Cyrillic and Glagolitic. At the origins of the word

Saints Methodius and Cyril created the Slavic alphabet and united the Slavs with a single script and a single faith of the Holy Orthodox. The holy educators brought us writing, translated the Divine Liturgy into the Slavic language, and thus laid the foundation for both Russian and all Slavic culture. That's why Equal-to-the-Apostles Methodius and Kirill by all Slavic peoples revered as their heavenly patrons.

The siblings Cyril and Methodius came from a pious family that lived in the Greek city of Thessalonica (in Macedonia). They were the children of the same governor, a Bulgarian Slav by birth. Saint Methodius was the eldest of the seven brothers, Saint Constantine (Cyril is his monastic name) was the youngest.

Saint Methodius at first served, like his father, in a military rank. The king, having learned about him as a good warrior, appointed him governor in one Slavic principality of Slavinia, which was under the Greek state. This happened at the special discretion of God and so that Methodius could better learn the Slavic language, as a future spiritual teacher and shepherd of the Slavs. Having stayed in the rank of governor for about 10 years and having known the vanity of life, Methodius began to dispose his will to renounce everything earthly and direct his thoughts to the heavenly. Leaving the province and all the pleasures of the world, he became a monk on Mount Olympus.
his brother Saint Constantine from his youth showed brilliant successes both in secular and in religious and moral education. He studied with the young Emperor Michael at the best teachers Constantinople, including Photius, the future Patriarch of Constantinople. Having received a brilliant education, he perfectly comprehended all the sciences of his time and many languages, he especially diligently studied the works of St. Gregory the Theologian, for which he received the title of Philosopher (wise). At the end of his teaching, Saint Constantine accepted the rank of priest and was appointed curator of the patriarchal library at the church of Saint Sophia. But, neglecting all the benefits of his position, he retired to one of the monasteries near the Black Sea.
Soon the emperor summoned both holy brothers from the monastery and sent them to the Khazars for the gospel sermon. On the way, they stopped for some time in the city of Korsun, preparing for a sermon.

Soon, ambassadors came to the emperor from the Moravian prince Rostislav, who was being oppressed by the German bishops, with a request to send teachers to Moravia who could preach in the native language of the Slavs. The emperor called Saint Constantine and said to him: "You must go there, for no one can do it better than you." Saint Constantine, with fasting and prayer, embarked on a new feat. With the help of his brother Saint Methodius and the disciples of Gorazd, Clement, Savva, Naum and Angelyar, he compiled the Slavic alphabet and translated into Slavonic the books, without which Divine services could not be performed: the Gospel, the Psalter and selected services. Some chroniclers report that the first words written in the Slavic language were the words of the Apostle the Evangelist John: “In the beginning there was (there was) the Word, and the Word was to God, and God was the Word.” This was in 963.

AT last years In his lifetime, Saint Methodius, with the help of two disciple-priests, translated into Slavonic the entire Old Testament, except for the Maccabean books, as well as the Nomocanon (Regulations of the Holy Fathers) and the patristic books (Paterik).

Cyril and Methodius to the Slavs
They brought writing as a gift,
Now holy God given,
We send a bow to the ground,
May it flourish for centuries
All Orthodox people
Children learn to read
Culture lives forever! ©

The gray-haired servants presented gifts,
Slavic scriptures, sacred works,
And in the holiness of patience, holy humility,
We were told writing in our native language.
So let the bright memory live in your soul,
For feats of conscience, and for the holy people.
For those who believed in God and laid down their souls.
So that you respect your language, and value your word. ©

... Shut up today! Take up reading
Studying the book from the inside!
Give priority to sounds
Letters (remember how many? Thirty-three)!
mother tongue fertility
Taste the ABC truth!
Happy Saints Cyril and Methodius Day,
Gave the writing of Russia! ©

Methodius and Cyril - brother -
priests saints
Cyrillic
The people were united.
Slavic culture
We took as a basis.
Appreciate your native language
So as not to perish the word! ©

There are no more significant discoveries for the Slavs,
Than what is more than 10 centuries ago,
Among other historical events,
Done brother Methodius, yes brother Cyril.
They left a treasure to the nations,
Treasure of Slavic languages,
Without them, we would not describe our kind,
Without them, we would not write poetry.
Let us honor the bright memory of these saints,
That will not be forgotten over the distance of many years,
If it were not for all their labors in the world,
We would not know the light of enlightenment! ©

Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers,
What writing managed to give us -
Methodius the elder, and Cyril,
A solid foundation has been laid,
Having created the Cyrillic alphabet, the structure
Slavic alphabet. culture,
Since then, blossoming for centuries,
Celebrated on the twentieth of May,
How Holy holiday. Well, Slavs
Let's celebrate this day
Each other, honoring the memory of brothers,
Let the pages rustle! ©

It all started with Cyril and Methodius...

Kirill(in the world Constantine, nicknamed the Philosopher, 827-869, Rome) and Methodius(in the world Michael; 815-885, Velegrad, Moravia), brothers from the city of Thessalonica (Thessaloniki), therefore also known as the "Thessalonica Brothers" - reformers of the Slavic alphabet and creators of the Church Slavonic language, preachers of Christianity.

Cyril and Methodius are canonized by the church and are revered as saints both in the East and in the West. In Slavic Orthodoxy, "Slovenian teachers" are revered as saints Equal-to-the-Apostles; the order adopted according to church customs is “Methodius and Cyril”, although “Cyril and Methodius” has long been established.

Glagolitic and Cyrillic

Konstantin was a very educated person for his time. It was he who first began translating books into Slavonic, without which Divine services could not be performed, incl. Gospel, Apostle and Psalter.

In 856, Constantine (Cyril), together with his disciples Clement, Naum and Angelarius, came to the monastery, where his brother Methodius was the abbot. In this monastery, a group of like-minded people (Gorazd, Clement, Savva, Naum, Angelyar) formed around Constantine and Methodius, and they had the idea of ​​creating a Slavic alphabet.

Cyril and Methodius initially did the titanic work of isolating the sounds of the Slavic language, that is, the main part of any work on creating a new script. Then, to write church texts in the Slavic language, they developed a special alphabet - Glagolitic.

The oldest surviving Glagolitic inscription with exact dating dates back to 893 and was made in the church of the Bulgarian Tsar Simeon in Preslav.

Cyrillic, in turn, was created on the basis of the Glagolitic alphabet and the Greek alphabet. Alphabets were created on the basis of the Cyrillic alphabet Belarusian language, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Ruthenian/dialect, Russian, Serbian, Ukrainian, Montenegrin.

Thanks to the activities of the brothers, the alphabet became widespread in the South Slavic lands, which led in 885 to the prohibition of its use in the church service by the pope, who fought against the results of the mission of Cyril and Methodius.

Wide use Slavic writing, its "golden age", refers to the reign of Tsar Simeon the Great in Bulgaria (893-927). At the end of the 10th century, it becomes the language of the church in Kievan Rus.

The Old Church Slavonic language, being the language of the church in Russia, was influenced by the Old Russian language. It was the Old Slavonic language of the Russian edition, as it included elements of living East Slavic speech.

history of the holiday

The history of the holiday has a whole millennium and dates back to church tradition that existed in Bulgaria in the X-XI centuries.

The earliest data on the celebration of the day of the Equal-to-the-Apostles Saints Cyril and Methodius on May 11 (May 24, according to the new style) date back to the 12th century, although they were recognized as saints at the end of the 9th century. Separately, the memory of St. Cyril is celebrated on February 14, St. Methodius - on April 6, on the days of their death.

The common feast of Saints Cyril and Methodius in the era of the Bulgarian Revival turned into a feast of the alphabet created by them.

In the old days, all Slavic peoples celebrated the day of remembrance of the holy brothers, but then, under the influence of historical and political circumstances, they began to forget about it. But in early XIX century, along with the revival of the Slavic peoples, they remembered the creators of Slavic writing.

In 1863, a decision was made in Russia to celebrate the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius on May 11 (May 24, according to the new style).

In 1863, the Russian Holy Governing Synod established the celebration of both saints annually on May 11 (according to julian calendar) "in memory of the accomplishment of the millennium from the initial consecration of our native language with the Gospel and the faith of Christ"

By a decree of the Holy Synod in 1885, the memory of May 11 was classified as an average holiday with a vigil. In 1901, the Synod decided to perform annually in churches with all educational institutions spiritual department solemn all-night vigil on the eve and the liturgy, followed by a prayer service to Methodius and Cyril on the very day of May 11, with the release of students from classes. By May 11 at church schools also coincided with the annual graduation act.

In mid-July 1869, in the century-old forest across the Tsemes River, Czech settlers who arrived in Novorossiysk founded the village of Mefodievka, which received the name in honor of St. Methodius.

The holiday in honor of Cyril and Methodius is a public holiday in Russia (since 1991), Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia and the Republic of Macedonia. In Russia, Bulgaria and the Republic of Macedonia, the holiday is celebrated on May 24; in Russia and Bulgaria it bears the name Day Slavic culture and writing, in Macedonia - the Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius. In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the holiday is celebrated on July 5th.

Day of Slavic Writing and Culture

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture (Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius) is the Russian name for the holiday.

AT Soviet time the communists did not want to celebrate at all church holidays, but it was also impossible to pass by such a significant event, therefore, in 1986, when the 1100th anniversary of the death of Methodius was celebrated, the day of May 24 was declared in the USSR "a holiday of Slavic culture and writing", and on January 30, 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR adopted resolution on the annual holding of the "Days of Slavic culture and writing".

At the same time, it was established that every year a new city became the capital of the holiday. locality Russia (except for 1989 and 1990, when the capitals were respectively Kyiv and Minsk, then still part of the USSR).

The development of this event is dedicated to the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture, which the entire Slavic world celebrates on May 24th. The event was held in MBOU "Kuzmichevskaya secondary school" on 24.05.2013. For students of grades 6, 8 and 10, the holiday left only positive impressions and intensified their interest in the Russian language and its history.

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Municipal budgetary educational institution

"Kuzmichevskaya secondary school"

At the origins of Slavic writing

To the day of Slavic writing

and culture

Prepared

teacher of Russian language and literature

Kolobrodova L.I.

Date: 05/24/2013

2013

Goals : developing a respectful attitude towards one's country, culture and history, mother tongue through awareness of oneself as a part of world culture

Introducing the younger generation to the culture and history of their country;

Formation of students' awareness of family ties with countries Slavic world;

Actualization of knowledge on the history of Slavic writing.

Tasks : 1) report on the exploits of Cyril and Methodius;

2) to acquaint students with the first alphabet using the example of individual letters, as well as "Alphabet Prayers";

3) explain the meaning of the concept of "Slavic world" and give an idea of ​​how the holiday is celebrated in these countries;

Equipment : posters (sayings about the language, "ABC prayers", "Map of the Slavic world", the exhibition "Monuments to the Saints" (Russia, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Czech Republic)), portraits of Cyril and Methodius, students' drawings about the feat, the alphabet, books (optional, perhaps a competition in elementary school for the best alphabet class, etc.), a presentation on the life and work of the saints, an excerpt from Patriarch Kirill’s 2011 congratulations on the holiday (connection with the roots, history, parting words to youth), holiday emblems, projector, computer, musical accompaniment.

Event progress

Teacher: Hello, hello, guests of today's holiday! Whole christianity May 24 marks the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. The friendly atmosphere, the decoration of the hall and the bewitching music of the harp will take us today to the ancestors of the Slavs, to the country where all Russian people came from. Today we will learn about great role two saints, Cyril and Methodius, who brought to our world a ray of faith and the opportunity to transmit knowledge through writing. Let this holiday in our hearts leave a place for the history of the past, without which, as you know, there is no future.

Our today's feast opens with a hymn to Saints Cyril and Methodius. I ask everyone to stand up. (Anthem sounds).

H: Every year on May 24, the Orthodox Church honors the holy apostles Cyril and Methodius, scientists and educators - after all, they created the first Slavic script in the world.

AND: The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture has a lot in common with the culture and religion of the Slavs: Cyril and Methodius were Orthodox Christians and monks. This way of life allowed them to make such a significant contribution to the history of the formation of Slavic culture.

H: Cyril and Methodius, during their lives and serving the Lord in a Greek monastery, developed and captured for centuries the Slavic alphabet, which allowed us to pass on knowledge and accumulated experience from generation to generation.

AND: Officially, today is not a day off, but events dedicated to this holiday are held in many cities of Russia and are not limited to one day.

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is the only church-state holiday in our country.

H: The Holy Equal-to-the-Apostles Brothers Cyril and Methodius, who brought writing to the Slavic land, thereby introduced the many millions of Slavic peoples to world civilization, world culture.

Biography

AND: The brothers Cyril and Methodius grew up in a noble family that lived in the Greek city of Thessalonica. Methodius was the eldest of seven brothers, Constantine was the youngest. Methodius was in a military rank and was the ruler in one of the subordinates Byzantine Empire Slavic principalities, Bulgarian, which gave him the opportunity to learn the Slavic language.

H: The future Slavic enlighteners received an excellent upbringing and education. Constantine from infancy showed extraordinary mental gifts. Studying at the Thessalonica school and not yet reaching the age of fifteen, he already read the books of the most thoughtful of the fathers of the Church of the 4th century - Gregory the Theologian.

AND: The rumor about the talent of Constantine reached Constantinople, and then he was taken to the court, where he studied with the emperor's son from the best teachers of the capital of Byzantium. With the famous scholar Photius, the future Patriarch of Constantinople, Konstantin studied ancient literature.

Constantine perfectly comprehended all the sciences of his time and many languages, having received for his mind and outstanding knowledge nickname Philosopher. He also comprehended philosophy, rhetoric, mathematics, astronomy and music.

H: A brilliant career at the imperial court and wealth awaited Constantine, but he preferred to retire to a monastery on Mount Olympus to Methodius, his brother, his biography tells, in order to constantly pray and engage in pious reflections.

However, Konstantin could not spend long periods of time in solitude. As the best preacher of the faith, the defender of Orthodoxy, he was often sent to neighboring countries to participate in disputes. These trips were very successful for Konstantin.

AND: The whole life of Konstantin was filled with frequent difficult, difficult trials and hard work. This undermined his strength: at the age of 42, he became very ill. Shortly before his death, he took monastic vows with the name Cyril and quietly died in 869.

It happened in Rome, when the brothers once again came to seek support from the Pope in their main business - the spread of Slavic writing. Before his death, Cyril told his brother: “You and I, like two oxen, led the same furrow. I am exhausted, but don’t you think to leave the work of teaching and retire to your mountain again.

Student: "Great day ..." F.I. Tyutchev

H : Methodius outlived his brother by 16 years. Enduring hardships and reproach, he continued the great work - translating the Holy Books into Slavonic, preaching Orthodox faith, baptism of the Slavic people. He left as his successor the best of his students, Archbishop Gorazd, and about two hundred Slavic priests trained by him.

A lot is told about the beginning of Slavic writing in the main Russian chronicle, The Tale of Bygone Years.

AND: It tells how once the Slavic princes Rostislav, Svyatopolk and Kotsel sent ambassadors to the Byzantine king Michael with the words: “Our land is baptized, but we do not have a teacher who would instruct and instruct us, and explained the holy books. For we know neither Greek nor Latin; some teach us in this way, and others in another way, because of this we do not know either the outline of the letters or their meaning. And send us teachers who could tell us about book words and their meaning. Then Tsar Michael summoned two learned brothers - Constantine and Methodius, and "the king persuaded them and sent them to the Slavic land ... When these brothers arrived, they began to compose the Slavic alphabet and translated the Apostle and the Gospel."

"And the Slavs were glad that they heard about the greatness of God in their own language."

H: Then the brothers translated the Psalter and other church books.

With the adoption of Christianity, the Slavic alphabet also came to Russia. And in Kyiv, and in Novgorod, and in other cities, schools began to be created for teaching Slavic literacy. Teachers from Bulgaria appeared in the Russian land - the successors of the work of Cyril and Methodius.

Readers 1, 3-7 (Grade 6)

1 reader:

Look back at our ancestors

On the heroes of the past.

remember them kind word -

Glory to them, tough fighters!

Glory to our side!

Glory to Russian antiquity!

And about this old

I'll start telling

So that people can know

About the affairs of the native land.

3rd reader

Across wide Russia - our mother

The bell ringing is spreading.

Now brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius

They are glorified for their work.

4th reader.

They remember Cyril and Methodius,

Brothers of the glorious Equal-to-the-Apostles,

In Belarus, in Macedonia,

In Poland, Czech Republic and Slovakia,

Praise the wise brothers in Bulgaria,

In Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia.

5th reader.

All nations that write in Cyrillic,

What are called from ancient times Slavic,

Praise the feat of the first teachers,

Christian educators.

6th reader.

Fair-haired and gray-eyed,

All bright in face and glorious in heart,

Drevlyans, Russians, meadows,

Tell me who are you?

All. We are Slavs!

7th reader.

Everyone is handsome with their article,

All different and all similar

You are now called - Russians,

Since ancient times, who are you?

All . We are Slavs!

Cyrillic

AND: Slavic writing was created in the 9th century, around 862.

The new alphabet was called "Cyrillic" after the name of the Byzantine Constantine, who, having taken monasticism, became Cyril. And his elder brother Methodius helped him in the charitable work of educating the Slavic peoples. Cyril created the Slavic alphabet based on the Greek, significantly changing it in order to convey the Slavic sound system.

H: Initially, there was a firm belief that only three languages ​​were worthy for worship and writing church books (Hebrew, Greek and Latin). After the introduction of the new alphabet by the brothers, the Pope approved the service in the Slavic language, and ordered the books translated by the brothers to be placed in Roman churches and to celebrate the liturgy in the Slavic language.

AND: Look closely at these Cyrillic letters. Do they remind you of familiar letters? (children's answers). Each letter in ancient Slavic alphabet was special. They had a name. Hear how it sounds ancient alphabet. (Reading individual letters). The names of the letters were supposed to remind people of such words that should not be forgotten: "good", "live", "earth", "people", "peace". Let these ancient letters now come to life with the help of our magic ABC.

Enter the letters Az and Buki

Az . Hello children! Guess what letter I am? That's right, my name is "Az". Name the words that start with me. The children are called.

Beeches . Now guess what my name is? That's right, my name is "Buki". Remember how much good words start with my letter. Name them. Now call us in order.

H: Let's name them in order. It turned out the word ... "ABC". You, dear letters, have a great honor to stand at the beginning of our alphabet. People say so: "First," az "and" beeches ", and then science." The path of each of you to the world of knowledge begins with the basics. Guys, remember the proverbs about the benefits of learning. Children name proverbs. And another letter is rushing towards us. Please introduce yourself!

AND: Let's continue our acquaintance with the Slavic alphabet.

Verb: Hello children! I am the letter "Verb".

AND: What do you have beautiful name! And what does it mean? What do you guys think? To speak means to speak. But before you speak, you need to think carefully. The people said: "You say - you will not turn back, and you would give dearly for a word, but you will not redeem." So you, dear "Verb", need to listen to the riddle, think and give the correct answer:

Patch on patch,

And not a single stitch. (cabbage.)

H: Look, another letter is rushing towards us!

Good . Good afternoon, children! My name is Good.

AND: What a good name you have! Kindness - best feature character of a person.

8-10 reader (grade 6)

8 dude.

It's not easy to be kind

Kindness does not depend on growth,

Kindness does not depend on color,

Kindness is not a gingerbread, not a candy.

9 dude.

You just have to be very kind.

To not forget each other in trouble.

And peoples will live together,

If we are kinder to you.

10 dude.

Kindness makes people happy

And in return does not require a reward.

Kindness never gets old

Kindness will warm you from the cold.

If kindness, like the sun shines,

Adults and children rejoice.

H: Meet, a new letter is coming to us!

Thinking . Hello children! My name is "Mislete"

AND: What a wise letter has come to us!

Think. I brought you riddles. Guess them.

I sat on the fence, sang and shouted,

And when everyone gathered, he took it and fell silent. (rooster).

One hundred and one brothers, all in one row

They stand together. (fence)

Rolled kolobok until he became a sock. (clew)

Three brothers went swimming

Two are swimming, the third is lying on the shore.

We bathed, went out, hung on the third. (buckets, rocker)

Four brothers run -

They will not catch up with each other: (wheels)

She was white and gray

Came green, young. (winter spring)

Well done boys! All riddles solved.

H: According to well-established folk ideas, Cyril and Methodius are two diamonds, two falcons, two clean lives. in lives and words of praise it is said that the Thessalonica brothers are "an eternal root, which is honest and popular." 44 sister letters look at you from this ancient scroll and invite you to further acquaintance.

11 readers to 16 (grade 6)

11 dude.

Letter to letter - there will be a word,

Word for word - the speech is ready.

And melodious and slender,

She sounds like music.

12 dude.

Let us glorify these letters!

Let them come to the children

And be famous

Our Slavic alphabet!

13 dude.

We faithfully serve the Fatherland,

You are one of the sons.

Grow so that you are needed

Dear to your Motherland!

14 dude.

A reward awaits you for your work -

A beautiful goal in the distance

But you have to look

On the path that we have traveled.

15 dude.

There is nothing better, more beautiful

Dear Motherland of yours!

Look back at our ancestors

On the heroes of the past!

16 dude.

Remember them with a kind word -

Glory to them, the fighters are harsh,

Glory to our side!

Glory to the Russian

antiquity.

AND: The Slavic alphabet existed in Russia unchanged for more than seven centuries. Its creators tried to make each letter of the first Russian alphabet simple and clear, easy to write. They remembered that the letters should also be beautiful, so that a person who barely saw them would immediately want to master the letter. The alphabet of Cyril and Methodius amazes us with its simplicity and convenience.

H: Only in Peter's time, it was necessary to make changes to the alphabet.

A military man in a cocked hat enters the stage

Military: Lord! The royal decree ordered to simplify the spelling and cancel the letters "yus small", "yus big", "ksi", "psi", "zelo", "omega", which have become a burden in the Russian alphabet.

He removes the named letters from the stand, goes backstage, and then returns.

AND: In the second half of the 18th century, the Russian alphabet was replenished with new letters that were not in the Slavic alphabet.

Military: These are the letters Y and Y.

Attaches cards with these letters to the stand and leaves

H: At the beginning of the 20th century, a need arose in Russia to simplify the alphabet and spelling. Such a reform was carried out in 1918.

A girl in a leather jacket and a red scarf appears on the stage.

Young woman: Comrades! By decree of the People's Commissar of Education, the letters are abolished: "and decimal", "yat", "fita", "izhitsa", and the letter "er" at the end of words

Approaches the stand, removes obsolete letters alphabet.

history of the holiday

AND: Even in the old days, the Slavic peoples celebrated the memory of the holy brothers, however, later, the celebration was forgotten, under the influence of various historical and political circumstances. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, there was a revival of the Slavic peoples, and at the same time the memory of the Slavic first teachers was also renewed. And in 1863 in Russia, a resolution was adopted to celebrate the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius on May 11 (May 24, according to the new style).

The idea of ​​resuming the nationwide, public celebration of the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius and the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture in Russia was born in 1985.

H: The works of these great enlighteners became the common property of all Slavs, laid the foundation for their moral and mental development. So great is the merit of the brothers Cyril and Methodius in the history of enlightenment and upliftment common culture Slavic peoples.

Year after year, our cultures enriched and complemented each other, the spiritual and cultural community, which gave the world outstanding scientists, figures of literature and art.

AND: In Russia, since 1991, state and public organizations, together with the Russian Orthodox Church, began to hold the Days of Slavic writing and culture.

The celebration does not have any once and for all approved scenario. Typical events over the 30 years of holding the Days in Russia have become scientific symposiums or conferences devoted to the problems of culture, civilization, the Slavic world, as well as concerts, meetings with writers and poets in parks, gardens, libraries, houses of culture and thematic shows feature films, and exhibitions, competitions and festivals.

H: Days of Slavic writing and culture also include divine liturgies, religious processions, children's pilgrimage missions to the monasteries of Russia.

Today we have the opportunity to visit the celebration in absentia in the capital and hear part of the congratulatory speech of Patriarch Kirill.

Video "Congratulations from Patriarch Kirill, 2011" (06:20).

8th grade. Composition "I saw a celebration for the glory of the language" (D. Kugultinov. Ode to the Bulgarian language.)

Teacher : Today is considered a holiday of Slavic writing and culture. All of us, Russians, Slavs, must remember our roots, promote our Russian culture, honor traditions. Today the holiday is coming to an end, but I really hope that similar meetings become a tradition in our home school. Thanks everyone!

Methodological materials for holding the Days of Slavic Literature and Culture

1. Believe!: Method. recommendations for the days of the Slavs. culture and writing in the library: Sprav.-inform. program / Region wt. international b-ka. - Yekaterinburg, 1994. - 24 p.
2. Library panorama: People. Developments. Data. An experience. Ideas. Forecasts. / NB im. A.S. Pushkin Rep. Mordovia. - Saransk, 1998 - Issue. 3 (4). - 45 s.
3. Verb good!: By the Day of the Slavs. writing and culture: Scenario of the Day of bibliography for youth / Bezhanitskaya CLS; Method.-bibliographer. Department. - Bezhanitsy, 1999. - 11 p. - Bibliography: p. eleven.
4. Glinskaya I.L. Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius / I.L. Glinskaya // Culturology: Digest. - 1999. - S. 253-258
5. Day of Slavic Literature and Culture: Method.-bibliogr. materials to help the librarian / Sakhalin. region scientific library, IBO, SNIKI; Comp. L.V. Podychan - Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 1991. - 8 p.
6. [Days of Slavic Literature and Culture] // Art. - 1997. - No. 18.
   The entire room is dedicated to the Slavs. culture.
7. Zhuravsky V. Gift of Cyril and Methodius / V. Zhuravsky // Echo of the Planet. - 1992. - No. 19/20. - S. 30-35.
8. "AND eternal light...": Slavic Enlighteners - Cyril and Methodius: Material for the Day of Slavonic Literature and Culture / Pskov Region Youth Library - Pskov, 1999. - 4 p. - Bibliogr: P.3.
9. ... And they wrote with both features and cuts ...: Mag. runes of the Slavs: [Did the Slavs have written language before Cyril and Methodius] // Science and Religion. - 1993. - No. 11. - S. 36-39.
10. To the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture: Method. allowance / Komi rep. b-ka; Komi Republic det. b-ka. - Syktyvkar, 1992. - 10 p.
11. Klimov E.N. Bequeathed for centuries: (Recommendations for the Days of Slavonic Literature and Culture) / Perm. cultural fund. People's Council holiday culture, Perm. Slavs. cult. center, Perm. state. Institute of Arts and Culture. - Perm, 1994. - 17 p.
12. Krogngauz M. Where did the Slavic writing come from: [From the history of the activities of the Slavic first teachers] / M. Krongauz // Russian language (September 1st). - 1997. - No. 20. - S. 1-4.
13. Lavrov A. "The Light of Book Understanding": In 863, the brothers Cyril and Methodius created the Slavic alphabet / A. Lavrov // Library. 1993. - No. 10. - S. 60-61.
14. Lyzhova L.K. Holiday of Slavic culture and writing: [Materials for oral journal] / L.K. Lyzhova // Russian language at school. - 1995. - No. 2. - S. 65-71.
15. Malaya N. Treasures of the green chest / N. Malaya // Education of schoolchildren. - 2001. - No. 2. - S. 64-68.
    

The Day of Slavic Writing and Culture is a holiday that calls to pay tribute to the Slavic writing, the customs of our ancestors and honor the memory of the creators of the Slavic alphabets Cyril and Methodius. Celebrated May 24th.

Why is this holiday important?

The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is not celebrated in the same way as New Year or March 8th. And in general, only schoolchildren, teachers of language and literature, librarians and some officials know and remember about it.

However, the emergence of our own writing system plays a big role for us. It doesn't matter what language we write in - Ukrainian or Russian, they are both created on the basis of Slavic alphabet Cyrillic.

Cyril and Methodius did great job, giving the sounds of the Slavic language a graphic form. Thanks to their work, knowledge and translations of church books began to spread, which until then were available only in foreign languages. The creation of the Slavic writing system gave impetus to the development literary language and book publishing among many peoples.

The history of the holiday

In ancient times, this holiday was celebrated by all Slavic peoples. But over time, as a result of various historical and political events, it was no longer celebrated. At first, Cyril and Methodius were venerated only by churches, as saints Equal to the Apostles who contributed huge contribution in the development of Christianity.

The celebration of the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture was resumed Slavic countries in different time: Czechs - in the XIV century, other peoples around the XIX century. In Ukraine, the event was legalized in 2004, although back in the 19th century the Cyril and Methodius Brotherhood reminded of the role of Cyril and Methodius in the development of culture and education in Kievan Rus.

How the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is celebrated

In addition to Ukraine, this holiday is celebrated by 8 more countries: Belarus, Bulgaria, Serbia, Macedonia, Russia, Montenegro, Czech Republic and Slovakia.

On this day, educational institutions and libraries hold various events: laying flowers at the monument to Cyril and Methodius, talks, conferences, quizzes and concerts.

In Bulgaria, this is a national event. There, citizens hung wreaths of fresh flowers on the portraits of Saints Equal-to-the-Apostles and commemorate their anthem. Pass book fairs and fairs.

After the accession of Bulgaria to the EU, the Cyrillic alphabet was accepted into the ranks of its official alphabets.

Traditionally, linguists, writers, librarians, and writers pay great attention to this date.

Interesting facts about Cyril, Methodius and Slavic writing

1) The Cyrillic alphabet was created on the basis of the Greek alphabet and consisted of 43 letters: 24 Greek and 19 special signs to indicate the sound features of the Slavic language.

2) It is still not known exactly which of the alphabets was created first: Cyrillic or Glagolitic. Many scholars believe that Cyril created only the Glagolitic alphabet, while the Cyrillic alphabet was written later by Methodius or the brothers' students.

3) Methodius outlived his brother by 16 years. The location of his grave is not known.

4) It is believed that the Glagolitic and Proto-Cyrillic alphabet existed even before the birth of the Equal-to-the-Apostles saints. The first was used for church services, and the second was used in everyday life. Therefore, the Glagolitic alphabet has more complex and refined letters than the Cyrillic alphabet. The Glagolitic alphabet retained its original form, while Cyril changed the Proto-Cyrillic alphabet.

5) Due to the lack of writing, the memory of ancient people was better developed than that of modern people. This is due to the fact that our ancestors had to memorize a large amount of information.

6) Among the Slavs, writing and reading books had a magical meaning and was perceived as a sacred act. They believed that the use of the sacred alphabet (Glagolitic) in Everyday life leads to the loss of her magical abilities.

Cyrillic alphabets do not serve everyone Slavic languages. Poland, Slovakia, the Czech Republic and Slovenia switched to the Latin alphabet a long time ago.In such non-Slavic countries as Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, the peoples of the North, the Caucasus, Buryatia, Bashkiria, Kalmykia and a number of other nationalities use the Cyrillic alphabet.