, but gained incredible popularity at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. Of course, modern t-shirts with slogan « Keep calm" gone too far from those agitation that was created in the UK at the beginning of the Second World War. The slogan "Keep Calm" in those days referred exclusively to the expected bombings, and today they are preceded by a huge number of wishes - from a call to fight zombies or vampires to a call not to give up or learn English.

In addition to T-shirts, such inscriptions can be found on mugs.

On phone cases

on pillows

On notebooks and diaries

On jewelry

On bags

On cutting boards

And even a sign on the door

And on the mouse pad

In these examples, we see that not only the red background is used, the font is also different from the original. The crown of George VI can be replaced with a cat, scissors, a heart, a cup of coffee or tea, headphones, and so on. The pendant above says "Keep calm and expecto patronum" from the Harry Potter movie. You can see other examples in Appendix 3.

The wave swept through the Internet, and this call was picked up by other countries. Some examples are given in Annex 4. The book house "Medvedkovo" invited potential buyers with a campaign poster "Keep calm and go to the house of the book" Medvedkovo ". In Appendix 4, you can see pictures with T-shirts and tea mugs, on which the inscription is made in the old Slavonic font "Keep calm and if you please speak in Russian." The initiators of the creation of this inscription are people who are fighting for the purity of our language and against a large number of borrowings from the English language.

2.3 Analysis of the lexical and grammatical structures of the collected material

In the framework of this work, we will consider what language material was used in the samples we selected. Firstly, along with affirmative structures to do something, for example, “Keep calm and cook on” or “Keep calm and learn from your mistakes”, there are advices not to do something “Keep calm and don’t read my diary” , "Keep calm and don't smoke", "Keep calm and never give up", "Keep calm and don't forget to be awesome", "I am Russian and cannot keep calm" and others. Secondly, there are many structures with the verb to be. Here are the following slogans as examples: “Keep calm and be yourself”, “Keep calm and be Royal”, “Keep calm and be crazy”, “Keep calm and be a Princess”. Thirdly, there are complex sentences with the conjunction because: “Can’t keep calm because tomorrow is the last day of school”, “Keep calm because I love you”. Fourth, structures with degrees of comparison: "Keep calm Tuesday is better than Monday". Fifth, we found a slogan with direct speech: “Keep calm and say ”I do””. See Appendix 5

Unfortunately, in the course of our work, we had to deal with slogans that carry a negative connotation. "Keep calm and shut up" is one of the less rude examples. We will not include others.

Summing up, I would like to note that this slogan is known far beyond the UK. My classmates are also familiar with it, they themselves gave examples of what can be done while remaining calm. This call became so popular that they began to produce T-shirts, mugs and other souvenirs with this slogan. The lexical and grammatical structures used in slogans are varied. The meaning contained in the inscriptions can be explicit and secret. Everyone can find something interesting for themselves. There are inscriptions for lovers of cats, different drinks, cars, for those who love to travel and want to visit different countries. There are inscriptions giving advice on learning foreign languages ​​or advising to do some kind of sport.

Conclusion

The five-word slogan, according to the British themselves, is a standard of English restraint and firmness of character. This phrase has become a real national treasure and a kind of modern business card of Great Britain. The slogan has become so popular that we can meet it in different languages.

As part of this work, we tried to show how diverse the variants of the slogan "Keep Calm and Carry On" that appeared in the 21st century are. The poster quickly began to gain popularity, usually due to many parodies on it, where either the inscription or the logo was changed. But no matter how they try to remake the famous phrase, its original sound has not lost its relevance for many decades. After all royal calm and perseverance in achieving goals are integral components of success in any business and in any era.

The magical combination of red and white, crowned with the symbolic crown of Britain, helped to avoid a terrible tragedy in the 40s of the twentieth century. In the 21st century, the poster continues to create magic, supporting the "fighting" mood among the masses with the help of the main weapon - humor. In our work, we have presented the most successful fruits of folk art, which the Internet is full of. And also tried to consider the content of modern slogans in terms of vocabulary and grammar.

Many people, including my classmates, do not think about the meaning of the slogan "Keep Calm and ...". They just like this phrase. It is popular, it can be found far beyond the foggy Albion. Thus, our hypothesis was confirmed.

List of used sources and literature

1. Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language, ed. Corresponding Member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR N.Yu. Shvedova M.: Russian language, 1989-750 p.
2. wikipedia.org›KeepCalm and Carry On
3. en›article/125162/what-znachit-keep-calm-po…
4. en›chto-oznachaet…keep-calm-and-carry…
5. en›Articles›Story of the posterKeep Calm and
6. en›Society›…-plakat-keep-calm…
7. edukation.com.ua›keep-calm…kultovogo-plakata/
8. en›story/keep_calm_and_carry_on_nemnozhko…
9. http://fb.ru/article/169794/lozung-eto-zerkalo-obschestva
10. harrypotter.wikia.com›wiki/Expecto_patronum

ATTACHMENT 1

Some facts about the poster

APPENDIX 2

Bookstore «Barter Books»

The bookstore Barter Books is housed in the former Alnwick railway station. By the way, it is included in the 20 most beautiful bookstores in the world due to the splendor of its interior, which has preserved the tea rooms and waiting rooms of the old railway station. AT 2000 year, the owners of Barter Books hung a poster on the wall of the store. It is believed that since that time the slogan began its second life. Multiple reproductions, diverse interpretations and recognition in all corners of the world - this is what awaited the British poster in the 21st century.

APPENDIX 3

Examples of modern posters

APPENDIX 4

"Keep calm" slogan in other languages ​​and countries

APPENDIX 5

Variety of grammatical and lexical structures

Ozhegov S.I. Dictionary of the Russian language M.: Russian language, 1989, p. 266

Ibid., p.480

http://eng911.ru/interesting/istorija-keep-calm.html

Fb.ru›article/125162/what-znachit-keep-calm-po…

We know “Keep Calm and Carry On” as an internet meme that can be rephrased in a thousand different ways. In fact, the history of this expression goes back 75 years! Who and why for the first time ordered to remain calm - read the post.

The slogan was coined at a meeting between officials of the Treasury and the British Ministry of Information on June 27, 1939. It was planned that in the event of the outbreak of World War II, posters with this slogan would become part of the state “Propaganda in the rear”. A few days before the official start of the war, more than 2 million “Keep Calm and Carry On” posters were printed, but the sample was never officially approved, so the circulation “went to the table”.

Only a handful of posters survived the war, after which they were sent to various police stations in the country, where they lay in value, safety and oblivion for the next 60 years.

The slogan that gained such wild popularity in the 21st century was rejected during the war years on the grounds that it was “too banal to inspire.”

Everything changed when, in 2000, the owners of the vintage bookshop Stuart and Marie Manly bought another book for their store at auction, and between its pages was the same poster. They decided to hang the original in a conspicuous place and sell the reproductions as a souvenir.

In 2011-2013, this led to a series of copyright battles, as a result of which the court ruled that the authorship belongs to the Crown, and at the moment the slogan is in the public domain.

Without realizing it, Stuart and Marie launched a bomb: gradually the design of the poster began to be copied by everyone who was not lazy. In 2011-2013, this led to a series of copyright battles, as a result of which the court ruled that the authorship belongs to the Crown, and at the moment the slogan is in the public domain.

Interestingly, the slogan that gained such wild popularity in the 21st century was rejected during the war years on the grounds that “it is too banal to inspire.” The British government refused to distribute the posters, backing up their idea with this argument: "People can only be annoyed that we doubt the stability of their nervous system."

Now it is very fashionable to say: "Keep calm (what this phrase means, we will find out a little later) and…". And after and everything is added to your heart's content. We are not interested in the second part. We want to find out what is keep calm. This is what our article is about.

Historically, this phrase goes back to the call on campaign posters during World War II, and it sounds like this: "Keep calm and carry on." It can be translated as: "Keep calm and rot your line." But this is all that can be said on the history of the issue. Move on.

Nowadays

In order not to torment the reader, let's start with the most important. As we already understood, the phrase keep calm has the following translation: “Keep calm”, or “Keep calm”. Thus, now it is clear why today, let's not be afraid of this definition, the magic phrase is added in English with anything. For example, a call to love someone or do something.

It would seem a meme, a trifle, a game, but no. Not so simple. Indeed, first of all, you need to put your thoughts in order. Psychologists say that you should almost never lose your head. Because it doesn't help much.

For example, you take exams. You can say in the spirit of a modern meme: "Keep calm (we already know the translation) and pass exams." Which in Russian means: "Keep calm and pass the exams." Otherwise, without peace of mind, the student or applicant will definitely fail the test.

Why are Keep calm pictures so popular?

Our age is restless. Everyone is in a hurry somewhere, in a hurry. We should all slow down a little, find peace, look around and see that we are surrounded by a large and wonderful world.

After all, you can ask in an ironic way, for example, like this: “And keep calm - what does it mean?”. In that sense, why should we stop? “Slow down” means “stay behind someone”, “give way”. Most people will not agree to this, even if peace is promised in the end. The paradox of our life is that we work very hard, so that later, someday, we can laze around to our heart's content.

Thus, the expression Keep calm responds to the deep demand of the population in peace, and on the other hand, it seems to challenge the entire order of civilization. What calmness at such and such a time, huh?

Don't worry, be happy

People who are now in their 30s or 40s remember a more outspoken mantra. It promotes non-action in the most direct sense, no ends for you, only calmness. Just "Don't worry, be happy." Whatever happens, you should not pay attention - "Don't worry, be happy" (this is also one of the possible translations of the English phrase in the subtitle and a wonderful song by Mikhail Bashakov). You don't have to do anything. You just need to be.

I also remember the Nautilus song “Just to be”. The main idea of ​​which is that any actions are boring, and in the end you just want to exist.

Let's take the liberty of saying that most people would get out of the circle of an endless social race, but life is such that you need to "run very fast to stay in place," as L. Carroll said. Many people are afraid to sink to the very social bottom. We will say: “Keep calm (now in Russian), believe in a dream and do not be afraid of anything. In other words: "Don't worry, be happy."

1) keep smth. keep one's old letters (one "s old clothes, his books, the archives, etc.) keep old letters, etc.; this is where I keep my things (my money, my stores, etc.) this is where I keep my things, etc.; he can make money but he can't keep it he knows how to make money, but he does not know how to save it

2) keep smth. keep this book (this toy, this photograph, etc.) keep this book, etc., to yourself; since you have found this watch you may keep it once you have found this watch, you can keep it [forever]; you can keep the box, I don't need it any longer I don't need this box anymore, keep it for yourself; keep the change change is not necessary, keep the change for yourself

3) keep smth. keep the job do not change jobs, work in the same place; keep one "s seat / one" s place / stay in place, do not get up; keep one's room do not leave the room; keep one's bed don't get out of bed keep one's feet stay on your feet, do not fall; keep the saddle stay in the saddle; keep one's balance /one's feet/ keep balance; keep the middle of the road (the road, the path, one "s course, etc.) keep in the middle / walk in the middle / of the road, etc .; keep one's way go your own way, do not turn off your path; keep the speed go at the same speed, do not slow down or increase speed; keep time beat the beat; keep good time show time correctly

4) keep smth. keep one's temper (one "s presence of mind, one" s self-possession, one "s composure, etc.) keep calm, etc., do not lose your calmness, etc.; keep one's head do not lose your head; keep silence to be silent; to remain silent; keep one's distance a) keep your distance b) avoid familiarity

5) keep smth. keep fruit (vegetables, food, etc.) preserve fruit, etc., prevent fruit, etc. from spoiling; keep its shape (its color, etc.) keep /not lose/ shape, etc., keep one's figure keep the shape keep one's looks do not go silly, remain attractive; keep good health stay in good health

7) keep smth. keep a bridge (a fort, a fortress, the gates of a town, one "s grounds, etc.) protect / hold / bridge, etc .; keep the wicket defend the gate (in cricket), keep the goal stand at the gate, defend the gate (in football)

8) keep smth. keep the rules (the law, order, commandments, etc.) observe / do not break / the rules, etc., adhere to the rules, etc.; keep a treaty /an agreement/ fulfill / observe / the terms of the contract; keep an appointment come to a [business] date, come at the appointed time (place, etc.); keep a date coll. come on a date: keep one's word (one's promise, etc.) (With) keep your word, etc., be true to your word, etc., keep a secret /one's own counsel/ keep quiet, keep a secret; can you keep a secret? do you know how to be silent / keep your mouth shut /?; keep faith remain faithful; keep peace save / maintain / peace; keep regular hours go to bed and get up at the same time, lead a measured life; keep late hours do not go to bed / sit, work / until late; keep early hours early to bed and early to rise; we keep late hours in this office in our institution the working day ends late; keep one's birthday (festivals, etc.) celebrate / celebrate / birthday, etc.; keep a fast (Sundays, rites, etc.) fasting, etc., keep a ceremony send / perform / rite

9) keep smb. keep a family (an old mother, a wife and six children, etc.) provide / support / family, etc.; at his age he ought to be able to keep himself at his age it would be time to earn a living; he doesn't earn enough to keep himself he can't feed himself

10) keep smth., smb. keep a car (a garden, a horse, etc.) have a car, etc.; keep an inn (a hotel, a school, etc.) keep a small hotel, etc.; he kept a bar Nege had a bar, he was the owner of the bar; keep chickens (poultry, bees, sheep, cattle, etc.) keep / breed / chickens, etc.; keep a cook (a gardener, servants, a butler, a maid, etc.) keep cooks, etc.; keep boarders keep guests; keep lodgers let residents in; she keeps my dog ​​when I am away I leave my dog ​​with her / she looks after my dog ​​/ when I leave; keep good (bad, rough, etc.) company run / to be friends / with a good company, etc. / with good people, etc. /

11) keep smth. keep butter (eggs, tea, wine, meat, etc.) to have [on sale] oil, etc., to trade in oil, etc., this shop keeps everything you need (fresh eggs, fruit, etc.) this store has [on sale] everything you need, etc., keep a stock (a large supply) machine parts (of vegetables, of socks, etc.) have stock or stock in stock (a large number of) machine parts, etc.; do you sell buttons? - I'm sorry, but we don't keep them do you sell buttons? - No, we don't sell them.

12) keep smth. keep a diary (the score, records, accounts, books, the register, etc.) keep a diary, etc.; keep house run a household; keep watch to be on watch

1) keep smth. in some manner keep one's papers (one "s toys, one" s books, etc.) together keep your documents, etc. in one place; I wish you learned to keep your things together and not leave them all over the house when will you learn to keep your things in one place and not scatter them all over the house?

2) keep smb., smth. somewhere keep the children (the patient, all of us, etc.) at home (here, in, etc.) keep children, etc., at home, etc., keep children, etc., out of the house, etc.; the cold weather kept us indoors we stayed at home / did not leave the house / because of the cold weather; keep smb., smth. in some manner keep these birds (these animals, these things, etc.) apart (together, etc.) keep these birds, etc. separately [from each other], etc., do not keep these birds, etc. in one place / together /; soldiers kept five abreast soldiers walked in a row of five [persons] / five people in a row /

3) keep smb., smth. for some time keep the boys (one "s friends, the newcomers, etc.) long (late, etc.) for a long time, etc. to detain / not let go / boys, etc .; I won't keep you long I won't keep you long; what did you keep so late? why did you stay up late?; keep these books (this picture, his bicycle, etc.) long keep these books for a long time, etc.; don't keep my dictionary long quickly return the dictionary to me, do not keep my dictionary for a long time; can you keep his papers a little longer? could you keep his papers for some more time?; keep smb., smth. somewhere what kept him there? What kept him there / delayed /?

1) || keep smb. prisoner keep somebody in captivity

2) || keep smb. company compose for smb. company

5 calm

I adj

1) windless, quiet

- calm day

Calm sea
- calm weather
- calm voice
- calm evening

2) calm, unruffled

He is always calm with children. He always behaves calmly with children.

He didn't feel very calm in playing against such a strong opponent. - He was not very calm when playing against such a strong opponent.

He is always calm in games. - He always plays calmly / coolly.

He is always calm with his son over his marks. - He never loses patience/loses his temper over his son's grades.

- calm answer

Calm expression
- be calm about the coming talk
- be calm about the matter
- be calm about smb "s future
- keep calm in games
- look calm
- seems calm
- be calm with smb
- keep calm
- feel calm
- be calm in action

CHOICE OF WORDS:

The English adjective calm, like its Russian counterpart "calm", is ambiguous. The Russian adjective "calm", corresponding to English calm 1., can also be conveyed by the adjective quiet. The adjectives calm and quiet in this meaning differ in that calm refers to movement and emotions, and quiet refers to noises, sounds: a calm day is a quiet day; calm weather calm sea calm pulse calm, even pulse, cf. the children were very quiet; be quiet! do not be noisy!; the city was strangely quiet to live a quiet life

- calm smb by smth

Calm a frightened child
- calm smb's fears
-calm oneself
- calm smb by doing smth
- calm the child by telling him a story

6 excite

Inconsistency. - worry;
sovereign - excite (smth./sth.)
1) agitate, trouble;
excite, stir (excite);
disturb, worry (disturb);
alarm (disturb);
upset (upset) excited by memories
2) (about the surface of smth.) ruffle, stir

to excite | to agitate - to agitate (ext.)
1. (water surface) ruffle (smth.);

2. (disturb, disturb) upset * (smb.), worry (smb.);
agitate (smb.) ;
the whole thing worries me, I`m awfully upset about it all;
~ get excited
3. (about the sea, lake, etc.) be*/get* rough;
surge ;

7 take\on

8 keep a calm sough

shotl

keep quiet, talk little

Keep a calm sough... hear every man's counsel, and keep your own. (W. Scott, 'The Abbot', ch. XVII)- Keep quiet more ... listen to the advice of people, and try to climb less with your advice.

9 calm

Kɑ:m
1. adj.
1) calm, peaceful, imperturbable (about a person, about a person's character) Syn: quiet
2) windless;
quiet, calm (about the sea) The sea is much calmer at the bottom, than in any part nearer its surface. ≈ The sea is much calmer at the bottom than in layers close to the surface. Syn: windless, imperturbable, tranquil
3) unfold immodest, shameless, vulgar
2. n.
1) calmness, restraint, equanimity (about the character of a person)
2) calm, calm;
calm (about the sea) Before and after earthquakes a calm in the air. ≈ Before and after the earthquake, there is absolute calm in the air. Syn: lull
3) silence;
peace, silence Syn: quiet, silence
3. Ch.
1)

At the beginning of the Second World War, when the world was plunged into depression, and people lived in fear, every day being in anxiety for their lives and their future, humanity needed a boost of spirit and fighting spirit. At that time, propaganda leaflets and posters with various appeals of a military and political nature were popular in many countries.

"Keep calm and keep up the good work"

In England, which participated in the Second World War in the alliance of the Entente, this phenomenon was also common. Freedom Is In Peril. Defend It With All Your Might and Your Courage, Your Cheerfulness, Your Resolution Will Bring Us Victory government to its people.

In September 1939, two such posters were replicated and hung all over England: in shop windows, at railway stations. These posters were made in the same style and had only two colors: white letters on a red background. The inscriptions were made in a special beautiful font, which would be difficult for the enemy to fake. In the form of a graphic emblem, the image of the crown of King George VI was used.

The British Ministry of Information issued a third poster in the same series which read Keep Calm and Carry On (Keep Calm and Carry On). It was decided to use it only in case of crisis or invasion. But that didn't happen, and the 2.5 million "keep calm" posters were never shown to the public.

The entire batch of the poster lay in storage throughout the war. Half a century later, in the small town of Alnwick, Stuart Manley found a “keep calm” poster in the attic of his bookshop. The Briton and his wife really liked the symbolic poster from the past, and they decided to decorate the window of their bookstore "Barter books" with it.

Many visitors paid attention to this poster and expressed their desire to buy it. Then the owners came up with the idea to make copies of the commemorative poster and put them up for sale. Until 2005, although posters were sold, they were not wildly popular, until a note appeared in one of the newspapers. The article was about a “keep calm” poster, the author offered it as a Christmas souvenir.

Then the real boom began. The bookstore received requests to buy a “keep calm” poster every day. As Mr. Manley himself says, his employees at that time were only engaged in accepting applications and packing posters.

Two years later, such a popular sketch began to be used by Mark Koop.

Enterprising Koop organized the production of mugs, aprons and other souvenirs with the "Keep calm and Carry on" logo. Such goods were in demand among the British and brought successful sales. So in 2011, Mark Koop made an attempt to register "Keep calm and Carry on" as his own trademark, demanding that other companies stop selling products with this distinctive logo.

However, registration was refused on the grounds that the phrase had become quite widespread, becoming the property of the people. The British themselves note that this slogan is the standard of English restraint and firmness of character.

Since 2009, the picture-poster has become the property of the whole world, hitting the Internet. It is amazing that a simple phrase from the past, consisting of only five words, has become so popular in different countries in our time.

Translation options

Parodies are different

Thanks to the World Wide Web, the phrase "Keep calm and Carry on" has become popular among Russian users. There were even their own translations and phrases-analogues. Traditionally, "Keep calm and Carry on" is translated into Russian as "Keep calm and continue in the same spirit."

There is another option "Keep calm and hold on!". Native Russian speakers also offer translations such as “Be calm and keep it up!”, “Do what you must, and let it be what will be.”

And they even use the equivalent of "Smile and wave." It is clear that such variants do not literally translate from English, but rather only convey the general meaning of the original.

Thus, the Russian-speaking population, using the phrase "keep calm" in such a translation, makes it an element of the language game.

Usage in contemporary culture

After the “keep calm” slogan has entered the public masses, especially the Internet masses, it is not surprising that it has had to be an element of the language game more than once. After the phrase came into common use, and, one might say, filled the asku, becoming a "meme of Englishness", it began to be actively parodied.

Parodies have a different character, most often with a touch of irony or outright sarcasm. Known examples: "keep calm and drink beer", "keep calm and call batman", "keep calm and fake a British accent", "keep calm and evade the police", "keep calm and blog on".
In 2008, T-shirts with a parody print of "Now panic and Freak out" appeared on sale. In 2009, this version of the parody was quite popular due to the spread of the global economic crisis in England. And still on many sites you can find products with various designs-parodies of "keep calm".

One of the well-known marketplaces has about 10,000 different products with original and derivative designs.

Also in 2009, an image generator site appeared, where any user can create their own poster in the "keep calm" style. The site's gallery hosting has over 12 million images created with this generator, and the number is constantly growing.

The popularity of "keep calm" is relentless, and the imagination of users has no limits.

Despite the change of times and generations, a simple phrase of 5 words conquered the world. Once designed to save England from moral decline and inspire confidence, the phrase saves even now, first of all, from despondency. "Keep calm and smile!"