Speech techniques in literature. Artistic techniques in literature: examples of expressiveness

To the question What are the literary techniques of the author? given by the author Jovetlana the best answer is


ALLEGORY

3. ANALOGY

4. ANOMASIA
Replacing a person's name with an object.
5. ANTITHESIS

6. APPLICATION

7. HYPERBOLE
Exaggeration.
8. LITOTA

9. METAPHOR

10. METONYMY

11. OVERLAY

12. OXYMORON
Correlation by contrast
13. NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
Proof is to the contrary.
14. REFRAIN

15. SYNEGDOCHA

16. CHIASM

17. ELIPSIS

18. EPHEMISM
Replacing the rough with the graceful.
ALL artistic techniques work equally in any genre and do not depend on the material. Their selection and appropriateness of use are determined by the author's style, taste and specific way of developing each specific thing.
Source: See examples here http://biblioteka.teatr-obraz.ru/node/4596

Answer from stoirosovy[guru]
Literary devices are phenomena of a very different scale: they concern a different volume of literature - from a line in a poem to a whole literary movement.
Literary devices listed on Wikipedia:
Allegory‎ Metaphors‎ Rhetorical figures‎ Quote‎ Euphemisms‎ Auto-epigraph Alliteration Allusion Anagram Anachronism Antiphrasis Graphic verse Disposition
Sound writing Gaping Allegory Contamination Lyrical digression Literary mask Logograph Macaronism Minus device Paronymy Stream of consciousness Reminiscence
Figured poetry Black humor Aesopian language Epigraph.

Answer from Old Church Slavonic[newbie]
personification

Answer from Vemerev Mikhail[newbie]
Olympiad tasks school stage All-Russian Olympiad schoolchildren in 2013-2014
Literature Grade 8
Tasks.












He says a word - the nightingale sings;
Her cheeks are rosy,
Like the dawn in God's heaven.



Half smile, half cry
Her eyes are like two lies
Covered in mist of failures.
Combination of two mysteries
Half delight, half fright
A fit of insane tenderness,
The anticipation of death torments.
7, 5 points (0.5 points for the correct title of the work, 0.5 points for the correct title of the author of the work, 0.5 points for the correct name of the character)
3. What places are connected with life and creative way poets and writers? Find matches.
1.B. A. Zhukovsky. 1. Tarkhany.
2.A. S. Pushkin. 2. Spasskoye - Lutovinovo.
3.N. A. Nekrasov. 3. Yasnaya Polyana.
4.A. A. Blok. 4. Taganrog.
5.N. V. Gogol. 5. Konstantinovo.
6.M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin. 6. Belev.
7.M. Y. Lermontov. 7. Mikhailovskoye.
8.I. S. Turgenev. 8. Sinful.
9.L. N. Tolstoy. 9. Chess.
10.A. P. Chekhov. 10. Vasilievka.
11.C. A. Yesenin. 11. Spas - Angle.
5.5 points (0.5 points for each correct answer)
4. Name the authors of the given fragments of works of art
4.1. Oh memory of the heart! You are stronger
Reason of sad memory
And often with its sweetness
You captivate me in a distant country.
4.2. And the crows?
Yes, they are to God!
I'm in my own, not in someone else's forest.
Let them shout, raise the alarm -
I won't die from croaking.
4.3. I hear the songs of the lark,
I hear the trill of the nightingale ...
This is the Russian side
This is my homeland!
4.4. Hello, Russia - my homeland!
How happy I am under your foliage!
And there is no singing

Answer from I-beam[newbie]
RECEPTION literary - includes all the means and moves that the poet uses in the "arrangement" (composition) of his work.
For unfolding the material and creating an image, humanity has developed over the centuries certain generalized methods, techniques based on psychological patterns. They were discovered by ancient Greek rhetoricians and have since been successfully used in all arts. These techniques are called TROPES (from the Greek. Tropos - turn, direction).
Paths are not recipes, but helpers, developed and tested over the centuries. Here they are:
ALLEGORY
Allegory, the expression of an abstract, abstract concept through specifics.
3. ANALOGY
Matching by similarity, establishing correspondences.
4. ANOMASIA
Replacing a person's name with an object.
5. ANTITHESIS
Contrasting opposites.
6. APPLICATION
Enumeration and piling up (homogeneous details, definitions, etc.).
7. HYPERBOLE
Exaggeration.
8. LITOTA
Understatement (reverse of hyperbole)
9. METAPHOR
Revelation of one phenomenon through another.
10. METONYMY
Establishing connections by adjacency, i.e., association by similar features.
11. OVERLAY
Direct and figurative meanings in one phenomenon.
12. OXYMORON
Correlation by contrast
13. NEGATIVE NEGATIVE
Proof is to the contrary.
14. REFRAIN
Repetition, enhancing the expressiveness or force of impact.
15. SYNEGDOCHA
More instead of less and less instead of more.
16. CHIASM
Normal order in one and flip in the other (gag).
17. ELIPSIS
An artistically expressive omission (of some part or phase of an event, movement, etc.).
18. EPHEMISM
Replacing the rough with the graceful.
ALL artistic techniques work equally in any genre and do not depend on the material. Their selection and appropriateness of use are determined by the author's style, taste and specific way of developing each specific thing. Olympiad tasks of the school stage of the All-Russian Olympiad for schoolchildren in 2013-2014
Literature Grade 8
Tasks.
1. Many fables contain expressions that have become proverbs and sayings. Indicate the name of the fables of I. A. Krylov according to the given lines.
1.1. "I walk on my hind legs."
1.2. "The Cuckoo praises the Rooster for praising the Cuckoo."
1.3. "When there is no agreement among the comrades, their business will not go smoothly."
1.4. " Deliver us, God, from such judges."
1.5. "A great man is only loud in deeds."
5 points (1 point for each correct answer)
2. Determine the works and their authors according to the given portrait characteristics. Indicate whose portrait this is.
2.1. In holy Russia, our mother,
Do not find, do not find such a beauty:
Walks smoothly - like a swan;
Looks sweet - like a dove;
He says a word - the nightingale sings;
Her cheeks are rosy,
Like the dawn in God's heaven.
2.2. “... the official cannot be said to be very remarkable, short in stature, somewhat pockmarked, somewhat reddish, even somewhat blind-sighted, with a small bald spot on his forehead, with wrinkles on both sides of his cheeks and a complexion, as they say, hemorrhoids ... "
2.3. (He) "was a man of the most cheerful, most meek disposition, constantly sang in an undertone, looked carelessly in all directions, spoke a little through his nose, smiling, screwing up his light blue eyes, and often took his thin, wedge-shaped beard with his hand."
2.4. “All of him, from head to toe, was covered with hair, like the ancient Esau, and his nails became like iron. He has long ceased to blow his nose,
he walked more and more on all fours and even wondered how he had not noticed before that this way of walking was the most decent and most convenient.
2.5. Her eyes are like two clouds
Half smile, half cry
Her eyes are like two lies
Covered in mist of failures.
Combination of two mysteries
Half delight, half fright
A fit of insane tenderness,
The anticipation of death torments.

Answer from Daniel Babkin[newbie]
Not only in literature, but also in oral, colloquial speech we use different methods artistic expressiveness to give it emotionality, imagery and persuasiveness. This is especially facilitated by the use of metaphors - the use of a word in figurative meaning(bow of a boat, eye of a needle, stranglehold, fire of love).
An epithet is a technique similar to a metaphor, but the only difference is that the epithet does not name the subject of artistic display, but a sign of this subject ( good fellow, the sun is clear or oh you, bitter grief, boredom is boring, mortal!).
Comparison - when one object is characterized through comparison with another, it is usually expressed using certain words: "exactly", "as if", "similar", "as if". (the sun is like a fireball, the rain is like a bucket).
Literary art also includes personification. This is a kind of metaphor that assigns the properties of living beings to objects of inanimate nature. The personification is also the transfer of human properties to animals (cunning, like foxes).
Hyperbole (exaggeration) - one of the expressive means of speech, is a meaning with an exaggeration of what is being discussed (darkness-darkness money, never seen each other).
And vice versa, the opposite of hyperbole - litote (simplicity) - an excessive understatement of what is at stake (a boy with a finger, a peasant with a fingernail).
The list can be supplemented with sarcasm, irony and humor.
Sarcasm (translated from Greek as “I tear meat”) is an evil irony, a caustic remark or a caustic mockery.
Irony is also a mockery, but softer, when one thing is said in words, but something completely different, the opposite, is implied.
Humor is one of the means of expression, meaning "mood", "temper". When the story is told in a comical, allegorical way.

Figures of speech on Wikipedia
Check out the wikipedia article on Figures of Speech

TROPE

Trope is a word or expression used figuratively to create artistic image and achieve greater expressiveness. Pathways include techniques such as epithet, comparison, personification, metaphor, metonymy, sometimes referred to as hyperbolas and litotes. No work of art is complete without tropes. art word- polysemantic; the writer creates images, playing with the meanings and combinations of words, using the environment of the word in the text and its sound - all this makes up the artistic possibilities of the word, which is the only tool of the writer or poet.
Note! When creating a trail, the word is always used in a figurative sense.

Consider different types trails:

EPITHET(Greek Epitheton, attached) - this is one of the tropes, which is an artistic, figurative definition. An epithet can be:
adjectives: gentle face (S. Yesenin); these poor villages, this meager nature ... (F. Tyutchev); transparent maiden (A. Blok);
participles: edge abandoned(S. Yesenin); frantic dragon (A. Blok); takeoff radiant(M. Tsvetaeva);
nouns, sometimes together with their surrounding context: Here he is, leader without squad(M. Tsvetaeva); My youth! My dove is swarthy!(M. Tsvetaeva).

Each epithet reflects the uniqueness of the author's perception of the world, therefore it necessarily expresses some kind of assessment and has a subjective meaning: a wooden shelf is not an epithet, so there is no artistic definition, wooden face - an epithet expressing the impression of the interlocutor speaking about the facial expression, that is, creating an image.
There are stable (permanent) folklore epithets: remote burly kind well done, clear the sun, as well as tautological, that is, epithets-repetitions that have the same root with the word being defined: Oh you, grief is bitter, boredom is boring, mortal! (A. Blok).

In a work of art An epithet can perform various functions:

• characterize the subject: shining eyes, eyes diamonds;
• create atmosphere, mood gloomy morning;
• convey the attitude of the author (narrator, lyrical hero) to the object being characterized: "Where will our prankster"(A. Pushkin);
• combine all previous functions in equal proportions (in most cases, the use of the epithet).

Note! All color terms in artistic text are epithets.

COMPARISON- this is an artistic technique (tropes), in which an image is created by comparing one object with another. Comparison differs from other artistic comparisons, for example, similes, in that it always has a strict formal feature: a comparative construction or turnover with comparative conjunctions. as, as if, as if, exactly, as if and the like. Type expressions he looked like... cannot be considered a comparison as a trope.

Comparison examples:

Comparison also plays certain roles in the text: sometimes authors use the so-called extended comparison, revealing various signs phenomena or conveying their attitude to several phenomena. Often the work is entirely based on comparison, such as, for example, V. Bryusov's poem "Sonnet to Form":

PERSONALIZATION- an artistic technique (tropes), in which an inanimate object, phenomenon or concept is given human properties (do not confuse, it is human!). Personification can be used narrowly, in one line, in a small fragment, but it can be a technique on which the whole work is built (“You are my abandoned land” by S. Yesenin, “Mom and the evening killed by the Germans”, “Violin and a little nervously” by V. Mayakovsky and others). Personification is considered one of the types of metaphor (see below).

Impersonation task- correlate the depicted object with a person, make it closer to the reader, figuratively comprehend inner essence object hidden from everyday life. Personification is one of the oldest figurative means of art.

HYPERBOLA(Greek Hyperbole, exaggeration) is a technique in which an image is created through artistic exaggeration. Hyperbole is not always included in the set of tropes, but by the nature of the use of the word in a figurative sense to create an image, hyperbole is very close to tropes. A technique opposite to hyperbole in content is LITOTES(Greek Litotes, simplicity) is an artistic understatement.

Hyperbole allows the author to show the reader in exaggerated form the most character traits depicted subject. Often, hyperbole and litotes are used by the author in an ironic vein, revealing not just characteristic, but negative, from the author's point of view, sides of the subject.

METAPHOR(Greek Metaphora, transfer) - a type of so-called complex trope, speech turnover, in which the properties of one phenomenon (object, concept) are transferred to another. Metaphor contains a hidden comparison, a figurative likening of phenomena using the figurative meaning of words, what the object is compared with is only implied by the author. No wonder Aristotle said that "to compose good metaphors means to notice similarities."

Metaphor examples:

METONYMY(Greek Metonomadzo, rename) - type of trail: a figurative designation of an object according to one of its signs.

Examples of metonymy:

When studying the topic "Means of artistic expression" and completing tasks, pay special attention to the definitions of the above concepts. You must not only understand their meaning, but also know the terminology by heart. This will protect you from practical mistakes: knowing for sure that the comparison technique has strict formal features (see the theory on topic 1), you will not confuse this technique with a number of other artistic techniques that are also based on a comparison of several objects, but are not a comparison .

Please note that you must start your answer either with the suggested words (by rewriting them), or with your own version of the beginning of the full answer. This applies to all such assignments.

• Literary criticism: Reference materials. - M., 1988.
• Polyakov M. Rhetoric and Literature. Theoretical aspects. - In the book: Questions of Poetics and Artistic Semantics. - M.: Sov. writer, 1978.
• Dictionary literary terms. - M., 1974.

What distinguishes fiction from other types of texts? If you think that this is a plot, then you are mistaken, because lyrics are a fundamentally “plotless” area of ​​literature, and prose is often plotless (for example, a poem in prose). The original “entertainment” is also not a criterion, since in different eras fiction performed functions very far from entertainment (and even opposite to it).

« Artistic techniques in literature - this is perhaps the main attribute that characterizes fiction.

What are art supplies for?

Techniques in literature are designed to give the text

• various expressive qualities,
• originality,
• reveal the attitude of the author to the written,
• and also to convey some hidden meanings and connections between parts of the text.

At the same time, outwardly, no new information as if it is not entered into the text, because leading role play various ways combinations of words and parts of a phrase.

Artistic techniques in literature are usually divided into two categories:

• trails,
• figures.

A trope is the use of a word in an allegorical, figuratively. The most common trails:

• metaphor,
• metonymy,
• synecdoche.

Figures are methods of syntactic organization of sentences that differ from the standard arrangement of words and give the text one or another additional meaning. Examples of figures are

• antithesis (opposition),
• inner rhyme,
• isocolon (rhythmic and syntactic similarity of parts of the text).

But there is no clear boundary between figures and paths. Techniques such as

• comparison,
• hyperbola,
• litho, etc.

Literary devices and the emergence of literature

Most artistic techniques in general originate from primitive

• religious performances,
• will accept
• superstition.

The same can be said about literary devices. And here the distinction between paths and figures acquires a new meaning.

The paths are directly related to ancient magical ideas and rituals. First of all, this is a taboo on

• item name,
• animal,
• pronouncing a person's name.

It was believed that when designating a bear by its direct name, you can bring it on to the one who pronounces this word. So there were

• metonymy,
• synecdoche

(bear - “brown”, “muzzle”, wolf - “gray”, etc.). Such are euphemisms (“decent” replacement for an obscene concept) and dysphemisms (“obscene” designation of a neutral concept). The first is also associated with a system of taboos on certain concepts (for example, the designation of the genitals), and the prototypes of the second were originally used to avoid the evil eye (according to the ancients) or to etiquette belittle the called object (for example, oneself in front of a deity or a representative of a higher class). Over time, religious and social ideas were "debunked" and subjected to a kind of profanity (that is, the removal of sacred status), and the paths began to play an exclusively aesthetic role.

The figures seem to be of a more "mundane" origin. They could serve the purpose of memorizing complex speech formulas:

• rules
• laws,
• scientific definitions.

Until now, such techniques are used in children's educational literature, as well as in advertising. And their most important function is rhetorical: to draw the public's attention to the content of the text by deliberately "violating" strict speech norms. These are

• rhetorical questions,
• rhetorical exclamations,
• rhetorical addresses.

”The prototype of fiction in modern understanding the words were prayers and incantations, ritual chants, as well as speeches by ancient orators.

Many centuries have passed, the "magic" formulas have lost their power, however, on a subconscious and emotional level, they continue to influence a person, using our inner understanding of harmony and order.

Video: Figurative and expressive means in literature

Literary techniques have been widely used at all times, not only by classics or authors, but also by marketers, poets, and even ordinary people to more vividly recreate the story being told. Without them, it will not be possible to add liveliness to prose, poetry or an ordinary sentence, they decorate and allow you to feel as accurately as possible what the narrator wanted to convey to us.

Any work, regardless of its size or artistic direction, is based not only on the features of the language, but also directly on the poetic sound. This does not mean at all that certain information should be conveyed in rhymes. It is necessary that it be soft and beautiful, flow like poetry.

Of course, literary ones are quite different from those that people use in everyday life. A common person, as a rule, will not select words, he will give out such a comparison, metaphor or, for example, an epithet that will help him explain something faster. As for the authors, they do it more beautifully, sometimes even too pretentiously, but only when the work as a whole or its individual character in particular requires it.

Summing up

In this way, literary devices are so diverse that authors have a wide scope for their use. It should be noted that excessive passion for these elements will not make a beautiful work. It is necessary to be discreet in their use in order to make the reading smooth and soft.

It should be said about one more function that literary devices have. It lies in the fact that only with the help of them it is often possible to revive the character, create the necessary atmosphere, which is quite difficult without visual effects. However, in this case, you should not be zealous, because when the intrigue grows, but the denouement does not approach, the reader will certainly begin to look ahead with his eyes in order to calm himself. In order to learn how to skillfully use literary techniques, you need to familiarize yourself with the works of authors who already know how to do it.

As you know, the word is the basic unit of any language, as well as the most important constituent element his artistic means. The correct use of vocabulary largely determines the expressiveness of speech.

In the context, the word is a special world, a mirror of the author's perception and attitude to reality. It has its own, metaphorical, accuracy, its own special truths, called artistic revelations, the functions of vocabulary depend on the context.

The individual perception of the world around us is reflected in such a text with the help of metaphorical statements. After all, art is, first of all, the self-expression of an individual. The literary fabric is woven from metaphors that create an exciting and emotional image of a particular work of art. Additional meanings appear in words, a special stylistic coloring that creates a kind of world that we discover for ourselves while reading the text.

Not only in literary, but also in oral, we use, without hesitation, various methods of artistic expression to give it emotionality, persuasiveness, figurativeness. Let's see what artistic techniques are in the Russian language.

The use of metaphors especially contributes to the creation of expressiveness, so let's start with them.

Metaphor

Artistic devices in literature cannot be imagined without mentioning the most important of them - a way to create a linguistic picture of the world based on the meanings already existing in the language itself.

The types of metaphors can be distinguished as follows:

1. Fossilized, worn, dry or historical (bow of a boat, eye of a needle).
2. Phraseological units are stable figurative combinations of words that have emotionality, metaphor, reproducibility in the memory of many native speakers, expressiveness (death grip, vicious circle, etc.).
3. A single metaphor (for example, a homeless heart).
4. Unfolded (heart - "porcelain bell in yellow China" - Nikolai Gumilyov).
5. Traditional poetic (morning of life, fire of love).
6. Individually-author's (hump of the sidewalk).

In addition, a metaphor can simultaneously be an allegory, personification, hyperbole, paraphrase, meiosis, litote and other tropes.

The word "metaphor" itself means "transfer" in Greek. In this case, we are dealing with the transfer of the name from one subject to another. For it to become possible, they must certainly have some kind of similarity, they must be related in some way. A metaphor is a word or expression that is used in a figurative sense due to the similarity of two phenomena or objects in some way.

As a result of this transfer, an image is created. Therefore, metaphor is one of the most striking means of expressiveness of artistic, poetic speech. However, the absence of this trope does not mean the absence of expressiveness of the work.

Metaphor can be both simple and detailed. In the twentieth century, the use of expanded in poetry is revived, and the nature of simple changes significantly.

Metonymy

Metonymy is a type of metaphor. Translated from Greek, this word means "renaming", that is, it is the transfer of the name of one object to another. Metonymy is the replacement of a certain word by another on the basis of the existing adjacency of two concepts, objects, etc. This is an imposition on the direct meaning of a figurative one. For example: "I ate two plates." The confusion of meanings, their transfer is possible because the objects are adjacent, and the adjacency can be in time, space, etc.

Synecdoche

Synecdoche is a type of metonymy. Translated from Greek, this word means "correlation". Such a transfer of meaning takes place when a smaller one is called instead of a larger one, or vice versa; instead of a part - a whole, and vice versa. For example: "According to Moscow".

Epithet

Artistic techniques in literature, the list of which we are now compiling, cannot be imagined without an epithet. This is a figure, trope, figurative definition, phrase or word denoting a person, phenomenon, object or action with a subjective

Translated from Greek, this term means "attached, application", that is, in our case, one word is attached to some other.

Epithet from simple definition distinguished by its artistic expressiveness.

Permanent epithets are used in folklore as a means of typification, and also as one of the most important means of artistic expression. In the strict sense of the term, only those of them belong to paths, the function of which is played by words in a figurative sense, in contrast to the so-called exact epithets, which are expressed by words in a direct sense (red berry, beautiful flowers). Figurative are created by using words in a figurative sense. Such epithets are called metaphorical. The metonymic transfer of the name can also underlie this trope.

An oxymoron is a kind of epithet, the so-called contrasting epithets, which form combinations with definable nouns that are opposite in meaning to words (hating love, joyful sadness).

Comparison

Comparison - a trope in which one object is characterized through comparison with another. That is, this is a comparison of various objects by similarity, which can be both obvious and unexpected, distant. Usually it is expressed using certain words: "exactly", "as if", "like", "as if". Comparisons can also take the instrumental form.

personification

Describing artistic techniques in literature, it is necessary to mention personification. This is a kind of metaphor, which is the assignment of the properties of living beings to objects of inanimate nature. Often it is created by referring to similar natural phenomena as conscious living beings. The personification is also the transfer of human properties to animals.

Hyperbole and litote

Let us note such methods of artistic expressiveness in literature as hyperbole and litotes.

Hyperbole (in translation - "exaggeration") is one of the expressive means of speech, which is a figure with the meaning of exaggeration of what is being discussed.

Litota (in translation - "simplicity") - the opposite of hyperbole - an excessive understatement of what is at stake (a boy with a finger, a peasant with a fingernail).

Sarcasm, irony and humor

We continue to describe artistic techniques in literature. Our list will be supplemented by sarcasm, irony and humor.

• Sarcasm means "I tear meat" in Greek. This is an evil irony, a caustic mockery, a caustic remark. Using sarcasm creates comic effect, however, at the same time, an ideological and emotional assessment is clearly felt.
• Irony in translation means "pretense", "mockery". It occurs when one thing is said in words, but something completely different, the opposite, is implied.
• Humor is one of the lexical means of expression, in translation meaning "mood", "temper". In a comical, allegorical manner, whole works can sometimes be written in which one feels a mockingly good-natured attitude towards something. For example, the story "Chameleon" by A.P. Chekhov, as well as many fables by I.A. Krylov.

The types of artistic techniques in literature do not end there. We present to you the following.

Grotesque

The most important artistic devices in literature include the grotesque. The word "grotesque" means "intricate", "fancy". This artistic technique is a violation of the proportions of phenomena, objects, events depicted in the work. It is widely used in the work of, for example, M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin ("Lord Golovlevs", "History of a City", fairy tales). This is an artistic technique based on exaggeration. However, its degree is much greater than that of hyperbole.

Sarcasm, irony, humor, and the grotesque are popular artistic devices in literature. Examples of the first three are the stories of A.P. Chekhov and N.N. Gogol. The work of J. Swift is grotesque (for example, "Gulliver's Travels").

What artistic technique does the author (Saltykov-Shchedrin) use to create the image of Judas in the novel "Lord Golovlevs"? Of course, grotesque. Irony and sarcasm are present in the poems of V. Mayakovsky. The works of Zoshchenko, Shukshin, Kozma Prutkov are filled with humor. These artistic devices in literature, examples of which we have just given, as you can see, are very often used by Russian writers.

Pun

A pun is a figure of speech that is an involuntary or deliberate ambiguity that occurs when two or more meanings of a word are used in the context or when their sound is similar. Its varieties are paronomasia, false etymologization, zeugma and concretization.

In puns, the play on words is based on Jokes arise from them. These artistic techniques in literature can be found in the works of V. Mayakovsky, Omar Khayyam, Kozma Prutkov, A.P. Chekhov.

Figure of speech - what is it?

The word "figure" itself is translated from Latin as " appearance, outline, image. "The word is polysemantic. What does it mean this term applied to artistic speech? related to the figures: questions, appeals.

What is a "trope"?

"What is the name of the artistic technique that uses the word in a figurative sense?" - you ask. The term "trope" combines various techniques: epithet, metaphor, metonymy, comparison, synecdoche, litote, hyperbole, personification and others. In translation, the word "trope" means "turn". Artistic speech differs from ordinary speech in that it uses special phrases that decorate speech and make it more expressive. AT different styles different means of expression. The most important thing in the concept of "expressiveness" for artistic speech is the ability of a text, a work of art to have an aesthetic, emotional impact on the reader, to create poetic paintings and vivid images.

We all live in a world of sounds. Some of them evoke positive emotions in us, while others, on the contrary, excite, alert, cause anxiety, soothe or induce sleep. Various sounds cause various images. With the help of their combination, you can emotionally influence a person. Reading literary works of literature and Russian folk art, we are especially sensitive to their sound.

Basic techniques for creating sound expressiveness

• Alliteration is the repetition of similar or identical consonants.
• Assonance is the intentional harmonic repetition of vowels.

Often alliteration and assonance are used in works at the same time. These techniques are aimed at evoking various associations in the reader.

Reception of sound writing in fiction

Sound writing is an artistic technique, which is the use of certain sounds in a specific order to create a certain image, that is, the selection of words that imitate sounds real world. This reception in fiction used in both poetry and prose.

Sound types:

1. Assonance means "consonance" in French. Assonance is the repetition of the same or similar vowel sounds in a text to create a specific sound image. It contributes to the expressiveness of speech, it is used by poets in the rhythm, rhyme of poems.
2. Alliteration - from This technique is the repetition of consonants in an artistic text to create some sound image, in order to make poetic speech more expressive.
3. Onomatopoeia - the transmission of special words, reminiscent of the sounds of the phenomena of the surrounding world, auditory impressions.

These artistic techniques in poetry are very common, without them poetic speech would not be so melodic.