Salute of military honor.

Salutation of military honor

a form of military greeting and the provision of military honors. In the Soviet Armed Forces, according to the Charter of the Internal Service, all servicemen are obliged to salute each other; subordinates and juniors in rank salute first ( rice. ).

Honor is given by individual military personnel, as well as military units and subunits (on command) to the Mausoleum of V.I. flag, funeral processions accompanied by troops. Military units and subunits, when in service, salute on command: the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the Ministry of Defense of the USSR, the Marshals of the Soviet Union and the Admirals of the Fleet of the Soviet Union, the Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and the Chairman of the Soviet Ministry of the Union Republic, on the territory (in the waters) of which this unit is located, to the Chief Marshals, generals of the army, marshals of the armed forces and special forces, admirals of the fleet, colonel generals, admirals and all direct superiors, as well as persons appointed to lead the inspection review of the unit (unit). O.'s rules hours are determined by the Combat Charter of the Armed Forces of the USSR, and in the Navy, in addition, by the Ship Charter of the Navy of the USSR.

Great Soviet Encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia. 1969-1978 .

See what "Salute of military honor" is in other dictionaries:

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Salutation of military honor- military greeting, showing respect and military honor (see. Military ritual). In the USSR Armed Forces, all military personnel are required to salute military honor, while subordinates and juniors in rank salute first. Rules and order O. in. h… … Dictionary of military terms

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All salute- a collage meme with photographs and drawings of different characters who put their hand to their temples, as if saluting. The most common four-panel version is with a cat, Big Boss from Metal Gear, streamer Ozone and blogger Maddison in a coat and with a cigarette. As a rule, a meme means the respect of the Internet community for a person or phenomenon.

Origin

The history of the meme, where everyone salutes, began with a photograph of a cat with its hind paw attached to its head. She first appeared on Peekaboo on January 12, 2018.

Later, the collage began to be multiplied and other characters and people saluting were added.

Meaning

A meme in which everyone salutes means the respect of the Internet community for a person, phenomenon or event. For the collage, characters are specially selected who in one way or another personify Internet users: streamers, bloggers, heroes of anime and computer games. Finally, Colonel Kus, who introduces the seals.

The saluting meme can mean respect in a broader sense. It is also used as a symbol of farewell to the dead or people you will never meet again.

Gallery

Salute of military honor. The history of the origin of the ritual

A well-known military theorist, General M.I. Dragomirov said: “Salting honor in military terms is not a toy and not an amusement of someone’s piety, but an outward expression of the fact that people belong to a great partnership, the purpose of which is to lay down one’s life for one’s friend.”

The ritual has a long history. There is a literary version of the origin of this ritual:

Since in 1588 the pirate Drake, meeting on board the ship the English Queen Elizabeth (known for her lack of beauty), pretended to be blinded by her beauty, and therefore forced to shield her eyes with her palm, the military salute has become a tradition ever since.

There are other versions. Warriors at a meeting raised a hand not holding a weapon as a sign of greeting.

Later, when meeting, the knights raised the visor of their helmet as a sign of acquaintance and greeting. Thus, the movement of the open right hand to the headgear during greeting became later a ritual of saluting military honor.

The rules of servility between military ranks were improved under each emperor and were established by the middle of the 18th century.

All officers and all the lower ranks, without exception, were supposed to greet each other when they met, putting their right hand to the visor.

They saluted generals, members of the imperial family, officers of their regiment, banners, standards. Soldiers saluted the military funeral processions, standing in front. Monuments were also honored.

In the imperial period, a military greeting was called saluting, as it included not only raising a hand to a headdress, but also various bows, curtsies and other elements, depending on the rank of the one met or entered the room. Depending on the place of execution (outdoors or indoors), the execution of the greeting also differed.

Salutation of military honor by a soldier (Cossack):

If a soldier meets a commander who is supposed to salute, then four steps before the commander, he must put his right hand on the right side of the lower edge of the cap or cap so that the fingers are together, the palm is slightly turned outward, and the elbow is at shoulder height; while looking at the boss and following him with your eyes. When the boss passes him a step, then lower his hand;

When meeting with the chief, who is supposed to salute, standing in front, he, not reaching four steps to the chief, takes the last step and another full step with his foot, during the removal of which you should turn your shoulders and body in the front and then, simultaneously with placing your foot, raise right hand to the headdress, turning his head to the side of the chief. When saluting, one should stand according to the rules of the "rack". When the boss passes him a step, he turns in the direction he was going and starts moving with his left foot, lowering his right hand with the first step.

The lower ranks saluted, standing in front:

To the Sovereign Emperor, the Sovereign Empress and all Persons of the Imperial Family, all generals, admirals, the head of the garrison, his regimental, squadron and hundred commanders, his staff officers, as well as banners and standards.

Without standing in front, but putting only a hand to the headdress, they salute:

All staff chief officers, military doctors, class officials of their regiment, reserve and retired generals, headquarters and chief officers (when they are in uniform); sub-ensigns, standard junkers and sub-corpsmen; palace grenadiers; to all sergeants, sergeants and those commanding lower ranks to whom they are subordinate. And the privates, in addition, to all non-commissioned officers, non-combatants of their senior rank, as well as to all privates with the Badge of Distinction of the military order.

If the lower rank leads the horse in the rein, then to salute the horse, he goes to the other side of the horse, which is closer to the boss and takes both reins in the hand closest to the horse; and in the other hand he takes the ends of the reins and turns his head to the boss.

In the Guards Regiment, all officers had to say “YOU” to each other, regardless of the difference in ranks and years. All officers of the Guards Cavalry traditionally greeted each other and, in addition, shook hands when they met, regardless of whether they knew each other or not.

Honor from that time should have been given to the officers of foreign armies.

The army has its own laws, which can be both well-known and hidden from the uninitiated. The need to salute arises during the greeting of military personnel. This is one of the so-called "military rituals", which is part of the etiquette of the military. Currently, the military salute is present in the armies of most countries of the world. However, the order in which it is executed may be slightly different.

When this phrase is used, it implies the recognition of the merits of the military and showing respect for him. This is a peculiar form of greeting that is used by soldiers.

At all times, the first to salute the junior in rank and age was the military, thereby recognizing the high achievements of another soldier. To date, the honor can be given to:

1. To one person.
2. A group of people.
3. An item of special importance. We can talk about a monument to fallen heroes, a banner, etc.

Both the military salute itself and the order in which it is performed can vary significantly in different armed forces. The reason for this is the differences in the development of military affairs, the socio-political system, education, science and cultural traditions, etc. However, whatever such a gesture, it always indicates respect and recognition of the merits of the oncoming person.

There are two variants of the military salute:

1. The soldier performs it on his own, being next to a military officer of the highest rank.
2. Honor is given on command. At the same time, greetings are often carried out by all personnel of a certain formation. It can be either a military unit or subdivision, or a ship.

Previously, the military salute was called a salute or salute. Also in the literature you can find such a term as "trump".

Rules

Since there is a concept of military etiquette, there are certain rules that must be followed when observing it. Similar rules apply to all military personnel, regardless of rank. They are determined by the provisions of the charters and the principles of the military oath.

There are also concepts of general etiquette. For example, in the old days, a man, being a protector and support for his woman, had to go to her left. This was explained by the fact that he carried a weapon on his side, and if necessary, to draw it out, he should not have hurt her.

However, due to the need to salute, this rule of etiquette is a thing of the past. Today, military men in uniform walk to the right of the woman. In this case, the military will not touch her with his elbow during the greeting. In addition, if a soldier walks arm in arm with a companion, he also needs to be to her right so that his right hand remains free to salute.

Differences in greeting

Many people who are not familiar with the nuances of army etiquette are interested in which hand salute? In all countries, honor is given with the right hand. This tradition does not depend on the culture of each particular country and is international. Violation of this rule is possible only through inexperience or oversight.

The difference in military salute may concern only the presence or absence of a headdress. Some believe that such a gesture arose as a simplification of the procedure for removing the headgear. At the moment, there are several hypotheses for the origin of the army salute:

1. The ritual originated in the UK. Here the military, having junior ranks, greeted the elders, taking off their hats. So it has been since the dawn of time. However, during the period from the 18th to the 19th century, the headdresses of soldiers became quite bulky in order to constantly remove them. Therefore, the greeting procedure was reduced to a simple touch of the visor.
2. Another hypothesis says that the tradition of saluting originated in the United States. The first records regarding this military ritual date back to the second half of the 19th century. The emergence of army traditions occurred as a result of the end of the Civil War of the North and South. The army that won this war consisted of volunteers who did not have any combat skills. They wore ordinary clothes and often did not have headdresses. Therefore, honor was given by putting the hand to the head.
3. romantic hypothesis. It is believed that initially the army greeting arose as a gesture of a knight covering his eyes at the sight of a lady of the heart. There is no connection to the headgear in this case.

Thus, today it is impossible to state with certainty which version of the military greeting is initially correct. However, in most countries, the hand is applied to the cap, and greeting without a headdress is equated with a violation of the charter.

Military salute in different countries

Regardless of the features of the military greeting adopted by the army of a particular country, there are certain general rules. When planning to salute, a soldier does not have the right to lower his eyes or tilt his head.

When greeting another military man, you should look into his eyes, which indicates mutual respect, regardless of ranks and ranks. As mentioned above, salute should be done exclusively with the right hand.

Differences may be in the gesture of the hand and the rotation of the palm. Consider the most popular types of military greetings:

1. In the UK, the hand is brought to the right eyebrow with the palm facing out.
2. In France, the greeting is done with the palm turned down.
3. In the US Army, soldiers also turn their palm down during a salute. In this case, the arm should be slightly extended forward, as if covering the soldier's eyes from the sun.
4. The Italian army has slightly modified rules. The palm here, when greeting, should be slightly raised above the level of the visor.
5. Greeting in the Polish army should be done only with the index and middle fingers, which are attached to the visor. Similarly, the soldiers of Tsarist Russia saluted until 1856.

Since 1856, in Russia, the honor is given as follows: the entire palm is used, which is turned down. The soldier's hand is positioned so that his middle finger lightly touches the visor of the cap, being directed to the soldier's temple.

It is because of this method of military salutation that such synonyms of military salutation appeared as “to salute”, “to salute” and “to salute”.

In Russia, a military greeting is carried out with the right hand, which is enshrined in the corresponding paragraph of the Charter of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation.

Even those people who are very far from the army and military service and have nothing to do with it are well aware military greeting ritual. Speaking in the language of encyclopedias, a military greeting is a greeting of military personnel or formations of the Armed Forces of different countries, established in accordance with the governing documents.

A military greeting is referred to military rituals, traditions or military etiquette. Previously, a military greeting was also called a salute, saluting, saluting, it can also be denoted by the word "trump". At the same time, there are a sufficient number of hypotheses for the emergence of this army ritual.

According to one version military greeting came to us from the Middle Ages, being a knightly tradition. Meeting with each other, the knights raised the visor of their helmets with a movement of their hands to show that a friend’s face was hidden under it (this version does not take into account the fact that all knights had their coats of arms on shields, clothes, flags, this was enough to the friend was able to identify the friend).

According to another version raising the visor of the helmet, they demonstrated their peaceful intention. This was done with the right hand to show that the knight is not yet ready to start the fight and does not have aggressive intentions. Such a gesture, as it were, said that "there is no weapon in my right hand now."

At the same time, among peoples who were deprived of heavily armed cavalry (Mongols, Indians who inhabited North America), the salute consisted in a simple demonstration of an open right hand. The most romantic version of the appearance of a military greeting is also attributed to the era of chivalry. With this gesture, the knight at the tournament covered his eyes, protecting himself from the dazzling beauty of the beautiful lady of the heart, who was watching his performance.

But, most likely, the military greeting in the form in which it is known to us today appeared in Great Britain. The version that such a greeting originated in the British Isles in the 18th century is documented by military regulations. In those years, in many armies of the world, junior military ranks, greeting seniors in rank, took off their hat or other headgear. This was the case in the UK, but over time, headgear, especially in elite units, became very cumbersome, so that the greeting was reduced to the usual raising of the hand to the headdress and touching the visor.

The greeting known to all of us first took shape in 1745 in the regiment of the Coldstream Guards - the elite unit of the personal guard of the Queen of England. At the same time, the ammunition of the military was constantly changing, and the gesture was slightly transformed.

Over time, even the very touch of the headdress with the hand disappeared. According to one version, the replacement of removing the headgear by simply bringing the hands to them may be associated not only with heavy and bulky headgear, but also with the widespread use of firearms. The first samples of small arms could hardly be called perfect. The hands of the soldiers almost always turned out to be stained with soot, since they needed to set fire to the oppression of muskets, their hands also got dirty when reloading small arms. Thus, dirty hands in soot could cause damage to the headdress when trying to take it off to greet.

Military salute in the UK

At the same time, in a military greeting of any army in the world, they do not lower their eyes and do not bow their heads, which speaks of mutual honor, regardless of ranks, ranks or ranks. There is also no question of which hand salutes in the army. Always right. At the same time, the gesture of the hand and the turn of the palm may differ slightly in different countries of the world.

For example, starting from the 19th century in the British army, the hand raised to the right eyebrow was turned palm outward. Such a greeting has been preserved in the army and the Air Force, at the same time in the Royal Navy since the days of sailing ships, when the sailors' hands were stained with tar and tar, and it was unworthy to show dirty palms, during the military salute the palm was turned down. Exactly the same greeting was adopted in France.

In the American army, the greeting could have been taken from the English navy. At the same time, in the United States, during a military salute, the palm is turned down, and the hand, which is extended slightly forward, as if covers the eyes from the sun. In the army of Italy, the palm is carried over the front of the visor.

For many, it may be a revelation that in the German army during the Second World War, soldiers and officers did not at all "zigging" right and left, as can often be seen in feature films. In parts of the Wehrmacht, throughout almost the entire war, a standard military salute was adopted with the right hand raised to the head, which was spelled out in the charter. The introduction of the party or Nazi greeting in the Wehrmacht took place only on July 24, 1944, immediately after the unsuccessful assassination attempt on Adolf Hitler, which was organized by the officers.

In the Russian Empire, until 1856, the military greeting was performed not with the whole palm, but only with the index and middle fingers. To this day, such a greeting has been preserved in the armed forces of Poland. Starting from 1856, after the end of the Crimean War, in the army of tsarist Russia, and then the Soviet Army and the modern Russian army, a military greeting is given with the whole palm. At the same time, the middle finger looks at the temple, slightly touching the visor of the uniform cap. From here, by the way, synonyms for saluting military honor or military salutation arose - to salute, salute, etc.

At present, the rules of military greeting in the Russian Federation are also obligatory for persons who have already been dismissed from military service, when they wear military uniforms. In the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, a military salute is performed with closed fingers of the right hand, the brush is straightened. Unlike the armies of some other states, with an uncovered head, a military greeting in the Russian army is performed without raising a hand by adopting a military position.

Military salute in Poland

When moving in formation, a military greeting is carried out as follows: the leader puts his hand to the headdress, and the formation presses his hands at the seams. All together they move to the front step and turn their heads as they pass by the commanding officers they meet. When passing towards units or other military personnel, it is enough that the military greeting is performed by the guide.

At the same time, in the Russian army, when meeting, a junior in rank is obliged to first greet a senior in rank, and a senior in rank may perceive the failure to perform a military greeting during a meeting as an insult. In the absence of a headdress on a soldier, the greeting is performed by turning the head and adopting a combat position (the body is straightened, arms at the seams).

But not in all countries, a military greeting to seniors in rank is the duty of a soldier. For example, in modern units of the Israel Defense Forces, the salutation procedure at the sight of a senior in rank is mandatory only during the course of a young fighter. In all other cases, a military salute is not an obligation, but is the right of a soldier. In parallel with this, prisoners of Israeli military prisons (an analogue of the domestic guardhouse) are deprived of this right at all.

Military greeting in Russia

In all countries, the military salute is given exclusively with the right hand.. The question of in which state the honor is saluted with the left hand usually arises when high-ranking government officials, through inexperience or oversight, violate the rules of military salute, which are either an unshakable tradition or enshrined in charters. A serious difference in a military greeting can be called not with which hand they salute, but only the presence or, conversely, the absence of a headdress on a soldier during this military ritual.

The well-known today expression “they don’t lay a hand on an empty head” in Russia is usually remembered in the same context as the tradition of military salute in the United States. In the US Army, the presence of a headdress on a soldier when bringing his hand to his head is not mandatory. Historians justify this difference as follows. During the civil war of the North and South (1861-1865), the northerners won. History, as you know, is written by the winners, who form certain traditions. Unlike the Confederate army, the Union army that won the war was made up primarily of volunteers. Many of these volunteers, especially in the early stages of the war, were dressed in civilian clothes. From this we can conclude that the rank and file of the army of the northerners sometimes did not have hats at all - hence the tradition of military greeting, regardless of whether the soldier is wearing a hat or not.

US military salute

At the same time, the military greeting, which looks organically in peacetime, fades into the background or even further during hostilities. In many conflicts of the 20th century, statutory conventions and military subordination posed a danger to the lives of senior officers. In popular culture, this is well reflected in the American films Saving Private Ryan and Forrest Gump, in which there are episodes when soldiers are reprimanded by more experienced comrades for giving a military salute to their commanders. During combat operations, this helps enemy shooters and snipers to identify a priority target for themselves.