The musician is interested. “Eternal sunshine in music - your name is Mozart! Listen to media radio "Blago" online

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791)

V.A. Mozart as a child was called the sunny boy, in early adolescence - a child prodigy, and then - a genius.

At the age of 4, he freely played the violin and harpsichord, at the age of 6 he began to compose music, at 7 he improvised, competing with famous musicians, at 14 he was recognized as a composer, and at 15 - a member of the music academies of Bologna and Verona.

He lived only 35 years and created

626 musical works,

including:

23 operas,

18 sonatas,

23 piano concertos,

41 symphonies.

He worked in all musical forms of his time and in all achieved the highest success.

Brief encyclopedic reference

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) - the great Austrian composer and conductor, representative of the Vienna classical school music, author of more than 600 pieces of music. According to contemporaries, he had a phenomenal ear for music memory and the ability to improvise. Worldwide recognized as one of the the greatest composers: his uniqueness lies in the fact that he worked in all musical forms of his time and achieved the highest success in all.

Early years.

1. Salzburg. The house where W. A. ​​Mozart was born. 2. Leopold Mozart. Hood. P.Lorenz. 3.Watercolor artist Carmontel. Lesson for Wolfgang and Anna.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (baptismal name - Johann Chrysostom Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart) was born on January 27, 1756 in the small Austrian town of Salzburg. The first two words in his full name are the name of St. John Chrysostom, the last - in Latin means "beloved of God." Mozart himself preferred to be called Wolfgang.

His father, Leopolda Mozart, was the court organist and at the same time the most famous in Europe. music teacher. His book "The Experience of a Solid Violin School" was published in 1756 - the year Mozart was born, went through many editions and was translated into Russian. musical talent Wolfgang and his older sister Anna showed up in early childhood. The father himself taught his son to play the organ, violin, harpsichord. At the age of three, the boy confidently improvised, and at five, he composed musical works.

4. Six-year-old Mozart in a suit donated by the Empress. Hood. P.Lorenz. 5. The Mozart family. On the wall is a portrait of the mother. Hood. I. Nepomuk de Croce.

Deciding to show his little child prodigy to the public, Leopold Mozart undertakes in 1762, when his son was only 6 years old, a successful concert tour of Germany, Switzerland, Holland. The family twice receives a reception from Empress Maria Theresa. Mozart's concert tours have been going on for about ten years, and everywhere and always the music of the boy Mozart amazed the listeners with amazing beauty and harmony. In addition to Wolfgang, his older sister Anna, a gifted singer, also participates in the tour.

By the age of 17, the young composer's repertoire included more than 40 major works. Concerts brought a considerable income to the family, but required great physical and mental costs from little musicians.

In 1763, four works by the young composer were published in France in sonata form for clavier and violin. It was a real confession.

6. Order of the Golden Spur. 7. Son of J.S. Bach - Christian Bach. Hood. T.Gainsborough. 8. Portrait of Mozart. Hood. Doris Stock.

Especially important for the Mozarts was a trip to London (1764 - 1765). Immediately upon arrival, they were received by King George III. One of the concerts was attended by the composer Johann Christian Bach (son of the great Johann Sebastian Bach), whom Mozart would call his teacher many years later. It was in London that the first symphonies were composed.

From 1766 to 1769, living in Salzburg and Vienna, Mozart studied the work of the great masters, in particular Handel.

1769 - 1770 - a trip to Italy. Mozarts are received by King Ferdinand IV and Pope Clement XIV, who awards the musician with the Order of the Golden Spur.

In the years 1770-1774 Mozart lived in Italy, where he studied European music and mastered the intricacies of craftsmanship, got acquainted with outstanding musicians of his time. His first operas (The Imaginary Simple Woman, Mithridates the King of Pontus, Lucius Sulla, and The Dream of Scipio) were also created there, which were a great success with the public.

The flowering of creativity.

The heyday of Mozart's creativity is considered to be the 70s of the 18th century, when he created such works as Symphony No. 31 (Paris), 6 sonatas for clavier, sacred choirs, a concerto for flute and harp, 12 ballet numbers.
At the same time, Mozart is having a hard time with the death of his mother. The loss changed the style of his works from serene, sunny to stormy, dramatic.

At this time (1779) Mozart begins to serve. And his first place permanent job becomes the position of court organist in hometown. But court life burdens the independent and freedom-loving creative personality already a well-known musician, and he chooses the difficult path of a free musician and heavy worries about his daily bread.

Peak of glory.

In 1781 on opera stage Munich debuted Mozart's opera Idomeneo, which was a great success with the public. Mozart decides to permanently settle in Vienna. In 1783 he marries Constance Weber. At this time, Mozart gained wide popularity in Vienna; his "academies" were very popular - the so-called public author's concerts, in which the works of one composer were performed by himself. In Vienna, the most significant works operatic and symphonic genres. The most famous operas The Marriage of Figaro and Don Giovanni (both co-written with the poet Lorenzo da Ponte) are staged in all major theaters Europe, becoming outstanding examples of operatic realism.

In 1789, the composer received a very lucrative offer to head the court chapel in Berlin. Music world At that time, I did not understand his refusal, which at the same time was fraught with material difficulties. The composer himself made a choice in favor of family and creativity.

Taking care of the financial support of children, Mozart was forced to work hard. At this time, he is haunted by failure. "Don Juan" unexpectedly fails in Vienna. Mozart was forced to take the position of composer and bandmaster at the court of Emperor Joseph II, who understood little about music and could publicly say that Mozart's compositions were "not to the taste of the Viennese."

Last big essay Mozart became a brilliant opera on German The Magic Flute (1791) is a kind of spiritual testament.

9. Hood. I. Edlinger. Lifetime portrait of W. A. ​​Mozart. Munich. 1790. 10. Vienna. The house where

Death.

The last years of Mozart's life are tragic. His wife was seriously ill. Worries and intense creative work finally undermined the health of the 35-year-old composer. From November 1791, Mozart was ill a lot and did not get out of bed at all. He felt the approach of death, so he mystically accepted the order to create the funeral mass "Requiem". The order was made by Count Walsegg-Stuppach in memory of his deceased wife. There is evidence that the count was distinguished by the fact that he ordered works from talented composers, which he later performed under his own name. So it should have been with Requiem. Mozart worked until his strength left him, but the Requiem was never completed. The work was completed by Mozart's student Süssmeier, who used the sketches and sketches of his great teacher.

The last months of the composer's life were spent in poverty. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart died on December 5, 1791 acute fever. Buried in common grave for the poor at St. Mark's Cemetery in Vienna. However famous legend about the poisoning of Mozart by his friend and rival Salieri, who did not find historical confirmation, continues to live.

For the Viennese, Mozart's death passed almost imperceptibly, however, in Prague, with a large gathering of people (about 4,000 people), in memory of Mozart on the 9th day after his death, 120 musicians performed with special additions "Requiem" by Antonio Rosetti, written back in 1776.

We invite you to watch one of the best biographical documentaries about the great Mozart. It was created by the German musicologist and composer Malcoln Hossick, based on published materials and personal impressions. The film in mp4 format lasts 26 minutes and covers all major events from the life of Mozart. Follow the link to youtube: https://youtu.be/updJKzBBe5A - or just click on the frame.

Here is a list of 10 composers you should know. It is safe to say about each of them that he is the greatest composer who has ever been, although in fact it is impossible, and indeed impossible, to compare music written over several centuries. However, all these composers stand out among their contemporaries as the composers who composed the music. the highest level and sought to push the boundaries classical music to new limits. The list does not contain any order, such as importance or personal preference. Simply 10 great composers you should know.

Each composer is accompanied by a quotable fact of his life, remembering which you will look like an expert. And by clicking on the link to the names, you will recognize him full biography. And of course, you can listen to one of the significant works of each master.

The most important figure in world classical music. One of the most performed and respected composers in the world. He worked in all the genres that existed in his time, including opera, ballet, music for dramatic performances, choral compositions. The most significant in his legacy are considered instrumental works: piano, violin and cello sonatas, concertos for pianoforte, for violin, quartets, overtures, symphonies. Founder romantic period in classical music.

Interesting fact.

Beethoven first wanted to dedicate his third symphony (1804) to Napoleon, the composer was fascinated by the personality of this man, who seemed to many at the beginning of his reign a real hero. But when Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor, Beethoven crossed out his dedication to title page and wrote only one word - "Heroic".

"Moonlight Sonata" by L. Beethoven, listen:

2. (1685-1750)

German composer and organist, representative of the Baroque era. One of the greatest composers in the history of music. During his life, Bach wrote more than 1000 works. All significant genres of that time are represented in his work, except for opera; he summarized the achievements musical art baroque period. Ancestor of the most famous musical dynasty.

Interesting fact.

During his lifetime, Bach was so underestimated that less than a dozen of his works were published.

Toccata and fugue in D minor by J.S. Bach, listen:

3. (1756-1791)

A great Austrian composer, instrumentalist and conductor, a representative of the Vienna Classical School, a virtuoso violinist, harpsichordist, organist, conductor, he had a phenomenal musical ear, memory and ability to improvise. As a composer who has excelled in every genre, he is rightfully considered one of the greatest composers in the history of classical music.

Interesting fact.

While still a child, Mozart memorized and wrote down the Miserere (Cat. chant to the text of the 50th Psalm of David) by the Italian Grigorio Allegri, having listened to it only once.

"Little Night Serenade" by W. A. ​​Mozart, listen:

4. (1813-1883)

German composer, conductor, playwright, philosopher. Had a significant impact on European culture turn XIX-XX centuries, especially modernism. Wagner's operas amaze with their grand scale and eternal human values.

Interesting fact.

Wagner took part in the failed revolution of 1848-1849 in Germany and was forced to hide from arrest by Franz Liszt.

"Ride of the Valkyries" from the opera "Valkyrie" by R. Wagner, listen

5. (1840-1893)

Italian composer, central figure of the Italian opera school. Verdi had a sense of the stage, temperament and impeccable skill. He did not deny operatic traditions (unlike Wagner), but rather developed them (traditions of Italian opera), he transformed Italian opera, filled it with realism, gave it the unity of the whole.

Interesting fact.

Verdi was an Italian nationalist and was elected to the first Italian parliament in 1860, after Italy's independence from Austria.

Overture to D.Verdi's opera "La Traviata", listen:

7. Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky (1882-1971)

Russian (American - after emigration) composer, conductor, pianist. One of the most important composers of the twentieth century. Stravinsky's work is unified throughout his career, although in different periods the style of his works was different, but the core and Russian roots remained, which manifested themselves in all his works, he is considered one of the leading innovators of the twentieth century. His innovative use of rhythm and harmony has inspired and continues to inspire many musicians, and not just in classical music.

Interesting fact.

During World War I, Roman customs officials confiscated a portrait of Stravinsky by Pablo Picasso when the composer was leaving Italy. The portrait was painted in a futuristic manner and the customs officers mistook these circles and lines for some kind of encrypted secret material.

Suite from the ballet by I.F. Stravinsky " Firebird", listen:

8. Johann Strauss (1825-1899)

Austrian composer light music, conductor and violinist. "King of Waltzes", he worked in the genre dance music and operettas. In his musical heritage more than 500 waltzes, polkas, square dances and other types of dance music, as well as several operettas and ballets. Thanks to him, the waltz became extremely popular in Vienna in the 19th century.

Interesting fact.

Father of Johann Strauss - also Johann and also famous musician, therefore, the "king of waltzes" is called the younger or son, his brothers Joseph and Eduard were also famous composers.

Waltz by I. Strauss "On the Beautiful Blue Danube", listen:

9. Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov (1873-1943)

Austrian composer, one of the prominent representatives of the Viennese classical music school and one of the founders of romanticism in music. For my short life Schubert made significant contributions to orchestral, chamber and piano music which influenced an entire generation of composers. However, his most striking contribution was to the development of German romances, of which he created more than 600.

Interesting fact.

Schubert's friends and fellow musicians would get together and play Schubert's music. These meetings were called "Schubertiads" (Schubertiads). Some first fan club!

"Ave Maria" F.P. Schubert, listen:

Continuing the theme of the great composers you should know, new material.

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The brilliant music of Mozart is bright, pure and extraordinarily sincere. It is no coincidence that the Austrian composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is called all over the world "solar composer"

A. S. Pushkin in his little tragedy “Mozart and Salieri” put into the mouth of Salieri the following wonderful words characterizing Mozart’s music: “What depth! What courage, and what harmony! This laconic assessment notes the best qualities music of the great composer.

P. I. Tchaikovsky wrote in one of his diaries: “It is my deep conviction that Mozart is the highest, culminating point, to which beauty has reached in the field of music. No one made me cry, tremble with delight, from the consciousness of my closeness to something that we call the ideal, as he is.

"Eternal sunlight in music, your name is “Mozart,” exclaimed A. G. Rubinstein in his book “Music and Its Representatives.” Modern scholars have decided scientific methods find out what is so attractive in Mozart's music, what is its uniqueness.

Independent research has been conducted around the world by numerous physicians, psychologists and other specialists. All of them eventually came to one thing - Mozart's works are not only harmonious, deep and sunny music, it has a unique healing effect.

American scientists used brain scans (MRI) in people who listened to various music, including Mozart. All types of music activated the part of the cerebral cortex that perceives air vibrations caused by sound waves (the auditory center), and sometimes excited the parts of the brain associated with emotions.

But only Mozart's music activated almost ALL areas of the cerebral cortex (including those involved in motor coordination, in spatial thinking, in the visual process and in higher processes of consciousness). As the scientists themselves noted, in a person listening to the music of Mozart, literally the entire cerebral cortex begins to “glow”.

The presence in Mozart's music of an abundance of high-frequency sounds makes it the most healing among all classical music. Sounds with a frequency of 3000 to 8000 Hz and above cause the greatest resonance and carry a powerful energy charge for the whole organism.

Mozart - the "most suitable" composer for kids

A huge number of scientific studies conducted in many countries of the world indicate that a harmonious, bright and elegant simple music Mozart renders the strongest positive influence on the development of the child's psyche, intelligence and creativity.

Perhaps Mozart, being musical genius from Nature, became a composer already at the age of 4, which brought into his music a pure childish perception, which all “admirers” of his work subconsciously feel - including the smallest listeners.

The poet Konstantin Balmont once called Sergei Prokofiev "a sunny rich man." Indeed, “Prokofiev’s sunshine is diverse, his music is bright like the sun, warm like the sun, and Earth she embraced, as the rays of the sun embrace him.
Cycle short piano pieces- Fleeting - written under the influence of the poems of Konstantin Balmont. Two lines from his poem were chosen by Prokofiev as an epigraph.

"In every evanescence I see worlds.
Full of changeable rainbow play."

"Fleeting"
Visions fugitives, Op. 22

"Fragments" of the composer's major ideas, and sometimes simply digressions from capital works are created twenty piano miniatures - "Fleeting", op. 22 (1915-1917).
“The first was composed No. 5, the last - No. 19,” says Prokofiev, “the order in the collection was established for artistic reasons, and not for chronological ones.

AT piano work Prokofiev's cycle of plays "Fleeting", however, occupies by no means a transient, "fleeting" position. Here, the main structure was embodied in an extremely compressed and condensed way. musical images the composer in their specifically Prokofievian pianistic expression.

The importance of these pieces was immediately felt by N. Ya. Myaskovsky:
"Fleeting" - a series of small in size, but large in terms of the inner content of the little pieces .., - he wrote. - These are, as it were, instant records of minute moods, capricious flashes of fantasy, moments of sudden spiritual concentration or pointless lyricism; now it is a light joke, as if a ray of a smile, then a sharp, unexpectedly broken aphorism, then an excitedly indignant impulse, then, finally, some kind of weak-willed immersion in the other world. The prevailing moods are soft, dreamy, sarcastic, exquisitely simple, but, thanks to the strong and stormy episodes interspersed among them, the whole does not acquire the character of monotony and monotony. ... In "Fleeting" one can clearly feel some kind of organic deepening, enrichment of the author's soul; one feels that the composer has already gone through a period of rapid - headlong - running and begins to stop, look around, notice that the universe manifests itself not only in stunning whirlwinds, but that it is characterized, with constant movement, and moments of deep soul-dissolving peace and silence ...".

The cycle of "Fleeting" can be divided into several groups according to the nature of the images and moods expressed in them. First of all, they are gentle, dreamy, sometimes fabulous and invariably truly lyrical. These are Nos. 1, 2, 8, 16, 17, 18, 20. This is also the most nationally expressed, intonationally Russian group of plays.
The lyrical orientation of the named "Fleeting" leads Prokofiev in the future to "Tales of the old grandmother" and other masterpieces of his lyrical gift. Undoubtedly, the lyrical group of pieces is the most important part of the cycle in its own way. common sense in the work of the composer.

The second group - plays are scherzo, perky, sometimes jokingly humorous. These are Nos. 3, 5, 10, 11. They are saturated with youthful cheerfulness. The world of such images always excited the composer.

And, finally, the third group - plays are sharply expressive, unbridled dynamic, and sometimes dramatic. These are Nos. 4, 14, 15, 19. They are generated not only by the emotions of anxiety, anxiety, conflict. Both purely visual and theatrical-effective moments are very strong in them, that is, something that will later receive its vivid development in the dramatic collisions of his opera and ballet scenes.

The remaining numbers of the cycle stand apart, resolving a variety of figurative and linguistic tasks (for example, "Fleeting" No. 7, as if imitating a harp).

Looking around the entire cycle of plays with one eye, one is amazed at their natural truthfulness, ease of expression, absolute alienation of any mannerisms, playing "show off" any sharp and generally "interesting" places. The "new simplicity" of this kind of lyrics is felt even in relatively complex, harmonically and rhythmically, constructions. It also obliges to a kind of simplicity of interpretation - to restraint and rigor, to avoiding even the slightest hint of "imposition", "openness" of emotional impact, performing rhetoric or "pose".

Yes, the cycle of "Fleeting", without having a common plot-psychological outline, any specific tonal principle of connection or intonational commonality, is still a holistic phenomenon. Plays are united not so much by their type and genre, often even very different, as by a single author's attitude, creative method.
V. Delson
source-http://www.belcanto.ru/prokofiev_visions.html

In August 1917, Balmont entered his sonnet into Sergei Prokofiev's album "What do you think about the sun":

To the child of the gods, Prokofiev

You are a sunny rich man. You drink like honey, sunset.
Your wine is dawn. Your consonances, in the choir,
Rushing to accept in a hurrying conversation
Flowers dreaming of a melodious aroma.
Suddenly you are glad to bring down the night into a golden stream.
There somewhere far crumbly dawns
Like a string of pearls, and in their light dispute
The darkening garden grows in a menacing hum.
And you, forgetting yourself, but keeping the light
Steppe feather-grass, swollen in spring,
In the glimmer of a dream, everything new, everything different,
Played questions and answers with a blade of grass
And in your sound, having planted singing signs,
At night you play ball with the silver moon.