An open lesson in literature on the topic: "The feat of life of A.S. Griboyedov"

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich (1795 - 1829), playwright, poet.

Born on January 4 (15 n.s.) in Moscow in the family of an officer of the Russian guard, a nobleman. Got versatile home education. Seven years given to the Moscow University boarding school. Eleven years old, Griboyedov is a student at Moscow University. After graduating from the verbal department of the Faculty of Philosophy, he entered the law department and received. the second diploma - a candidate of rights. In 1810 he studied at the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, which was unusual for the youth of the nobility. From childhood he knew French, English, German and Italian, during his studies at the university he studied Greek and Latin, later - Persian, Arabic and Turkish. He was also musically gifted: he played the piano, flute, he composed music himself.

AT student years communicated with future Decembrists: brothers Muravyov, Yakushkin. Subsequently, he was close to P. Chaadaev. Griboyedov's poetic abilities are also manifested at the university.

The outbreak of the war with Napoleon changes Griboyedov's plans: he volunteers for the army as a cornet (junior officer rank in the Russian cavalry) in hussars. He did not have to participate in hostilities. After the end of the war, he retires, settles in St. Petersburg, enters the service of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs, where Pushkin, Kuchelbecker and many Decembrists serve at that time, and gets to know them. In addition, he is a member of a circle of people involved in the theater, collaborates in magazines, and writes plays.

In 1818 he was sent as secretary of the Russian mission to Persia, where he spent over two years, traveling a lot around the country and keeping travel notes and a diary. Upon his return from Persia in November 1821, he served as a diplomatic secretary under the commander of the Russian troops in the Caucasus, General A. Yermolov, who was surrounded by many members of the Decembrist societies.

Lives in Tiflis, works on the first two acts of Woe from Wit. However, this work requires more solitude, greater freedom from service, and therefore asks Yermolov for a long vacation. Having received a vacation, he spends it first in the Tula province, then in Moscow and St. Petersburg.

In the estate of his friend Begichev, he writes the last two acts of comedy, in Moscow he continues to finish Woe from Wit, in St. Petersburg in 1824 the work was completed.

All attempts to print the comedy were unsuccessful, and staging it in the theater turned out to be impossible. The reactionary camp received the comedy with hostility. The language of "Woe from Wit" was called harsh and incorrect. The Decembrists enthusiastically greeted the comedy, seeing in it an artistic generalization of their ideas and feelings.

At the end of September 1825, Griboyedov again arrived in the Caucasus, and at the end of January 1826 he was arrested in the case of the Decembrists by a courier specially sent from St. Petersburg. Yermolov warned him of the imminent arrest, and the writer managed to destroy the papers that were dangerous to him. During the investigation, Griboedov maintained a complete denial of his participation in the conspiracy. The tsarist commission of inquiry failed to prove anything, and he was released.

After returning to the Caucasus in 1826 Griboyedov acted as a diplomat. In 1827 he was ordered to be in charge of diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia. In 1828 he took part in the preparation of the Turkmenchay peace treaty concluded with Persia. He then receives an appointment as minister plenipotentiary to Persia, considering this appointment as a "political exile".

In August 1828 in Tiflis, Griboedov marries Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his friend, famous poet A. Chavchavadze. Leaving his wife in Tabriz, he left with an embassy for Tehran.

In 1826 - 1828 Griboyedov was the head of the diplomatic office of the chief administrator in Georgia. Griboedov played an important role in the conclusion in 1828 of the Turkmenchay Peace Treaty with Persia, which was advantageous for Russia. He delivered the peace treaty to St. Petersburg and again briefly found himself in the circle of writers and musicians dear to him. While in the rank of Russian resident minister in Persia, Griboyedov was killed by a fanatical mob of Muslims who defeated the Russian mission. Griboyedov's body was identified only by the little finger of his left hand mutilated in a duel. Buried in Tiflis.

Griboyedov is the author of about 30 works: poems, articles, plays, but he entered the history of literature only with the comedy "Woe from Wit" - this, according to the researcher N.K. Piksanov, "a poetic declaration of Decembrism". Despite the noisy success of the comedy in the salons, it was not possible to stage it, and only the 1st and 3rd acts were published with huge censorship exceptions in the theatrical almanac F.V. Bulgarin. This comedy was published in full abroad in 1858, and in Russia in 1862. Being close to many Decembrists, Griboyedov did not accept their idea of ​​a revolutionary upheaval. In 1826 he was arrested and interrogated on charges of belonging to the Decembrist organizations, but found not guilty.

In the history of literature there are "authors of one work." Classic example such a writer - Griboyedov. The talent of this man was truly phenomenal. His knowledge was vast and versatile, he learned many languages, was a good officer, a capable musician, an outstanding diplomat with the makings of a major politician. But for all that, few people would remember him if it were not for the comedy Woe from Wit, which put Griboyedov on a par with the greatest Russian writers.
The stepson of sanity
There are many mysteries and gaps in Griboyedov's biography, especially in childhood and adolescence. Neither his year of birth is reliably known (although the day is precisely known - January 4th), nor the year of admission to the university noble boarding school. The widespread version, according to which Griboedov graduated from three faculties of Moscow University and only because of the war of 1812, did not receive a doctoral degree, is not confirmed by documents. One thing is for sure: in 1806 he entered the Faculty of Literature, and in 1808 he graduated from it. If Griboyedov was indeed born in 1795, as most biographers believe, he was then 13 years old. In the early years of the 21st century, this is rare, but it happened.
More reliable information about the life of Griboedov since 1812. During the invasion of Napoleon, Alexander Sergeevich signed up, like so many Moscow nobles, as an officer in the militia. But he never got to participate in the battles: the regiment stood in the rear. After the war future writer served as adjutant in Belarus.
Griboyedov spent his youth stormily. He called himself and his fellow soldiers, the Begichev brothers, “stepchildren of common sense” - their pranks were so unbridled. There is a known case when Griboyedov somehow sat down at the organ during a service in a Catholic church. At first, he played sacred music for a long time and with inspiration, and then suddenly switched to Russian dance music.
Griboedov also hung out in St. Petersburg, where he moved in 1816 (he spent a year in retirement, and then became an official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs). But he had already begun to seriously engage in literature.
From Belarus, Griboedov brought a comedy (translated from French) "Young Spouses". It was installed in the capital not without success. Then Griboedov participated as a co-author in several more plays. The stage became his real passion. He became friends with the director of the St. Petersburg theater, the playwright Shakhovsky, and especially with the talented poet and theater connoisseur Pavel Katenin.
Together with Katenin, Griboyedov wrote the best of his early works- comedy in prose "Student" (1817). During the life of Griboedov, she did not get either on stage or in print. Perhaps the attacks on literary opponents (Zhukovsky, Batyushkov, Karamzin), whose poems are parodied in the play, seemed indecent to the censors. In addition, in the main character - the fool Benevolsky - it was not difficult to recognize the features of these writers.
No less than the author's fame was attracted by the backstage life of the theater, an indispensable accessory of which were novels with actresses. One of these stories ended tragically.
Griboedov's two friends, the boobies Sheremetev and Zavadovsky, competed over the ballerina Istomina. Alexander Yakubovich, a well-known duelist in the city (future Decembrist), fanned a quarrel, and accused Griboyedov of ignoble behavior. Sheremetev was supposed to shoot with Zavadovsky, Yakubovich - with Griboyedov. Both duels were supposed to take place on the same day. But while they were assisting the mortally wounded Sheremetev, time was running out. The next day, Yakubovich was arrested as an instigator and exiled to the Caucasus.
Griboedov was not punished for the duel, but public opinion found him guilty of Sheremetev's death. The authorities decided to remove the official "involved in history" from St. Petersburg. Griboyedov was offered the post of secretary of the Russian mission either in the United States of America or in Persia. He chose the latter, and that sealed his fate.
Writer - diplomat
On the way to Persia, Griboyedov stayed in Tiflis for almost a year. A postponed duel with Yakubovich took place there. Griboyedov was wounded in the arm - for him, as a musician, this was very sensitive.
Griboyedov served in Persia for three years, then moved to the staff of General A.P. Yermolov. Service with this outstanding man gave him a lot. Griboedov spent 1823-1824 on vacation in Moscow, in the village of the Begichevs, in St. Petersburg. His new work - the comedy "Woe from Wit" - made a splash. It was conceived back in Persia, begun in Tiflis, and completed in the village of the Begichevs.
The author read the play in many literary salons. But he failed to print or stage Woe from Wit. The comedy was hardly missed because of the political urgency. There are not so many doubtful places in Woe from Wit in this respect; they would not be difficult to remove or soften. But the play had a smack of scandal: many Muscovites recognized themselves in her characters (as a rule, erroneously). The scandal was what the censors wanted to prevent. The authorities even banned a performance that students theater school wanted to present in a narrow circle. In the almanac "Russian Thalia for 1825" they printed only the second half of the first act and the entire third. Full text circulated in thousands of handwritten copies.
In January 1826, after the Decembrist uprising, Griboyedov was arrested on suspicion of being involved in a conspiracy. A few months later, he was not only released, but also received another rank, as well as an allowance in the amount of an annual salary. There really was no serious evidence against him, and even now there is no documentary evidence that the writer somehow participated in the activities of secret societies. On the contrary, he is credited with a disparaging characterization of the conspiracy: "One hundred ensigns want to turn Russia over!" But, perhaps, Griboyedov owes such a complete justification to the intercession of a relative, General I.F. Paskevich, a favorite of Nicholas I.
In June of the same year, Griboyedov was appointed envoy plenipotentiary to Persia. On the way, in Tiflis, he passionately fell in love with Princess Nina Chavchavadze, the daughter of his old friend, Georgian poet Alexandra Chavchavadze, and married her. Marital happiness was immeasurable, but soon ended. A month after the wedding, the young couple left for Persia. Nina stopped in the border Tabriz, and Griboyedov moved on - to the capital of Persia, Tehran.
Just a month later, tragedy struck. On January 30, 1829, the embassy was destroyed, and all who were in it were killed. Only one person was saved.
Griboyedov was buried in his beloved Tiflis, in the monastery of St. David on Mount Mtatsminda. On the grave, the widow erected a monument to him with the inscription: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”

A.S. Griboyedov is a famous Russian playwright, a brilliant publicist, a successful diplomat, one of smartest people of his time. He entered as the author of one work - the comedy "Woe from Wit". However, writing famous play creativity of Alexander Sergeevich is not limited. Everything that this man undertook bears the imprint of a unique giftedness. His fate was adorned with extraordinary events. The life and work of Griboedov will be briefly outlined in this article.

Childhood

Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich was born in 1795, on January 4, in the city of Moscow. He was brought up in a wealthy and well-born family. His father, Sergei Ivanovich, was a retired second major at the time of the boy's birth. Alexander's mother, Anastasia Fedorovna, bore the same maiden name as her married one, Griboedova. The future writer grew up as an unusually developed child. At the age of six, he already knew three foreign languages. In his youth, he became fluent in Italian, German, French and English. (Ancient Greek and Latin) were also an open book to him. In 1803, the boy was sent to a noble boarding school at Moscow University, where he spent three years.

Youth

In 1806, Alexander Sergeevich entered Moscow University. Two years later he became a candidate of verbal sciences. However, Griboyedov, whose life and work are described in this article, did not leave his studies. He entered first the moral and political department, and then - the physics and mathematics. The brilliant abilities of the young man were obvious to everyone. He could have made a great career in science or in the diplomatic field, but war suddenly burst into his life.

Military service

In 1812, Alexander Sergeevich volunteered for the Moscow Hussar Regiment, commanded by Petr Ivanovich Saltykov. The young cornets from the most famous noble families. Until 1815, the writer was in military service. His first literary experiments date back to 1814. Griboedov's work began with the essay "On Cavalry Reserves", the comedy "Young Spouses" and "Letters from Brest-Litovsk to the Publisher".

in the capital

In 1816 Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov retired. The life and work of the writer began to develop according to a completely different scenario. He met A.S. Pushkin and V.K. Kuchelbecker, became the founder of the Masonic lodge "Du Bien" and got a job in the diplomatic service as a provincial secretary. In the period from 1815 to 1817, Alexander Sergeevich, in collaboration with friends, created several comedies: Student, Feigned Infidelity, His Family or Married Bride. Griboyedov's work is not limited to dramatic experiments. He's writing critical articles("On the analysis of a free translation of the Burger's ballad "Lenora") and composes poetry ("Lubochny Theatre").

On South

In 1818, Alexander Sergeevich refused to work as an official in the United States and was appointed secretary to the tsar's attorney in Persia. Before the trip to Tehran, the playwright finished work on the play "Interlude Samples". Griboyedov, whose work was only gaining popularity, began to keep travel diaries on the way to Tiflis. These recordings revealed another facet of the writer's sparkling talent. He was an original author of ironic travel notes. In 1819, Griboyedov's work was enriched with the poem "Forgive, Fatherland." Around the same time, he was finishing work on "Letter to the publisher from Tiflis dated January 21". Diplomatic activity in Persia weighed heavily on Alexander Sergeevich, and in 1821, for health reasons, he moved to Georgia. Here he became close with Kuchelbecker and made the first drafts of the comedy Woe from Wit. In 1822, Griboyedov began work on the drama "1812".

metropolitan life

In 1823, Alexander Sergeevich managed to leave the diplomatic service for a while. He devoted his life to creating continued work on "Woe from Wit", composed the poem "David", the dramatic scene "Youth of the Prophet" and the cheerful vaudeville "Who is brother, who is sister or Deception after deception". Creativity Griboyedov, a brief description of which is presented in this article, was not limited literary activity. In 1823, the first edition of his popular waltz"e-moll". In addition, Alexander Sergeevich published discussion notes in the Desiderata magazine. Here he argues with his contemporaries on issues of Russian literature, history and geography.

"Woe from Wit"

In 1824 a great event took place in the history of Russian drama. Finished work on the comedy "Woe from Wit" by A.S. Griboyedov. The creativity of this talented person forever remained in the memory of descendants precisely because of this work. The bright and aphoristic style of the play contributed to the fact that it completely "dispersed into quotations."

The comedy combines elements of classicism and innovative for that time realism and romanticism. The merciless satire on the capital's aristocratic society in the first half of the 19th century was striking in its wit. However, the comedy "Woe from Wit" was unconditionally accepted by the Russian public. From now on, everyone knows and appreciates literary creativity Griboyedov. A brief description of the play cannot give a complete picture of the genius of this immortal work.

Back to the Caucasus

In 1825, Alexander Sergeevich had to abandon his intention to travel to Europe. The writer needed to return to the service, and at the end of May he went to the Caucasus. There he learned Persian, Georgian, Turkish and Arabic. On the eve of his trip to the south, Griboyedov finished translating the fragment "Prologue at the Theater" from the tragedy "Faust". He also managed to compile notes for the work of D.I. Tsikulin "Unusual adventures and travels ...". On the way to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich visited Kyiv, where he talked with prominent figures of the revolutionary underground: S.P. Trubetskoy, M.P. Bestuzhev-Ryumin. After that, Griboyedov spent some time in the Crimea. Creation, summary which is presented in this article, has received a new development these days. The writer conceived the creation of an epic tragedy about Baptism in Russia and constantly kept a travel diary, which was published only thirty years after the death of the author.

sudden arrest

After returning to the Caucasus, Alexander Sergeevich wrote "Predators on Chegem" - a poem created under the impression of participation in the expedition of A.A. Velyaminov. However, another fateful event soon happened in the life of a writer. In 1926, in January, he was arrested on suspicion of belonging to a secret society of Decembrists. The freedom, life and work of Griboyedov were under threat. Brief study biography of the writer gives an idea of ​​the incredible tension he was in all these days. The investigation failed to find evidence of Alexander Sergeevich's involvement in revolutionary movement. Six months later, he was released from custody. Despite the full rehabilitation, the writer was secretly monitored for some time.

last years of life

In 1926, in September, A.S. Griboyedov returned to Tiflis. He again engaged in diplomatic activities. Thanks to his efforts, Russia concluded the beneficial Turkmenchay peace treaty. Alexander Sergeevich himself delivered the text of the document to St. Petersburg, received the post of resident minister (ambassador) in Iran and left for his destination. On the way he made a stop in Tiflis. There he met with the grown-up daughter of his friend - Nina Chavchavadze. Struck by the beauty of the young girl, the writer immediately proposed to her. He married Nina a few months later - on August 22, 1828. Alexander Sergeevich took his young wife with him to Persia. This gave the happy spouse a few more weeks of living together.

Tragic death

In Persia, Alexander Sergeevich had to work hard. He constantly visited Tehran, where he conducted diplomatic negotiations in a very tough manner. The Russian emperor demanded inexorable firmness from his ambassador. For this, the Persians called the diplomat "hard-hearted." This policy has brought its tragic results. In 1929, on January 30, the Russian mission was destroyed by a crowd of rebellious fanatics. Thirty-seven people died at the embassy. Among them was A.S. Griboyedov. His torn body was subsequently identified only by his left hand injured in his youth. Thus perished one of the most gifted men of his time.

Many literary projects Griboyedov did not have time to complete. Creativity, a brief description of which is offered in this article, is replete with unfinished works, talented sketches. One can understand what a gifted writer Russia lost at that moment.

The table of life and work of Griboyedov is presented below.

Even an abbreviated sketch of the life and work of Griboedov gives an idea of ​​what outstanding personality was Alexander Sergeevich. His life was short, but surprisingly fruitful. Until the end of his days, he was devoted to the Motherland and died defending its interests. These are the people our country should be proud of.

Grade 9 Literature Lesson No. 1

Lesson topic: Essay on the life and work of A.S. Griboyedov. "Woe from Wit" - "a comedy of manners, a gallery of living types and sharp satire."

The purpose of the lesson: by the end of the lesson, students should know the biography of Griboedov, get information about the comedy "Woe from Wit".

Lesson objectives: 1. Study the biography of A.S. Griboyedov, to get acquainted with Griboyedov's comedy, to expand the idea of ​​the comic. 2. The development of the ability to work independently with the text, to distinguish between literary genres.

3. Education of the need for reading Russian classics, education of nobility, decency, culture of behavior.

Lesson equipment:portrait of the writer, a documentary from the series "Secrets of the Century" with Sergei Medvedev "Alexander Griboyedov. dazzling short life»; materials " Big Encyclopedia Cyril and Methodius" (BE Kim)

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizing time.
2. Work on the topic of previous lessons:

Choose synonyms for the word "classic" (best, exemplary).

Make a cluster "Russian classics" (1 group).

Make a syncwine with the word "classic" (group 2).

EXAMPLES:

1. Winter.

2. Big, snow-white.

3. Refreshes, pleases, invigorates.

5. Sorceress.

1. Classic.

2. The best, exemplary.

5. Standard.

3. Essay on the life and work of A.S. Griboyedov (lecture with viewing fragments documentary film"Alexander Griboyedov. A dazzlingly short life."

GRIBOEDOV Alexander Sergeevich (1790 or 1795? -1829) - Russian writer and diplomat. He belonged to a noble family, received a serious home education. Griboedov's many-sided talent was discovered early, including his talent as a composer (two waltzes for piano are known). He studied at the Moscow University noble boarding school (1803), then entered Moscow University (1806). After graduating from the verbal department with the title of candidate (1808), Griboyedov continued to study at the ethical and political department. One of the most educated people of his time, Griboedov spoke French, English, German, Italian, Greek, in Latin, later mastered Arabic, Persian, Turkish.

Since the beginning Patriotic War In 1812, Griboedov leaves his academic studies and joins the Moscow hussar regiment as a cornet. Military service(as part of the reserve units) brought him together with D.N. Begichev and his brother S.N. Begichev, who became a close friend of Griboyedov. After retiring (early 1816), Griboedov settled in St. Petersburg, determined to serve in the Collegium of Foreign Affairs. He leads a secular lifestyle, rotates in the theatrical and literary circles of St. Petersburg (gets close to the circle of A. A. Shakhovsky), writes and translates for the theater himself (the comedies "Young Spouses", 1815, "His Family, or Married Bride", 1817, jointly with Shakhovsky and N. I. Khmelnitsky, and others). Consequence " passionate passions and powerful circumstances ”(A. S. Pushkin) there were drastic changes in his fate - in 1818 Griboedov was appointed secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission to Persia (not the last role in this kind of exile was played by his participation as a second in the duel A. P. Zavadsky with V. V. Sheremetev, which ended with the death of the latter).

In the spring of 1823, Griboedov went on vacation. In Moscow, as well as in the estate of S. Begichev near Tula, where he spends the summer, acts 3 and 4 of "Woe from Wit" are being created. By the autumn of 1824, the comedy was completed. Griboedov travels to St. Petersburg, intending to use his connections in the capital to obtain permission for its publication and theatrical production. However, he soon becomes convinced that comedy is “no pass”. Only excerpts printed in 1825 by F.V. Bulgarin in the almanac "Russian Thalia" (the first complete publication in Russia - 1862; the first production on the professional stage - 1831) were able to pass through censorship. Nevertheless, Griboyedov's creation immediately became an event in Russian culture, spreading among the reading public in handwritten lists, the number of which approached the book circulations of that time (the Decembrists, who considered comedy as a mouthpiece of their ideas, contributed to the distribution of the lists; already in January 1825 I.I. Pushchin brought Pushkin to Mikhailovskoye a list of "Woe from Wit").

In the autumn of 1825, Griboyedov returned to the Caucasus, but already in February 1826 he was again in St. Petersburg - as a suspect in the Decembrist case (there were many reasons for arrest: during interrogations 4 Decembrists, including S. P. Trubetskoy and E. P. Obolensky, Griboyedov was named among the members of the secret society; lists of "Woe from Wit" were found in the papers of many of the arrested, etc.). Warned by Yermolov about his impending arrest, Griboedov managed to destroy part of his archive. During the investigation, he categorically denies any involvement in the conspiracy. In early June, Griboyedov was released from arrest with a "cleansing certificate."

Upon returning to the Caucasus (autumn 1826), Griboyedov takes part in several battles of the Russian-Persian war that has begun. Reaches significant success in the diplomatic field (according to N. N. Muravyov-Karsky, Griboyedov “replaced ... a twenty-thousandth army with his single face”), prepares, incl. beneficial for Russia Turkmanchai peace. Having brought the documents of the peace treaty to St. Petersburg (March 1828), he received awards and a new appointment as a plenipotentiary minister (ambassador) to Persia. Instead of literary pursuits, to which he dreamed of devoting himself (in his papers, plans, sketches - poems, the tragedies "Rodamist and Zenobia", "Georgian Night", the drama "1812"), Griboedov is forced to accept a high position.

Griboedov's last departure from the capital (June 1828) was tinged with gloomy forebodings. On the way to Persia, he stopped for a while in Tiflis. Nurturing plans for economic transformations in Transcaucasia. In August, he marries the 16-year-old daughter of A. G. Chavchavadze, Nina, and goes to Persia with her. Among other things, the Russian minister is engaged in sending captive Russian subjects home. Appeal to him for help by two Armenian women who fell into the harem of a noble Persian was the reason for the reprisal against an active and successful diplomat. On January 30, 1829, a mob, instigated by Muslim fanatics, defeated the Russian mission in Tehran. The Russian envoy was killed.“When (according to the testimony of the Persian dignitaries themselves) about 100,000 people gathered on the fateful day, and the mass, fanatized by preaching, rushed to the embassy house, the leaders of the conspiracy lost power over it, and elemental force raged. Griboedov understood the danger he was in, and the day before his death he sent a threatening note to the palace, stating that in view of the inability of the Persian authorities to protect the honor and very life of the representatives of Russia, he asked his government to recall him from Tehran. But it was already too late. On January 30, 1829, there was an almost universal massacre of Russians (only Maltsov, the adviser to the embassy, ​​escaped) and, in particular, the brutal murder of Griboyedov, whose body was found in a pile of corpses, disfigured and mutilated. With his usual fearlessness, Griboyedov hurried down to front door, which the Cossacks tried to guard, defended himself with a saber, was recognized and put in place. Long diplomatic replies, assurances of innocence and demonstrative despair, finally, sending Khosrev Mirza to St. Petersburg with an apology, the Persian government managed to settle relations with Russia again; this was all the easier because, busy Turkish war, Russia could not wish to resume hostilities against another country. Gradually, peace and harmony were established, as if nothing had disturbed them. Only the great man was gone ... ”(from Br. and Ephr.)

Griboyedov was buried in Tiflis on Mount St. David. On the gravestone are the words of Nina Griboyedova: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”

4. A masterpiece of Russian classics. In the comedy in verse "Woe from Wit" (1822-24, staged in Moscow in 1831, published in 1833), the conflict between the "liberal" (close to Decembrism) and the Famus society (worship of rank, wealth, power) appears as a struggle for the rights and dignity of the individual (including national). Many images have become common nouns, some poems - sayings and winged words.

The success of Griboyedov's comedy, which has taken a firm place among the Russian classics, is largely determined by the harmonious combination of the topical and the timeless in it. Through the brilliantly painted picture of Russian society of the pre-Decembrist era (disturbing the minds of disputes about serfdom, political freedoms, problems of national self-determination of culture, education, etc., masterfully outlined colorful figures of that time, recognizable by contemporaries, etc.), “eternal” themes are guessed: conflict generations, drama love triangle, antagonism of personality and society, etc. At the same time, “Woe from Wit” is an example of an artistic synthesis of traditional and innovative: paying tribute to the canons of the aesthetics of classicism (the unity of time, place, action, conditional roles, names-masks, etc.), Griboyedov “revives” scheme taken from life by conflicts and characters, freely introduces lyrical, satirical and journalistic lines into comedy.

The accuracy and aphoristic accuracy of the language, the successful use of the free (various) iambic, which conveys the elements colloquial speech, allowed the text of the comedy to retain sharpness and expressiveness; as Pushkin predicted, many lines of “Woe from Wit” became proverbs and sayings (“Fresh legend, but hard to believe”, “ happy hours do not observe”, etc.).

5. Deepening the concept of the comic.

COMIC (Greek kumikus - cheerful, funny, from kumos - a cheerful procession; this was the name of the mummers at Dionysian festivities), in a broad sense -causing laughter at someone or something.

6. Homework: read the comedy "Woe from Wit".

7. Reflection:

What was new for you in the lesson?

What did you like especially?

What mood are you in for change?

8. Summing up the lesson.

Grade 9 Literature Lesson No. 2

Lesson topic: A.S. Griboyedov. "Woe from Wit". Defense of the moral foundations of the "past century" by representatives of " Famus Society". The younger generation in comedy, his various representatives(Chatsky, Sophia, Molchalin).

The purpose of the lesson: By the end of the lesson, the students know the representatives of two generations, their ideas about service, respect for rank, and human decency.

Lesson objectives: 1. Acquaintance with representatives of two generations depicted in the comedy; knowledge of comedy. 2. Development of the ability to compare the heroes of the work, their speech; give own characteristic dramatic characters. 3 . Education of a respectful attitude to social traditions, the ability to behave in society, to maintain secular conversation.

Lesson equipment:television play "Woe from Wit", handout for group work, dictionary of literary terms.

DURING THE CLASSES

1. Organizing time.
2. Independent work on the topic "Comic": option 1 - humor, option 2 - irony, option 3 - satire, option 4 - sarcasm (work with a dictionary of literary terms).

HUMOR

IRONY

SATIRE (lat. satira),

SARCASM

1. Watching the television play "Woe from Wit" (fragments).
2. Group work: comparing monologues“That’s it, you are all proud…” and “And sure enough, the world began to grow stupid…”(1 group);

"Taste, father, excellent manner... "and" And who are the judges? .. "(Group 2).

Which life philosophy revealed in each of them?

1. Homework: Learn one of the proposed monologues by heart.
2. Summing up the lesson.
3. Reflection:

What life lesson did you learn from the monologues of comedy characters?

Which side are you on: Famusov or Chatsky?

Handout for group work

Always ready to churn

They all sing the same song

Without noticing about yourself:

What is older is worse.

Magnificent building chambers,

Lunches, dinners and dances?

Did they take the child to bow?

That Nestor of noble villains,

Crowd surrounded by servants;

Cupids and Zephyrs all

Sold out individually!!!

Now let one of us

and beautiful -

They immediately: robbery! fire!

They came here for a while, -

Women shouted: hurrah!

And they threw caps into the air!

And who are the judges? - For the antiquity of years

To a free life their enmity is irreconcilable,

Judgments draw from forgotten newspapers

The times of the Ochakovskys and the conquest of the Crimea;

Always ready to churn

They all sing the same song

Without noticing about yourself:

What is older is worse.

Where, show us, fathers of the fatherland,

Which should we take as samples?

Are not these rich in robbery?

They found protection from court in friends, in kinship,

Magnificent building chambers,

Where spilled in feasts and extravagance

And where foreign clients will not resurrect

The meanest traits of the past life.

Yes, and who in Moscow did not clamp their mouths

Lunches, dinners and dances?

Isn't it the one you are to whom I am still from the cradle,

For some incomprehensible intentions,

Did they take the child to bow?

That Nestor of noble villains,

Crowd surrounded by servants;

Zealous, they are in the hours of wine and fight

And honor and life saved him more than once: suddenly

He traded three greyhounds for them!!!

Or the one over there, which is for pranks

He drove to the fortress ballet on many wagons

From mothers, fathers of rejected children?!

He himself is immersed in mind in Zephyrs and Cupids,

Made all of Moscow marvel at their beauty!

But the debtors did not agree to the postponement:

Cupids and Zephyrs all

Sold out individually!!!

Here are those who lived to gray hair!

That's who we should respect in the wilderness!

Here are our strict connoisseurs and judges!

Now let one of us

Of the young people, there is an enemy of quests,

Not demanding either places or promotions,

In the sciences, he will stick the mind, hungry for knowledge;

Or in his soul God himself will excite the heat

To creative arts, high

and beautiful -

They immediately: robbery! fire!

And they will be known as a dreamer! dangerous!!. -

Uniform! one uniform! he is in their former life

Once sheltered, embroidered and beautiful,

Their weakness, reason poverty,

And we follow them on a happy journey!

And in wives, daughters - the same passion for the uniform!

Have I renounced tenderness to him for a long time?!

Now I can’t fall into this childishness,

But then who would not be attracted to everyone?

When from the guard, others from the court

They came here for a while, -

Women shouted: hurrah!

And they threw caps into the air!

That's it, are you all proud?

Would you ask how the fathers did?

They would learn by looking at their elders.

We, for example, or the dead uncle,

Maxim Petrovich: he is not on silver,

I ate on gold; one hundred people at your service,

All in orders, he drove forever in a train,

A century at the court, but at what court!

Then not what it is now

Under the Empress, he served Catherine.

And in those days, everything is important! forty pounds ...

Bow - do not nod dumbly.

The nobleman in the case - even more so;

Not like the other, and drank and ate differently.

And uncle! what is your prince? what is Count?

Serious look, haughty disposition.

When do you need to serve?

And he bent over backwards.

On the kurtag he happened to step in,

He fell, so much so that he almost hit the back of his head;

He was granted the highest smile;

Were you to laugh; how is he?

He got up, recovered, wanted to bow,

Suddenly fell in a row - on purpose,

And the laughter is louder, it is the same for the third time.

BUT? what do you think? in our opinion - smart.

He fell painfully, got up great,

For that, it happened, who is more often invited to whist?

Who hears a friendly word at court?

Maxim Petrovich. Who knew respect before everyone?

Maxim Petrovich! Joke!

Who gives ranks and gives pensions?

Maxim Petrovich. Yes! You, the current ones, are you?

And sure enough, the world began to go stupid,

You can say with a sigh;

How to compare and see

The current age and the past age;

Fresh tradition, but hard to believe;

As he was famous, Whose neck bent more often;

As not in the war, but in the world they took it with their foreheads,

Knocked on the floor without regret!

Who needs: those arrogance, they lie in the dust,

And for those who are higher, flattery, like lace, was woven.

Direct was the age of humility and fear,

All under the guise of zeal for the king.

I'm not talking about your uncle, I'm talking about yours.

We will not disturb him from the dust;

But meanwhile, whom the hunt will take,

Though in the most ardent servility,

Now, make people laugh

Is it brave to sacrifice the back of your head?

A peer, and an old man

Another, looking at that jump

And crumbling in shabby skin

Tea, saying: "Oh, if only I did too!"

Although there are hunters to scoff everywhere,

Yes, now laughter frightens and keeps shame in check;

It is not for nothing that sovereigns favor them sparingly.

Material for group work

HUMOR (English humor - a quirk, mood, temper, comedy, humor), a kind of comic, good-natured laughter with a serious background.

IRONY (from the Greek. eironeia - pretense),

1) denial or ridicule, pretended to be clothed in the form of consent or approval.

2) Stylistic figure: an expression of mockery or slyness through allegory, when a word or statement acquires in the context of speech a meaning that is opposite to the literal meaning or denies it.

3) A kind of comic when the funny is hidden under the mask of the serious (as opposed to humor) and harbors a sense of superiority or skepticism.

SATIRE (lat. satira),

1) a way of manifestation of the comic in art, consisting in annihilating ridicule of phenomena that seem to the author to be vicious. The power of satire depends on social significance the position occupied by the satirist, from the effectiveness comic means(sarcasm, irony, hyperbole, grotesque, allegory, parody, etc.). Satire arises in the folk "laughter" culture and gradually covers a number of art forms: theater and literature (especially comedy), journalism (pamphlet, feuilleton), art(caricature, cartoon), variety art, cinema, television, etc. Both the whole work and individual images, situations, episodes can be satirical. Classics of satire: Moliere, J. Swift, M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, F. Goya, O. Daumier.

2) In ancient Roman literature and related traditions special genre lyrics, ridiculing political, social and literary mores (Juvenal).

SARCASM (Greek sarkasmos, from sarkazo, lit. - I tear meat), caustic mockery, the highest degree of irony, based not only on the increased contrast of the implied and expressed, but also on the immediate intentional exposure of the implied: “The wolf took pity on the mare, left the tail and mane” .

Cinquain is a poetic form of reflection,

which unfolds according to the following rules:

1. The first line is 1 noun representing the concept.

2. The second line - 2 adjectives-definitions that characterize the concept.

3. The third line is a description of the action within this topic in three words, usually verbs.

4. The fourth line is a four-word phrase expressing the author's attitude to this topic.

5. The fifth line - one word - a synonym for the first word, repeating the essence of the topic on an emotional-figurative or philosophical-generalized level.

The strict rules of syncwine assign to each line not only the number of words, but also the parts of speech that the author can use.

1. Winter.

2. Big, snow-white.

3. Refreshes, pleases, invigorates.

4. Comes, leaves so slowly.

5. Sorceress.

1. Classic.

2. The best, exemplary.

3. Ennobles, educates, develops.

4. Represents the heyday of culture.

5. Standard.

Literature Lesson #3 Test based on the work of A.S. Griboyedov (test).

1. Who owns the statement that in the comedy "25 fools to 1 sane person"?

a) Pushkin c) Goncharov;

b) Griboyedov; d) Katenina.

2. What made Chatsky once leave Moscow?

a) boredom c) unhappy love;

3. How long was Chatsky absent from Moscow?

a) 3 months; c) 5 years;

b) 3 years; d) six months.

4. Who raised Sophia?

a) Madame Rosier; b) Monsieur Beaupré; c) the old woman Khlestova.

5. How many years did Molchalin live with Famusov?

a) year; c) 5 years;

b) 3 years; d) 10 years.

6. From which city did Molchalin come to Moscow?

a) from St. Petersburg; b) from Saratov; c) from Tver.

7. The expression " gossips scarier than a gun" belongs to:

a) Famusov; d) Chatsky;

b) Lisa; e) Repetilov;

c) Sophia; e) Molchalin.

8. Who in the comedy "you can't fool with learning"?

a) Molchalin; c) Famusova;

b) Skalozub; d) Tugoukhovsky.

9. In what educational institution, according to Princess Tugoukhovskaya, “are they exercising in splits and disbelief”?

a) Petersburg Pedagogical Institute;

b) Smolny Institute for Noble Maidens;

c) Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum;

d) Cadet Corps.

10. In what department did Molchalin serve?

a) the Chamber of Weights and Measures;

b) archives;

c) finance department;

d) management of charitable institutions.

11. What rank did Molchalin receive while serving in Moscow?

a) collegiate assessor;

b) collegiate registrar;

c) state adviser.

12. Which of the heroes of the comedy is a member of the English club? ___________________

13. What is military rank Rocktooth?_____________________

14. Finish the following lines; determine which heroes they belong to and about whom they are said:

a) "... and a golden bag ... ____________________"; _____________________________

b) “They will only teach in our way: one, two ... _______________________________”; _

c) "But by the way, he will reach the known degrees ... _____________________________".

_________________________________________________________________________

15. What words do the comedy begin with? ___________________________

_________________________________________________________________________

16. What exclamation ends the play?

a) “Carriage for me, carriage!”

b) Get out of Moscow! I don't go here anymore!"

c) "Ah! My God! What will Princess Marya Aleksevna say!

d) “To the village, to my aunt, to the wilderness, to Saratov!”

e) "... P I’m going to look around the world, where there is a corner for an offended feeling!

17. There are two reasoning heroes in the comedy: the first is Chatsky, the second ...

a) Famusov; d) Lisa;

b) Molchalin; e) Skalozub;

c) Sophia; e) Repetilov.

18. Comedy written by:

a) iambic tetrameter;

b) variegated trochee;

c) trimeter dactyl;

d) free iambic;

e) Alexandrian verse.

(Questions for the test

taken from Sat. L. B. Aliyeva, T. V. Torkunova.

Literature: Tests. Grade 9 - M., 1998.)

A.S. Griboyedov was born in Moscow on January 4 (15), 1795 (according to other sources - in 1794) into a noble noble family. As a child, he received a versatile home education, and from 1802 to 1805 he studied at the Moscow University Noble boarding school. In 1806 he became a student at Moscow University. After graduating from the verbal (in 1808) and ethical-political (in 1810) departments, he continued to study mathematics and the natural sciences. In his student years, Griboedov, who had brilliant abilities and worked hard and hard. Even at the university, he became a polyglot, easily mastering foreign languages, not only European (French, English, Italian and German), but also ancient (Greek and Latin). Later, oriental languages ​​\u200b\u200bare added to them - Persian, Arabic and Turkish. His literary gift manifested itself in the first humorous and satirical works. The years of study are the time of friendly communication between Griboyedov and future prominent representatives Russian freethinking - N.M. Muravyov, I.D. Yakushkin, N.I. Turgenev, P. Ya. Chaadaev.

In 1812, Griboyedov volunteered for the army and was enrolled as a cornet in the Moscow Hussars, but he did not have a chance to participate in hostilities against Napoleon's troops. In 1817, his diplomatic career began: a retired military man became an official of the Collegium of Foreign Affairs and lived in St. Petersburg until 1818, actively participating in literary and theatrical life.

Griboedov became close friends with young writers (V.K. Kuchelbeker, N.I. Grech, later with A.S. Pushkin) and theatrical figures(P.A. Katenin, A.A. Shakhovsky, N.I. Khmelnitsky, A.A. Zhandrom). In 1815, his verse comedy in one act, Young Spouses, was published and staged on the stage - a remake of the play. French playwright Creuse de Lesser "Le secret du menage". In 1817, in collaboration with P.A. Katenin, Griboyedov wrote the comedy "Student", and together with A.A. Shakhovsky and N.I. Khmelnitsky - the comedy "His Family, or the Married Bride" (Griboyedov wrote the beginning of the second act ). Written jointly with A. A. Zhandr, the comedy Feigned Infidelity (a free translation of the comedy of the French playwright Barthes "Les fausses infidelites") was staged in 1818 on the stages of Moscow and St. Petersburg. Participation in the work on these everyday plays was a test of the young playwright's strength before starting work on his main work - in the second half of the 1810s. the idea of ​​the comedy "Woe from Wit" was formed.

Appointment in 1818 as secretary of the Russian diplomatic mission in Persia, Griboyedov considered a kind of "honorary" exile, dictated by the desire of his superiors to remove him from St. Petersburg. The reason was the duel between officer V.N. Sheremetev and Count A.P. Zavadovsky over the ballerina A.I. Istomina (Griboyedov was Zavadovsky's second).

After a three-year service in Persia, Griboedov was transferred to Tiflis: from 1822 he served under the head of Georgia, General A.P. Yermolov. It was at this time that the earlier plan "Woe from Wit" began to be realized. From the middle of 1823 to the end of 1825, Griboyedov was in long vacation. In the summer of 1823, in the estate of his friend S.N. Begichev - the village of Dmitrovsky, Tula province. - he worked hard on "Woe from Wit", and in the fall he went to Moscow, where he performed reading excerpts from the comedy. For several months, Griboyedov actively participated in the Moscow literary life: together with P.A. Vyazemsky he wrote the vaudeville “Who is the brother, who is the sister, or Deception after deception”, collaborated in the almanac “Mnemosyne”.

From June 1824 until the end of 1825, Griboedov lived in St. Petersburg, continuing literary pursuits- work on the text of "Woe from Wit" and new plays that remained unfinished (drama "1812", tragedies "Georgian Night", "Rodamist and Zenobia"). In the capital, he talked with many people: writers, theatrical figures, future participants in the December events, including K.F. Ryleev and A.A. Bestuzhev, publishers of the almanac " polar Star". Friendly ties with the Decembrists did not go unnoticed, soon after returning to the Caucasus to his place of service, Griboedov again found himself in St. Petersburg: in January 1826, Yermolov received a warrant for his arrest. Upon learning of this, Griboyedov managed to destroy all the papers that could compromise him during the investigation.

During interrogations in St. Petersburg, he resolutely denied his participation in secret societies, which was confirmed in their testimony by many Decembrists. After an investigation that lasted four months, he was released for lack of evidence. Indeed, despite wide circle acquaintances associated with secret societies, and contact with the Decembrists on some ideological issues, Griboyedov was far from the Decembrist movement. Probably, the most noticeable features of his character played a significant role in this: isolation, caution, ironic, skeptical mind. He was critical of those projects for the “salvation” of Russia that the Decembrists proposed, although he was an educator and a freethinker.

After returning to the Caucasus in September 1826, Griboyedov became the largest figure in Russian diplomacy in the East. In 1827 he was instructed to conduct diplomatic relations with Turkey and Persia, and in 1828 he actively participated in the preparation of the Turkmenchay peace treaty, which put an end to the war with Persia. After this diplomatic success, Griboyedov was appointed Minister Plenipotentiary to Persia. However, the new appointment caused him not joy, but anxiety and gloomy forebodings: life in the newly “reconciled” Tehran promised difficulties and hardships. On the eve of his departure for Persia, in August 1828, in Tiflis, Griboyedov married N.A. Chavchavadze. Soon after the wedding, he left with an embassy for Tehran.

January 30 (February 11), 1829 Griboyedov was torn to pieces by a crowd of fanatics - opponents of peace with Russia, who destroyed the building of the Russian embassy. On the monument erected on the grave of Griboyedov in Tiflis, carved famous words his wife: “Your mind and deeds are immortal in Russian memory, but why did my love survive you?”

As the outstanding poet and critic of the 20th century emphasized. VF Khodasevich, “in this gloomy and romantic finale, the general mood of Griboyedov's life, rich in feelings, impressions and events, only sounded more clearly. Griboyedov was a man of remarkable intelligence, a great education, a peculiar, very complex and, in essence, charming character. Under a rather dry, and often bilious restraint, he buried the depth of a feeling that did not want to be expressed over trifles. But in worthy cases, Griboyedov showed both strong passion and active love. He knew how to be an excellent, albeit somewhat uncompromising, diplomat, and a dreamy musician, and a "citizen of the scenes", and a friend of the Decembrists. Its very history last love and death would not have succeeded in an ordinary person ”(essay“ Griboyedov ”).