Direction "Reason and Feelings"

Example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings”?

Should reason prevail over feelings? In my opinion, there is no clear answer to this question. In some situations you should listen to the voice of reason, while in other situations, on the contrary, you need to act in accordance with your feelings. Let's look at a few examples.

So, if a person is possessed by negative feelings, he should curb them and listen to the arguments of reason. For example, A. Mass “Difficult Exam” talks about a girl named Anya Gorchakova, who managed to pass a difficult test. The heroine dreamed of becoming an actress, she wanted her parents to come to the play in Kid `s camp, appreciated her game. She tried very hard, but she was disappointed: her parents never arrived on the appointed day. Overwhelmed by a feeling of despair, she decided not to go on stage. The teacher’s reasonable arguments helped her cope with her feelings. Anya realized that she should not let her comrades down, she needed to learn to control herself and complete her task, no matter what. And so it happened, she played better than anyone. The writer wants to teach us a lesson: no matter how strong negative feelings are, we must be able to cope with them, listen to the mind, which tells us the right decision.

However, the mind does not always give the right advice. Sometimes it happens that actions dictated by rational arguments lead to negative consequences. Let us turn to A. Likhanov’s story “Labyrinth”. The father of the main character Tolik was passionate about his work. He enjoyed designing machine parts. When he talked about this, his eyes sparkled. But at the same time, he earned little, but he could have moved to the workshop and received a higher salary, which his mother-in-law constantly reminded him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - his mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to family pressure, the hero sacrificed his feelings to reason: he abandoned his favorite activity in favor of earning money. What did this lead to? Tolik’s father felt deeply unhappy: “His eyes are sore and they seem to be calling. They call for help as if the person is scared, as if he is mortally wounded.” If you owned it before bright feeling joy, now - dull melancholy. This was not the life he dreamed of. The writer shows that decisions that are reasonable at first glance are not always correct; sometimes, by listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Thus, we can conclude: when deciding whether to act in accordance with reason or feelings, a person must take into account the characteristics of a particular situation.

(375 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Should a person live in obedience to his feelings?”

Should a person live according to his feelings? In my opinion, there is no clear answer to this question. In some situations you should listen to the voice of your heart, and in other situations, on the contrary, you should not give in to your feelings, you need to listen to the arguments of your mind. Let's look at a few examples.

Thus, V. Rasputin’s story “French Lessons” talks about the teacher Lydia Mikhailovna, who could not remain indifferent to the plight of her student. The boy was starving and, in order to get money for a glass of milk, he played gambling. Lydia Mikhailovna tried to invite him to the table and even sent him a parcel of food, but the hero rejected her help. Then she decided to take extreme measures: she herself began to play with him for money. Of course, the voice of reason could not help but tell her that she was breaking ethical standards relationship between teacher and student, violates the boundaries of what is permitted, and she will be fired for this. But a feeling of compassion prevailed, and Lidia Mikhailovna violated the generally accepted rules of teacher behavior in order to help the child. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that “good feelings” are more important than reasonable standards.

However, sometimes it happens that a person is possessed by negative feelings: anger, resentment. Captivated by them, he commits bad deeds, although, of course, with his mind he realizes that he is doing evil. The consequences can be tragic. The story “The Trap” by A. Mass describes the action of a girl named Valentina. The heroine dislikes her brother’s wife, Rita. This feeling is so strong that Valentina decides to set a trap for her daughter-in-law: dig a hole and disguise it so that Rita, when she steps, will fall. The girl cannot help but understand that she is committing a bad act, but her feelings take precedence over reason. She carries out her plan, and Rita falls into the prepared trap. Only suddenly it turns out that she was five months pregnant and could lose the baby as a result of a fall. Valentina is horrified by what she has done. She didn't want to kill anyone, especially a child! “How can I continue to live?” - she asks and finds no answer. The author leads us to the idea that we should not give in to power negative feelings, because they provoke cruel acts, which will later be bitterly regretted.

Thus, we can come to the conclusion: you can obey your feelings if they are good and bright; negative ones should be curbed by listening to the voice of reason.

(344 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “The dispute between reason and feelings...”

The dispute between reason and feeling... This confrontation has been eternal. Sometimes the voice of reason is stronger in us, and sometimes we follow the dictates of feeling. In some situations there is no right choice. By listening to feelings, a person will sin against moral standards; listening to reason, he will suffer. There may be no way that will lead to a successful resolution of the situation.

So, in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” the author talks about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that this is what she dreamed about. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, and cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason takes precedence over her feelings, and she refuses Onegin. The heroine places moral duty and marital fidelity above love, but dooms both herself and her lover to suffering. Could the heroes have found happiness if she had made a different decision? Hardly. A Russian proverb says: “You can’t build your own happiness on misfortune.” The tragedy of the heroine’s fate is that the choice between reason and feeling in her situation is a choice without a choice; any decision will only lead to suffering.

Let us turn to the work of N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”. The writer shows what choice one of the heroes, Andriy, faced. On the one hand, he is possessed by a feeling of love for a beautiful Polish woman, on the other hand, he is a Cossack, one of those who besieged the city. The beloved understands that she and Andriy cannot be together: “And I know what your duty and covenant are: your name is father, comrades, homeland, and we are your enemies.” But Andriy’s feelings prevail over all arguments of reason. He chooses love, in the name of it he is ready to betray his homeland and family: “What are my father, comrades and homeland to me!.. The homeland is what our soul is looking for, what is dearer to it than anything else. My fatherland is you!.. And I will sell, give away, and destroy everything that I have for such a fatherland!” The writer shows that wonderful feeling love can push a person to do terrible things: we see that Andriy turns weapons against his former comrades, together with the Poles he fights against the Cossacks, among whom are his brother and father. On the other hand, could he leave his beloved to die of hunger in a besieged city, perhaps becoming a victim of the cruelty of the Cossacks if it was captured? We see that in this situation it is hardly possible right choice, any path leads to tragic consequences.

Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude that, reflecting on the dispute between reason and feeling, it is impossible to say unequivocally what should win.

(399 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “One can be a great person thanks to his feelings - not only his mind.” (Theodore Dreiser)

“One can be a great person thanks to one’s feelings – not just one’s mind,” asserted Theodore Dreiser. Indeed, not only a scientist or a general can be called great. The greatness of a person can be found in bright thoughts and the desire to do good. Feelings such as mercy and compassion can motivate us to noble deeds. By listening to the voice of feelings, a person helps those around him, makes the world a better place and becomes cleaner himself. I will try to confirm my idea with literary examples.

In B. Ekimov’s story “Night of Healing,” the author tells the story of a boy Borka, who comes to visit his grandmother on vacation. The old woman often has wartime nightmares in her dreams, and this makes her scream at night. The mother gives the hero reasonable advice: “She will just start talking in the evening, and you shout: “Be silent!” She stops. We tried". Borka is about to do just that, but the unexpected happens: “the boy’s heart was filled with pity and pain” as soon as he heard his grandmother’s groans. He can no longer follow reasonable advice; he is dominated by a feeling of compassion. Borka calms her grandmother down until she falls asleep peacefully. He is ready to do this every night so that healing can come to her. The author wants to convey to us the idea of ​​the need to listen to the voice of the heart, to act in accordance with good feelings.

A. Aleksin talks about this in his story “Meanwhile, somewhere...” Main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of ex-wife. A woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But I sympathize with the grief of this woman, who was once abandoned by her husband, and now adopted son, makes him neglect the arguments of reason. Seryozha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the worst misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go to the sea on vacation, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will feel good. Yes, you can promise to come see her during the winter holidays. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence over these considerations in him. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to return his ticket to the sea. The author shows that sometimes actions dictated by a sense of mercy can help a person.

Thus, we come to the conclusion: a big heart, just like a big mind, can lead a person to true greatness. Good deeds and pure thoughts testify to the greatness of the soul.

(390 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Our mind sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions.” (Chamfort)

“Our reason sometimes brings us no less grief than our passions,” argued Chamfort. And indeed, grief from the mind happens. When making a decision that seems reasonable at first glance, a person can make a mistake. This happens when the mind and heart are not in harmony, when all his feelings protest against the chosen path, when, having acted in accordance with the arguments of reason, he feels unhappy.

Let's turn to literary examples. A. Aleksin in the story “Meanwhile, somewhere...” talks about a boy named Sergei Emelyanov. The main character accidentally learns about the existence of his father's ex-wife and about her trouble. Once her husband left her, and this was a heavy blow for the woman. But now a much more terrible test awaits her. The adopted son decided to leave her. He found his biological parents and chose them. Shurik doesn’t even want to say goodbye to Nina Georgievna, although she raised him since childhood. When he leaves, he takes all his things. He is guided by seemingly reasonable considerations: he does not want to upset foster mother goodbye, believes that his things will only remind her of her grief. He realizes that it is difficult for her, but he considers it reasonable to live with her newly acquired parents. Aleksin emphasizes that with his actions, so deliberate and balanced, Shurik deals a cruel blow to the woman who loves him selflessly, causing her unspeakable pain. The writer leads us to the idea that sometimes reasonable actions may cause grief.

A completely different situation is described in A. Likhanov’s story “Labyrinth”. The father of the main character Tolik is passionate about his work. He enjoys designing machine parts. When he talks about this, his eyes sparkle. But at the same time, he earns little, but he can move to the workshop and receive a higher salary, which his mother-in-law constantly reminds him of. It would seem that this is a more reasonable decision, because the hero has a family, has a son, and he should not depend on the pension of an elderly woman - his mother-in-law. In the end, yielding to family pressure, the hero sacrifices his feelings to reason: he gives up his favorite job in favor of earning money. What does this lead to? Tolik’s father feels deeply unhappy: “His eyes are sore and they seem to be calling. They call for help as if the person is scared, as if he is mortally wounded.” If before he was possessed by a bright feeling of joy, now he was possessed by dull melancholy. This is not the life he dreams of. The writer shows that decisions that are reasonable at first glance are not always correct; sometimes, by listening to the voice of reason, we doom ourselves to moral suffering.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that a person, following the advice of reason, will not forget about the voice of feelings.

(398 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “What rules the world – reason or feeling?”

What rules the world – reason or feeling? At first glance, it seems that reason dominates. He invents, plans, controls. However, man is not only a rational being, but also endowed with feelings. He hates and loves, rejoices and suffers. And it is feelings that allow him to feel happy or unhappy. Moreover, it is his feelings that force him to create, invent, and change the world. Without feelings, the mind would not create its outstanding creations.

Let's remember J. London's novel "Martin Eden". The main character studied a lot, became famous writer. But what prompted him to work on himself day and night, to create tirelessly? The answer is simple: it is a feeling of love. Martin's heart was won by a girl from high society, Ruth Morse. To win her favor, to win her heart, Martin tirelessly improves himself, overcomes obstacles, endures poverty and hunger on the way to his calling as a writer. It is love that inspires him, helps him find himself and reach the top. Without this feeling, he would have remained a simple semi-literate sailor and would not have written his outstanding works.

Let's look at another example. V. Kaverin’s novel “Two Captains” describes how the main character Sanya devoted himself to searching for the missing expedition of Captain Tatarinov. He managed to prove that it was Ivan Lvovich who had the honor of opening Northland. What prompted Sanya to pursue her goal for many years? Cold mind? Not at all. He was motivated by a sense of justice, because for many years it was believed that the captain died through his own fault: he “carelessly handled government property.” In fact, the true culprit was Nikolai Antonovich, because of whom most of equipment turned out to be unusable. He was in love with the wife of Captain Tatarinov and deliberately doomed him to death. Sanya accidentally found out about this and most of all wanted justice to prevail. It was the sense of justice and love of truth that prompted the hero to tirelessly search and ultimately led to a historical discovery.

To sum up all that has been said, we can conclude: the world is ruled by feelings. To paraphrase famous phrase Turgenev, we can say that only by them does life hold on and move. Feelings encourage our mind to create new things and make discoveries.

(309 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation?” (Chamfort)

Mind and feelings: harmony or confrontation? It seems that there is no clear answer to this question. Of course, it happens that reason and feelings coexist in harmony. Moreover, as long as there is this harmony, we do not ask such questions. It’s like air: while it’s there, we don’t notice it, but if it’s missing... However, there are situations when the mind and feelings come into conflict. Probably every person at least once in his life felt that his “mind and heart were not in harmony.” An internal struggle arises, and it is difficult to imagine what will prevail: the mind or the heart.

So, for example, in A. Aleksin’s story “Meanwhile, somewhere...” we see a confrontation between reason and feelings. The main character Sergei Emelyanov, having accidentally read a letter addressed to his father, learns about the existence of his ex-wife. A woman asks for help. It would seem that Sergei has nothing to do in her house, and his mind tells him to simply return her letter to her and leave. But sympathy for the grief of this woman, once abandoned by her husband and now by her adopted son, forces him to neglect the arguments of reason. Seryozha decides to constantly visit Nina Georgievna, help her in everything, save her from the worst misfortune - loneliness. And when his father invites him to go to the sea on vacation, the hero refuses. Yes, of course, a trip to the sea promises to be exciting. Yes, you can write to Nina Georgievna and convince her that she should go to the camp with the guys, where she will feel good. Yes, you can promise to come see her during the winter holidays. This is all quite reasonable. But a sense of compassion and responsibility takes precedence over these considerations in him. After all, he promised Nina Georgievna to be with her and cannot become her new loss. Sergei is going to return his ticket to the sea. The author shows that the feeling of compassion wins.

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”. The author talks about the fate of Tatyana. In her youth, having fallen in love with Onegin, she, unfortunately, does not find reciprocity. Tatyana carries her love through the years, and finally Onegin is at her feet, he is passionately in love with her. It would seem that this is what she dreamed about. But Tatyana is married, she is aware of her duty as a wife, and cannot tarnish her honor and the honor of her husband. Reason takes precedence over her feelings, and she refuses Onegin. The heroine places moral duty and marital fidelity above love.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to add that reason and feelings lie at the basis of our existence. I would like them to balance each other, to allow us to live in harmony with ourselves and with the world around us.

(388 words)

Direction "Honor and Dishonor"

An example of an essay on the topic: “How do you understand the words “honor” and “dishonor”?

Honor and dishonor... Probably many have thought about what these words mean. Honor is self-esteem, moral principles that a person is ready to defend in any situation, even at the cost of his own life. The basis of dishonor is cowardice, weakness of character, which does not allow one to fight for ideals, forcing one to commit vile acts. Both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

Many writers have addressed the topic of honor and dishonor. Thus, V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov” talks about two partisans who were captured. One of them, Sotnikov, bravely endures torture, but does not tell his enemies anything. Knowing that he will be executed the next morning, he prepares to face death with dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the hero’s thoughts: “Sotnikov easily and simply, as something elementary and completely logical in his situation, now made the last decision: to take everything upon himself. Tomorrow he will tell the investigator that he went on reconnaissance, had a mission, wounded a policeman in a shootout, that he is the commander of the Red Army and an opponent of fascism, let them shoot him. The rest have nothing to do with it.” It is significant that before his death the partisan thinks not about himself, but about saving others. And although his attempt did not lead to success, he fulfilled his duty to the end. The hero faces death courageously, not for a minute does the thought of begging the enemy for mercy or becoming a traitor occur to him. The author wants to convey to us the idea that honor and dignity are above the fear of death.

Sotnikov’s comrade, Rybak, behaves completely differently. The fear of death took over all his feelings. Sitting in the basement, all he can think about is saving his own life. When the police offered him to become one of them, he was not offended or indignant; on the contrary, he “felt keenly and joyfully - he will live! The opportunity to live has appeared - this is the main thing. Everything else will come later.” Of course, he does not want to become a traitor: “He had no intention of giving them partisan secrets, much less joining the police, although he understood that it would obviously not be easy to evade them.” He hopes that “he will turn out and then he will certainly settle accounts with these bastards...”. Inner voice tells Rybak that he has embarked on the path of dishonor. And then Rybak tries to find a compromise with his conscience: “He went to this game to win his life - isn’t this enough for the most, even desperate, game? And there it will be visible, as long as they don’t kill him or torture him during interrogations. If only he could break out of this cage, he wouldn’t allow himself anything bad. Is he an enemy to his own? Faced with a choice, he is not ready to sacrifice his life for the sake of honor.

The writer shows the successive stages moral failure Fisherman. So he agrees to go over to the side of the enemy and at the same time continues to convince himself that “there is no great guilt behind him.” In his opinion, “he had more possibilities and cheated to survive. But he is not a traitor. In any case, I had no intention of becoming a German servant. He kept waiting to seize an opportune moment - maybe now, or maybe a little later, and only they will see him...”

And so Rybak takes part in Sotnikov’s execution. Bykov emphasizes that Rybak is trying to find an excuse even for this terrible act: “What does he have to do with it? Is this him? He just pulled out this stump. And then on the orders of the police.” And only walking in the ranks of policemen, Rybak finally understands: “There was no longer a road to escape from this formation.” V. Bykov emphasizes that the path of dishonor that Rybak chose is a path to nowhere.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that, when faced with a difficult choice, we will not forget about highest values: honor, duty, courage.

(610 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed?”

In what situations are the concepts of honor and dishonor revealed? Reflecting on this question, one cannot help but come to the conclusion: both of these concepts are revealed, as a rule, in a situation of moral choice.

So, in war time a soldier may face death. He can accept death with dignity, remaining faithful to duty and without tainting military honor. At the same time, he can try to save his life by taking the path of betrayal.

Let us turn to V. Bykov’s story “Sotnikov”. We see two partisans captured by the police. One of them, Sotnikov, behaves courageously, withstands cruel torture, but does not tell the enemy anything. He retains his self-esteem and before execution, he accepts death with honor. His comrade, Rybak, is trying to escape at all costs. He despised the honor and duty of the defender of the Fatherland and went over to the side of the enemy, became a policeman and even participated in the execution of Sotnikov, personally knocking out the stand from under his feet. We see that it is in the face of mortal danger that the true qualities of people emerge. Honor here is fidelity to duty, and dishonor is synonymous with cowardice and betrayal.

The concepts of honor and dishonor are revealed not only during war. The need to pass a test of moral strength can arise for anyone, even a child. To preserve honor means to try to protect your dignity and pride; to experience dishonor means to endure humiliation and bullying, afraid to fight back.

V. Aksyonov talks about this in his story “Breakfasts in 1943.” The narrator regularly became a victim of stronger classmates, who regularly took away not only his breakfasts, but also any other things they liked: “He took it away from me. He selected everything - everything that was of interest to Him. And not only for me, but for the whole class.” The hero not only felt sorry for what was lost, the constant humiliation and awareness of his own weakness were unbearable. He decided to stand up for himself and resist. And although physically he could not defeat three over-aged hooligans, moral victory was on his side. An attempt to defend not only my breakfast, but also my honor, to overcome my fear became important milestone in his growing up and personality development. The writer brings us to the conclusion: we must be able to defend our honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that in any situation we will remember honor and dignity, will be able to overcome mental weakness, and will not allow ourselves to fall morally.

(363 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “What does it mean to walk the path of honor?”

What does it mean to walk the path of honor? Let's turn to explanatory dictionary: “Honor - worthy of respect and pride moral qualities person." Walking the path of honor means defending your moral principles, no matter what. Right way may involve the risk of losing something important: work, health, life itself. Following the path of honor, we must overcome fear of other people and difficult circumstances, and sometimes sacrifice a lot in order to defend our honor.

Let's turn to the story by M.A. Sholokhov "The Fate of Man". The main character, Andrei Sokolov, was captured. For carelessly spoken words they were going to shoot him. He could beg for mercy, humiliate himself before his enemies. Perhaps a weak-willed person would have done just that. But the hero is ready to defend the soldier’s honor in the face of death. When commandant Müller offers to drink to the victory of German weapons, he refuses and agrees to drink only to his own death as a release from torment. Sokolov behaves confidently and calmly, refusing a snack, despite the fact that he was hungry. He explains his behavior this way: “I wanted to show them, the damned ones, that although I am perishing from hunger, I am not going to choke on their handouts, that I have my own, Russian dignity and pride, and that they did not turn me into a beast, like no matter how hard they tried." Sokolov’s act aroused respect for him even among his enemy. The German commandant admitted moral victory Soviet soldier and saved his life. The author wants to convey to the reader the idea that even in the face of death one must maintain honor and dignity.

Not only soldiers during war must follow the path of honor. Each of us must be ready to defend our dignity in difficult situations. Almost every class has its own tyrant - a student who keeps everyone else in fear. Physically strong and cruel, he takes pleasure in tormenting the weak. What should someone who constantly faces humiliation do? Tolerate dishonor or stand up for your own dignity? The answer to these questions is given by A. Likhanov in the story “Clean Pebbles”. The writer talks about Mikhaska, a student primary school. He more than once became a victim of Savvatey and his cronies. The bully was on duty every morning at the elementary school and robbed the children, taking away everything he liked. Moreover, he did not miss an opportunity to humiliate his victim: “Sometimes he would grab a textbook or notebook from his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself so that, after walking away a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” Savvatey specifically “was on duty at this particular school, because in primary school they study up to fourth grade and the guys are all small.” Mikhaska has more than once experienced what humiliation means: once Savvatey took away from him an album with stamps, which belonged to Mikhaska’s father and therefore was especially dear to him, another time a hooligan set it on fire new jacket. True to his principle of humiliating the victim, Savvatey ran his “dirty, sweaty paw” over his face. The author shows that Mikhaska could not stand the bullying and decided to fight back against a strong and ruthless enemy, before whom the whole school, even the adults, were in awe. The hero grabbed a stone and was ready to hit Savvateya, but unexpectedly he retreated. I retreated because I felt inner strength Mikhaski, his readiness to defend his own to the end human dignity. The writer focuses our attention on the fact that it was the determination to defend his honor that helped Mikhaska win a moral victory.

Walking the path of honor means standing up for others. Thus, Pyotr Grinev in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “ Captain's daughter“Fought a duel with Shvabrin, defending the honor of Masha Mironova. Shvabrin, having been rejected, in a conversation with Grinev allowed himself to insult the girl with vile hints. Grinev could not stand this. As a decent man, he went out to fight and was ready to die, but to defend the girl’s honor.

Summing up what has been said, I would like to express the hope that every person will have the courage to choose the path of honor.

(582 words)

Example of an essay on the topic: "Honor more valuable than life"

In life, situations often arise when we are faced with a choice: to act in accordance with moral rules or to make a deal with our conscience, to sacrifice moral principles. It would seem that everyone would have to choose the right path, the path of honor. But it's often not that simple. Especially if the price the right decision- life. Are we ready to die in the name of honor and duty?

Let us turn to the novel by A.S. Pushkin “The Captain's Daughter”. The author talks about the capture Belogorsk fortress Pugachev. The officers had to either swear allegiance to Pugachev, recognizing him as sovereign, or end their lives on the gallows. The author shows what choice his heroes made: Pyotr Grinev, just like the commandant of the fortress and Ivan Ignatievich, showed courage, was ready to die, but not to disgrace the honor of his uniform. He found the courage to tell Pugachev to his face that he could not recognize him as sovereign and refused to change his military oath: “No,” I answered firmly. - I am a natural nobleman; I swore allegiance to the Empress: I cannot serve you.” With all directness, Grinev told Pugachev that he might begin to fight against him, fulfilling his officer’s duty: “You yourself know, it’s not my will: if they tell me to go against you, I’ll go, there’s nothing to do. You are now the boss yourself; you yourself demand obedience from your own. What will it be like if I refuse to serve when my service is needed? The hero understands that his honesty may cost him his life, but the feeling of longevity and honor prevails in him over fear. The hero's sincerity and courage impressed Pugachev so much that he saved Grinev's life and released him.

Sometimes a person is ready to defend, not even sparing his own life, not only his honor, but also the honor of loved ones and family. You cannot accept an insult without complaint, even if it is inflicted by a person higher on the social ladder. Dignity and honor are above all.

M.Yu. talks about this. Lermontov in “Song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, the young guardsman and the daring merchant Kalashnikov.” The guardsman of Tsar Ivan the Terrible took a liking to Alena Dmitrievna, the wife of the merchant Kalashnikov. Knowing that she was a married woman, Kiribeevich still allowed himself to solicit her love. An insulted woman asks her husband for intercession: “Don’t give me, your faithful wife, // to evil blasphemers!” The author emphasizes that the merchant does not doubt for a second what decision he should make. Of course, he understands what the confrontation with the Tsar’s favorite threatens him with, but the honest name of the family is more valuable than even life itself: And such an insult cannot be tolerated by the soul
Yes, the brave heart cannot bear it.
There's going to be a fist fight tomorrow
On the Moscow River under the Tsar himself,
And then I will go out to the guardsman,
I will fight to the death, to the last strength...
And indeed, Kalashnikov comes out to fight against Kiribeevich. For him, this is not a fight for fun, it is a fight for honor and dignity, a battle for life and death:
Don't joke, don't make people laugh
I, son of Basurman, came to you, -
I went out for a terrible battle, for the last battle!
He knows that the truth is on his side, and is ready to die for it:
I will stand for the truth to the last!
Lermontov shows that the merchant defeated Kiribeevich, washing away the insult with blood. However, fate is preparing a new test for him: Ivan the Terrible orders Kalashnikov to be executed for killing his pet. The merchant could have justified himself and told the tsar why he killed the guardsman, but he did not do this. After all, this would mean publicly disgracing the good name of your wife. He is ready to go to the chopping block, defending the honor of his family, to accept death with dignity. The writer wants to convey to us the idea that there is nothing more important for a person than his dignity, and it must be protected no matter what.

Summing up what has been said, we can conclude: honor is above everything, even life itself.

(545 words)

An example of an essay on the topic: “To deprive another of the honor means to lose your own”

What is dishonor? On the one hand, it is a lack of dignity, weakness of character, cowardice, and inability to overcome fear of circumstances or people. On the other hand, dishonor is brought upon oneself by the outward appearance strong man, if he allows himself to defame others, or even simply mock the weaker, humiliate the defenseless.

Thus, in A.S. Pushkin’s novel “The Captain’s Daughter,” Shvabrin, having received a refusal from Masha Mironova, in retaliation slanderes her and allows himself offensive hints addressed to her. So, in a conversation with Pyotr Grinev, he claims that you need to win Masha’s favor not with verses, he hints at her availability: “... if you want Masha Mironova to come to you at dusk, then instead of tender poems, give her a pair of earrings. My blood began to boil.
- Why do you have such an opinion about her? - I asked, barely containing my indignation.
“And because,” he answered with a hellish grin, “I know her character and customs from experience.”
Shvabrin, without hesitation, is ready to tarnish the girl’s honor just because she did not reciprocate his feelings. The writer leads us to the idea that a person who acts vilely cannot be proud of his unblemished honor.

Another example is A. Likhanov’s story “Clean Pebbles”. A character named Savvatey keeps the entire school in fear. He takes pleasure in humiliating those who are weaker. The bully regularly robs students and mocks them: “Sometimes he would snatch a textbook or notebook from his bag instead of a bun and throw it into a snowdrift or take it for himself so that, after walking away a few steps, he would throw it under his feet and wipe his felt boots on them.” His favorite technique was to run a “dirty, sweaty paw” across the victim’s face. He constantly humiliates even his “sixes”: “Savvatey looked at the guy angrily, took him by the nose and pulled him down hard,” he “stood next to Sashka, leaning on his head.” By encroaching on the honor and dignity of other people, he himself becomes the personification of dishonor.

Summarizing what has been said, we can conclude: a person who humiliates the dignity or discredits the good name of other people deprives himself of honor and condemns himself to contempt from others.

(313 words)

arguments for an essay

Final essays on the topic “Reason and Feelings” on our website:

- Do you agree with M. Prishvin’s statement: “There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of feelings”?

- Do you agree with Ferdowsi’s statement “Let your mind guide your affairs. He will not allow your soul to be harmed”?

_____________________________________________________________________________________________

Dedicated to the problem of reason and feeling great amount literary works.
the main characters belong to two warring clans - the Montagues and the Capulets. Everything is against the feelings of young people, and the voice of reason advises everyone not to give in to the outbreak of love. But emotions turn out to be stronger, and even in death Romeo and Juliet did not want to part.
feelings main character take over her mind. Having fallen in love with the young nobleman Erast and trusting him, Lisa forgets about her maiden honor. Karamzin writes about this fact with bitterness and reproaches the heroine, although he feels sorry for the kind, sincere girl with all his heart. But Karamzin also accuses Erast of recklessness; he directly says that reason (especially in a man!) should guide emotions. So, in response to the young man’s thoughts that he will not use the girl’s trust for evil and will always remain only her brother, the author exclaims:

And indeed, the girl’s feelings were deceived: Erast, having lost at cards, in order to somehow correct his financial situation, marries a rich widow, and Lisa commits suicide by drowning herself in the lake.
The main character's mind and feelings are in tragic discord

His heart burns with love for Sofya Famusova, it is for her sake that he returns to Moscow, but does not find reciprocal feelings in the girl. When the hero finds out that Sophia’s chosen one is Molchalin, her father’s secretary, he is unable to believe it.

exclaims Chatsky. The hero sees perfectly what Molchalin really is, sees what his true goals are. And this is promotion career ladder And material well-being. For the sake of this, Molchalin does not shun hypocrisy, nor servility to his superiors, nor meanness. It is precisely this kind of meanness on his part that courtship of the boss’s daughter becomes. Chatsky’s mind refuses to believe in Sophia’s love for Molchalin, because he remembers her as a teenager, when love broke out between them, he thinks that over the years Sophia could not change. But the reality turned out to be harsher than the dream. And so Chatsky, with all his intelligence, having a good understanding of people, realizing that Famusov and his guests will not understand and will not share either his ideas, opinions, or actions, does not hold back and speaks out in front of them, so to speak, “throwing pearls in front of them.” pigs." The hero's mind cannot contain the emotions overwhelming him. Chatsky’s whole behavior is so strange.” Famusov society”, that it accepts with relief the news of the hero’s madness.
we also observe a clash between reason and feeling. Pyotr Grinev, having learned that his beloved Masha Mironova is being forcibly held by Shvabrin, who wants to force the girl to marry him, contrary to the voice of reason, turns to Pugachev for help. The hero knows that this could threaten him with death, because communication with a state criminal was severely punished, but he does not give up on his plans and ultimately saves own life and honor and receives Masha as his lawful wife.
In another work

The theme of reason and feeling is also given an important place. After seven years of separation, Evgeny, seeing the transformed Tatiana, falls in love with her. And although the hero knows that she is married, he cannot help himself. Onegin realizes that many years ago he could not fully discern in young Tanya all the strength of her character and inner beauty. Now, feelings of love for the heroine obscure all reasonable evidence in Evgeny, he longs for mutual confessions. But in Tatyana there is a voice of reason, speaking about duty and honor married woman, takes precedence over emotions. Unlike Onegin, she finds the strength to resist the surging feelings and admits:

He is also repeatedly tested on his mind and feelings. But his mind always turns out to be higher than his emotions. So, we see how the hero struggled with sympathy for Princess Mary and admitted to himself that in another minute he was ready to fall at her feet and ask to become his wife. But... Pechorin does not give in to impulse, he knows that he is not meant for family life and doesn’t want to make the girl unhappy. We see the same struggle when Pechorin, having read Vera’s farewell letter, rushes in pursuit of her. But even here, the cold mind cools the hero’s ardor, and, no matter how painful it may be for him, he abandons the thought of reuniting with Vera.
Taras's youngest son, Andriy, having fallen in love with a Polish lady, betrays the Cossacks and goes to fight against them. He says to his beloved:

Andriy’s mind did not resist his feelings for long: all his thoughts about honor, about duty, about his family were burned by the fire of love, he even dies with the name of his beloved.
From another hero

Reason always takes precedence over emotions. Even having met a mysterious young stranger at the station (and here Gogol mentions a twenty-year-old youth who would forget everything in the world at the sight of such a young and charming creature), Chichikov does not give in to romantic thoughts. On the contrary, his reasoning is of a completely practical nature (as Gogol says about him, he is a man of a cautious and cool character): the hero thinks about who the girl’s father might be and what his income is, and that if he gives a dowry of two thousand thousand for the girl, then from it It will be a very tasty morsel.
feelings often take precedence over reason. She is natural, sincere, does not do anything on purpose, trying to find her own benefit in this or that matter. Yes, she is a “heroine of the heart,” but that’s exactly what Tolstoy thinks she should be real woman, this is precisely why he loves her, and after him, so do we. In this she is the opposite of her mother, and Sonya, and the little princess, and Helen Kuragina. We forgive her for betraying Andrei Bolkonsky, turned by the advances of Anatoly Kuragin. After all, we see how sincerely she later repents, realizing that it was an impulse, a momentary infatuation. But it is this incident that changes Natasha, makes her think about eternal values. Another time, the heroine, without hesitation, forces her mother to give the wounded soldiers the carts on which things were to be removed from their home in Moscow, which was awaiting Napoleon's invasion. In this “unreasonableness” of the heroine lies, according to Tolstoy, main meaning her being – kind, compassionate, loving.
Dmitry Gurov, a middle-aged, married man, while vacationing in Yalta, meets a young woman, Anna Sergeevna, with whom he unexpectedly falls in love. Falls in love for the first time in his life! He is discouraged by this, but this feeling changes the hero. He suddenly begins to notice how shallow and shallow the life around him is, how petty and selfish people are. Gurov’s external life (family, work at a bank, dinners with friends in restaurants, playing cards in a club) turns out to be unreal, and real life- these are secret meetings with Anna Sergeevna in a hotel, their love. It is very difficult to reconcile these two lives, but the heroes are not yet able to find a reasonable solution to the problem, although it seems to them that it is about to come and a new, wonderful time will begin.
The heart of the main character

also at odds with his mind. He loves two women - his legal wife Tonya and Larisa Antipova. Loves in different ways, but equally strongly. He experiences his condition as a huge tragedy: torn between two families, the hero cannot find a solution until fate itself divorces him from his wife Tonya.

Sample essay abstracts

Mind and feelings. These words will become the main motive one of the topics on graduation essay in 2017.

You can select two directions, which should be discussed on this topic.

1. The struggle of reason and feelings in a person, requiring mandatory choice: act in accordance with surging emotions, or still not lose your head, weigh your actions, be aware of their consequences both for yourself and for others.

2. Reason and feelings can be allies , blend harmoniously in a person, making him strong, self-confident, able to react emotionally to everything that happens around him.

Reflections on the topic: “Reason and Feelings”

• It is human nature to choose: to act wisely, thinking through each step, weighing your words, planning actions, or to obey your feelings. These feelings can be very different: from love to hatred, from anger to kindness, from rejection to recognition. Feelings are very strong in a person. They can easily take possession of his soul and consciousness.
• What choice to make in a given situation: to submit to feelings, which are often selfish, or to listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid internal conflict between these two “elements”? Everyone must answer these questions for themselves. And a person also makes a choice independently, a choice on which sometimes not only the future, but also life itself can depend.
• Yes, reason and feelings often oppose each other. Whether a person can bring them into harmony, make sure that the mind is supported by feelings and vice versa - it depends on the will of the person, on the degree of responsibility, on those moral guidelines which he follows.
• Nature has rewarded people with the greatest wealth - intelligence, and given them the opportunity to experience feelings. Now they themselves must learn to live, aware of all their actions, but at the same time remaining sensitive, able to feel joy, love, kindness, attention, and not succumb to anger, hostility, envy and other negative feelings.
• One more thing is important: a person who lives only by feelings is essentially unfree. He subordinated himself entirely to them, to these emotions and feelings, whatever they may be: love, envy, anger, greed, fear and others. He is weak and even easily controlled by others, by those who want to take advantage of this human dependence on feelings for their own selfish and selfish purposes. Therefore, feelings and reason must exist in harmony, so that feelings help a person to see the whole gamut of shades in everything, and the mind helps to react correctly, adequately to this, and not drown in the abyss of feelings.
• Learning to live in harmony between your feelings and your mind is very important. Is capable of this strong personality living according to the laws of morality and ethics. And you don’t need to listen to the opinion of some people that the world of the mind is boring, monotonous, uninteresting, and the world of feelings is comprehensive, beautiful, bright. Harmony of mind and feelings will give a person immeasurably more in understanding the world, in self-awareness, in the perception of life in general.

There are many such books to name, but when literature shows the consequences of this victory, they are most often destructive, and in some cases laughable. The theme of reason in literature was largely inspired by the Age of Enlightenment, but not only did it not linger, but caused a sharp reaction and general disappointment in rationalism in particular and in reason as such. Let's give examples.

"Crime and Punishment“- the mind suggests that it is rational to kill the old woman, and it wins, and we see what came of it.

"Frankenstein" - the mind tells you what to try to sew ideal person from pieces of corpses rationally. It didn't turn out very well either. A hundred years later, Wells would raise the same topic in " The Island of Doctor Moreau", and with approximately the same consequences.

"Catch 22" - almost all the absurdist nonsense of the entire book is created solely on the basis of the victory of formal logic over all human instincts.

In our Leo Nikolaevich Tolstoy's " War and Peace"- his mind tells Prince Andrei to wait a year for the wedding, although he has a clear feeling that this is not necessary. Well, here it is.

"House with mezzanine"Chekhov can be interpreted as a contrast between the mind of the cruel Lida and the feelings of the narrator and Misyus. Reason wins and destroys the relationships of the latter. In general, Chekhov, of course, mocks sensual natures a lot, but in the end he always justifies them, but he never justifies the rational ones.

The victory of rationalism is partly parodied in " Faust"Goethe, when Faust hears the sound of shovels, and thinks that they are building a dam that will bring great benefit to people - although in fact it is the lemurs who are digging his grave.

Huge volumes were devoted to the glorification of the mind in the poetry of the 18th century, which en masse rolled back to the glorification of the feelings, and never really came back.

And so on. Rare examples of a positive assessment of the mind due to their now obvious naivety - almost all over time flowed into the section of children's literature, although initially they were taken quite seriously.

The main crown of literature of rationalism was at one time " Robinson Crusoe"To appreciate the degree of absurdity of what is happening in the book, it is really worth re-reading it as an adult: Robinson is actively trying to turn a desert island into an English country club, sending all the animals to enclosures, doing everything according to a calendar and schedule, and even training the island parrot English language. It is not surprising that the novel served as a torch for colonial enlightenment for a long time. What this all led to - we, again, can see. Only not in a book, but completely in life.

The plot looks just as naive now" Coral Island", in which a bunch of English schoolchildren thrown onto an island organize a typical English colony there. The reaction to this novel was the well-known " Lord of the Flies", where they end up wandering naked through the jungle, and the main rationalist, Piggy, is stoned to death.

And of course, here we cannot help but recall Ayn Rand, whose reason justifies such things as rape (“ Atlas Shrugged") and undermining a residential complex ready for occupancy (" The Fountainhead"). But, as Rand tries to convince us, he is right everywhere and all around.

These are the apologists.

This is why all this happens. Feelings are good at making mistakes, but reason is very wrong. Feelings are hermetic and consistent, they simply exist, and they are inevitable - but the mind is arrogant and resourceful, it tries to live according to the scheme, but it is physically impossible to live according to the schemes. Therefore, even when the heroes of 19th century literature, in a fit of emotion, do some monstrous crap, no matter how tragic the consequences of these actions are, we still internally feel that they are right. Well, what if they actually shook themselves off, thought it over carefully, and decided not to throw themselves under the train? No, that's just how it is. This turns out to be so not so that we act exactly this way, and not so that we listen to the voice of reason - for those who try, everything turns out to be even worse - but in order to educate in the reader a different set of feelings, perhaps more empathetic, capable of resolving the situation in some other way.

Many fundamental questions that arise again and again in every generation among the majority of thinking people do not and cannot have a concrete answer, and all reasoning and debate on this matter is nothing more than empty polemics. What is a sense of life? What is more important: to love or to be loved? What are feelings, God and man on the scale of the universe? Reasoning of this kind also includes the question of in whose hands is the supremacy over the world - in the cold fingers of reason or in the strong and passionate embrace of feelings?

It seems to me that in our world everything is a priori organic, and the mind can have some meaning only in conjunction with feelings - and vice versa. A world in which everything is subject only to reason is utopian, and the complete dominance of human feelings and passions leads to excessive eccentricity, impulsiveness and tragedies, which are described in romantic works. However, if we approach the question posed directly, omitting all sorts of “buts,” then we can come to the conclusion that, of course, in the world of people, vulnerable beings who need support and emotions, it is feelings that take on a managerial role. It is on love, on friendship, on spiritual connection that a person’s true happiness is built, even if he himself actively denies it.

Russian literature presents many contradictory personalities who unsuccessfully deny the need for feelings and emotions in their lives and proclaim reason as the only correct category existence. This, for example, is the hero of the novel M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". Pechorin made his choice towards a cynical and cold attitude towards people as a child, when faced with misunderstanding and rejection from the people around him. It was after his feelings were rejected that the hero decided that the “salvation” from such emotional experiences would be the complete denial of love, tenderness, care and friendship. Grigory Aleksandrovich chose the only right way out, a defensive reaction mental development: he read books, talked with interesting people, analyzed society and “played” with people’s feelings, thereby compensating for his own lack of emotions, but this still did not help him replace simple human happiness. In pursuit of mental activity the hero completely forgot how to be friends, and the moment when sparks of a warm and tender feeling of love still lit up in his heart, he forcibly suppressed them, forbidding himself to be happy, tried to replace it with travel and beautiful scenery, but eventually lost all desire and desire to live. It turns out that without feelings and emotions, any activity of Pechorin was reflected in his fate in black and white colors and did not bring him any satisfaction.

The hero of the novel I.S. found himself in a similar situation. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". The difference between Bazarov and Pechorin is that he defended his position in relation to feelings, creativity, faith in a dispute, formed his own philosophy, built on denial and destruction, and even had a follower. Evgeniy worked hard and with some results scientific activity and all yours free time dedicated himself to self-development, but the fanatical desire to destroy everything that is not subject to reason turned against him. The entire nihilistic theory of the hero was shattered by his unexpected feelings for a woman, and this love not only cast a shadow of doubt and confusion on all of Eugene’s activities, but also greatly shook his worldview position. It turns out that any, even the most desperate attempts to destroy feelings and emotions in oneself are nothing compared to the seemingly insignificant, but such a strong feeling of love. Probably, the resistance of reason and feelings has always been and will be in our lives - this is the essence of man, a creature that is “amazingly vain, truly incomprehensible and eternally wavering.” But it seems to me that all the beauty lies in this totality, in this confrontation, in this uncertainty. human life, all her excitement and interest.