Learn Italian from scratch! How to learn Italian from scratch.

M.: 2006. - 376 p.

The new generation self-instruction manual is addressed to those who have not previously studied Italian and want to master it quickly and independently. The manual includes an introductory course aimed at mastering the rules of reading and pronunciation, 11 lessons of the main course on vocabulary and grammar, lesson dictionaries, Italian-Russian and Russian-Italian dictionaries, a short grammar guide, exercises of varying degrees of difficulty with keys. The self-instruction manual is supplied with an audio appendix on a CD containing texts and dialogues voiced by Italian speakers, as well as a color insert illustrating the regional study materials of the lessons. An accessible and step-by-step presentation of the material, explanations in Russian, an effective self-control system make the manual indispensable for both children and adults - for those who have never studied languages ​​or think they have no ability for them. After completing the entire course, the reader will be able to communicate in Italian in typical situations, read Italian texts of medium complexity and not get into an awkward position due to ignorance of Italian customs and norms of linguistic behavior.

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CONTENT
To readers 3
How to work with this book 4
introductory course
Lesson #1
ft 1. Italian alphabet 6
Rules for pronunciation of vowels and consonants. Accent Rules 7
ft 2. Reading exercise No. 1 ....8 Reading rules: letters c, g before a, o, and, letter s; letter e; letter!; double consonants 8
ft 3. Reading exercise No. 2 ....8 Grammar:
§ 1. Noun gender 11
§ 2. Indefinite article: forms and main cases of use 11
§ 3. Question Che cosa e? 13
Lesson #2
Reading rules: letter s (continued) 16
ft 4. Reading exercise No. 1 16
Reading rules: letter i; letter and; letter q; c, g before i, e 17
ft 5. Reading exercise No. 2 ....18
Grammar:
§ 1. Plural of nouns 19
§ 2. The concept of mixed gender .... 20
Lesson #3
Reading rules: letter combinations gn, gli, che, chi, ghi 24
ft 6. Reading Exercise No. I 24
Language and culture: Signora? Signorina? (Signora? Signorina?) 25
Grammar:
§ 1. Indefinite article: cases of non-use 26
§ 2. Plural indefinite article 26
§ 3. Adjective: forms and place in sentence 27
§ 4. Agreement of an adjective with a noun 28
Lesson #4
Reading rules; letter g 32
ft 7. Reading Exercise No. 1 32
Grammar:
§ I. Definite article: forms and main cases of use 33
Italian lifestyle: Non solo un cafie (Coffee and more) 37
Lesson #5
Reading rules: letter combination sc 39
ft 8. Reading Exercise No. 1 39
Grammar:
§ 1. Personal pronouns 40
§ 2. Irregular verb essere 40
§ 3. Non-use of the article in the answer to the question about the profession 41
ft 9. Dialogo #1 (Dialogue #L): Ciao! (Hey!) 42
ft 10. Dialogo #2: Buon giorno! (Good afternoon!) 44
Grammar:
§ 4. Designations of nationalities 45
ft I. Dialogo No. 3: Di dove siete? (Where are you from?) 47
Italian way of life: Caffe di nuovo! (And one more time about coffee!) 48
Traveling in Italy:
L "ltalia. Profilo geografico (Italy. Geographical portrait) 49
Lesson #6
ft 12. Reading exercise JN "Q 1 51
ft 13. Reading Exercise No. 2 51
ft 14, Reading exercise, \ "e 3 51
Grammar:
§ 1. Irregular verb avere 52
ft 15. § 2. Intonation schemes 54
ft 16. II testo della lezione (Text of the lesson): Chi e 0 16
§ 3. Adverb anche ..117
§ 4. Irregular verbs venire, tenere .118
§ 5. Irregular verbs stare, dare 119
§ 6. Cardinal numbers from 21 to 1000 000 000 120
ft 25. II testo della lezione: A casa di Sergio (Sergio's House) 121
ft 26. II dialogo della lezione: Nelsalotto (In the living room) .129
Language and culture:
Comunicare con la gente (How people communicate).133
Itmyan way of life: Fcste nazionali e religiose (National and religious holidays) 133
Traveling in Italy: Colosseo (Coliseum) 133
Quinta lezione (lezione 5)
Grammar:
§ 1. Modal verbs 135
§ 2. Unstressed personal pronouns 137
§ 3. Personal pronouns with modal verbs 140
§ 4. The use of possessive pronouns with terms of kinship 143
§ 5. Irregular verbs conoscere, sapere 144
§ 6. Irregular verb dire 145
ft 27. II testo della lezione: Presentazioni (Introduction) 146
ft 28. II dialogo della lezione: Discorsi sul lavoro (Talk about work) 15)
Language and culture: Tee o Lei? (“You” OR “You”?) 156
Italian way of life: Rapporti con i parenti (Relationships with relatives) 157
Traveling in Italy: Foro Romano (Roman Forum) 158
Sesta lezione (lezione 6)
Grammar:
§\. Reflexive verbs 160
§ 2. Che ora e? Che ore sono? - What time is it now? 164
§ 3. Use of the words molto, tanto, troppo, poco, alcuno 166
§ 4. Gender of nouns ending in -ma, -ta, -ca 169
§ 5. Invariable nouns 169
§ 6. Irregular verbs uscire, riuscire 171
ft 29. II testo della lezione: Una giornata di lavoro (Working day) 171
ft 30. II dialogo della lezione: Acena (Dinner) 180
Italian way of life: La dieta mediterranea (Mediterranean diet) 187
Traveling in Italy: L "immagine di Roma Antica (Image of Ancient Rome) 189
Settlma lezione (lezione 7)
Grammar:
§ 1. Passato prossimo (near past tense). Participio passato (past participle) 190
§ 2. Circumstance of time.... 198 § 3. Forms of words bello and quello ....199 § 4. Irregular verb piacere 201
§ 5. Irregular verbs nascere, crescere, salire, porre ....203 ft 31. II testo della lezione: E arrivato Sergio! (Sergio has arrived!) 205
ft 32. II dialogo della lezione: Olga racconta le sue avventure (Olga talks about her adventures) 212
Language and culture:
Un po" sulla storia della lingua (A little about the history of the language)....218
Traveling in Italy: La Roma cristiana (Christian Rome) 219
Ottava lezione (lezione 8)
Grammar:
§ 1. Passato prossimo (near past tense) (continued) 221
§ 2. Passato prossimo (near past tense) of modal verbs 223
§ 3. Place of unstressed personal pronouns with verbs in passato prossimo (near past tense) 225
§ 4. Designations of the days of the week 226
Language and culture: Perche si chiamano cosl (Where did these names come from) 227
Grammar:
§ 5. Designations of dates 227
Grammar:
§ 6. Names of seasons and months 228
Language and culture: La lingua, lelingue,.. (Language, languages...) 228
Grammar:
§ 7. Ordinal numbers 229
Language and culture: Secoli all "italiana (Centuries in Italian) 229
§ 8. Irregular verbs with -urre 231
ft 33. And testo della lezione: Olga si e iscritta ad un corso d "italiano (Olga signed up for Italian language courses) 232
Italian way of life: CompHiamo un modulo! (Let's fill out the questionnaire!) 239
Italian lifestyle: L "lstruzione in Italia (Education in Italy) 241
ft 34, And dialogo della lezione: Olga chiede la strada (Olga asks how to get through.,.) 244
Italian lifestyle: Studiare alFL "niversita (Studying at the university) 247
Traveling in Italy: Roma. Piazze e fontane (Rome. Squares and fountains) ....247
Nona lezione (lezione 9)
Grammar:
§ 1. Futuro semplice (future simple tense) 249
§ 2. Irregular forms of futuro semplice (future simple tense) 251
§ 3. Circumstance of time (continued) 252
§ 4. Futuro anteriore (pre-future tense) 253
§ 5. Participio passato (past participle) (continued) 254
§ 6. Degrees of comparison of adjectives 255
§ 7. Plural of nouns and adjectives in -ca, -ga and -so, -go 258
§ 8. Color designations 259
ft 35. II testo della lezione: Progetti di fine-settimana (Plans for the weekend) 261
Italian way of life: Le autostrade in Italia (Italian motorways) 264
ft 36. \\ dialogo della lezione: Prenotazione di albergo (Hotel booking) 268
Italian way of life: Al mare (On the sea) 272
Traveling in Italy: Firenze (Florence) 273
Decima lezione (lezione 10)
Grammar:
§ 1. Imperfetto (incomplete past tense) 275
§ 2.11 tempo - Weather 276
§ 3. Gerund 279
§ 4, Relative Pronouns 282
ft 37. II testo della lezione: Una storia d "amore (Love Story) 286
ft 38. II dialogo della lezione: Due telefonate (Two phone calls) 291
Italian lifestyle: Matrimonio all "italiana (Marriage in Italian) 297
Traveling in Italy: Musei di Firenze (Museums of Florence) 297
Undicesima lezione (lezione 11)
Grammar:
§ 1. Passive form of the verb 299
§ 2. Imperative 303
§ 3. Imperative mood of irregular verbs 307
ft 39. 11 testo della lezione: Un incidente stradale (Road accident) 310
Italian way of life: Andare in macchina in Italia (Around Italy by car) 313
ft 40. II dialogo della lezione: Dal medico (At the doctor's) 315
Italian way of life: La multa! (Penalty!) 320
ft 41.11 dialogo della lezione. Al ristorante (In the restaurant) 320
Travel in Italy: Venezia, citta sul mare (Venice, city on the sea) 327
Forms of irregular verbs 329
Italian-Russian Dictionary 330
Russian-Italian dictionary 347

One of the most popular types of questions on services like "Mail.ru Answers" or "Google Answers" are questions from people who are interested in learning certain foreign languages, but decide, before starting classes, to "test the ground" and find out what they need to mentally prepare.

With this article, I would like to address, first of all, precisely such people. However, it will be interesting in itself for those who wish to broaden their horizons.

The article is divided into 2 antonymous parts:

1. The main difficulties that arise when learning this language.
2. Language characteristics, on the contrary, simplify (sometimes significantly) its study.

Characteristics will be given in comparison with other major European languages ​​(mainly English) for greater clarity.

I'll start talking about Italian with a few interesting facts. Modern Italian can be considered an artificial language, which was developed after the unification of the country in the 60-70s. XIX century based on the Tuscan dialect. Even during the First World War, Italians from different regions could hardly understand each other, and it was then that the imposition of official Italian began especially actively.

Now I can say from my own experience that no one has problems with understanding. Dialets have not gone away, but now they are used mostly in the plane of personal, friendly (if friends are from the same region) and family relationships. The vast majority of the population speaks Italian without any problems, the only exception is provincial Italy, and even then it is mainly its elderly contingent, which communicates with each other almost exclusively in dialect (for example, the conversations of Trentino pensioners living in mountain valleys, an Italian from another risks not understand completely).

In fact, many dialects are essentially independent languages. For example, it is very interesting that the Sicilian dialect is a direct descendant of Latin itself, and has nothing to do with Italian. And, for example, the Sardinian language is completely independent language, having its own dialects.

Why is it easy?

Where does the learning of any language begin? Of course, from phonetics. For those who know English, it will not be difficult to read Italian correctly - probably, in terms of phonetics, Italian is the easiest language in the world. Only 21 letters (which is 5 less than in English) plus combinations of letters that form sounds that are easy to reproduce in Cyrillic (gn - н, gl - л, sc - sh, etc.) and will never cause such despair for beginners, like the same English sound "th" or its Spanish counterpart "c" / "z" (without this word in Spain you will not be able to pronounce correctly, for example, the word "beer" (cerveza)), not to mention nasal sounds French, without knowing which you will not be able to correctly pronounce even the most elementary words like "bon" (good).

With regard to the relationship between vowels and consonants, the situation against the background of the Russian language with a gigantic host of phonetic rules seems simply elementary: vowels are pronounced exactly the same as on paper, consonants do not change or soften, and the reading of some of them is regulated by a few very elementary rules.

Why is it hard?

The incredible ease of Italian phonetics, unfortunately, goes sideways for native Russian speakers, whose speech is "captured" by a huge number of Russian pronunciation rules that are automatically put into action when speaking in Italian.

The Italian ear is very sensitive. Often, when changing one sound, they refuse to understand the word as a whole. This is especially detrimental to the acane, the significance of which in the matter of mangling Italian words can be overestimated:

"doloroso" [doloroso], but by no means [dALArozo].

"mortalita" [mOrtalita], nor not [martalita].

The softening of consonants sounds especially terrible in Italian:

"livello" [livello], here "l", sounds the same as in the word "scrap", but not like in the word "rainstorm".

That is, the difficulty for the Russian speaker, paradoxically, lies precisely in the ease of pronunciation, that is, in the absolutely accurate reading of each vowel and consonant of Italian words.

In addition, do not neglect the meaning of double consonants, of which there are a lot in Italian.

It is strongly not recommended to pronounce at the pace of a high-speed train. If the name of the famous musician Ramazzotti is spelled with two "t" and two "z" (Ramazzotti), then it should be pronounced like this: not [ramozotti], but [ramazzotti].

Why is it easy?

Italian language is analytical. This means the absence of cases, the function of which is performed by prepositions. Despite the obvious lexical similarity with Latin, Italian is nevertheless very far from Latin in terms of grammar: in Italian, as I said, there are no 6 cases that terrify students, there is no neuter gender, and there are many other differences.

The absence of a case system always makes life much easier. Those who studied German understand this. Although there are only 4 of them, even this number is enough to cause panic attacks in beginners when they see tables of case declensions of German articles, adjectives and numerals.

Let's make a visual comparison:

English: My brother's younger sister gave her mother 2 pieces of bread.

Italian: Mia sorella minore di mio fratello ha dato 2 fette di pane alla sua mamma.

As you can see, in the Russian version we did without prepositions at all, while the analytical structure of the Italian language means a very active use of them, which, of course, is easier to learn even for native speakers of the "mega-synthetic" Russian language.

Why is it hard?

Another initial theme, which, it would seem, should not cause problems is articles. The rules for their use are seemingly simple, but in fact, speakers of Russian and other languages ​​who are not "burdened" with this language tool make a lot of mistakes here, which greatly disfigures Italian speech.

There is a lot to be learned just by cramming. Using English as a guide will not help matters - there are too many differences.

I'm going to the theatre: Vado a treatro (no article).

I'm going to the cinema: Vado al cinema (with the article).

Without going into details, one can especially dwell on the fact that in Italian articles are obligatory for possessive pronouns, which contrasts with most European languages. Compare:

English: I see my car.

German: Ich sehe mainen Wagen.

French: Je vois ma voiture.

Spanish: Veo mi coche.

English: I see my car.

Italian: Vedo la mia auto (la is the article, mia is mine).

As you can see, only in Italian, when using a possessive pronoun, is it worth paying attention to the corresponding declension of the article referring to the noun.

Why is it easy?

The derivation of many Italian nouns (in particular, household items) is a great example of how often the language does not "steam" and goes in the most straightforward way.

Many words are a banal "verb + noun" link in an almost completely modified form, which greatly simplifies their memorization:

portare (carry) + cenere (ash) = portacenere (ashtray).

portare (carry) + container (container) = portacontainer (container ship).

portare (carry) + bagagli (luggage) = portabagagli (trunk).

lavare (wash) + stoviglie (dishes) = lavastoviglie (dishwasher).

aspirare (inhale) + polvere (dust) = aspirapolvere (vacuum cleaner).

spazzare (sweep) + neve (snow) = spazzaneve (snowplow).

asciugare (wipe) + mani (hands) = asciugamani (towel).

And many other words.

In addition to the simplicity of word formation of such nouns, their ease lies in the fact that they are immutable, that is, the transition to the plural is grammatically displayed only by changing the article.

Why is it hard?

The subjunctive mood (congiuntivo), the use of which in Romance languages ​​is approximately functionally similar, presents difficulties for Russian speakers. Strongly (very strongly) generalizing, the subjunctive mood means that the information provided is either doubtful or emotionally colored. Sometimes Italians deliberately replace the subjunctive with the indicative in order to give their words more power and authenticity, but in doing so they make a grammatical error.

In practice, the use of the subjunctive means that you must always remember the appropriate forms of the verb when expressing hope, expectation, emotion, dissatisfaction, etc.

For example:

Information presented as fact:

Black car = L "auto e nere.

Now let's add a little "personality factor":

I think his car is black = Credo che la sua auto sia nera.

Both in the first phrase and in the second - 3 persons, singular. the number of the verb "to be", but as you can see, in the second version it has changed: it is not the fact that the car is really black, but only our opinion, that is, that we believe that it is black.

Complicating the situation with the use of the subjunctive is the fact that it is used in a huge number of the most used phraseological units, for example, after the words "although", "in order to", "in order to" and so on, and you need to get used to it, otherwise, the speech will not only be illiterate, but even "difficult to understand."

Why is it easy?

You study almost all other romantic languages ​​at the same time - they have such similar vocabulary. In addition, in learning Italian, knowing an English dictionary, which also contains many Latin elements, will be of great service to you.

Here are just a thousandth of such words:

Russian - English - Italian

allow - permit - permettere

stunning - splendid - splendido

huge - enorme

page - page - pagina

apartment - apartment - appartamento

terrible - terrible - terribile

accurate - accurate - accurato

casual - casual - casiale

diary - diary - diario

pen - pen - penna

powerful - potent - potente

and many, many other words.

What's even more interesting. In addition to vocabulary, you will also find a huge number of grammatical similarities - with other romantic languages. Their number is incalculable: from the most common to the conjugation of irregular verbs.

As you can see, learning Italian has several pitfalls, but the main thing is that, in general, it is not difficult and very interesting. Having mastered this language, you will be able to better appreciate, without exaggeration, the boundless richness of Italy's culture and history and, which is very important for me personally, understand the meaning of beautiful Italian songs and sing along with them. Success in your studies!

Learning Italian from scratch. Easily!

One of the most popular types of questions on services like "Mail.ru Answers" or "Google Answers" are questions from people who are interested in learning certain foreign languages, but decide, before starting classes, to "test the ground" and find out what they need to mentally prepare.

With this article, I would like to address, first of all, precisely such people. However, it will be interesting in itself for those who wish to broaden their horizons.

The article is divided into 2 antonymous parts:

1. The main difficulties that arise when learning this language.
2. Language characteristics, on the contrary, simplify (sometimes significantly) its study.

Characteristics will be given in comparison with other major European languages ​​(mainly English) for greater clarity.

I'll start talking about Italian with a few interesting facts. Modern Italian can be considered an artificial language, which was developed after the unification of the country in the 60-70s. XIX century based on the Tuscan dialect. Even during the First World War, Italians from different regions could hardly understand each other, and it was then that the imposition of official Italian began especially actively.

Now I can say from my own experience that no one has problems with understanding. Dialets have not gone away, but now they are used mostly in the plane of personal, friendly (if friends are from the same region) and family relationships. The vast majority of the population speaks Italian without any problems, the only exception is provincial Italy, and even then it is mainly its elderly contingent, which communicates with each other almost exclusively in dialect (for example, the conversations of Trentino pensioners living in mountain valleys, an Italian from another risks not understand completely).

In fact, many dialects are essentially independent languages. For example, it is very interesting that the Sicilian dialect is a direct descendant of Latin itself, and has nothing to do with Italian. And, for example, the Sardinian language is completely independent language, having its own dialects.

Why is it easy?

Where does the learning of any language begin? Of course, from phonetics. For those who know English, it will not be difficult to read Italian correctly - probably, in terms of phonetics, Italian is the easiest language in the world. Only 21 letters (which is 5 less than in English) plus combinations of letters that form sounds that are easy to reproduce in Cyrillic (gn - н, gl - л, sc - sh, etc.) and will never cause such despair for beginners, like the same English sound "th" or its Spanish counterpart "c" / "z" (without this word in Spain you will not be able to pronounce correctly, for example, the word "beer" (cerveza)), not to mention nasal sounds French, without knowing which you will not be able to correctly pronounce even the most elementary words like "bon" (good).

With regard to the relationship between vowels and consonants, the situation against the background of the Russian language with a gigantic host of phonetic rules seems simply elementary: vowels are pronounced exactly the same as on paper, consonants do not change or soften, and the reading of some of them is regulated by a few very elementary rules.

Why is it hard?

The incredible ease of Italian phonetics, unfortunately, goes sideways for native Russian speakers, whose speech is "captured" by a huge number of Russian pronunciation rules that are automatically put into action when speaking in Italian.

The Italian ear is very sensitive. Often, when changing one sound, they refuse to understand the word as a whole. This is especially detrimental to the acane, the significance of which in the matter of mangling Italian words can be overestimated:

"doloroso" [doloroso], but by no means [dALArozo].

"mortalita" [mOrtalita], nor not [martalita].

The softening of consonants sounds especially terrible in Italian:

"livello" [livello], here "l", sounds the same as in the word "scrap", but not like in the word "rainstorm".

That is, the difficulty for the Russian speaker, paradoxically, lies precisely in the ease of pronunciation, that is, in the absolutely accurate reading of each vowel and consonant of Italian words.

In addition, do not neglect the meaning of double consonants, of which there are a lot in Italian.

It is strongly not recommended to pronounce at the pace of a high-speed train. If the name of the famous musician Ramazzotti is spelled with two "t" and two "z" (Ramazzotti), then it should be pronounced like this: not [ramozotti], but [ramazzotti].

Why is it easy?

Italian language is analytical. This means the absence of cases, the function of which is performed by prepositions. Despite the obvious lexical similarity with Latin, Italian is nevertheless very far from Latin in terms of grammar: in Italian, as I said, there are no 6 cases that terrify students, there is no neuter gender, and there are many other differences.

The absence of a case system always makes life much easier. Those who studied German understand this. Although there are only 4 of them, even this number is enough to cause panic attacks in beginners when they see tables of case declensions of German articles, adjectives and numerals.

Let's make a visual comparison:

English: My brother's younger sister gave her mother 2 pieces of bread.

Italian: Mia sorella minore di mio fratello ha dato 2 fette di pane alla sua mamma.

As you can see, in the Russian version we did without prepositions at all, while the analytical structure of the Italian language means a very active use of them, which, of course, is easier to learn even for native speakers of the "mega-synthetic" Russian language.

Why is it hard?

Another initial theme, which, it would seem, should not cause problems is articles. The rules for their use are seemingly simple, but in fact, speakers of Russian and other languages ​​who are not "burdened" with this language tool make a lot of mistakes here, which greatly disfigures Italian speech.

There is a lot to be learned just by cramming. Using English as a guide will not help matters - there are too many differences.

I'm going to the theatre: Vado a treatro (no article).

I'm going to the cinema: Vado al cinema (with the article).

Without going into details, one can especially dwell on the fact that in Italian articles are obligatory for possessive pronouns, which contrasts with most European languages. Compare:

English: I see my car.

German: Ich sehe mainen Wagen.

French: Je vois ma voiture.

Spanish: Veo mi coche.

English: I see my car.

Italian: Vedo la mia auto (la is the article, mia is mine).

As you can see, only in Italian, when using a possessive pronoun, is it worth paying attention to the corresponding declension of the article referring to the noun.

Why is it easy?

The derivation of many Italian nouns (in particular, household items) is a great example of how often the language does not "steam" and goes in the most straightforward way.

Many words are a banal "verb + noun" link in an almost completely modified form, which greatly simplifies their memorization:

portare (carry) + cenere (ash) = portacenere (ashtray).

portare (carry) + container (container) = portacontainer (container ship).

portare (carry) + bagagli (luggage) = portabagagli (trunk).

lavare (wash) + stoviglie (dishes) = lavastoviglie (dishwasher).

aspirare (inhale) + polvere (dust) = aspirapolvere (vacuum cleaner).

spazzare (sweep) + neve (snow) = spazzaneve (snowplow).

asciugare (wipe) + mani (hands) = asciugamani (towel).

And many other words.

In addition to the simplicity of word formation of such nouns, their ease lies in the fact that they are immutable, that is, the transition to the plural is grammatically displayed only by changing the article.

Why is it hard?

The subjunctive mood (congiuntivo), the use of which in Romance languages ​​is approximately functionally similar, presents difficulties for Russian speakers. Strongly (very strongly) generalizing, the subjunctive mood means that the information provided is either doubtful or emotionally colored. Sometimes Italians deliberately replace the subjunctive with the indicative in order to give their words more power and authenticity, but in doing so they make a grammatical error.

In practice, the use of the subjunctive means that you must always remember the appropriate forms of the verb when expressing hope, expectation, emotion, dissatisfaction, etc.

For example:

Information presented as fact:

Black car = L "auto e nere.

Now let's add a little "personality factor":

I think his car is black = Credo che la sua auto sia nera.

Both in the first phrase and in the second - 3 persons, singular. the number of the verb "to be", but as you can see, in the second version it has changed: it is not the fact that the car is really black, but only our opinion, that is, that we believe that it is black.

Complicating the situation with the use of the subjunctive is the fact that it is used in a huge number of the most used phraseological units, for example, after the words "although", "in order to", "in order to" and so on, and you need to get used to it, otherwise, the speech will not only be illiterate, but even "difficult to understand."

Why is it easy?

You study almost all other romantic languages ​​at the same time - they have such similar vocabulary. In addition, in learning Italian, knowing an English dictionary, which also contains many Latin elements, will be of great service to you.

Here are just a thousandth of such words:

Russian - English - Italian

allow - permit - permettere

stunning - splendid - splendido

huge - enorme

page - page - pagina

apartment - apartment - appartamento

terrible - terrible - terribile

accurate - accurate - accurato

casual - casual - casiale

diary - diary - diario

pen - pen - penna

powerful - potent - potente

and many, many other words.

What's even more interesting. In addition to vocabulary, you will also find a huge number of grammatical similarities - with other romantic languages. Their number is incalculable: from the most common to the conjugation of irregular verbs.

As you can see, learning Italian has several pitfalls, but the main thing is that, in general, it is not difficult and very interesting. Having mastered this language, you will be able to better appreciate, without exaggeration, the boundless richness of Italy's culture and history and, which is very important for me personally, understand the meaning of beautiful Italian songs and sing along with them. Success in your studies!

Learning Italian from scratch. Easily!

In this section you can find and download free Italian tutorials.

Book: Practical Italian course
Dobrovolskaya. Yu.A.
Chapter: language training
Type of: home tutor
Pages: 460
Year: 2006
Format: pdf
The size: 2.1 mb
Description: This electronic edition is addressed to both students and anyone who wants to learn the language. Exercises are full of turns of necessary speech, most texts abound with dialogues. which distinguishes the textbook as a practical guide to mastering the language.
Excellent classic textbook of classical Italian. Everything the diligent learner needs to master the language at the highest level.
The textbook material is presented in a clear, concise, accessible and concise manner. The book contains the necessary information on the history, geography, economy and culture of Italy. Much attention is paid to everyday vocabulary.

Book: Italian self-instruction manual. The fastest Italian.
Format: PDF
Number of pages: 130

The manual is intended for intensive teaching of the Italian language - oral speech, reading, understanding and communication. Covers vocabulary on 12 major everyday topics. Includes grammar information needed to communicate fluently in Italian. Contains country-specific information about Italy. Unlike many other textbooks, this one pays the most attention not to grammatical information, but to vocabulary - in the book you will find the most common words and expressions in the modern language that can be useful in practical situations, when communicating with native speakers, in work or travel trip, etc. Instead of traditional lessons, the textbook consists of twelve weeks, each of which consists of seven days, and the day is divided into morning, afternoon and evening. We recommend practicing every day: a quarter of an hour a day will be enough to begin to understand and speak Italian in three months. On the last day of each week, you will be offered exercises to consolidate the material covered during the week. Answers to the exercises are given in the section "Keys to the exercises"

If you have an idea to learn one of the most romantic and beautiful languages ​​in Europe, then you should not neglect it. Learning Italian is absolutely not difficult, the main thing is to know where to start and what to strive for. In this article, we will talk about the rules for learning Italian and their application.

Rule one: Take a test drive

A lot of material has been written about how to learn grammar, alphabet and vocabulary correctly, but almost no one pays attention to one obvious thing: you can only learn Italian well when you are imbued with this beautiful language. Almost every method of learning Italian quickly does not take into account your attitude to the language, it seems to imply that you are ready to give all your strength to learning and have a huge motivation to learn Italian. But, as practice shows, this is not always the case, and people begin to learn a language without even having an idea of ​​what it is, which often leads to disappointment and conclusions in the spirit: “I am not capable of languages.”

To avoid such devastating conclusions and deep disappointments, take the step of the horse: test drive the language. This means listening, watching and trying to speak (repeat) Italian for several weeks. Listen to Italian music, download audio lessons or try reading the Italian press with a translator. In 1-2 weeks you will not only have a basic understanding of the language, but also form your own opinion about Italian and be able to make a more informed and thoughtful decision about learning Italian.

A sure sign that you need to continue learning Italian is the pleasure and excitement you experience while learning. If after 2 weeks you have not lost your fuse and are still determined to learn Italian, then there is no need to put it off indefinitely - start learning on the same day.

Rule Two: Lay a Strong Foundation

Once you have decided and are ready to learn, it's time to talk about the order of learning. In the first couple, it is very easy to get confused and start developing something that is not what you need. Learning Italian, first of all, you need to start with the basics: the alphabet, the correct pronunciation of sounds and simple words and phrases. Conventionally, training can be divided into three stages:

1. Foundation: simple words, phrases, alphabet and pronunciation; minimal grammar.

2.Designs: great attention to vocabulary and grammar; gradual increase in hours of practice.

3. Finishing work: a lot of practice, work on the accent.

Why is it important to lay a strong foundation? Because without it you will not be able to learn Italian fully. The more responsibly you approach learning the basics of the language, the less problems you will have in the next steps. So, for example, if you pay enough attention to the pronunciation of Italian words, then it will be much easier for you in a live conversation. It's the same with grammar: the more you put into it, the less problems there will be with writing texts, letters, statements.

To form the foundations of the Italian language, I would recommend learning the language in the following sequence:

1.Alphabet and pronunciation of letters

2. Simple words and expressions

3. Greetings and other everyday phrases

As mentioned earlier, at this stage you do not need to climb into the jungle of grammar or learn 100 words on the topic “Work”, it is important to learn a minimum, but very high quality, since the rest of the study of the Italian language will be built on it.

Rule three: Don't skimp on designs

The most complex and costly, in terms of time, stage is the formation of structures. During this period, you must learn a huge number of different topics, link them with grammar and learn to apply it all in practice. Although the stage is difficult, it is he who decides how well you learn Italian.

On your own or with the help of a tutor / courses, but you will have to work very hard and very hard, since the construction period is a period of accumulating a critical amount of knowledge that will later help you to use the language fluently. Spare no effort and time to study Italian, be prepared that the language will take you all your free time: you will wake up and go to bed with it, you will go to work/study with it, and it will become your leisure time while studying.

But despite all the difficulties, the reward for this titanic work will not keep you waiting. And after 3-6 months you will already be able to correspond or even communicate on everyday topics with Italians. And in a year you will already speak and even think in Italian perfectly. It's like with a train: the most difficult thing is to move it, so don't skimp on building structures, devote yourself completely to learning the Italian language.

Rule Four: The facade must be beautiful

Strange as it may seem, but often people forget that there is the last stage in learning the Italian language - the development of communication experience and the correct accent. Many people think that learning Italian means knowing grammar and vocabulary, as well as being able to start and maintain a conversation, and it doesn’t matter how you speak, it is important that you are understood. It is very appropriate to compare this understanding of learning Italian with housing: you can live in a room where there are only walls and a roof, but it is much more pleasant and comfortable to live in an equipped, well-maintained house.

Same thing with language. It is not enough to learn all the rules and be well versed in Italian vocabulary, it is important to have a rich language base and not get lost in non-standard situations. And for that you need a lot of practice. The best way to do this is to go to Italy and live there. When you get a job, you will not only learn a lot of professional vocabulary, but also gain invaluable experience in solving non-standard tasks and a huge number of hours of language practice.

The complexity of this stage lies in the fact that in order to complete it and learn the Italian language for real, you need real actions related to changing the usual course of affairs, up to moving to Italy. After all, this is how you can use the maximum of the knowledge gained and get the maximum benefit. Even spending half a year in Italy will help you develop a huge number of non-standard situations, gain invaluable communication experience and even get rid of your accent (if you try hard).

Therefore, find an opportunity to go to this beautiful and romantic country for at least six months to consolidate all the knowledge and skills you have received. Take finishing work seriously and then you will be able to say with confidence: “I learned (a) Italian!”, and, however, it is not even necessary to say this: your speech will say it for you.

Good luck learning Italian and all the best!