Journal of inspection of children's equipment. Memo "monitoring the condition of playground equipment

Object of construction survey: equipment for children's playgrounds

The purpose of the survey: survey of actually performed work on the installation of equipment for children's playgrounds in order to determine the quality for compliance with the requirements of the current regulatory and technical documentation;

Characteristics of the object: the equipment of the children's playground is a table tennis table, children's play complexes, exercise equipment, a rolling hill, single-section swings, pendulum swings, a rocking chair, a balance beam, a gazebo and a rocking chair on a spring.

Expertise of a children's playground

Inspection of building structures of buildings and structures is carried out, as a rule, in three interconnected stages:

• preparation for the examination;
• preliminary (visual) examination;
• detailed (instrumental) examination.

In accordance with the requirements of SP 13-102-2003 clause 6.1 Preparation for surveys provides for familiarization with the object of the survey, design and executive documentation for the structure and construction of the structure, with documentation for the operation and repairs and reconstruction that took place, with the results of previous surveys. The expert made an external inspection of the interior, with selective fixation on a digital camera, which meets the requirements of SP 13-102-2003, clause 7.2. calipers, feeler gauges, etc.). The measurement work was carried out in accordance with the requirements of SP 13-102-2003, clause 8.2.1. The purpose of the measurement work is to clarify the actual geometric parameters of building structures and their elements, to determine their compliance with the project or deviation from it. Instrumental measurements clarify the spans of structures, their location and pitch in plan, cross-sectional dimensions, height of rooms, marks of characteristic nodes, distances between nodes, etc. Based on the measurement results, plans are drawn up with the actual location of structures, sections of buildings, drawings of working sections of load-bearing structures and junctions of structures and their elements.

The expert carried out a diagnostic examination of the equipment of children's playgrounds with the determination of the quality of the work performed in accordance with regulatory requirements. The survey was carried out by the method of measuring the quality control of the work performed.

Site expertise conclusion

As a result of the diagnostic examination, the examination concluded that the work performed on the installation of equipment for a children's playground located in the courtyard of a residential building complies with the requirements of regulatory and technical documents, namely:

• GOST R 52167-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and swing test methods. General requirements»;
• GOST R 52168-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for slides. General requirements";
• GOST R 52169-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods. General requirements";
• SP 53-101-98 “Manufacture and quality control of steel.

REMINDER

"CONTROL OVER THE CONDITION OF THE EQUIPMENT OF PLAYGROUNDS"

Basic definitions.

Equipment (children's playground) - equipment with which or on which children can play indoors or outdoors in children's playgrounds, individually or in a group, at their own discretion and according to their own rules.

Children's playground cover - a section of the surface of a children's playground with dimensions not less than the child's landing zone, used in conjunction with equipment.

Note: the coating can be sand, soil, lawn, rubber, polymer, etc.

Child free fall height - the maximum height from the base of the playground equipment from which a child can fall to the landing zone.

Note: supporting surfaces include surfaces on which the child can stand and access to which is provided (ladder, stepladder, ladder or other game element).

Child landing zone - the area of ​​the surface of a children's playground, on which a child falls as a result of a free fall.

Play area for children's playground - the space of a children's playground in which equipment is installed and the safety of children is ensured.

A child getting stuck in playground equipment - a dangerous situation where the body, body part or clothing of a child gets stuck in the structural elements of the playground equipment.

Hard-to-reach playground equipment equipment for a children's playground, the design of which specifically provides for restricting access to it by children of a specific age group.

Children's playground slide - children's playground equipment with an inclined sliding surface on which the child slides down under the influence of gravity.

Children's playground swing - equipment of a children's playground, driven by a child, the mass of which is located below the hinge, relative to which the swing is carried out.

Carousel of children's playground - playground equipment with one or more seats, rotating around a vertical axis, with an angle of inclination from the vertical of not more than 5 °.

Rocking chair of a children's playground - equipment for a children's playground, driven by a child or children, on which oscillatory movement is carried out in various planes.

Regular visual inspection of playground equipment - inspection of playground equipment to detect obvious dangerous defects caused by acts of vandalism, improper operation and climatic conditions.

Functional inspection of playground equipment - a detailed check of the playground equipment in order to assess the working condition, degree of wear, strength and stability of the playground equipment.

Annual basic inspection of playground equipment - inspection of the equipment of the children's playground, performed every 12 months, in order to assess the compliance of the technical condition of the equipment of the children's playground with safety requirements.

Equipment for children's playgrounds

national standard Russian Federation GOST R 52301-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds. Safety in operation” defines the requirements for installation and installation, safety in the operation of a child gaming equipment, the main points related to the control and maintenance of this equipment are spelled out. Therefore, the installation and installation of children's play equipment must be carried out in accordance with the project, the manufacturer's passport, and regulatory documents provided by the manufacturer.

The manufacturer (supplier) provides a passport for equipment in accordance with GOST 2.601 in Russian, and, if necessary, in the official languages ​​of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the native languages ​​of the peoples of the Russian Federation.

A passport is provided for a complex of equipment or for equipment that can be installed separately and used as an independent unit (a children's play complex or a stand-alone slide, swing, carousel, rocking chair, etc.).

For equipment that cannot be installed separately and used as an independent unit (attached slides, stairs, etc.), a passport is not provided.

The passport must contain:

• 
  basic information about the equipment;
• 
  basic technical data;
• 
  completeness;
• 
  certificate of acceptance;
• 
  conservation certificate;
• 
  packing certificate;
• 
  warranty obligations;
• 
  claims;
• 
  storage information;
• 
  information on conservation and re-preservation of equipment during operation;
• 
  accounting for malfunctions during operation;
• 
  maintenance accounting;
• 
  repair information;
• 
  installation instructions;
• 
  rules for safe operation;
• 
  instructions for inspection and testing of equipment before operation;
• 
  instructions for inspection, maintenance and repair of equipment;
• 
  special marks.

The installation instructions must contain:

• 
  the dimensions of the minimum space for placing equipment and the safe distances from the equipment to the surface of the playground;
• 
  installation order ( detailed instructions for assembly and installation);
• 
  necessary markings to facilitate assembly (for example, marks on assembly parts of equipment and detailed instructions);
• 
  list of necessary special devices and tools for installation (lifting devices, templates, gauges, patterns, etc.), precautions for installation and installation;
• 
  torque values ​​(if necessary);
• 
  the size of the site for the installation of equipment of each type;
• 
  orientation of the equipment and its elements in order to protect it from the influence of climatic conditions (sun, wind (if necessary));
• 
  requirements for foundations, description of the design and placement of the foundation, requirements for anchoring;
• 
  description of landscape features to ensure safe operation;
• 
  free fall height (to select a shock-absorbing coating);
• 
  requirement for painting or special impregnation of equipment or its elements;
• 
  the requirement to remove mounting tools and fixtures before putting the equipment into service.

Instructions for the inspection and testing of equipment before operation and inspection, maintenance and repair of equipment should contain:

• 
  drawings, diagrams, diagrams, etc., necessary for inspections, checks and repairs of equipment;
• 
  recommendations on the frequency of inspections and maintenance, taking into account the materials used, operating conditions, the level of vandalism, the service life of the equipment, etc.;
• 
  indication of structural units and parts that require lubrication, bolt tightening, rope tension, etc.;
• 
  indication of additional measures applied during the period of running-in and adjustment of equipment;
• 
  requirements for special processing of equipment or its elements (if necessary);
• 
  the requirement for the manufacture of replaceable elements and parts according to specifications manufacturer;
• 
  requirement for maintenance of impact-absorbing surfaces of the playground, for example, the level of bulk materials.

Requirements for the safety of structures of equipment for children's playgrounds.

Injuries and damage on playgrounds occur according to different reasons. It is believed that the most severe consequences are head injuries during a fall. Playground surfaces should reduce the risk of head injury. The materials that provide shock mitigation during a fall include; rubber boards, soft tile materials, mats, continuous synthetic coating, bulk materials.

The playground equipment must be certified, comply with the requirements of sanitary and hygienic standards, protect the life and health of the child, be convenient in technical operation and aesthetically attractive. The safety of children's play equipment is ensured by the following regulatory documents: swings - GOST R 52167-2003, rocking chairs - GOST R 52299-2004. slides - GOST R 52168-2003, roundabouts - GOST R 52300-2004, cable cars- GOST R 54847-2011.

The requirements for the material of IF equipment and the conditions for its processing are as follows:

• 
  wooden equipment must be made of hardwood with a special treatment that has an environmental quality certificate and prevents rotting, drying out, fire, chipping; must be polished, sharp corners rounded;
• 
  metal should be used primarily for the supporting structures of equipment, have reliable connections and appropriate processing (moisture-resistant painting, anti-corrosion coating); it is recommended to use metal-plastic, which does not injure, does not rust, is frost-resistant;
• 
  concrete and reinforced concrete elements of equipment must be made of concrete of a grade of at least 300, frost resistance of at least 150, and have smooth surfaces;
• 
  equipment made of plastic and polymers should have a smooth surface and a bright, clean color scheme colors that do not fade from exposure to climatic factors.

The design of the gaming equipment must exclude sharp corners, the equipment handrails must be completely covered by the child's hand; to provide emergency assistance to children in playground equipment complexes with an internal space depth of more than 2 m, it is necessary to provide for the possibility of access inside in the form of holes (at least two) with a diameter of at least 500 mm.

Safety requirements for the operation of playground equipment.

When organizing and equipping playgrounds (most often courtyard, intra-quarter), the possibility of providing children from the very early age conditions for staged build-up physical activity and dynamism in order to acquire the habit of active life and sports activities.

Physical culture and playgrounds for preschoolers and children younger age should be equipped with a variety of elements and projectiles that reinforce the gradual increase in physical fitness in children, achieved in the process of games related to overcoming obstacles, warm-ups on projectiles, etc. This is facilitated by the numerous types of equipment currently produced for typical urban playgrounds. Many of them are designed for use by children in a wider age range, including children. school age.

It is necessary to divide the area of ​​the site of children's sports and play facilities into zones according to age categories, allocating places for children from 1 to 4 years old. Playgrounds for children of senior preschool and primary school age can be conditionally divided into zones for 5-7, 8-10; 11-12 years. The territory of the site for games is calculated based on the minimum area required

2 2 2 mine for one child: 1 - 4 years - 5 - 7 m ;5-7 years - 7-10m ;8-10 years - 10 - 12 m (according to

norms of MGSN 1.02).
Requirements for the safe installation of equipment are listed in Table 1.
Table 1.

Play equipment	Requirements
Swing	The height from ground level to the seat of the swing at rest must be at least 350 mm and not more than 635 mm. No more than two seats are allowed in one swing frame. In a double swing, a seat for small children (cradle) and a flat seat for older children should not be used together.
rocking chairs	The height from the ground to the seat in equilibrium should be 550-750 mm. The maximum inclination of the seat when moving back and forth is no more than 20 °. The design of the rocking chair should not allow the legs of the child sitting in it to fall under the supporting parts of the rocking chair, should not have sharp corners, the radius of their rounding should be at least 20 mm
Carousels	The minimum distance from ground level to the lower rotating structure of the carousel shall be not less than 60 mm and not more than 110 mm. The bottom surface of the turntable must be smooth. The maximum height from the bottom level of the carousel to its top point is 1 m
Slides	Access to the slide is through a ladder, climbing section or other devices. The height of the slope of a free-standing slide should not exceed 2.5 m, regardless of the type of access. The width of an open and straight slide is not less than 700 mm and not more than 950 mm. The launch pad is at least 300 mm long with a slope of up to 5°, but, as a rule, the width of the pad should be equal to the horizontal projection of the glide area. On a free-standing slide, the height of the side railing at the launch pad must be at least 0.75 m. The angle of inclination of the slide section must not exceed 60° at any point. At the end of the slope, the average slope should not exceed 10 °. The edge of the slope of the slide must be bent towards the ground with a radius of at least 50 mm and a bend angle of at least 100 °. The distance from the edge of the slope of the hill to the ground should be no more than 100 mm. The height of the enclosing ledge in the final section with a length of the sliding section of less than 1.5 m - no more than 200 mm, with a length of the sliding section of more than 1.5 m - no more than 350 mm. The slide tunnel must have a minimum height and width of 750 mm

When placing playground equipment on children's playgrounds, minimum safety distances must be observed in accordance with table 2.
Table 2.

Play equipment	Minimum distances
Swing	Not less than 1.5 m to the sides of the side structures and not less than 2 m forward (backward) from extreme points tilt swing
rocking chairs	Not less than 1.0 m to the sides of the side structures and not less than 1.5 m forward from the extreme points of the rocking chair in a state of inclination
Carousels	At least 2 m away from the side structures and at least 3 m up from the bottom rotating surface of the carousel
Slides	At least 1 m from the sides and 2 m forward from the bottom edge of the slide

Within the specified distances, it is not allowed to place other types of gaming equipment, benches, urns, side stones and hard surfaces, as well as branches, trunks, tree roots on the areas of the site.

On the territory of the children's playground must be information stand. "Rules for the operation of a children's playground." The stand contains information about the gaming equipment, the manufacturer of the gaming equipment, the purpose of the equipment and the requirements for the safe operation of the playground equipment.

To ensure safety at the children's playground, the operator develops and installs information boards or boards containing:

• 
  rules and age requirements when using the equipment;
• 
  telephone numbers of the rescue service, ambulance;
• 
  telephone number(s) for reporting equipment malfunctions and breakdowns to the maintenance service.

Entrances, exits, evacuation routes, passages intended for workers of the rescue service, ambulance, operation service must always be accessible, open and free from obstacles.

Equipment malfunctions detected during operation that reduce safety must be immediately eliminated. If this is not possible, then measures are taken to ensure that the equipment cannot be used, or the equipment is displayed and removed from the playing area.

requirements for technical condition, maintenance

Standards GOST 18322-78 (ST SEV 5151-85) and GOST R 52301-2004 stipulate the requirements for the maintenance of playground equipment.

The equipment and its components are inspected and serviced in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions at intervals specified by the manufacturer. Control over the technical condition of the equipment and control of compliance with safety requirements, maintenance and repair is carried out by the operator (owner).

The results of monitoring the technical condition of the equipment and monitoring compliance with safety requirements, maintenance and repair are recorded in a log that is kept by the operator (owner).

Monitoring the technical condition of equipment includes:

• 
  inspection and testing of equipment before commissioning;
• 
  regular visual inspection;
• 
  functional inspection;
• 
  annual basic inspection.

Regular visual inspection can detect obvious malfunctions and foreign objects that present hazards caused by the use of the equipment, climatic conditions, acts of vandalism (for example, broken bottles, cans, plastic bags, damaged items of equipment). The frequency of regular visual inspection is established by the operator (owner) based on the operating conditions. Playground equipment subject to heavy use or acts of vandalism requires a daily visual inspection.

Functional inspection is a detailed inspection to check the serviceability and stability of the equipment, to detect wear of the equipment structural elements.

Inspection is carried out at intervals of once every 1 to 3 months. in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Particular attention is paid to hidden, hard-to-reach equipment elements.

The annual main inspection for the purpose of assessing the compliance of the technical condition of the equipment with safety requirements is carried out at intervals of no more than once every 12 months.

During the annual main inspection determine:

• 
  the presence of rotting wooden elements;
• 
  the presence of corrosion of metal elements;
• 
  the impact of repair work to the safety of the equipment.

Particular attention is paid to hidden, hard-to-reach equipment elements. The annual basic inspection is carried out by competent personnel in strict accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.

In order to control the frequency, completeness and correctness of the work performed during inspections of various types, the operator (owner) develops inspection schedules.

When drawing up a schedule, take into account:

• 
  manufacturer's instructions;
• 
  climatic conditions, on which the frequency and content of the work performed during inspections may depend.

The schedule lists the equipment and equipment items to be checked during various types inspections.

If during the inspection of the equipment defects affecting the safety of the equipment are found, the defects are immediately eliminated. If this is not possible, then measures are taken to ensure that the equipment cannot be used, or the equipment is dismantled and removed from the playing area.

After removing the equipment, the foundation remaining in the ground is also removed or fenced and covered from above so that the area of ​​​​the playground is safe.

In order to avoid accidents and injuries to the child, it is necessary to carry out regular maintenance of children's playgrounds, which includes measures to maintain the safety and quality of the equipment and surfaces of the children's playground.

Regular equipment maintenance activities include:

• 
  checking and tightening the attachment points;
• 
  updating the color of equipment;
• 
  maintenance of impact-absorbing coatings;
• 
  bearing lubrication;
• 
  application of markings on the equipment indicating the required level of shock-absorbing coatings from bulk materials;
• 
  ensuring the cleanliness of equipment and coatings (removal of broken glass, debris and contaminants);
• 
  restoration of shock-absorbing coatings from bulk materials and adjustment of their level;
• 
  maintenance of the security zone space.

In addition, during the operation of children's play equipment, over time, there is a need for repair work - these are:

• 
  replacement of fasteners;
• 
  welding;
• 
  replacement of equipment parts;

To ensure the safety of the equipment, changes to the design of the equipment or its components are allowed only after consultation and written agreement with the equipment manufacturer.

Visual and functional inspections
In the process of visual and functional inspections, determine

• 
  purity and appearance playground surfaces and equipment;
• 
  observance of distances from parts of the equipment to the surface of the playground;
• 
  the presence of protruding parts of the foundations;
• 
  the presence of defects / malfunctions of equipment elements;
• 
  lack of equipment parts;
• 
  excessive wear of moving parts of equipment;
• 
  structural integrity of the equipment.

Examples of malfunctions during visual inspection (based on GOST R 52301-2004)

Examples of malfunctions during functional inspection based on GOST R 52301-2004.

Note:

Technical condition assessment sports equipment defined in the same way as in the examples above.
List of used literature

• 
  GOST R 52167-2012 “Equipment and coatings for children's playgrounds. Design safety and swing test methods. General requirements".
• 
  GOST R 52168-2012 “Equipment and coatings for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for slides. General requirements".
• 
  GOST R 52169-2003 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.

Design safety and test methods. General requirements".

• 
  GOST R 52299-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.

Design safety and test methods for rocking chairs. General requirements".

• 
  GOST R 52300-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.

Design safety and test methods for carousels. General requirements".

• 
  GOST R 52301-2004 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.

Operational safety".

• 
  GOST R EN 1177-2006 “Shock-absorbing coatings for children's playgrounds. Safety requirements and test methods”.
• 
  GOST R 53102-2008 “Equipment for children's playgrounds.

Terms and Definitions".

• 
  GOST 1177-2006 Impact-absorbing coatings for playgrounds.

Safety requirements for test methods.

• 
  GOST 18322-78 (ST SEV 5151-85) "Maintenance and repair system for equipment. Terms and definitions" (approved by the resolution of the USSR State Committee for Standards of November 15, 1978 N 2986)
• 
  Law Chuvash Republic dated July 23, 2003 N 22 "On Administrative Offenses in the Chuvash Republic"
• 
  Decree of the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation of September 27, 2003 N 170 "On approval of the Rules and norms for the technical operation of the housing stock"
• 
  Guidelines for the development of norms and rules for the improvement of territories municipalities Appendix to the order of the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation of December 27, 2011 N 613
• 
  Decision of the Cheboksary City Assembly of Deputies of the Chuvash Republic dated June 14, 2012 N 625 "On local standards for urban planning" Urban planning. Planning and development of the Cheboksary city district"

Playing in game room, children have the opportunity to show dexterity, ingenuity, caution, however, risk always contributes to the game, falls on and from equipment, bruises, collisions, and jams are possible. The need to ensure the safety of children is dictated by the statistics of accidents, both in playgrounds and in playrooms, and proves the priority of this direction.

The main requirement for a children's playroom and all types of equipment in it is to ensure maximum safety, minimizing the possibility of an accident, injury or injury to a child.

Most accidents in a children's playroom are the result of unsafe equipment design, improper play space layout, and equipment misuse.

On September 12, 2003, TK-455 was created by the efforts of the Department of Technical Regulation and Standardization, FSUE "VNIINMASH" and leading manufacturers of playground equipment.

The Technical Committee for Standardization TC 455 "Equipment for Children's Playgrounds" is developing a system of standards for the safety of equipment for children's playgrounds.

The development and implementation of a set of standards for the safety of children's play equipment is intended to become a regulatory framework for ensuring the required level of safety, calculation and testing methods, rules for the selection of materials and competent design, layout of all types of equipment, both on the playground and in the playroom, installation requirements and maintenance during operation.

It should be especially noted that in our country there were no safety standards for children's play equipment. Effective July 1, 2003 the federal law"On technical regulation" dated December 27, 2002 No. 184-FZ. According to this law, all standards, including standards for the safety of equipment for children's playgrounds, are voluntary.

Since the introduction of the standards on July 1, 2004, it is planned to carry out voluntary certification of equipment for children's playgrounds and rooms. The development and implementation of the Voluntary Certification System will serve as an additional condition for ensuring the quality and safety of children's play equipment.

Here are some requirements for children's play equipment:

1 The equipment must meet the requirements of:

International safety standards EN - 1176.

Russian standards:

GOST R 52169-2003. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods. General requirements;

GOST R 52168-2003. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for slides. General requirements;

GOST R 52167-2003. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and swing test methods. General requirements;

GOST R 52299-2004. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for rocking chairs. General requirements;

GOST R 52300-2004. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Design safety and test methods for carousels. General requirements;

GOST R 52301-2004. Equipment for children's playgrounds. Operational safety.

2 Each product must be accompanied by a technical passport, which should indicate: purpose, serial number, rules for safe operation and wiring diagrams for assembling the product.

3 Children's play equipment must be installed in accordance with Russian standards, age features children and include by set:

For children from 2 to 6 years old: houses, sandboxes, rocking chairs, carousels, small swings, mini-slides, educational abacus elements, cubes with letters and pictures, and more.

Bars, ropes, climbing vines, rings, hand walkers, slides from 1.5 m to 2.5 m high.

The supporting posts of the products must be made of glued wood, at least 100 mm x 100 mm in cross section. The upper part of the rack should be closed with a plastic plug, and the rack should end with a steel, galvanized embedded part, 500 mm long.

The frame of the slide must be made of a profile pipe with a cross section of at least 50 mm x 25 mm. The slope of the slide must be made of a single sheet, stainless steel, 2 mm thick. The presence of sides of slides with a height of at least 120 mm is mandatory in order to prevent injury to children.

The equipment must be provided with a game element in the form of a mesh made of polypropylene rope with metal cores. Grid clips must be made of aluminum alloy.

stairs play complexes must be made of wood, with wooden steps, the top surface of which is made of plywood.

It is forbidden to use angle steel in the manufacture of children's play equipment due to safety requirements.

4 Children's play equipment must meet the following safety requirements:

For children under 3 years old, the height of the playing surface is up to 0.6 m and the barrier is up to 0.7 m high;

For children over 3 years old, with a playing surface height of 1 to 2 meters, there must be a protective railing or barrier at least 0.7 m high;

Climbing equipment must not be higher than 4 meters. Handrails must be fully enclosed by hand to support diameters of at least 33mm.

The equipment must be secured so that adults have access to help children inside the equipment;

In a play area at a height, safety railings or barriers should be provided to protect children from falling;

The sizes of openings, tunnels, gratings, nets, etc. should not pose a danger for the fingers, toes, head of the child to get stuck;

Protruding nuts and edges of bolts must be closed with plastic plugs;

All embedded parts of the equipment must be attached to the foundations;

5 Requirements for the materials used for children's play equipment:

For the manufacture of wooden parts, coniferous wood with a moisture content of 7-10% should be used.

Wooden parts of the equipment must be carefully sanded and painted with professional two-component paints in the factory.

Steel parts and structures must be powder coated, all fasteners and embedded elements must be galvanized.

Equipment parts made of plastics must be constructed from high-quality plastic blanks and withstand mechanical loads. At the same time, minimum requirements for fire safety, as well as impact strength and resistance to aging of the plastics used, are provided. Particularly loaded planes must be sufficiently wear-resistant.

6 Requirements for the design of gaming equipment:

Strength and stability. The dimensions of the play equipment must be adequate for the forces involved in using it as prescribed. This takes into account the possibility of individual use of the equipment by adults.

Protruding parts of the equipment, which may injure children, must not protrude to the surface. This does not apply to parts of equipment performing one game function where this detail is visible to children.

All kinds of holes and cracks must be closed to eliminate the danger of getting into them various parts body. If holes and cracks cannot be closed or repaired for structural, functional or production reasons, protection against injury can also be achieved by taking special measures.

Steps and crossbars. During descents and ascents, the steps and crossbars are firmly connected to the risers. This requires reliable connections of wooden parts, guaranteed against distortions and shifts. Connections with nails or wooden bolts are not allowed.

Play equipment is designed in such a way that the risk to children of any age is obvious and can be foreseen. It is impossible that the elements of the equipment create sharp corners of less than 50%. Otherwise, these places are closed or shielded. This applies to everyone play areas where there is a risk of earthing limbs or clothing.

> General safety requirements for swings

In order to ensure the safe operation of swings by children, as far as possible, without unduly limiting the attractiveness of the game, the following minimum requirements for the design of products for public playrooms are established.

Sitting or standing places hanging nearby must be used independently of each other. At multi-seat swings, each child must be able to hold on.

The maximum permissible load of the swing is 2250 N per child. According to the manufacturer's instructions, the assembled swing must not tip over with a static horizontal force of 100 N in place.

The seat is closed; the distance between the suspensions must be at least 350 mm, the width of the seat must be a maximum of 500 mm, the depth must be at least 120 mm. In addition, stop devices must be provided. The distance of suspensions between attachment points should not be less than that of sitting or standing places.

The drop height must not exceed 2000 mm at any point in the swing zone up to a deviation of 60 0 . This means that the height of the swing, that is, the distance between the center of rotation and the playing surface, is limited to 3.6 m. For ease of use and safety, no more than two swings can be arranged directly next to each other.