Cunning animals.
If they can't hide.
Give an example when the exact fulfillment of conditions by an employee employment contract led to the madness of the employer.
What was the name of the street along which K. I. Chukovsky walked in 1921, when he wrote his famous fairy tale about Dr. Aibolit?
How many times did the old man go to the seashore in A.S. Pushkin?
What event brings a bunny closer to a gray goat?
This creature, with the help of a blacksmith, made himself surgical operation, which influenced his vocal abilities and contributed to the implementation of insidious plans. Name a hero.
Why did Hassan Abdurakhman ibn Khattab wear only slippers at the age of 3733?
According to Alice, from a bite - they bite, from an onion - they are cunning, mustard - they are upset, but what, in her opinion, do they get better?
The Poles called her Edzina, the Czechs - Jezinka, the Slovaks - Jerzy Baba, but what do we call her?
Who led the expedition, whose goal was an island off the coast of Tanzania, a desert in South and North Africa and high ground in equatorial Guinea?
Continue the row: first mattress, second mattress ..., twelfth mattress, first duvet, second duvet ..., twelfth duvet ...?
What common household item replaced the heroes of Russian fairy tales with both a map and a compass?
What was the name of the fragile but strong-willed girl who rejected three applicants for her hand and nevertheless married a noble southerner?
What textile product, according to the intention of its manufacturers, was supposed to be a test of professional suitability and intelligence, but served as a test of honesty?
AT Ancient Egypt in her image they represented the goddess of fertility, sending rains to people, the Chinese believed that she falls from the sky along with dew, and the Hindus revered on a par with cows. In myths different peoples she is a messenger underworld and commands water and rain. Who does she become in the end when she gets into Russian fairy tales?
What did the queen say, sitting in front of the magic mirror?
What words does "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" begin with?
How does The Tale of the Golden Cockerel end?
Paying with Balda, the priest turned his forehead. What did Balda say?
What letter instead of the present was sent to Tsar Saltan by a weaver and a cook?
Who spent 28 years on a desert island?
He was shipwrecked and taken prisoner by the Lilliputians. Who is it?
At the end of the 18th century, a book was published called “If it’s not nice - don’t listen, but don’t interfere with lying.” What is it called now?
He turned the wolf inside out, pulled himself out of the swamp by the pigtail of his wig, flew on the core, visited the moon.
Who sang the song
In my head sawdust, yeah-yeah-yeah?
26. What is the name of the girl who got into the looking glass?
27. What was the name of the three piglets?
28. What fairy tale tells about how the hare became homeless, and the red-haired cheat took possession of all the hare's property and only the intervention of a third party helped restore justice?
29. What fairy tale tells about a unique sports competition in high jump among males, where a valuable prize awaited the winner - a kiss from a princess and marriage to her?
30. What fairy tale tells about an unusual marriage between a man and a creature from the class of amphibians, which entailed severe trials for both parties?
31. What fairy tale tells about the concert of one original musical group that scared the whole gang of robbers to death?
32. What is the attribute of a fairy?
33. What are the banks of the milky river?
34. What poisoned fruit did the witch give Snow White?
35. What did the animals from the fairy tale by K. Chukovsky chew before meeting with the cockroach?
36. What animal was advised to take Uncle Styopa to the zoo?
37. What kind of queen was the fatal maiden from Pushkin's "Golden Cockerel"?
Answers.
gnomes
The tale of the priest and his worker Balda
Barmaleevskaya
6 times: 1 himself and 5 times he was sent by an old woman
both died
wolf from the fairy tale "The wolf and the seven kids"
he had 2000 year old calluses
from muffin
Baba Yaga
Dr. Aibolit
pea
ball of thread
Thumbelina
dress for the king ("Naked King")
princess (frog)
My light, mirror, tell me
Yal in the world is sweeter than all,
All blush and whiter?
Three maidens by the window
The tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it,
You would not chase the pop for cheapness.
The queen gave birth in the night
Not a mouse, not a frog
And an unknown animal.
21. Robinson
22. Gulliver
23. Adventures of Baron Munchausen
24. Munchausen
25. Winnie the Pooh
27. Nif-Nif, Naf-Naf, Nuf-Nuf
28. hare hut
29. Sivka-Burka
30. Frog Princess
31. Bremen town musicians
32. Magic wand
33 jelly
34. apple
35. gingerbread
Municipal educational institution
Royal secondary school.
Zharkovsky district of the Tver region
Literary game
« Through the pages of your favorite fairy tales»
prepared
teacher of Russian language and literature
Matveeva Natalya Yurievna
P.Novoselki
2014
2 teams are formed. They take turns choosing any question from any topic and answering it. For the correct answer 2 points, if not answered, you can pass the word to another team. (questions hidden and numbered)
You can make the "Prize" sector, skipping a move or other combinations (if painted in different colors)
This is what the scoreboard looks like.
THE BEGINNING OF A FAIRY TALE
FABULOUS LUNCH
LETTER FROM A FAIRY TALE
HEROES OF FAIRY TALE
FABULOUS CONCERT
Questions for choosing players.
Name those. Who with the first rays of the sun turns into stone. If you can't hide. (gnomes)
This creature, with the help of a blacksmith, performed a surgical operation on himself, which affected his vocal abilities and contributed to the implementation of insidious plans. Name the villain. (wolf from the fairy tale "The Wolf and the Seven Kids")
What common household item replaced both the map and the compass for the heroes of Russian fairy tales? (ball of thread)
what textile product, according to the intention of its manufacturers, was supposed to be a test of professional suitability and intelligence, but served as a test of honesty? (dress for the king "Naked King")
Which fairy tale speaks of an unusual marriage between a man and an amphibian, which entailed severe trials for both parties? (Princess Frog)
What fairy tale tells about the concert of one original creature of a musical group, who scared the whole gang of robbers to death? (The Bremen Town Musicians)
Who led the expedition, whose goal was an island off the coast of Tanzania, a desert in South and North Africa, and a highland in Equatorial Guinea? (Dr. Aibolit)
There are 2 teams of 3 players.
Game with spectators
1. In one Finnish fairy tale, three animals are mentioned: “the one who is listened to”, “the one who is amazed”, “the one who is being chased”. The last two are a frog and a squirrel. Name the first animal. (cuckoo)
2. According to legend, there is a copper pillar with two animals above the Egyptian city of Borsa. When enemies approach the city, the ram turns in their direction, and what is the other figure shouting? (crow)
3. 2 years 8 months and 27 days she was threatened the death penalty. Being imprisoned, she gave birth to three children and only after that was pardoned. Call it worldwide famous name. (Schehrazade)
The game with the audience can be played in the form of a “Field-wonders” (open by letter)
WHO LIVES IN TEREM?
In front of him is a hut with a light With a white brick chimney, With oak wood gates (The hut of the greedy old woman - A.S. Pushkin. "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish") | |
An island in the sea lies, a city stands on the island With golden-domed churches, with towers and gardens; Spruce grows in front of the palace, And below it is a crystal house. (Buyan Island, Principality of Gvidon - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan") | In a bright room; around Shops covered with carpet, Under the saints is an oak table, Stove with tiled bench (Terem of the Seven Bogatyrs - A.S. Pushkin “The Tale of dead princess and seven heroes") |
in the royal chambers. In the palaces of the princes. AT high tower the princess adorned. What a life she had, what freedom, what luxury, but she never smiled. (Russian folk tale "Princess Nesmeyana") | All sides are pitted Palisades driven into the ribs, Cheese-boron makes noise on the tail, The village stands on the back; Men plow on their lips The boys are dancing between the eyes. (village on the back of the Fish-Whale, Kit Kitovich - P.P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse") |
THE BEGINNING OF A FAIRY TALE
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived an old man and an old woman, and they had three sons. The youngest was called Ivanushka. They lived without laziness, worked all day long, plowed arable land and sowed bread. (Russian folk tale "Ivan - peasant son and miracle Yudo") | |
Beyond the mountains, beyond the forests Beyond the wide seas, against the sky - on earth An old man lived in a village. (P.P. Ershov "Humpbacked Horse") | Nowhere. AT distant kingdom, In the thirtieth state, Once upon a time there was a glorious king Dadon, From a young age he was formidable And the neighbors every now and then He took offense boldly. (A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel") |
The miller lived. He lived. He lived and died, leaving his sons a windmill, a donkey and a cat. ("Puss in Boots") | What words does "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" begin with? (Three maidens by the window Spinning late in the evening) |
FABULOUS LUNCH
I baked a loaf - loose and soft. Decorated the loaf with various intricate patterns; on the sides of the city with palaces, gardens and towers, flying birds above, roaring animals below. (Vasilisa the Wise for the Tsar - Russian folk tale "The Frog Princess") | |
Seated in a corner They brought a pie Pour a glass full Served on a tray From green wine She denied The pie just broke And took a bite. (Seven heroes - the princess - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Heroes") | Eat my rye pie. - I will not eat rye pie! My father doesn't eat wheat either. (stove for a girl - Russian folk tale "Geese-swans") |
Well, pour wine into the trough And mix millet with wine. (Ivan - to the Firebirds - P.P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse") | What did the animals chew from the fairy tale by K.I. Chukovsky before meeting with a cockroach? (Gingerbread) |
LETTER FROM A FAIRY TALE
I am not your master, but an obedient slave. You are my lady. And everything that comes to your mind, I will perform with pleasure. (Beast of the forest. Miracle of the sea - to the girl. Merchant's daughter - S.T. Aksakov " The Scarlet Flower») | |
A wonderful house is being built in our city. Its height is ten floors. Width - 50 steps. Length too. 10 crocodiles work at a construction site. 10 giraffes, 10 monkeys and 10 A's. (A correspondent in a newspaper exaggerating everything 10 times to the residents of the city - E.N. Uspensky "Crocodile Gena and his friends") | The grass is green, the sun is shining, and spring flowers are blooming in our royal forests. Therefore, I most mercifully command that a full basket of snowdrops be delivered to the palace by the New Year ... (royal decree, which the professor writes under the dictation of the queen - S.Ya. Marshak "Twelve months") |
What letter instead of the present was sent to Tsar Saltan by a weaver and a cook. (the queen gave birth on the night Not a son, not a daughter Not a mouse, not a frog And an unknown animal) |
|
HEROES OF FAIRY TALE
On the azure dress - frequent stars. There is a clear moon on my head, such a beauty - you can’t think of it, you can’t think of it, just say it in a fairy tale. (Vasilisa the Wise - Russian folk tale "The Frog Princess") | |
R the arms are crooked, the claws of an animal are on the hands, the legs are horselike, in front and behind there are great camel humps, all shaggy from top to bottom, boar tusks protrude from the mouth, a hooked nose, like a golden eagle, and eyes were owls. (The beast of the forest, the miracle of the sea - S.T. Aksakov "The Scarlet Flower") | This one is not pretty at all: And pale and thin, Tea, three inches in girth; And the leg is a leg! Ugh you! Like a chicken. (The Tsar Maiden - P.P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse") |
He wore a bright blue hat, yellow canary trousers, and an orange shirt with a green tie. He generally liked bright colors. (Dunno - N.N. Nosov "The Adventures of Dunno and his friends") | From behind the cardboard tree appeared little man, in a long white shirt with long sleeves. His face was sprinkled with powder. White as tooth powder. He bowed to the honorable audience and said: "Hello, my name is ..." (Pierrot - A.N. Tolstoy "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio") |
FABULOUS CONCERT
I left my grandmother I left my grandfather I left the rabbit I left the wolf Walked away from the bear And from you, fox, Easy, leave. (Gingerbread Man - Russian folk tale "Gingerbread Man") | |
At least you'll get around half a set You won't find a better home. No animal in the world cunning beast, scary beast, Will not open this door. (Piglets - S.V. Mikhalkov "Three Little Pigs") | Polka bird dancing On the lawn at an early hour. Tail to the left, nose to the right This is the polka Karabas. (Puppets of the Karabas Theater - A.N. Tolstoy "The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio") |
Listen to the song and say who sings it. (Turtle Tortilla - A.N. Tolstoy "The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio")) | Who and in what fairy tale “with honesty in front of all the people” sings the song “Is it in the garden in the city” (Squirrel - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan") |
Questions collected by me many years ago, so the sources are unknown.
It is known that bears mark trees - they scratch the bark with their claws or teeth, rub their backs against the trunks, leaving tufts of hair on them. There are several interpretations of the reasons for such behavior of animals. Some scientists believe that scratching on tree trunks helps animals get rid of ticks and fleas, there is a version that by wiping resin from a tree with its skin, the bear thereby escapes from mosquitoes and midges. Other researchers believe that bears need to grind their regrown claws after a long winter sleep, in addition, it is believed that animals gnaw bark in order to extract tree sap and edible bast. However, the most common answer to this question is the version according to which the animal thus marks its site, the area where it feels like a master.
Usually, bear marks are located next to clearings, paths or roads, along banks and ravines, that is, on the paths along which the owner of the taiga himself walks. Most often clubfoot mark coniferous trees. According to the observations of hunters, marking is carried out as follows: the animal urinates abundantly on the ground at the roots of the tree, after which it begins to roll intensively and rub against the wet ground. Having properly wallowed, the bear stands on its hind legs and rubs against the tree trunk, first with its chest, and then with its entire back and nape, while it lifts its front paws above its head and wraps them around the trunk, leaving characteristic traces (badass). Often animals make so-called snacks - they tear out whole pieces of bark with their teeth.
Interestingly, the nature of the marks left differs geographically. Bears living in the European part of Russia prefer to leave snacks, and bullies are more typical for animals living in the Asian part of the country.
The marking activity of the owners of the forest occurs mainly during the rut period (spring - early summer), when each male actively marks his site and protects it from the intrusion of strangers. Later, in search of food, the animals disperse much wider than their territories and treat each other more tolerantly. In places where there is a lot of food, for example, on the banks of spawning rivers, you can meet up to a dozen peacefully feeding bears at the same time. In autumn, the places of marks are usually overgrown with grass, and the marks themselves are not updated.
The clubfoot also has another type of marks - carded trees. The coat of brown bears changes once a year, after hibernation. Therefore, in the spring you can often see trees with tufts of wool - these bears were “combed” after leaving the den, usually in males such combed trees are also territorially marking.
Updated: 26/02/2013The very emergence of children's poetry in Russia and its further flourishing in the USSR are inextricably linked with the name of Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky. Even against the background of such talents as S. Marshak and A. Barto, he still continues to rise as a huge native block. I think any of you will easily continue lines such as:
"The bears were driving -—";
“How glad I am, how glad I am that ——“;
“Who is speaking? - Elephant. - Where? — ——“;
"And the pillow, like——";
"Fly, Fly-Tsokotuha -—";
"Little children, no way in the world——";
“Oh, this is not an easy job———“.
If you can’t, then you grew up at some other time in some other country.
Korney Ivanovich Chukovsky (1882-1969).
Chukovsky criticizes
“We feel sorry for grandfather Korney:
Compared to us, he lagged behind,
Since in childhood "Barmaleya"
And "Crocodile" did not read,
Did not admire the "Telephone",
And I didn’t delve into the “Cockroach”.
How did he grow up to be such a scientist,
Not knowing the most important books?
(V. Berestov)
The glory of an exclusively children's writer sometimes annoyed Chukovsky.
K. Chukovsky:
“I wrote twelve books, and no one paid any attention to them. But once I wrote jokingly "Crocodile", and I became famous writer. I'm afraid that "Crocodile" knows by heart the whole of Russia. I'm afraid that on my monument, when I die, "Author of Crocodile" will be inscribed. And how diligently, with what difficulty I wrote my other books, for example, Nekrasov as an Artist, The Poet's Wife, Walt Whitman, The Futurists, and so on. How many worries about style, composition and many other things that critics usually do not care about! Every critical article for me is a work of art (perhaps bad, but art!), and when I wrote, for example, my article "Nat Pinkerton", it seemed to me that I was writing a poem. But who remembers and knows such articles! Another thing is Crocodile. Miserere.
“People ... when they met me were friendly, but not a single one knew that, apart from children's books and From 2 to 5, I had written at least something else. "Are you not only children's writer? It turns out that I am for all 70 years literary work wrote only five or six Moidodyrov. Moreover, the book "From 2 to 5" was perceived as a collection of jokes about funny children's speech.
Once A. Voznesensky very aptly expressed himself about Chukovsky: “He lived, as it seemed to us, always - L. Andreev, Vrubel, Merezhkovsky bowed to him ...”. And indeed, when you first get acquainted with the biography of the "storyteller", you are invariably amazed that by the turning point in 1917, he was already an accomplished 35-year-old father of the family and a renowned literary critic. This career was not easy for him.
Born March 31, 1882 out of wedlock (father's name is still unknown), Kolya Korneichukov will suffer all his life from the stigma of "illegitimate" and at the first opportunity will turn his mother's surname into the sonorous pseudonym "Korney-Chuk<овский>". Poverty will be added to this, and in the 5th grade the boy will also be expelled from the Odessa gymnasium according to the so-called. "the law on cook's children", designed to clear educational institutions from children of "low birth". English language Kolya will learn it on his own, from an old textbook, where pages with pronunciation will be torn out. Therefore, when, after a while, the budding journalist Chukovsky is sent as a correspondent to England, at first he will not understand a word from colloquial speech.
Chukovsky's interests were not limited to criticism. He translated "Tom Sawyer" and "The Prince and the Pauper" by M. Twain, many fairy tales by R. Kipling, short stories by O. Henry, stories by A. Conan Doyle, plays by O. Wilde, poems by W. Whitman and English folklore. It was in his retellings that we met in childhood with "Robinson Crusoe" and "Baron Munchausen". It was Chukovsky who made the literary environment see in Nekrasov's poems not just civil journalism, but also high poetry, prepared and edited the first complete collection writings of this poet.
K. Chukovsky in his office in Finnish Kuokkala (1910s). Photo by K. Bull.
But if not everyone pays attention to critical articles and the names of translators, then fairy tales, one way or another, are listened to by everyone, because everyone is a child. Let's talk about fairy tales.
Of course, one cannot literally say that there was no children's poetry before the revolution. At the same time, we will immediately make a reservation that neither Pushkin's fairy tales, nor Yershov's The Little Humpbacked Horse were addressed to children, although they were loved by them. The rest, so to speak, "creativity" is perfectly illustrated by Sasha Cherny's satirical poem of 1910:
"Lady, swinging on a branch,
Pikala: “Dear children!
The sun kissed the bush,
The bird straightened the bust
And, hugging a chamomile,
Eats semolina porridge ... "
All these lifeless refined rhymes of children's poets were mercilessly smashed at that time by Chukovsky (whose criticism in general was often very harsh, caustic and even poisonous). Later, he recalled how, after one of the articles about the idol of pre-revolutionary girls, Lydia Charskaya, the shopkeeper's daughter refused to sell him a box of matches. But Chukovsky was convinced that children consume this squalor only because of the lack of high-quality children's poetry. And it can only be of high quality when it is approached with the standards of adult poetry. With only one important caveat - children's poems should take into account the peculiarities of the child's psyche and perception.
Chukovsky's criticism was good, but good children's poems never appeared from her. In 1913-14. Korney Ivanovich was even offered to head a magazine for children, but then he was completely captured by work on Nekrasov and refused. And two years later, as if out of nothing, appeared "Crocodile".
"And behind him is the people
And sings and yells:
- Here's a freak so freak!
What a nose, what a mouth!
And where does such a monster come from?
(Fig. F. Lemkuhl. "Murzilka" 1966)
"Crocodile" goes to Nevsky...
“You strictly judged Charskaya.
But then "Crocodile" was born,
Perky, noisy, energetic, -
Not a fruit pampered, hothouse, -
And this fierce crocodile
Swallowed all the angels
In our children's library,
Where it often smelled of semolina ... "
(S. Marshak)
The history of the creation of this fairy tale is pretty confused and confused, not without the help of the author himself. Particularly curious I refer to the remarkable work of M. Petrovsky "Crocodile in Petrograd". I will retell this story briefly.
So, according to some memoirs of Chukovsky, he read the first sketches of "Crocodile" back in 1915 "at the Bestuzhev courses." According to others, the idea to write a work for children was thrown to him by M. Gorky in the autumn of 1916, saying:
“Here you are scolding hypocrites and scoundrels who create books for children. But cursing won't help. Imagine that these hypocrites and scoundrels have already been destroyed by you - what will you give the child in return? Now one good children's book will do more good than a dozen polemical articles ... Here, write long story, if possible in verse, like "The Little Humpbacked Horse", only, of course, from modern life.
This version is confirmed by the following statement by Chukovsky:
“They said, for example, that here (in Crocodile - S.K.) the campaign of General Kornilov is depicted with frank sympathy, although I wrote this tale in 1916 (for the Gorky publishing house Parus). And people are still alive who remember how I read it to Gorky - long before the Kornilov region.
And, finally, according to the third version, it all started with an improvised versification for a little sick son.
K. Chukovsky:
“... it so happened that my little son fell ill, and it was necessary to tell him a fairy tale. He fell ill in the city of Helsinki, I took him home on the train, he was naughty, cried, moaned. In order to somehow calm his pain, I began to tell him to the rhythmic rumble of a running train:
lived and was
Crocodile.
He walked the streets...The verses spoke for themselves. I didn't care at all about their shape. And in general, I didn’t think for a minute that they had anything to do with art. My only concern was to divert the attention of the child from the attacks of the disease that tormented him. Therefore, I was in a terrible hurry: there was no time to think, pick up epithets, look for rhymes, it was impossible to stop even for a moment. The whole bet was on speed, on the fastest alternation of events and images, so that the sick little boy did not have time to moan or cry. Therefore, I chattered like a shaman ... ".
Be that as it may, it is reliably known that the first part of the Crocodile was already completed by the end of 1916. And, although the fairy tale did not carry any propagandistic or political meaning, the realities of the time were still woven into it - the First World War and the last years of the bourgeois world.
ill. V. Konashevich.
The very “appearance” of the Crocodile on the streets of the city did not particularly surprise anyone at that time - songs like “A big crocodile walked along the street ...” and “A surprisingly sweet crocodile lived ...” were popular among the people for a long time. Petrovsky argued that the image of the swallowing reptile could also be influenced by the story of F. Dostoevsky "The Crocodile, or an incident in the Passage", the reading of which Chukovsky heard from his friend I. Repin.
The indignation of the people about the fact that the Crocodile speaks German did not cause any questions from the then readers. During the 1st World War, anti-German sentiments were so strong that even St. Petersburg was renamed Petrograd, and posters “It is forbidden to speak German” really hung in the city. Policemen still walk the streets, and the "valiant Vanya Vasilchikov" is proud of the fact that he "walks the streets without a nanny."
For the first time, the central character of a children's poem becomes a heroic child, who, waving "his toy saber," forces the monster to return the swallowed ones. Having begged for mercy, the Crocodile returns to Africa, where he tells King Hippo about the torment of their "brothers" imprisoned in menageries. Outraged animals go to war against Petrograd, and the gorilla kidnaps the girl Lyalya (the prototype of which was the daughter of the artist Z. Grzhebin - "very graceful girl, like a doll").
It's funny, like lines from Chukovsky's fairy tale:
“... fluttered up the pipe,
Soot scooped up
I smeared Lyalya,
Sat on the ledge.Sat down, dozed off
Lyalya shook
And with a terrible cry
rushed down,
after a while they will respond in the popular song of S. Krylov:
“... The girl, worrying, sat down on the ledge
And with a terrible cry rushed down,
Children's hearts joined there,
That's how my father's mother found out."
ill. V. Konashevich.
Of course, Vanya Vasilchikov again wins an easy victory, and the tale ends with such a call for peace, close to the people of Russia in 1916:
"Live with us,
And be friends
Pretty we fought
And shed blood!We'll break the guns
We'll bury the bullets
And you cut yourself
Hooves and horns!
A bright dynamic plot with a continuous cascade of adventures and a peer hero was in itself a breakthrough in the musty swamp of children's poetry. But no less (but rather more) important was another innovation of Chukovsky - an unusual poetic form of a fairy tale. The writer was one of the first to look closely at such a phenomenon as mass culture, which was replacing the old folklore. Hating her for her vulgarity, primitiveness and calculated cheap clichés, Chukovsky nevertheless tried to understand how she attracts the masses and how, on the one hand, to “ennoble” some of her techniques, and on the other, introduce these techniques into high-quality “high” poetry. . The same idea occupied Alexander Blok. Not without reason, many researchers rightly point out the similarity poetic devices in the poem "The Twelve" (1918) and "Crocodile". This is a constant change of rhythm, and the use in the text of the poem of the language of the poster, colloquial speech, ditty, children's counting rhyme, urban romance.
S. Marshak:
“The first who merged the literary line with the popular print was Korney Ivanovich. In "Crocodile" for the first time literature spoke this language. One had to be a man of high culture to grasp this simple-hearted and fruitful line. Krokodil, especially the beginning, are the first Russian Rhymes.
A. Block "12":“Revolutionary keep step!
The restless enemy does not sleep!K. Chukovsky "Crocodile":
“... And a furious reptile
Down with Petrograd!”
A. Block "12":“That’s how Vanka is – he’s broad-shouldered!
That's how Vanka is - he is eloquent!
Katka-fool hugs,
Is talking…tilted her face,
Teeth sparkle...
Oh you, Katya, my Katya,
Fat-faced…”K. Chukovsky "Crocodile":
"The people got angry
And calls and yells:
- Hey, hold it.
Yes, knit it
Yes, take it to the police!He runs into the tram
Everyone shouts: - Ai-ai-ai! —
And running
somersault,
Home,
At the corners:
— Help! Save! Have mercy!
During the Blok readings of 1920, at which Chukovsky delivered his opening speech, a note came from the hall asking the authors to read the poem "12" and ... "Crocodile".
(photo - M. Nappelbaum, 04/25/1921.)
This is how the famous “Korneev stanza” appears, which ends with a line that does not rhyme with the previous ones and is written in a different size.
Rhythm changes in Chukovsky's poems occur constantly in close connection with what is happening. Here and there echoes of Russian classics are heard. So the monologue of the Crocodile -
“Oh, this garden, terrible garden!
I would be glad to forget him.
There, under the whips of the watchmen
A lot of animals are tormented ... "
reminiscent of the rhythms of "Mtsyri" by Y. Lermontov, and
“Dear Lyalechka girl!
She walked with the doll
And on Tavricheskaya street
Suddenly I saw an elephant.God, what a monster!
Lyalya runs and screams.
Look, in front of her from under the bridge
Keith stuck his head out…” –
"The Ballad of the Great Sinners" by N. Nekrasov. Well, a string of African animals could well have been inspired by N. Gumilyov's "African" poem "Mik". True, according to Chukovsky, Gumilyov himself did not like "Crocodile", seeing in it "a mockery of the animals."
As for the rhythmic variety and poetic "hyperlinks", Chukovsky believed that this is how children's poems should prepare the child's ear for the perception of all the richness of the Russian poetic language. No wonder Yu. Tynyanov half-jokingly, half-seriously dedicated the following rhyme to Korney Ivanovich:
"Bye
I studied the problem of language
You allowed her
In Crocodile.
And although the author's irony is present in "Crocodile", the fairy tale does not turn into a parody because of this - it is precisely for this that the most diverse children will fall in love with her madly - from nobles to homeless children. There was no adult lisping and boring moralizing, so Vanya Vasilchikov was perceived as "his", a real hero.
Chukovsky himself pointed this out more than once:
“...Unfortunately, Re-Mi's drawings, with all their great merits, somewhat distorted the trend of my poem. They portrayed in a comic form what I treat with reverence in poetry.
... This is a heroic poem, inciting to the accomplishment of feats. A brave boy saves the whole city from wild animals, frees a little girl from captivity, fights monsters, and so on. The serious meaning of this thing must be brought to the fore. Let it remain light, playful, but underneath it should feel a strong moral foundation. Vanya, for example, should not be made into a comic character. He is handsome, noble, brave. In the same way, the girl he saves should not be a caricature ... she should be sweet, gentle.
In general, Chukovsky's goal - "to create a street, non-salon thing, in order to radically destroy that sugary-sweet affectation that was inherent in the then poems for children" - was one hundred percent successful.
True, the adult bourgeois public perceived "Crocodile" ambiguously. Devrien's publishing house returned the manuscript with a disparaging 'This is for street boys'.
K. Chukovsky:
“I was advised for a long time that I should not put my last name, that I should remain a critic. When my son was asked at school: “Is your dad composing Crocodiles?”, He said: “No”, because it was embarrassing, it was a very undignified occupation ... "
When, in 1917, a fairy tale called "Vanya and the Crocodile" began to be published in the magazine "For Children" (an appendix to the magazine "Niva"), adults again began to resent and after the 3rd issue the publication was almost closed. But the onslaught of children demanding continuation overcame. "Crocodile" was published in all 12 issues of the magazine, catching both the fall of the monarchy and the fall of the Provisional Government (it was not for nothing that there was a comic note to the fairy tale: “Many people still don’t know that the lion is no longer the king of animals. The beasts overthrew him from the throne ... ").
Young Soviet authority reacted quite unexpectedly to Chukovsky's tale. In 1919, the publishing house of the Petrosoviet, located right in Smolny, decided not just to publish The Crocodile, but to publish it in an album format with illustrations by Re-Mi (N. Remizov) and a circulation of 50 thousand copies. Not only that - for some time the book was distributed free of charge!
In most sources, the Petrosoviet edition dates back to 1919, although the writer himself in the article “In Defense of the Crocodile” indicates 1918.
This edition, and the reissue in Novonikolaevsk (now Novosibirsk) sold out instantly.
On the cover were two, previously unthinkable for children's literature, the inscription "poem for young children" and a dedication "to my DEEPLY RESPECTED children - Bob, Lida, Kolya".
K. Chukovsky:
“... it seems to me that, as the longest of all my epics, it will have its own special attraction for a child, which neither the “Fly-Fly” nor “Confusion” have. Length in this case is also an important quality. If, say, “Moydodyr” is a story, then “Crocodile” is a novel, and let six-year-old children, along with stories, enjoy reading the novel!
So children's poetry entered Russian literature with full rights, the literary critic unexpectedly turned into a storyteller, and Krokodil Krokodilovich became an invariable character in most of his fairy tales.
The author of "Crocodile" himself appears in the pictures of Re-Mi.
How to become a midget
“...Children live in the fourth dimension, they are kind of crazy,
for solid and stable phenomena are shaky for them, and unsteady, and fluid ...
A task children's magazine not at all about treating children for
childish madness - they will be cured in due time and without us - but in
to enter this madness... and speak to the children in the language of this
another world, to adopt its images and its peculiar logic...
If we, like the Gullivers, want to enter the Lilliputians, we
should not bend down to them, but become them themselves.
(K. Chukovsky)
Rice. M. Miturich to "Bibigon".
Those who represent the author of "Moydodyr" and "Aybolit" as such a sweet and benevolent "grandfather Korney" are somewhat mistaken. Chukovsky's character was far from sugar. It is enough to read his letters and diaries. Or rather harsh memories (under the name "White Wolf") of another "storyteller" - Evgeny Schwartz, who for some time worked as a secretary for Korney Ivanovich. Constant suspiciousness, causticity, suspicion, often turning into misanthropy (up to his own self-abasement) pretty much spoiled the blood of those around him (and the writer himself).
But let's leave the analysis of the negative qualities of the "yellow press" and turn to the "bright" side of Chukovsky's personality, without which such wonderful fairy tales would not have appeared. Many people remember how easy the writer felt with children, how he transformed with them into a fun playmate and an entertaining storyteller. No wonder it was the moments of “returning to childhood”, these bursts of happiness that were the main sources of inspiration for him.
On one of the "bonfires" A. Barto invited the children to read "Moydodyr".
Who knows this story best? she asked.
- I! shouted heart-rendingly... Korney Chukovsky.
(on the photo of M. Ozersky - K. Chukovsky among the children of Peredelkino. 1947)
K. Chukovsky:
“... by the grace of a generous fate, I was lucky to live almost all my life in continuous friendly communication with my own and other people's children. Without a thorough knowledge of their psyche, their thinking, their reading requirements, I could hardly find the right path to their hearts.
The writer experienced the most powerful surge of happiness in Petrograd on August 29, 1923, when the famous “Tsokotuha Fly” appeared to him almost entirely. The story of Chukovsky himself is probably one of the best descriptions such an irrational state as inspiration.
Rice. V. Konashevich.
“... feeling like a person who can work miracles, I did not run up, but took off, as if on wings, into our empty apartment on Kirochnaya (my family had not yet moved from the dacha) and, grabbing some dusty piece of paper and finding it with difficulty pencil, began to sketch line by line (unexpectedly for himself) a cheerful poem about a fly's wedding, and he felt like a groom at this wedding.
I conceived the poem a long time ago and tried it ten times, but I could not compose more than two lines. Tortured, anemic, stillborn lines came out, coming from the head, but not from the heart. And now, without the slightest effort, I scribbled the entire sheet on both sides and, not finding clean paper in the room, tore off a large strip of lagging wallpaper in the corridor and, with the same feeling of thoughtless happiness, recklessly wrote line after line, as if under someone's dictation.
When it came to depicting a dance in my fairy tale, I, ashamed to say, jumped up and began to rush along the corridor from the room to the kitchen, feeling great discomfort, since it is difficult to dance and write at the same time.
He would be very surprised if, entering my apartment, he would see me, the father of the family, 42-year-old, gray-haired, burdened with many years of day labor, how I rush around the apartment in a wild shaman dance and shout out ringing words and write them down on a clumsy and dusty a strip of wallpaper torn from the wall.
There are two holidays in this tale: name day and wedding. I celebrated both with all my heart. But as soon as he wrote all the paper and composed last words of my fairy tale, the unconsciousness of happiness instantly left me, and I turned into an immensely tired and very hungry country husband who came to the city for petty and painful deeds.
And here is how another fairy tale was born.
K. Chukovsky "Confessions of an old storyteller":
“... once, at a dacha near Luga, I wandered far from home and spent three hours in an unfamiliar wilderness with children who were swarming by a forest stream. The day was windless and hot. We sculpted men and hares from clay, threw fir cones into the water, went somewhere to tease a turkey, and parted only in the evening, when the formidable parents found the children and took them home with reproaches.
My heart became light. I walked briskly along the lanes among the vegetable gardens and dachas. In those years, I went barefoot every summer until late autumn. And now it was especially pleasant for me to walk on the soft and warm dust, which had not yet cooled down after a hot day. It didn’t even upset me that the passers-by looked at me with disgust, for the children, carried away by clay modeling, diligently wiped their soiled hands on my canvas trousers, which because of this became spotted and so heavy that they had to be supported. And yet I felt great. This three-hour freedom from adult worries and anxieties, this familiarization with contagious childish happiness, this sweet dust under bare feet, this good evening sky - all this awakened in me a long-forgotten rapture with life, and I, as I was in smeared trousers, ran up to my room. into the room and at some hour sketched out those verses that he had unsuccessfully tried to write since the summer before last. That musical feeling, which I had been completely deprived of all this time and had been strenuously trying to revive in myself, suddenly sharpened my hearing to such an extent that I felt and tried to convey on paper with the rhythmic sound of a verse the movement of every even the smallest thing that ran across my page.
Before me suddenly appeared a cascade of rebellious, demented things that had broken free from a long captivity - a great many forks, glasses, teapots, buckets, troughs, irons and knives, running in a panic, running after each other ... "
Rice. V. Konashevich.
Each such surge of happiness gave us one of the fairy tales. The reasons could be different - swimming in the sea ("Aibolit"), an attempt to convince my daughter to wash herself ("Moydodyr"), experiments in a literary studio ("Cockroach"), comforting a sick son ("Crocodile"), or even a desire to "comfort" oneself ("Wonder Tree").
K. Chukovsky:
"Wonder Tree" I wrote as a consolation to myself. As a multi-family father, I have always been extremely sensitive to the purchase of shoes for children. Every month, someone certainly needs either shoes, or galoshes, or boots. And so I came up with a utopia about shoes growing on trees.
A picture by V. Konashevich from the "Murka Book", depicting K. Chukovsky with his daughter Mura at the Miracle Tree.
But, unlike the “Flies of Tsokotukha”, only separate lines and stanzas were born inspired. Over the rest, Chukovsky worked painfully and painstakingly. So about the work on the third part of "Crocodile" in the summer of 1917, he wrote in his diary: "I spend whole days on" Crocodile ", and sometimes as a result 2-3 lines." The writer's drafts were written up and down with many strikethroughs and edits. For example, there were more than a dozen variants of Bibigon!
I will give just a few impressive passages about how Chukovsky fought with himself for quality lines.
K. Chukovsky "The story of my" Aibolit ":
“On the first pages it was necessary to tell about the animals that came to the beloved doctor, and about the diseases from which he cured them. And then, already on my return home, to Leningrad, my long search for truly poetic lines began. I could not again hope for blind luck, for a festive upsurge of inspiration. Involuntarily, I had to squeeze the necessary lines out of myself with painstaking, hard work. I needed four verses, and for them I wrote two school notebooks in small handwriting.
The notebooks that I still have by accident are filled with these couplets:First:
And a goat came to Aibolit:
"My eyes hurt!"
Second:
And the fox came to Aibolit:
“Oh, my lower back hurts!”
Third:
An owl flew to him:
"Oh, my head hurts!"
Fourth:
And a canary flew up to him:
"My neck is scratched."
Fifth:
And a tap dance flew to him:
“I have consumption,” he says.
Sixth:
A partridge flew to him:
"I have a fever," he says.
Seventh:
And the platypus clung to him:
"I have diarrhea," he says.And the eighth, and the tenth, and the hundredth - they were all in the same kind. This is not to say that they are of no use. Each was carefully crafted and, it would seem, could safely enter my fairy tale.
And yet I felt disgusted with them. I was ashamed that my poor head produced such pacifiers. Mechanically rhyming the name of the patient with the designation of the disease that torments him is too easy handicraft work available to any hack. And I sought a lively image, lively intonation and hated the banal lines that my meager pen wrote without any participation of the heart.
After the hippo turned out to have hiccups, and the rhinoceros had heartburn, and the cobra complained to me about his diseased ribs (which, by the way, she never had), and the whale for meningitis, and the monkey for shortness of breath, and the dog for sclerosis, I desperately tried to resort to more complex syntactic forms:And the giraffes are so hoarse
We're afraid it's the flu.The rhyme "hoarse" and "flu" was both new and fresh, but none of the most intricate rhymes can save bad rhymes. In pursuit of dandy harmonies, I finally ended up writing these empty verses:
Wagtails have arrived
And they sang in French:
"Oh, our baby -
Influenza."This verse seemed to me even worse than others. It was necessary to throw him out of the soul and stubbornly continue their search. This search took four days, no less. But what immeasurable happiness I felt when, on the fifth day, after many attempts that tormented me with their futility, I finally wrote:
And the fox came to Aibolit:
"Oh, I got bitten by a wasp!"
And the watchdog came to Aibolit:
“A chicken pecked me in the nose!”These couplets - I felt right away - are stronger and richer than all the previous ones. At that time I had an unconscious feeling, but now I think that I understand it - if not completely, then in part: after all, in comparison with all the previous lines, here, in these new verses, the number of visual images and greatly increased the dynamism of the story - both qualities that are so attractive to the child's mind. This last quality is outwardly expressed by the abundance of verbs: not only “came”, but also “bitten” and “pecked”.
And most importantly: in each of them there is an offender and there is offended. A victim of evil who needs help.
... I got these couplets at the cost of many days of work, which I do not regret at all, because if I had not gone through a long streak of failures, I would never have come to luck.... If I thought of publishing for everyone's attention the shabby lines written by me in the first draft of "Moydodyr", I think even the paper intended for printing them would turn red with shame and resentment.
Here are the most beautiful of these shamefully helpless lines, depicting the flight of things from the boy they hate:Pantaloons like crows
They flew to the balcony.
Come back, pantaloons.
I can't live without pantaloons!Sluggish verses with fake dynamics! In addition, the stiff word of pantaloons has long been supplanted in the living language by trousers, pants, etc.
Knapsack, knapsack, where is my knapsack!
Dear backpack, wait!
Why are you dancing!
Wait, don't go!The rhyme "dance" and "knapsack" is too cheap a rhyme, and it's not such a misfortune for a lazy schoolboy - the loss of a knapsack with educational books. I crossed out the entire verse and replaced it with the same miserable couplet:
And a box from a chair
Like a butterfly fluttered!And these beggarly poor lines were rejected by me with the same contempt, because, firstly, they are devoid of any intonations and gestures, and secondly, what kind of boxes are these that are stored on chairs near children's beds
... Even from "Flies-Tsokotukha", written, as they say, on a fluke, by inspiration, impromptu, without drafts, whitewashed, and then when sending it to print, I had to throw out such seemingly folding lines about insects feasting on a fly's name day :
Guests are important, furry,
Striped, mustachioed,
They sit at the table
Pies are eaten
Snack on sweet raspberries.In themselves, these lines are no worse than others, but on final reading I suddenly discovered that it was very easy to do without them, and, of course, this immediately deprived them of the right to further literary life.
The same ostracism was subjected to the final reading of the line:The fly is happy with both guests and gifts.
He meets everyone with bows.
He treats everyone with pancakes.For these lines, again, with all their goodness, turned out to be completely superfluous.
A special feature of Chukovsky was the harmonious combination in one person of an inspired creator and critic - a scrupulous analyst of not only someone else's, but also his own creativity. As he himself wrote: "Scientific calculations must be translated into emotions." Not every critic is able to create a work of art, and a poet is not able to explain the secrets of his skill. However, Chukovsky not only wrote brilliant fairy tales, but also fixed the principles of his approach to creativity - the so-called. commandments for children's poets, set out in the book "From 2 to 5".
He considered dynamism to be one of the main qualities of children's poems. The richness of images in itself will not attract the child if these images are not in constant motion, are not involved in an uninterrupted chain of events. Something happens in every stanza of Chukovsky's fairy tales, each stanza can be easily illustrated. It is not for nothing that it is in his books that “vortex” ringing drawings first appear, and the first edition of “Moydodyr” was accompanied by the eloquent subtitle “cinema for children”. The indignant crowd pursues the Crocodile, the “Cockroach” opens with a motorcade of riding and flying animals. Things are running from Baba Fedora. Things are running from dirty from "Moydodyr" ( “Everything is spinning / Everything is spinning / And it is rushing somersaults ...”). But Chukovsky does not advise cluttering up children's poems with epithets - long descriptions the target audience is not yet interested.
For a modern child in "Moydodyr" can meet a lot of incomprehensible words- "Vaksa", "poker", "chimney sweep", and even the pre-revolutionary "mother's bedroom", which served as the subject of a well-known joke.
(Fig. V. Suteev)
Wherein different images and events must have their own special rhythm. Reading aloud, "The Stolen Sun" with every line, like the Bear, we deal crushing blows to the Crocodile:
"I did not bear
Bear,
Zarevel
Bear,
And on the evil enemy
flew
Bear",
And then we think it's from our mouth
“... The sun fell down,
You rolled into the sky! (my breakdown - S.K.)
Rice. - Y. Vasnetsova.
In The Telephone, we also perfectly hear the slowness and brevity of the speech of the elephant, as opposed to the impatient monorhymic chatter of gazelles:
"- Really
Indeed
All burned out
Carousels?
Rice. V. Konashevich.
K. Chukovsky about “Fedorin Gora” (from “The History of My Aibolit”):
“...during this desperately fast flight, each plate sounded completely different than, say, a frying pan or a cup. A brisk and lightweight saucepan swept in a dashing four-foot trochee past the iron that had lagged behind it.
And the pan on the run
Shouted iron:
"I'm running, running, running,
I can't resist!"As I understand now, six GUs on four lines are designed to convey phonetically the swiftness and ease of flight. And since irons are heavier than nimble pans, I equipped my lines about them with viscous superdactylic rhymes:
Irons run grunt,
Through puddles, through puddles they jump.Po-krya-ki-va-yut, pe-re-ska-ki-va-yut - leisurely drawling words with an emphasis on the fourth syllable from the end. With this rhythmic pattern, I tried to express the cast-iron stiffness of irons.
The teapot has a different "gait" - noisy, fussy and fractional. In it I heard a six-foot trochee:So the kettle runs after the coffee pot,
Chattering, chattering, rattling...But then glassy, thinly ringing sounds resounded, again returning the fairy tale to its original tune:
And behind them saucers, saucers -
Ring-la-la! Ring-la-la!
Rushing down the street -
Ring-la-la! Ring-la-la!
On glasses - ding! - stumble,
And the glasses - ding! - break.Of course, I did not at all aspire to such a diverse and changeable rhythm. But it somehow happened by itself that, as soon as various kitchen trifles flashed before me, the four-foot trochee instantly transformed into a three-foot one:
And behind her forks
Glasses and bottles
Cups and spoons
They jump along the path.Nor did I care that the gait of the table, clumsily waddling along with the dishes, was conveyed by another variation of the rhythm, not at all similar to the one that depicted the movement of other things:
The table fell out of the window
And go, go, go, go, go...
And on it, and on it,
Like riding a horse
Samovar sits
And shouts to his comrades:
"Go away, run, save yourself!"Of course, such variations of poetic rhythm, depicting each object in its musical dynamics, you will not achieve any external tricks of technology. But in those hours when you are experiencing that nervous upsurge that I tried to describe in the essay on "Fly-Tsokotukha", this diverse sound recording, breaking the tedious monotony poetic speech, is not worth any trouble: on the contrary, it would be much more difficult to do without it.
Chukovsky could not tolerate monotony at all, so all his life he considered his monologue from the 2nd part of "Crocodile" his mistake. It is precisely in order not to delay the course of events that the writer throws out excellent lines from Aibolit about a burnt moth (later he will nevertheless include them in the prosaic retelling of Aibolit).
The sound of poetry should also be comfortable for children's perception. Of the sizes, a trochee is desirable, where the stress is already on the first syllable. No dissonance should be allowed - for example, the accumulation of consonants at the junction of words.
K. Chukovsky about “Moydodyr” (from “The History of my “Aibolit”):
“... I had to write a lot of paper before I found the final version of the first lines:
Blanket
Run away.
The sheet flew away.
And a pillow
like a frog,
GOT AWAY from me.The first word “blanket” attracted me because it has four vowels for two consonants. This is what gives the word the greatest euphony. In the line “the sheet flew away” - both words are combined with the sound T, which contributes to their expressiveness, and the last three lines in the same way acquired reliability thanks to the five-fold KA: the pillow, LIKE a frog, fled, conveying the intermittent movement of the object.
K. Chukovsky, January 1929:
“Something strange happened with my report at the GIZ. The report was distinctly titled: "On the Technique of Writing Children's Poems," and it was clear to everyone in advance that it would deal only with technique. Meanwhile, as soon as I finished, I was asked from the very second word: “But what about the topic?” - “What is the topic?” - “Why didn’t you say about the topic?” What theme should children's poetry have? As if we all already have a perfect command of the poetic form, and now we only lack the topic.
... Meanwhile, it is in the interests of the topic that we must think about the form, so as not to spoil the paper with any hacky handicraft.
Of course, necessary element children's fairy tales should have a happy ending and the absence of cruelty. Swallowed by the Crocodile, people and animals jump back safe and sound, and Barmaley corrects himself. In Chukovsky's diaries, you can find an alternative ending to "Crocodile", where the animals win, lock people in cages and tickle through the bars with canes. But he refused her.
As he refused such lines in "Crocodile" and "Telephone":
“... From a pistol bang-bang -
And a dead giraffe falls.
Bang Bang! - and the deer falls!
Bang-bang - and the seal falls!
Bang bang and headless lions
They lie on the banks of the Neva."And then on the phone
The crocodile called
- I'm a crow, yes, a crow,
I ate a crow!
Nothing to do, my friend
You take an iron
Yes heat up
hot,
Yes, more on the stomach
Let the crow bake
Let the crow have a good time
bake
And then she minutes
Will not remain in the stomach:
So it pops up
So it will take off!
But the poor crocodile
Howled more than ever…”
True, the writer did not always observe this principle, and we will talk about this later.
As for the rest, children's poetry should be in no way inferior to adult poetry in quality. Speaking in another language, it should appeal not only to children but also to adult readers. And you can't rely on inspiration alone. Chukovsky wrote: “His price is worthless ( children's poet- S.K.) "returns to childhood", if he did not stock up in advance with a thorough knowledge of native and foreign literature and was not imbued with its powerful aesthetics. No wonder the writer believed that children's poetry should be based on all the achievements of world poetry - both authorial and folklore. Hence the "Confusion", referring us to English nonsense and Russian fables, and "Cockroach" - a kind of children's "Inspector General" by Gogol, and "Crocodile" - a "novel" about war and peace, and "Barmaley" - an adventurous story, and " Stolen Sun, originally resurrected mythological stories about monsters devouring heavenly bodies. "And the chanterelles
They took the matches
Let's go to the blue sea
The blue sea was lit ... "
(Fig. V. Konashevich)
I have already noted how here and there references to the works of other poets slip through Chukovsky's fairy tales. So “And now, soul-maiden, / I want to marry you!” from "Mukha-Tsokotukha" refer us to Pushkin, and the rhythm of the verse from "Barmaley":
"Nam Shark Karakula
Nothing, nothing
We are the Karakul shark
Brick, brick…”
to the poem by V. Ivanov:
“Maenad rushed violently,
Like a doe
Like a doe -
With a heart frightened out of perseus,
Like a doe
Like a doe…”
And finally, the main thing.
K. Chukovsky “How the “Fly-Tsokotuha” was written:
“... to all these commandments, one more should be added, perhaps the most important: a writer for small children must certainly be happy. Happy, like those for whom he creates.
I sometimes felt so lucky when I happened to write poetic children's fairy tales.
Of course, I cannot boast that happiness is the dominant of my life. ... But from my youth I had - and still remains - one precious property: in spite of all the troubles and squabbles, suddenly for no reason, without any apparent reason, you will feel the strongest surge of some kind of crazy happiness. Especially at times when you should be whining and complaining, you suddenly jump out of bed with such a crazy feeling of joy, as if you were a five-year-old boy who was given a whistle.
NOTES:
1 - Of the other remarkable works of Chukovsky, it is worth noting the books “Alive like life” (about language) and “ high art» (about the art of translation).
2 - see Petrovsky, Miron "Books of our childhood" - M .: "Book", 1986
3 - In most sources, the Petrosoviet edition dates from 1919, although the writer himself in the article “In Defense of the Crocodile” indicates 1918.
4 - By the way, not everyone great poet capable of writing poetry for children. They say that when the poet O. Mandelstam published a collection of children's poems "Kitchen", familiar children sympathetically told him: "Nothing, Uncle Osya, you can redraw it on" Fly-Tsokotukha ".
| |
Municipal educational institution
Royal secondary school.
Zharkovsky district of the Tver region
Literary game
« Through the pages of your favorite fairy tales»
prepared
teacher of Russian language and literature
Matveeva Natalya Yurievna
P.Novoselki
2014
2 teams are formed. They take turns choosing any question from any topic and answering it. For the correct answer 2 points, if not answered, you can pass the word to another team. (questions hidden and numbered)
you can make the “Prize” sector, skip a move or other combinations (if painted in different colors)
This is what the scoreboard looks like.
WHO LIVES IN TEREM?
THE BEGINNING OF A FAIRY TALE
FABULOUS LUNCH
LETTER FROM A FAIRY TALE
HEROES OF FAIRY TALE
FABULOUS CONCERT
Questions for choosing players.
Name those. Who with the first rays of the sun turns into stone. If you can't hide. (gnomes)
This creature, with the help of a blacksmith, performed a surgical operation on himself, which affected his vocal abilities and contributed to the implementation of insidious plans. Name the villain. (wolf from the fairy tale "The Wolf and the Seven Kids")
What common household item replaced both the map and the compass for the heroes of Russian fairy tales? (ball of thread)
what textile product, according to the intention of its manufacturers, was supposed to be a test of professional suitability and intelligence, but served as a test of honesty? (dress for the king "Naked King")
Which fairy tale speaks of an unusual marriage between a man and an amphibian, which entailed severe trials for both parties? (Princess Frog)
What fairy tale tells about the concert of one original creature of a musical group, who scared the whole gang of robbers to death? (The Bremen Town Musicians)
Who led the expedition, whose goal was an island off the coast of Tanzania, a desert in South and North Africa, and a highland in Equatorial Guinea? (Dr. Aibolit)
There are 2 teams of 3 players.
Game with spectators
1. In one Finnish fairy tale, three animals are mentioned: “the one who is listened to”, “the one who is amazed”, “the one who is being chased”. The last two are a frog and a squirrel. Name the first animal. (cuckoo)
2. According to legend, there is a copper pillar with two animals above the Egyptian city of Borsa. When enemies approach the city, the ram turns in their direction, and what is the other figure shouting? (crow)
3. 2 years 8 months and 27 days she was threatened with the death penalty. Being imprisoned, she gave birth to three children and only after that was pardoned. Give her a world famous name. (Schehrazade)
The game with the audience can be played in the form of a “Field-wonders” (open by letter)
WHO LIVES IN TEREM?
In front of him is a hut with a light
With a white brick chimney,
With oak wood gates
(The hut of the greedy old woman - A.S. Pushkin. "The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish")
An island in the sea lies, a city stands on the island
With golden-domed churches, with towers and gardens;
Spruce grows in front of the palace,
And below it is a crystal house.
(Buyan Island, Principality of Gvidon - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan")
In a bright room; around
Shops covered with carpet,
Under the saints is an oak table,
Stove with tiled bench
(Terem of the Seven Bogatyrs - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Bogatyrs")
in the royal chambers. In the palaces of the princes. The princess flaunted in a high tower. What a life she had, what freedom, what luxury, but she never smiled.
(Russian folk tale "Princess Nesmeyana")
All sides are pitted
Palisades driven into the ribs,
Cheese-boron makes noise on the tail,
The village stands on the back;
Men plow on their lips
The boys are dancing between the eyes.
(village on the back of the Fish-Whale, Kit Kitovich - P.P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse")
THE BEGINNING OF A FAIRY TALE
Once upon a time there lived a fox and a hare. The fox had an icy hut, and the hare had a bast.
(Russian folk tale "The Fox, the Hare and the Rooster")
In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, there lived an old man and an old woman, and they had three sons. The youngest was called Ivanushka. They lived without laziness, worked all day long, plowed arable land and sowed bread.
(Russian folk tale "Ivan - a peasant son and a miracle Yudo")
Beyond the mountains, beyond the forests
Beyond the wide seas, against the sky - on earth
An old man lived in a village.
(P.P. Ershov "Humpbacked Horse")
Nowhere. In the Far Far Away Kingdom,
In the thirtieth state, Once upon a time there was a glorious king Dadon,
From a young age he was formidable
And the neighbors every now and then
He took offense boldly.
(A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Golden Cockerel")
The miller lived. He lived. He lived and died, leaving his sons a windmill, a donkey and a cat.
("Puss in Boots")
What words does "The Tale of Tsar Saltan" begin with?
(Three maidens by the window
Spinning late in the evening)
FABULOUS LUNCH
I boiled semolina porridge and spread it on a plate:
Do not blame me, kumanek, there is nothing more to regale!
(Fox-Crane - Russian folk tale "The Fox and the Crane")
I baked a loaf - loose and soft. Decorated the loaf with various intricate patterns; on the sides of the city with palaces, gardens and towers, flying birds above, roaring animals below.
(Vasilisa the Wise for the Tsar - Russian folk tale "The Frog Princess")
Seated in a corner
They brought a pie
Pour a glass full
Served on a tray
From green wine
She denied
The pie just broke
And took a bite.
(Seven heroes - the princess - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of the Dead Princess and the Seven Heroes")
Eat my rye pie.
I won't eat rye pie! My father doesn't eat wheat either.
(stove for a girl - Russian folk tale "Geese-swans")
Well, pour wine into the trough
And mix millet with wine.
(Ivan - to the Firebirds - P.P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse")
What did the animals chew from the fairy tale by K.I. Chukovsky before meeting with a cockroach?
(Gingerbread)
LETTER FROM A FAIRY TALE
Come doctor
Fast to Africa
And save me doctor
Our babies
(Telegram from a hippopotamus to Dr. Aibolit - K.I. Chukovsky "Aibolit")
I am not your master, but an obedient slave. You are my lady. And everything that comes to your mind, I will perform with pleasure.
(The beast of the forest. The miracle of the sea - to the girl. Merchant's daughter - S.T. Aksakov "The Scarlet Flower")
A wonderful house is being built in our city. Its height is ten floors. Width - 50 steps. Length too. 10 crocodiles work at a construction site. 10 giraffes, 10 monkeys and 10 A's.
(A correspondent in a newspaper exaggerating everything 10 times to the residents of the city - E.N. Uspensky "Crocodile Gena and his friends")
The grass is green, the sun is shining, and spring flowers are blooming in our royal forests. Therefore, I most mercifully command that a full basket of snowdrops be delivered to the palace by the New Year ...
(royal decree, which the professor writes under the dictation of the queen - S.Ya. Marshak "Twelve months")
What letter instead of the present was sent to Tsar Saltan by a weaver and a cook.
(the queen gave birth on the night
Not a son, not a daughter
Not a mouse, not a frog
And an unknown animal)
HEROES OF FAIRY TALE
The princess is amazing
Under the scythe the moon shines,
And in the forehead the star burns,
And she is majestic
Acts like a pava.
(The Swan Princess - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan")
On the azure dress - frequent stars. There is a clear moon on my head, such a beauty - you can’t think of it, you can’t think of it, just say it in a fairy tale.
(Vasilisa the Wise - Russian folk tale "The Frog Princess")
R the arms are crooked, the claws of an animal are on the hands, the legs are horselike, in front and behind there are great camel humps, all shaggy from top to bottom, boar tusks protrude from the mouth, a hooked nose, like a golden eagle, and eyes were owls.
(The beast of the forest, the miracle of the sea - S.T. Aksakov "The Scarlet Flower")
This one is not pretty at all:
And pale and thin,
Tea, three inches in girth;
And the leg is a leg!
Ugh you! Like a chicken.
(The Tsar Maiden - P.P. Ershov "The Little Humpbacked Horse")
He wore a bright blue hat, yellow canary trousers, and an orange shirt with a green tie. He generally liked bright colors.
(Dunno - N.N. Nosov "The Adventures of Dunno and his friends")
A small man appeared from behind a cardboard tree, wearing a long white shirt with long sleeves. His face was sprinkled with powder. White as tooth powder. He bowed to the honorable audience and said: "Hello, my name is ..."
(Pierrot - A.N. Tolstoy "The Golden Key, or the Adventures of Pinocchio")
FABULOUS CONCERT
Goats, kids,
Open up, open up
And, I, a goat, was in the forest
Ate silk grass
Drank cold water
(Goat - Russian folk tale "The Wolf and the Seven Kids")
I left my grandmother
I left my grandfather
I left the rabbit
I left the wolf
Walked away from the bear
And from you, fox,
Easy, leave.
(Gingerbread Man - Russian folk tale "Gingerbread Man")
At least you'll get around half a set
You won't find a better home.
No animal in the world
Cunning beast, terrible beast,
Will not open this door.
(Piglets - S.V. Mikhalkov "Three Little Pigs")
Polka bird dancing
On the lawn at an early hour.
Tail to the left, nose to the right
This is the polka Karabas.
(Puppets of the Karabas Theater - A.N. Tolstoy "The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio")
Listen to the song and say who sings it.
(Turtle Tortilla - A.N. Tolstoy "The Golden Key or the Adventures of Pinocchio"))
Who and in what fairy tale “with honesty in front of all the people” sings the song “Is it in the garden in the city”
(Squirrel - A.S. Pushkin "The Tale of Tsar Saltan")
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