Can Evgeny Bazarov be called a hero of his time? based on the novel Fathers and Sons (Turgenev I. S.)

The novel by I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" was written in 1861 and is deservedly considered one of the most famous and bright works great Russian writer. The famous novelist of his era was distinguished unique skill to recognize the heroes of their time, to see them at first sight, to feel the attitude of society towards these heroes and its mood. No exception in this regard is the novel "Fathers and Sons". During the period of time when the novel was being written, there was a fierce socio-political confrontation in Russia between liberal-minded nobles and raznochintsy-democrats. Both sides were well aware that the need for reforms was ripe in the country, but both sides saw these reforms in completely different ways. The democratically minded younger generation advocated fundamental changes in the country, while the liberals saw the solution to problems in gradual reforms. On the basis of this, a split occurred in the country, the participants of which were democratically minded revolutionary youth and the liberal bourgeoisie. I. S. Turgenev managed to fairly accurately and in detail consider the processes taking place in society and reflect them in his work. In the novel "Fathers and Sons", the writer decided to turn his attention to the beginning of the political confrontation - the end of the 50s 19th century. To be more precise, the novel takes place in 1859. Main character of this outstanding work of Russian literature, Bazarov, without a doubt, is an outstanding personality who has absorbed all best features progressive youth. He was educated and distinguished by broad knowledge in various sciences, he was used to working tirelessly and cannot imagine his life without work, which allows him to be independent and independent. Despite the fact that sometimes Bazarov’s conversations and behavior had all the signs of excessive pride and pride, he is a real hero of his time. In the image of Bazarov, the writer combined all the most significant features of advanced people mid-nineteenth centuries, which for the most part were ardent materialists. The disputes between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov quite clearly express their views on life and the prevailing modern society the political situation. The main direction of all their disputes is the characterization of the nobility and the discussion of the principles of aristocracy, the attitude towards art and nihilism. According to Pavel Petrovich, the main mission in further development the country rests on the aristocrats, while Bazarov completely denied the hopes that his opponent placed on the nobility. As you know, it is in disputes that truth is born, and by describing them in detail, the author provides readers with the opportunity to compose their own personal opinion and decide on your attitude towards the characters of the novel. From the first minutes of our acquaintance, we see that Bazarov is enough strong personality which allows him not to deviate from his principles under any circumstances. However, in the future, the author subjects the hero of his time to serious tests. After Bazarov embraces the feeling of love, he begins to understand that real life circumstances much more complicated than all his theories. And since the hero still cannot fail even in love, in order to avoid humiliation, he has to leave Anna Sergeevna alone and leave. Having lost the whole meaning of his life, having lost confidence in the validity of his theory, having failed in love, Bazarov dies at the end of the novel. But, dying, he once again shows us the remarkable strength of his nature. It is this power that makes Bazarov a hero of his time, a man new era, about which society did not even think then, a person who in many ways needed his country and his people. Russia still needs him today as a strong personality, as a person in whom everyone is alive human values and age-old morality.

BAZAROV IS A HERO OF HIS TIME. Historically, the 50s put forward a new trend - diversity. After the suppression of the Decembrist uprising, the Nikolaev repressions, the idealistic era of the 40s, a period of action begins. In the 1960s, serfdom was abolished, and the struggle between liberals and democrats intensified. Not the last role in society is played by the rise of natural sciences, hopes for a rational arrangement of the world.

Bazarov is a commoner. Raznochintsy - people from different classes. These are students, zemstvo doctors, journalists, writers. Lenin wrote about that time: “... The revival of the democratic movement in Europe ... the demand political reforms all the press and all the nobility, the distribution of the Bell throughout Russia, the powerful sermon of Chernyshevsky ... student riots - under such conditions, the most cautious and sober politician had to recognize a revolutionary explosion as quite possible and peasant uprising very serious danger."

Turgenev wanted to create an image of a new type of person, capable of replacing the passive nobles Rudin and Lavretsky, whose time had passed. Pisarev wrote that the Pechorins have a will without knowledge, the Rudins have knowledge without a will, and in Bazarov there is both knowledge and will. Bazarov criticizes the inaction of the generation of the 40s. He denies the old principles of liberal nobles, criticizes aristocratism and nobility, “strives to clear the way for a new future life". Turgenev does not believe in the prospects of Bazarov's positions. Turgenev, as it were, refers himself to the "fathers" and evaluates Bazarov from the point of view of the "fathers". He specifically puts Bazarov in difficult situations so that the reader can evaluate Bazarov himself. Turgenev, highlighting the characteristic features, writes that Bazarov has a will, determination, an extraordinary mind, and most importantly, diligence.

I stick to the negative direction because of the sensations. I am pleased to deny, my brain is so arranged, and that's it! Why do I like chemistry? Why do you love apples? Also by virtue of feeling - it's all one. People will never go deeper than that. Not everyone will tell you this; and I won't tell you that next time." Bazarov is a nihilist, he denies art, the beauty of nature, love.

“At the present time, denial is most useful - we deny.

All? All. How? Not only art, poetry ... but also ... scary to say. Everything,” Bazarov repeated with inexpressible calmness.

Bazarov denies love, but when he sees Odintsova, he compromises his principles and succumbs to romantic feelings. After the failure with Odintsova, he begins to court Fenechka in order to compensate himself for this failure, but Pavel Petrovich and Nikolai Petrovich also like Fenechka. And in this situation, Turgenev contrasts the generations of the 40s and 60s. This is Pavel Petrovich's sense of duty to his brother and the opposite of Bazarov's. One of the main lines of the novel is Bazarov's attitude to the people. If Pavel Petrovich despises the people, then Bazarov considers himself a particle of the people. “My grandfather plowed the land. Ask any of your peasants, in which of us - in you or in me - he would rather recognize a compatriot. You don't even know how to talk to him." Bazarov is proud of his origin.

Just as interesting is Bazarov's attitude to nature. He says: "Nature is not a temple, but a workshop, and man is a worker in it." Turgenev denies this thesis of Bazarov and it is no coincidence that in the epilogue he describes Bazarov’s grave, where beautiful trees plants turn green. Turgenev writes about beauty, about poetry, about art.

The image of Bazarov was suggested to Turgenev by life itself. In some sayings of Bazarov, the thoughts of Dobrolyubov, Chernyshevsky, and Russian naturalists are traced. Bazarov says: "We act by virtue of what we recognize as useful," and Chernyshevsky - "... only what is useful for a person in general is recognized as true good."

In this era there were many people who imitated Bazarov. In the novel, these are Sitnikov and Kukshina. They only succumb to the fashion trend, and therefore all their actions and statements are ridiculous. Pisarev wrote that Bazarovism is a disease of time, like cholera, and it cannot be stopped.

In the novel by I. S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons” it is shown Russian society late 1850s. This hour in Russia was marked by stormy political disputes on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. All of Russia, in fact, split into two opposing camps: into liberal nobles and into revolutionary democrats-raznochintsy. Both sides understood the need for change, but presented it differently. Revolutionary Democrats took more drastic measures. This confrontation penetrated into all spheres of life, and Turgenev very correctly saw and showed the very process.

But there was another process that Turgenev actually predicted. It was the emergence of a new trend - nihilism. Nihilists did not have any positive ideals, they denied everything that seemed to them out of touch with life, without evidence and facts.

The protagonist of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, is an extremely entertaining character, sometimes contradictory. In fact, he is one representative of the new generation in the novel. Arkady, his imaginary student, wants to be a man of a new time, with new ideas, and completely in vain "puts on" Bazarov's ideas. He always speaks louder and more pompously than Bazarov, which betrays in him the falsity of his nihilism. He does not at all try to hide his hobbies, which Bazarov contemptuously calls "romanticism." Arkady is frankly glad to see his father at the beginning of the novel, while Eugene looks down on his parents somewhat. Arkady does not hide his affection for Katya, while Bazarov painfully tries to strangle his love for Anna Sergeevna. Bazarov is a nihilist in spirit, Arkady in words. Such are Kukshina and Sitnikov, with the only difference being that they are also ill-mannered.

Bazarov bursts into life with ardor, trying to undermine the traditional foundations of society as much as possible. Like Onegin, Bazarov is lonely, but his loneliness is created by a sharp confrontation with everyone and everything.

Bazarov often uses the word “we”, but who we are remains unclear. Not Sitnikov and Kukshina, whom he openly despises. It would seem that the appearance of such a person as Bazarov could not but shock society. But now he is dying, and, reading the epilogue of the novel, we see that the fate of all the heroes of the novel (with the exception of Bazarov's old parents) developed as if there were no Bazarov at all. Only kind Katya remembers at the happy moment of the wedding about the untimely departed friend. Eugene is a man of science, but there is not a single hint in the novel that he left any mark on science.

So what? Did Bazarov “pass over the world without noise or trace?” Was Bazarov really just an extra person in society or has his life become a model for many, including those who wanted and could change something? Turgenev did not know the answer to that very question. His prophetic gift helped him reveal the present, but did not allow him to run into the future. History answered the same question.

Turgenev placed his hero in conditions where he seems to be an exception to the rule. He, as already mentioned, is hardly more than one representative of the generation of children in the novel. None of the other heroes managed to escape his criticism. He enters into disputes with everyone: with Pavel Petrovich, with Anna Sergeevna, with Arkady. He is a white crow, a troublemaker. But the novel shows only a rather closed environment. In fact, Bazarov was not the only representative of nihilism in Russia. He was one of the first, he only showed the way to others. A wave of nihilism swept through Russia, penetrating more and more new minds.

Before his death, Eugene renounces many of his ideas. He becomes like other people: he gives vent to his love, he allows himself to be buried by the priest. In the face of inevitable death, he sweeps aside everything superficial, secondary. He realizes that his views were wrong. He is aware of the futility of his life, but does this mean that Russia did not need him?

The death of Bazarov became the death of his doctrine only with Turgenev. How to know if the barrenness of Bazarov's life was not an attempt by Turgenev to suppress in himself prophetic anxieties for the future of Russia, to convince himself that the Bazarovs come and go, but life goes on?

Nevertheless, Bazarov is a man of his time, and not nearly the worst. Many of his features were exaggerated by Turgenev, this is true, but as a person, Bazarov is worthy of respect. According to Pisarev, “You can resent people like him as much as you like, but it is absolutely necessary to recognize their sincerity. If Bazarovism is a disease, then it is a DISEASE OF OUR TIME. “

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Essays on topics:

1. The very title of the novel suggests that Lermontov wanted to delve deeper into public life of his time. 30s XIX years century...

The novel "Fathers and Sons" was written in 1861. In it, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev sought to show the features of Russian society in the late 50s of the XIX century and the conflict of that time. The work reflects the era preceding the abolition of serfdom in Russia, when the country was already split into two opposing camps. One consisted of liberal-minded nobles, old aristocrats, the second - from young people, revolutionary democrats-raznochintsy. The representative of the latter trend in the novel is Yevgeny Bazarov, an ardent nihilist. It's pretty controversial, but interesting character, denying everything spiritual that cannot be "touched". What makes Bazarov a hero of his time in Turgenev's novel, and what character can be attributed to this category? Of course, the ability to reflect the main features of that era in one's character is important here. How much the writer managed to convey all the tragedy and importance of Bazarov's personality can be judged by the following criteria.

The need for radical change was not in doubt among any of the representatives of the society of that time. However, both camps understood them quite differently. The democratic views of the youth were somewhat more radical, which was reflected in all spheres of society and caused main conflict. In the crisis situation of that distant time in Russia, relations between two generations sharply worsened, their disputes about life, people, religion, art and social order generally. At the same time, the concept of nihilism, the denial of everything that did not have any concrete evidence or facts, was born.

The image of Bazarov occupies a central place in the novel and is the most interesting, complex and controversial. Story line the work is built in such a way that the main character is constantly in the center of events, and other characters are grouped around him and help to more clearly reflect the features of his character. Turgenev shows the reader Bazarov as a strong-willed, hardworking, purposeful person. However, being a man of age, the writer himself evaluates Eugene from the position of "fathers" and does not fully share his views and judgments. This can be argued based on the fact that in the novel main character constantly gets into rather difficult situations. The author seems to give the reader the opportunity to form their own opinion about Bazarov. He emphasizes his spiritual strength, adherence to principles, firmness of character, ability to defend his convictions and achieve what he wants.

It should be said that Eugene is the most democratic character in the entire novel. In relation to peasants and servants, he is alien to arrogance and straightforward, there is no pathos or pride in him. Turgenev describes him as simple guy, far from the aristocratic manners of the people of that time. This is also evidenced by his uncomplicated manner of dressing, the red skin of his hands, which did not know fashionable gloves. This is a man who, despite his young age, has already gone through the school of deprivation, difficulties and permanent job. The writer shows Bazarov as an active, independently thinking and independent small man: he works hard and is used to achieving everything in life with his own work. He paid for his studies at the university himself, without taking a penny from his parents, and even now he supports himself on his own.

The negative feature of the hero is his denial of everything that he is not given to understand. He does not recognize art, poetry, because he does not see the meaning in them, he is indifferent to the beauty of nature, believing that this is just a “workshop” where a person can and should work. Eugene does not appreciate the talent and work of other people involved in spiritual development, which cannot be considered correct, since art makes life bright and colorful. However, even though Bazarov considers himself to be a raznochintsy democrat, denying everything, but main point his life is work. He is constantly in search of something new, experiments, "cuts frogs" and conducts experiments, is in search of new ideas, because Eugene is a doctor and he treats people. He recognizes only natural life experience.

And, of course, the protagonist of the novel remains true to himself, his words do not diverge from his actions. Other characters Sitnikov, Kirsanov and Kukshina are opposed by the author to the image of Bazarov. Against the backdrop of an ardent nihilist, they look like a pathetic parody, which further emphasizes the maturity of Eugene's mind, the depth of his judgments and open hatred of slavery and nobility.

Finishing the essay, I would like to note that the death of the hero emphasizes the tragedy of his life. Evgeny realizes the futility of his existence and wonders how important and necessary he was to Russia. In his image, Bazarov reflected the main features, mistakes and delusions of that era, which gives him the right to call him a hero of his time.

In the novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" shows the Russian society of the late 1850s. This hour in Russia was marked by stormy political disputes on the eve of the abolition of serfdom. All of Russia, in fact, split into two opposing camps: into liberal nobles and into revolutionary democrats-raznochintsy. Both sides understood the need for change, but presented it differently. The revolutionary democrats took more radical measures. This confrontation penetrated into all spheres of life, and Turgenev very correctly saw and showed the very process.

But there was another process that Turgenev actually predicted. It was the emergence of a new trend - nihilism. Nihilists did not have any positive ideals, they denied everything that seemed to them out of touch with life, without evidence and facts.

The protagonist of the novel, Yevgeny Bazarov, is an extremely entertaining character, sometimes contradictory. In fact, he is one representative of the new generation in the novel. Arkady, his imaginary student, wants to be a man of a new time, with new ideas, and completely in vain "puts on" Bazarov's ideas. He always speaks louder and more pompously than Bazarov, which betrays in him the falsity of his nihilism. He does not at all try to hide his hobbies, which Bazarov contemptuously calls "romanticism." Arkady is frankly glad to see his father at the beginning of the novel, while Eugene looks down on his parents somewhat. Arkady does not hide his affection for Katya, while Bazarov painfully tries to strangle his love for Anna Sergeevna. Bazarov is a nihilist in spirit, Arkady in words. These are the same Kukshina and Sitnikov, with the only difference being that, in addition, they are also ill-mannered.

Bazarov bursts into life with ardor, trying to undermine the traditional foundations of society as much as possible. Like Onegin, Bazarov is lonely, but his loneliness is created by a sharp confrontation with everyone and everything.

Bazarov often uses the word "we", but who we are remains unclear. Not Sitnikov and Kukshina, whom he openly despises. It would seem that the appearance of such a person as Bazarov could not but shock society. But now he is dying, and, reading the epilogue of the novel, we see that the fate of all the heroes of the novel (with the exception of Bazarov's old parents) developed as if there were no Bazarov at all. Only kind Katya remembers at the happy moment of the wedding about the untimely departed friend. Eugene is a man of science, but there is not a single hint in the novel that he left any mark on science.

So what? Did Bazarov "pass over the world without noise or trace?" Was Bazarov really just an extra person in society, or did his life become a model for many, including those who wanted and could change something? Turgenev did not know the answer to that very question. His prophetic gift helped him reveal the present, but did not allow him to run into the future. History answered the same question.

Turgenev placed his hero in conditions where he seems to be an exception to the rule. He, as already mentioned, is hardly more than one representative of the generation of children in the novel. None of the other heroes managed to escape his criticism. He enters into disputes with everyone: with Pavel Petrovich, with Anna Sergeevna, with Arkady. He is a white crow, a troublemaker. But the novel shows only a rather closed environment. In fact, Bazarov was not the only representative of nihilism in Russia. He was one of the first, he only showed the way to others. A wave of nihilism swept through Russia, penetrating more and more new minds.

Before his death, Eugene renounces many of his ideas. He becomes like other people: he gives vent to his love, he allows himself to be buried by the priest. In the face of inevitable death, he sweeps aside everything superficial, secondary. He realizes that his views were wrong. He is aware of the futility of his life, but does this mean that Russia did not need him?

The death of Bazarov became the death of his doctrine only with Turgenev. How to know if the barrenness of Bazarov's life was not an attempt by Turgenev to suppress in himself prophetic anxieties for the future of Russia, to convince himself that the Bazarovs come and go, but life goes on?

Nevertheless, Bazarov is a man of his time, and not nearly the worst. Many of his features were exaggerated by Turgenev, this is true, but as a person, Bazarov is worthy of respect. According to Pisarev, "You can resent people like him to your heart's content, but it is absolutely necessary to recognize their sincerity ... If Bazarovism is a disease, then it is a DISEASE OF OUR TIME ..."