What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life - an essay. An essay on the topic "What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life" based on the novel by I.

In the novel "Oblomov" Goncharov depicted the tragic life story of the protagonist - Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, who lived his whole life in dreams, never managed to step over himself and go beyond his own illusions. Ilya Ilyich evokes mixed emotions in the reader - on the one hand, his fate was clear almost from the first chapters of the novel - the hero was too far from the real world, and his laziness and apathy irritate rather than attract, on the other hand, the reader is somehow then this image is close, having absorbed all the signs of a petty-bourgeois and truly Russian mentality. To understand what the tragedy of Oblomov's life is, and why the hero remains interesting to modern readers, a detailed consideration of the image of Ilya Ilyich as a character-bearer of the traits of "Oblomovism" is required.

The origins of "Oblomovism"

Goncharov for the first time in Russian literature introduces such a socio-philosophical concept as "Oblomovism". In socio-historical terms, the phenomenon manifests itself as a character's commitment to old, obsolete values, a petty-bourgeois way of life, unwillingness to work and move forward while others decide the fate of the world for you.

In the philosophical aspect, "Oblomovism" is a deeper and more capacious concept. She is the embodiment of all Russian culture and history, the Russian mentality - it is not surprising that Oblomovka in the mind of Ilya Ilyich is associated with rituals, fairy tales and traditions, that is, with the age-old wisdom of ancestors, not so much material as spiritual heritage.

The central character of Russian fairy tales is Ivan the Fool - the character is allegedly not stupid and not lazy, but is perceived by people as such, as he constantly lies on the stove and waits for a miracle that will find him and capture him in the maelstrom of events. Oblomov is a projection of Ivan the Fool from a fairy tale story into the world of the 19th century. Like a fairy-tale image, Ilya Ilyich is an extra character, however, unlike Ivan, a miracle does not appear to Oblomov, because he lives in a real, not a fictional world. That is why “Oblomovism” is not only excessive cherishing of obsolete and irrelevant values ​​in oneself and living life in a different, past tense, when the past is many times more important than the present, but also the replacement of reality with illusions, escapism leading to degradation and stagnation of the individual, which is what is Oblomov's inner tragedy.

Oblomov and society

For Oblomov, society and the people around him act like a decoration in his half-sleep-half-existence. This is clearly seen in the first part of the work, when Volkov, Sudbinsky and Penkin come to Oblomov in turn - Ilya Ilyich is actually not very interested in their life, he is even too lazy to get out of bed to greet the guests. Even more “important” for Oblomov, Alekseev and Tarantiev, in fact, also mean little to Oblomov - the first acts as a background for his thoughts and allows him to speak out, the second is needed by Oblomov as such a second Zakhar, but more active and ready to act, even though that Tarantiev deceives Oblomov in every possible way.

Such an attitude towards people was apparently formed on the basis of the first failure - Oblomov's service, where it was difficult, hard, not interesting for him. Ilya Ilyich thought that a “second family” was waiting for him at work, similar to the Oblomov family, however, when it turned out that it was every man for himself, the hero was completely disappointed in this area of ​​\u200b\u200blife. The social tragedy of Oblomov lies in his infantilism, inability to live a real life and adapt to circumstances - the slightest failure or obstacle becomes a disaster for Ilya Ilyich and leads to the departure of the hero from true existence to an illusory existence.

Oblomov and love

The same escapism can be traced in the question of Oblomov's love - their separation was destined even at the moment of their meeting. Olga, who fell in love not only with the real Ilya Ilyich, but rather with the image inspired by Stolz, cherished precisely this idea of ​​\u200b\u200bOblomov as a kind, gentle, sensitive person, while not taking into account his excessive immersion in his inner world, where he is ready to let him in somebody else.

Oblomov's love was also rather poetic love, the most important thing in which was the unattainability of happiness, which he dreamed of - that is why Ilya Ilyich unconsciously pushed back the recognition of his relationship to Aunt Olga and the date of the wedding - if the marriage had happened, his dream would become a reality. The tragedy of Oblomov's life is that for Ilya Ilyich, the meaning of existence was precisely dreams, and not their achievement - such a realization of the desired would lead to a catastrophe, an internal devastation of the hero, his loss of the purpose and essence of life.

At the moment of Oblomov's next postponement of the day of marriage, Olga realized that it was not so much real love and family that was important for a man, but longing for a beautiful and unattainable lady of the heart, distant and inaccessible. For a girl who represents practical views of the world, this is not acceptable, so she is the first to initiate a breakup with Oblomov.

conclusions

Oblomov is a composite character depicting a person who lives completely in the past, who does not want and cannot adapt to new circumstances. As Dobrolyubov spoke about Goncharov’s novel, the author “buried” Oblomovism early, moreover, it remains a tendentious manifestation of society even in our time, representing people who are searching, trying to know their place in the world, but apathetic, quickly disappointed in their own lives and leaving into the world of illusions. The tragedy of Oblomov is the tragedy of unrealized human potential, the gradual and complete withering away of a thinking, but inert personality.

A description of the elements of the tragedy in Oblomov's life and the disclosure of the causes of these problems will be useful for students of grade 10 to study when preparing an essay on the topic "What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life."

Artwork test

The novel by I. A. Goncharov "Oblomov" to this day causes controversy in terms of the actions of the protagonist. Someone evaluates Oblomov on the good side because of his gentleness, good nature, while others, on the contrary, consider Ilya Ilyich a lazy person, a person full of hopes and dreams. As soon as it comes to action, Oblomov begins to look for external reasons why he cannot translate his plans into reality.

At the beginning of the work, Oblomov appears to us as a person who does not seek to change his life. For days on end he lies on his couch and embarks on a world of dreams, where everything is at peace: no one is in a hurry, everyone lives for their own pleasure, and life itself stretches measuredly. One could ponder for a long time why Oblomov became like this, but the author himself gives us the answer.

Oblomov has a dream in which he sees his childhood. It is this dream that helps to understand the origins of laziness, inactivity of Ilya Ilyich. From a very young age, Oblomov was followed by his entire family. He couldn't just go for a walk or get dressed. Everything was done for him by servants or parents. As for studies, his parents often did not let him study, referring to the fact that today is a holiday or imagined that Ilya was sick. Even at the age of fourteen, Oblomov does not dress himself. All the work is done by Zakhar, with whom he then lives his whole life. In my opinion, the reason for Oblomov's inactivity, laziness, aimlessness is education. If you study Oblomov's childhood, it becomes clear that he did nothing, and it became his habit. In contrast, you can put Stolz, who was brought up strictly. And it was this method of education that helped Stoltz establish himself in the world, reach heights in his career and restore Oblomov's plundered estate. Only for a moment, Oblomov is lit up with a desire to change everything. The reason for this desire was Olga, from whom Ilya was crazy. He sketched out a wonderful plan for his future life, but again did not fulfill it. And in the relationship, he found external causes. So, Oblomov did not go on a date with Olga because of the flood of the Neva. The bridges were raised, and Ilya decided to stay at home. After parting with Olga Ilinskaya, Oblomov remains to live out his life with Pshenitsina. There Oblomov dies spiritually. He again takes a place on the couch and lies on it around the clock. He no longer thinks about anything, tries to forget the past, and also mistakenly transfers all the proceeds from the village to Agafya Matveevna's brother. There he had an apoplexy. The doctor advised Ilya to lead an active lifestyle and eat right. Oblomov obeys the hostess and follows the advice of the doctor. On the day he begins to walk two miles, but the hour of his death was getting closer and closer. The second blow was fatal, and Ilya died.

In my opinion, parents played a major role in Oblomov becoming such a lazy person. It was upbringing that turned Ilya into an aimless and inactive person. Children are copies of their parents. What parents, such and children. What do we see in Oblomov? His father sat all day at the window and only occasionally asked passers-by about their affairs. Mother always drank tea with her friends. So did Ilya Ilyich. Only great shocks could bring Ilya Ilyich out of hibernation.

Each of us has a "piece of Oblomov", but not everyone wants to admit it.

"Oblomov" is the only work in world literature whose hero does not get up from the couch for almost the entire action. But the uniqueness of the character created by Goncharov does not lie in his pathological laziness and inaction. Not every modern student is able to read this complex and profound work. And therefore, what is the tragedy of Oblomov, few people know. This article is devoted to the characterization and analysis of this literary image.

What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life?

An essay based on Goncharov's work involves preliminary preparation. Before you start writing it, you should understand the features of the time in which the writer created the novel.

He wrote it for almost ten years. And two years after the publication, a key event in the history of Russia took place - serfdom was abolished. Fear of change and fear of the future dominated many representatives of the local nobility. An essay on the topic “What is the tragedy of Oblomov’s life” should begin with a description of this historical event and its impact on representatives of certain social strata.

new time

The ideas about the character of Goncharov are the ability to lead a measured, calm life on the estate. What is Oblomov's tragedy? Not at all in the fact that he is now deprived of this opportunity. His trouble is that he is not able to adapt to the realities of Oblomov, not only cannot he find his place in the social situation that has developed in Russia. He doesn't even aspire to it.

At all times there were people who act, no matter what. But there are those who, due to dissatisfaction with the environment, prefer to lie on the couch and dream about the days of the past. Oblomov dreams of his native estate.

Dreams and unreal world

It is noteworthy that there are extremely few events in the work. The plot of the novel is the story of an elderly, stout representative of the landowner class, who runs the risk of being deceived by his alleged friends. But the person who maintains a real friendly relationship with him saves him in time, depriving him, however, of his beloved woman. But what is the tragedy of Oblomov's life and how does the author manage to keep the reader's attention for four parts? The trouble of the protagonist is that he is constantly in the world, which is partly invented by him. And the grandiose volume of the work conveys the deep meaning of the tragedy of a person who, being at the turn of the times, refuses to exist in the real world and finds salvation in his own fantasies and dreams.

Oblomovka

The native estate appears in the mind of the hero as a kind of serene idyllic world. It's like time doesn't exist here. Even the clock in the house strikes very strangely. Their sound is reminiscent of the grunts of dogs, ready to pounce on each other.

Nothing has changed on the estate. Its inhabitants are afraid of everything unfamiliar. Even the process of reading here has a mechanical character. Ilyusha Oblomov's father holds a newspaper in front of him, as if performing some kind of ritual. He reads, as a rule, periodicals three years ago.

The hero remembers all this throughout the novel. And, reading the chapters of the work devoted to nostalgia, the reader partly receives an answer to the question, what is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. It consists primarily in the fact that the hero of the novel has absorbed Oblomovka's way of life and believes that such a way of life is the only true one.

Pathological lack of initiative, laziness, absolute indifference to everything that happens around - all this is the result of education. Oblomov cherishes the image of the estate in his soul. And sometimes even sees him in a dream.

Childhood

One day, falling asleep, the hero asks himself: “Why am I like this?” And in a dream he sees marvelous pictures from childhood. In these dreams there are answers to the questions of the character, and to the one that the reader sets himself, namely, what is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. The description of Ilya Ilyich's dreams helps to clarify the origin of his social detachment.

The dream is conditionally divided into three parts. And with the help of this technique, the author tells the reader the background of the hero. The first is about the customs that prevailed on the estate. Both Oblomovka and the character's childhood are known from chapters that describe colorful dreams.

He grew up surrounded by boundless care. Everywhere and always he was accompanied by a nanny, which did not allow the boy to frolic especially. The estate was dominated by sleep. The main occupation of its inhabitants was "doing nothing".

Fairy tales

What is Oblomov's tragedy? It has already been said that laziness and inaction, characteristic of this character, were the result of upbringing. And the component in it were fairy tales told by the nanny. Ilyusha grew up as an impressionable child. He absorbed stories about milk rivers, sorceresses and other miracles. And, having already matured, he realized that his reality was mixed with a fairy tale.

In the third part of the dream, we are talking about the adolescence of the hero. The tragedy of Oblomov's life originates in primitive laziness, from which all the inhabitants of the estate suffer, without noticing it. Simplicity of morals, silence and inaction reign here. And all this contributes to the development of a kind of disease, which the author calls Oblomovism. The life of the hero was divided into two halves from childhood. The first is longing and boredom. The second was peaceful fun.

Stolz

The monotonous existence of Oblomov was, nevertheless, disturbed for some time. In the novel there is a hero who creates opposition to the main thing. Such a character is a childhood friend Stoltz. A friend brings Oblomov into the light and introduces Olga Sergeevna Ilyinskaya. New meetings have a positive effect on him.

Stolz is active, constantly in action, in a word, is the opposite of the protagonist. His influence on the fate of Oblomov is undeniable. However, despite the cardinal changes in life, the hero still dies. He is killed by a stroke caused by a sedentary lifestyle.

Oblomov is a common type of Russian person. He has a rich spiritual world, he is kind, disinterested, and he dreams of many things. However, he does not want to do anything to achieve his goals.

What is the tragedy of Oblomov's life based on the novel by I. A. Goncharov? The author gives the answer to this question at the end of the work. The writer portrayed him as a man spiritually superior to all other characters, including the active Stolz. Oblomov's friend takes actions for the sake of actions. He doesn't have high goals. While promoting labor, he cannot explain its purpose. Oblomov, on the contrary, has a kind and noble soul, but he lacks determination and the ability to act. This is what destroys him.

Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" was published in 1859 in the journal "Domestic Notes". The writer worked on the novel during a period of revival of public life associated with preparations for the reform to abolish serfdom in Russia. In his work, Goncharov criticizes the foundations of serfdom and reveals the theme of spiritual impoverishment and degradation of the local nobility.

In the center of the novel "Oblomov" is a complex and contradictory image of the landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. His character and thinking were influenced by the environment in which he was brought up and lived his childhood.

From an early age, the hero was instilled with traits that later became known as "Oblomovism". Little Ilyusha grew up as a darling, completely unadapted to independent living. He is used to having everything done for him, and his lot is "idleness and peace." In Ilyusha, any attempts at activity were consistently suppressed. The immobility of life, drowsiness, a secluded way of life is not only a sign of the existence of a hero, but also the essence of life in Oblomovka, which is separated from the whole world: “Neither strong passions, nor courageous enterprises worried the Oblomovites.” Inactivity and lack of life goals - this is what characterizes the life of Oblomovka.

However, the character of Ilyusha is formed not only by the nobility. Life in Oblomovka is full and harmonious in its own way: it is Russian nature, mother's love and caress, Russian hospitality, colors of holidays. These childhood impressions are an ideal for Oblomov, from the height of which he judges life. Therefore, the hero does not accept the "Petersburg life": he is not attracted by either his career or the desire to get rich.

Until the age of fifteen, Ilya studied very reluctantly in a boarding school. Studying the sciences and reading books tired him. After the boarding school, he "followed the course of science to the end" in Moscow. Oblomov came to St. Petersburg with the aim of succeeding in public service and arranging family life. Ilya Ilyich served somehow for two years and left the service. For him, it was an unnecessary and meaningless burden.

Having abandoned the service, fencing himself off from society, Oblomov indulged in dreams. Now "almost nothing drew him out of the house, and every day he settled more firmly and more permanently in his apartment." Spiritual needs gradually died in Oblomov, humane impulses became fruitless, sound judgments turned into a sleepy mumbling. The hero gradually sank into complete mental passivity and apathy. Goncharov writes: "Oblomov ... could not comprehend his life and therefore was burdened and bored from everything that he had to do."

He decided that it was better to remain an "Oblomovite", but to preserve humanity and kindness of heart in himself, than to be a vain careerist, callous and heartless. About Petersburg life, Ilya Ilyich says: “All the time running around in starts, the eternal game of trashy passions, especially greed, interrupting each other's way, gossip, gossip, clicks to each other, this is looking from head to toe; If you listen to what they are talking about, your head will spin, you will become stupefied.

Thus, Oblomov was a kind, meek, intelligent person who received a good education. In his youth, he was full of progressive ideas and a desire to serve Russia. His childhood friend Andrey Stolts characterizes Oblomov in this way: "This is a crystal, transparent soul." However, the positive character traits of Ilya Ilyich are supplanted by such qualities as lack of will and laziness. Life with its worries and worries, constant work frightens the hero, and he wants to sit out in a quiet apartment.

In an apartment on Gorokhovaya Street, Oblomov lies on the couch, not only because, as a gentleman, he can do nothing, but also because he does not want to live to the detriment of his moral dignity. The hero rejoices that he "does not loom, but lies right here, maintaining his human dignity and his peace!"

Oblomov's laziness and his inactivity are caused by his negative attitude towards life and the interests of people contemporary to the hero. This is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. Sometimes Ilya Ilyich wants to discard "Oblomov" habits. He rushes to the cause, but these desires are quickly extinguished. And before us again, yawning from boredom and lying on the couch couch potato. Apathy and laziness extinguish all his noble impulses.

Thus, Goncharov depicts the struggle of good inclinations in Oblomov with lordly habits and laziness. The hero does not seek to change his life. He values ​​peace most of all, not having the strength and desire to fight. He retreats before life's problems and difficulties.

However, Ilya Ilyich is ashamed of his own nobility, as a person towering over him. He is tormented by the question: “Why am I like this?” When Stolz tries to awaken in Oblomov the desire to live and work, reproaching him for paralysis of mind and will, Ilya Ilyich admits: “I know everything, I understand everything, but there is no willpower.” The hero lives according to the principle: “It would be nice if it would somehow become imperceptible by itself.”

Love for Olga Ilyinskaya temporarily transforms Oblomov. Here is how the hero is described in a state of love: “The foggy, sleepy face instantly changed, the eyes opened, the colors played on the cheeks; thoughts moved, desire and will sparkled in the eyes. But the fear of losing peace makes Oblomov give up his love for Olga. "Oblomovism" turns out to be even stronger than love. This is the real tragedy!

In the future, Ilya Ilyich finds his "ideal" in the heartfelt love of Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, who does not demand anything from him, indulging him in everything. In her house, "he was now surrounded by such simple, kind, loving faces who agreed to support his life with their existence, to help him not to notice, not to feel it." Disappeared world of childhood, Oblomovka reappears. Food and rest - these are all Ilya Ilyich's occupations.

The dignity of Oblomov lies in the fact that he himself condemned himself and was aware of the inevitable spiritual death. Olga in anguish asks him: “What ruined you, Ilya? There is no name for this hell ... "Ilya Ilyich answered her:" There is - Oblomovism! Oblomov suffers from the fact that he does not see a goal in life and does not find an application for his strength.

The writer showed Oblomov's path to the realization of his worthlessness, insolvency, and, ultimately, to the disintegration of his personality. Destruction of the essence of human nature.

So, the hero of the novel was killed by "Oblomovism". This phenomenon is not an individual feature of Oblomov, but, in the words of Dobrolyubov, "it serves as a key to unraveling many phenomena of Russian life." The critic concludes: "A significant part of Oblomov sits in each of us, and it is too early to write a funeral word for us."

Roman I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" was published in 1859 in the journal "Domestic Notes". The writer worked on the novel during a period of revival of public life associated with preparations for the reform to abolish serfdom in Russia. In his work, Goncharov criticizes the foundations of serfdom and reveals the theme of spiritual impoverishment and degradation of the local nobility.

In the center of the novel "Oblomov" is a complex and contradictory image of the landowner Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. His character and thinking were influenced by the environment in which he was brought up and lived his childhood.

From an early age, the hero was instilled with traits that later became known as "Oblomovism". Little Ilyusha grew up as a darling, completely unadapted to independent living. He is used to having everything done for him, and his lot is "idleness and peace." In Ilyusha, any attempts at activity were consistently suppressed. The immobility of life, drowsiness, a secluded way of life is not only a sign of the existence of a hero, but also the essence of life in Oblomovka, which is separated from the whole world: “Neither strong passions, nor courageous enterprises worried the Oblomovites.” Inactivity and lack of life goals - this is what characterizes the life of Oblomovka.

However, the character of Ilyusha is formed not only by the nobility. Life in Oblomovka is full and harmonious in its own way: it is Russian nature, mother's love and caress, Russian hospitality, colors of holidays. These childhood impressions are an ideal for Oblomov, from the height of which he judges life. Therefore, the hero does not accept the "Petersburg life": he is not attracted by either his career or the desire to get rich.

Until the age of fifteen, Ilya studied very reluctantly in a boarding school. Studying the sciences and reading books tired him. After the boarding school, he "followed the course of science to the end" in Moscow. Oblomov came to St. Petersburg with the aim of succeeding in public service and arranging family life. Ilya Ilyich served somehow for two years and left the service. For him, it was an unnecessary and meaningless burden.

Having abandoned the service, fencing himself off from society, Oblomov indulged in dreams. Now "almost nothing drew him out of the house, and every day he settled more firmly and more permanently in his apartment." Spiritual needs gradually died in Oblomov, humane impulses became fruitless, sound judgments turned into a sleepy mumbling. The hero gradually sank into complete mental passivity and apathy. Goncharov writes: "Oblomov ... could not comprehend his life and therefore was burdened and bored from everything that he had to do."

He decided that it was better to remain an "Oblomovite", but to preserve humanity and kindness of heart in himself, than to be a vain careerist, callous and heartless. About Petersburg life, Ilya Ilyich says: “All the time running around in starts, the eternal game of trashy passions, especially greed, interrupting each other's way, gossip, gossip, clicks to each other, this is looking from head to toe; If you listen to what they are talking about, your head will spin, you will become stupefied.

Thus, Oblomov was a kind, meek, intelligent person who received a good education. In his youth, he was full of progressive ideas and a desire to serve Russia. His childhood friend Andrey Stolts characterizes Oblomov in this way: "This is a crystal, transparent soul." However, the positive character traits of Ilya Ilyich are supplanted by such qualities as lack of will and laziness. Life with its worries and worries, constant work frightens the hero, and he wants to sit out in a quiet apartment.

In an apartment on Gorokhovaya Street, Oblomov lies on the couch, not only because, as a gentleman, he can do nothing, but also because he does not want to live to the detriment of his moral dignity. The hero rejoices that he "does not loom, but lies right here, maintaining his human dignity and his peace!"

Oblomov's laziness and his inactivity are caused by his negative attitude towards life and the interests of people contemporary to the hero. This is the tragedy of Oblomov's life. Sometimes Ilya Ilyich wants to discard "Oblomov" habits. He rushes to the cause, but these desires are quickly extinguished. And before us again, yawning from boredom and lying on the couch couch potato. Apathy and laziness extinguish all his noble impulses.

Thus, Goncharov depicts the struggle of good inclinations in Oblomov with lordly habits and laziness. The hero does not seek to change his life. He values ​​peace most of all, not having the strength and desire to fight. He retreats before life's problems and difficulties.

However, Ilya Ilyich is ashamed of his own nobility, as a person towering over him. He is tormented by the question: “Why am I like this?” When Stolz tries to awaken in Oblomov the desire to live and work, reproaching him for paralysis of mind and will, Ilya Ilyich admits: “I know everything, I understand everything, but there is no willpower.” The hero lives according to the principle: “It would be nice if it would somehow become imperceptible by itself.”

Love for Olga Ilyinskaya temporarily transforms Oblomov. Here is how the hero is described in a state of love: “The foggy, sleepy face instantly changed, the eyes opened, the colors played on the cheeks; thoughts moved, desire and will sparkled in the eyes. But the fear of losing peace makes Oblomov give up his love for Olga. "Oblomovism" turns out to be even stronger than love. This is the real tragedy!

In the future, Ilya Ilyich finds his "ideal" in the heartfelt love of Agafya Matveevna Pshenitsyna, who does not demand anything from him, indulging him in everything. In her house, "he was now surrounded by such simple, kind, loving faces who agreed to support his life with their existence, to help him not to notice, not to feel it." Disappeared world of childhood, Oblomovka reappears. Food and rest - these are all Ilya Ilyich's occupations.

The dignity of Oblomov lies in the fact that he himself condemned himself and was aware of the inevitable spiritual death. Olga in anguish asks him: “What ruined you, Ilya? There is no name for this hell ... "Ilya Ilyich answered her:" There is - Oblomovism! Oblomov suffers from the fact that he does not see a goal in life and does not find an application for his strength.

The writer showed Oblomov's path to the realization of his worthlessness, insolvency, and, ultimately, to the disintegration of his personality. Destruction of the essence of human nature.

So, the hero of the novel was killed by "Oblomovism". This phenomenon is not an individual feature of Oblomov, but, in the words of Dobrolyubov, "it serves as a key to unraveling many phenomena of Russian life." The critic concludes: "A significant part of Oblomov sits in each of us, and it is too early to write a funeral word for us."