Detailed description of plushkin. Plyushkin - characterization of the hero of the poem "Dead Souls

Plan
1. The history of writing the poem "Dead Souls".
2. The main task that N.V. Gogol when writing a poem.
3. Stepan Plyushkin as one of the representatives of the landlord class.
4. Appearance, life and customs of Stepan Plyushkin.
5. The reasons for the moral decay of the hero.
6. Conclusion.

The famous poem by N.V. Gogol "" was written in 1835. It was during this period that such a direction as realism gained particular popularity in literature. main goal which was a truthful and reliable depiction of reality through generalization typical features individual, society and life in general.

Throughout creative way interested in the inner world of man, his development and formation. When writing the poem "Dead Souls", the writer set as his main task the opportunity to comprehensively show the negative features of the landlord class. A prime example such a generalization is the image of Stepan Plyushkin.

Plyushkin does not appear in the poem immediately, this is the last landowner whom Chichikov pays a visit to during his journey. However, for the first time brief reviews Chichikov learns about his way of life and character in a flash during communication with Nozdryov and Sobakevich. As it turned out, Stepan Plyushkin is a landowner who is already over sixty, the owner of a large estate and more than a thousand serfs. The hero is distinguished by particular stinginess, greed and a mania for accumulation, but even such an impartial characterization did not stop Chichikov and he decides to get to know him.

Meets the hero in his estate, which was in decline and devastation. Was no exception and main house: all the rooms in it were locked, except for two, the hero lived in one of them. It seemed that in this room Plyushkin folded everything that caught his eye, any little thing that he subsequently did not use anyway: these were broken things, broken dishes, small pieces of paper, in a word - unnecessary rubbish to anyone.

Plushkin's appearance was as untidy as his house. It was clear that the clothes had long since fallen into disrepair, and the hero himself looked clearly older than his years. But it wasn't always like this... More recently, Stepan Plyushkin lived a measured, calm life surrounded by his wife and children in his native estate. Everything changed overnight ... Suddenly, the wife dies, the daughter marries an officer and runs away from her home, the son leaves to serve in the regiment. Loneliness, longing and despair took possession of this man. Everything on which, it would seem, his world rested, collapsed. The hero lost heart, but the last straw was the death of his outlet - the youngest daughter. Life is divided into "before" and "after". If quite recently Plyushkin lived only for the well-being of his family, now he sees his main goal only in the senseless filling of warehouses, barns, rooms of the house, in the moral outliving of himself ... he goes crazy. Avarice and greed, developing every day, finally broke the thin and previously strained thread of relations with children, who, as a result, were deprived of his blessing and financial support. This shows the special cruelty of the hero in relation to loved ones. Plushkin loses human face. After all, it is no coincidence that Chichikov, in the first minutes of meeting the hero, sees a sexless creature in front of him, which he takes for an elderly woman - a housekeeper. And only after a few minutes of reflection, he realizes that in front of him is still a man.

But why is it exactly like this: moral exhaustion, a ruined estate, a mania for hoarding? Perhaps, by doing so, the hero was only trying to fill his inner world, his emotional devastation, but this initial passion eventually grew into a destructive addiction, which, in the bud, outlived the hero from the inside. But he just lacked love, friendship, compassion and simple human happiness ...

Now it is impossible to say with complete certainty what the hero would be like if he had a beloved family, the opportunity to communicate with children and loved ones, because Stepan Plyushkina N.V. Gogol portrayed it this way: a hero who “lives an aimless life, vegetates”, being, in the words of the author of the poem himself, “a hole in humanity”. However, in spite of everything, those human feelings, which were unknown to other landowners who visited Chichikov. First, it is a feeling of gratitude. Plyushkin is the only one of the heroes who considered it right to express gratitude to Chichikov for buying "dead souls". Secondly, he is not alien to a reverent attitude to the past and to the life that he now lacked so much: what inner enthusiasm ran across his face at the mere mention of his old friend! All this suggests that the flame of life has not yet gone out in the soul of the hero, it exists and it is glimmering!

Stepan Plyushkin, of course, causes pity. It is this image that makes you think about how important it is to have close people in your life who will always be there: in moments of joy and in moments of sadness, who will support, lend a hand and stay close. But at the same time, it is important to remember that in any situation it is necessary to remain human and not lose your moral character! It is necessary to live, because life is given to everyone in order to leave a memorable mark behind!

Plushkin Stepan - the fifth, and last, of the "series" of landowners, to whom Chichikov addresses with a proposal to sell him dead souls. In a kind of negative hierarchy of landlord types, bred in the poem, this mean old man (he is in his seventies) occupies both the lowest and the highest step at the same time. His image represents complete necrosis. human soul, the almost complete death of a strong and bright personality, completely absorbed by the passion of stinginess - but that is precisely why it is able to resurrect and be transformed. (Below P., of the characters in the poem, only Chichikov himself “fell”, but for him the possibility of an even more grandiose “correction” is preserved by the author’s intention.)

This dual, "negative-positive" nature of the image of P. is indicated in advance by the finale of the 5th chapter; having learned from Sobakevich that a stingy landowner lives in the neighborhood, whose peasants are "dying like flies", Chichikov tries to find out the way to him from a passing peasant; he does not know any P., but guesses who he is talking about: “Ah, patched!” This nickname is humiliating - but the author (in accordance with the through reception of "Dead Souls") from satire instantly passes to lyrical pathos; admiring accuracy popular word, gives praise to the Russian mind and, as it were, moves from the space of a moralistic novel to the space epic poem"Like the Iliad."

But the closer Chichikov is to P.'s house, the more disturbing the author's intonation; suddenly - and as if for no reason at all - the author compares himself as a child with his current self, his then enthusiasm - with the current "coolness" of his gaze. "Oh my youth! O my freshness! It is clear that this passage equally applies to the author - and to the "dead" hero, whose meeting the reader will have to meet. And this involuntary rapprochement of the “unpleasant” character with the author in advance removes the image of P. from that series of “literary and theatrical” misers, with an eye on whom he is written, and distinguishes him from the stingy characters of picaresque novels, and from the greedy landlords of the moralistic epic, and from Harpagon from Molière's comedy "The Miser" (Harpagon has the same as P.'s, a tear lower his back), bringing him closer, on the contrary, to the Baron from " of the miserly knight» Pushkin and Balzac's Gobseck.

The description of the Plyushkin estate allegorically depicts the desolation - and at the same time the "littering" of his soul, which "does not grow rich in God." The entrance is dilapidated - the logs are pressed in like piano keys; everywhere special dilapidation, roofs like a sieve; the windows are covered with rags. At Sobakevich they were boarded up at least for the sake of economy, but here - solely because of the "devastation". Behind the huts one can see huge stacks of stale bread, similar in color to burnt bricks. As in a dark, “mirror-like” world, everything here is lifeless - even two churches, which should form the semantic center of the landscape. One of them, wooden, was empty; the other, stone, all cracked. A little later, the image of the empty church will metaphorically echo in the words of P., who regrets that the priest will not say a “word” against the universal love of money: “You cannot stand against the word of God!” (Traditional for Gogol, the motif of a "dead" attitude to the Word of Life.) The master's house, "this strange castle," is located in the middle of a cabbage garden. "Plyushkin" space cannot be captured with a single glance, it seems to fall apart into details and fragments - one part will open to Chichikov's gaze, then another; even the house - in some places on one floor, in some places on two. Symmetry, wholeness, balance began to disappear already in the description of Sobakevich's estate; here this "process" goes in breadth and depth. All this reflects the "segmentation" of the consciousness of the owner, who forgot about the main thing and focused on the third. For a long time he no longer knows how much, where and what is produced in his vast and ruined economy - but he keeps an eye on the level of the old liquor in the decanter: has anyone drunk.
The desolation "benefited" only Plyushkin's garden, which, starting near the master's house, disappears into the field. Everything else died, deadened, as in a Gothic novel, which is reminiscent of the comparison of Plyushkin's house with a castle. It’s like Noah’s ark, inside which the flood occurred (it’s no coincidence that almost all the details of the description, like in the ark, have their own “couple” - there are two churches, two gazebos, two windows, one of which, however, is sealed with a triangle of blue sugar paper ; P. had two blond daughters, etc.). The dilapidation of his world is akin to the dilapidation of the "antediluvian" world, which perished from passions. And P. himself is the failed “forefather” Noah, who degenerated from a zealous owner into a hoarder and lost any definiteness of appearance and position.

Having met P. on the way to the house, Chichikov cannot understand who is in front of him - a woman or a peasant, a housekeeper or a housekeeper, "rarely shaving her beard"? Having learned that this "housekeeper" is the rich landowner, the owner of 1,000 souls ("Ehva! And I'm the boss!"), Chichikov cannot get out of his stupor for twenty minutes. A portrait of P. (a long chin that has to be covered with a handkerchief so as not to spit; small, not yet extinct eyes run from under high eyebrows like mice; a greasy dressing gown has turned into yuft; "hero from the image of a wealthy landowner. But all this is not for the sake of "exposure", but only in order to recall the norm of "wise stinginess", from which P. tragically parted and to which he can still return.

Before, before the “fall”, P.’s gaze, like an industrious spider, “ran troublesomely, but quickly, along all ends of its economic web”; now the spider is entwining the pendulum of the stopped clock. Even the silver pocket watch that P. is going to give - but never gives - to Chichikov in gratitude for "getting rid" of dead souls, and those are "corrupted". The toothpick, with which the owner, perhaps, picked his teeth even before the French invasion, also reminds of the past time (and not only of stinginess).

It seems that, having described the circle, the narrative returned to the point from which it began - the first of the "Chichikovsky" landowners, Manilov, lives out of time in the same way as the last of them, P. But there is no time in the world of Manilov and never It was; he has lost nothing - he has nothing to return. P. had everything. This is the only hero of the poem, besides Chichikov himself, who has a biography, has a past; the present can do without the past, but without the past there is no way to the future. Before the death of his wife, P. was a diligent, experienced landowner; the daughters and son had a French teacher and a madam; however, after that, P. developed a "complex" of a widower, he became more suspicious and stingy. He took the next step away from the path of life determined for him by God after the secret flight of his eldest daughter, Alexandra Stepanovna, with the staff captain and the unauthorized determination of his son in military service. (Even before the "flight" he considered the military gamblers and spendthrifts, but now he is completely hostile to military service.) Youngest daughter died; the son lost at cards; P.'s soul hardened completely; the "wolf hunger of stinginess" took possession of him. Even the buyers refused to deal with him - for he is a "demon" and not a man.

The return of the “prodigal daughter”, whose life with the staff captain turned out to be not particularly satisfying (an obvious plot parody of the finale of Pushkin’s “ stationmaster”), reconciles P. with her, but does not relieve her of fatal greed. After playing with his grandson, P. did not give anything to Alexandra Stepanovna, and he dried up the Easter cake she gave him on his second visit and now he is trying to treat Chichikov with this cracker. (The detail is also not accidental; Easter cake is an Easter “meal”; Easter is the triumph of the Resurrection; having dried the cake, P., as it were, symbolically confirmed that his soul had become dead; but in itself, the fact that a piece of Easter cake, albeit moldy, is always kept by him , is associated with the theme of the possible "Easter" rebirth of his soul.)

Clever Chichikov, guessing the substitution that has taken place in P., appropriately "retools" his usual opening speech; just as in P. "virtue" is supplanted by "economy", and "rare properties of the soul" - by "order", so they are also replaced in Chichikov's "attack" to the theme of the dead shower. But the fact of the matter is that greed was not able to take possession of the heart of P. to the last limit. Having made a bill of sale (Chichikov convinces the owner that he is ready to take on tax expenses on the dead "for your pleasure"; the list of the dead at the economic P. is already ready, it is unknown for what need), P. wonders who in the city could reassure her on his behalf, and remembers that the Chairman was his school friend. And this memory (here the course of the author's reflections at the beginning of the chapter is completely repeated) suddenly revives the hero: "... on this wooden face<...>expressed<...>pale reflection of feeling. Naturally, this is a random and instantaneous glimpse of life.

Therefore, when Chichikov, not only acquiring 120 dead souls, but also buying runaway ones for 27 kopecks. for the soul, leaves from P., the author describes a twilight landscape in which the shadow with the light "completely mixed" - as in the unfortunate soul of P.

Dead Souls, where main character decided to buy the souls of dead peasants from the landowners, we meet with different ways landowners of that time. There are five of them, and each of them has a soul that has long since died. Just Plyushkin, the last of the landowners, where Chichikov came for the souls. Plyushkin in the poem Dead Souls we will present in our essay.

Plushkin, characterization of the hero

Considering Plyushkin and making his characterization according to the plan, we see not only his description, general image, but also his attitude towards serfs, his family, as well as his attitude towards his estate.

The surname Plyushkin was not chosen by Gogol by chance, because the writer often resorted to symbolic names. So the name Plushkin can be applied to those who are greedy and stingy in life. These people do not save for a good life, but for the sake of saving. They save aimlessly, and therefore the life of such people is aimless. This is precisely the fifth landowner of Plyushkin's work with his further description.

So, in Gogol's work, we met Plyushkin, who, if earlier, if he was a rich landowner and an exemplary family man, then after the death of his wife, his life changed. Children from such a father left. With all his wealth, he does not want to help them. Having good savings, Plyushkin does not invest his money in anything. He only saves, and he really likes this process.

When Chichikov first sees Plyushkin, he confuses the owner with the housekeeper. He was so poorly dressed that he could be confused with a beggar at the church. And here we understand that it is a pity for a skvolyga to spend his money not only on children, but also on himself. Plushkin is not worried about the estate, which has long been impoverished, and is dilapidated. He continues to save and everything suits.

Plyushkin is constantly being downcast. Despite the stocks, which are full in the warehouse and they simply disappear, he says that he does not have enough food. And then we again see his greed, because from his warehouses he does not give out a crumb to the serfs.

Speaking about the attitude towards serfs, he is very cruel. His serfs, like himself, are beggarly dressed, always hungry and skinny. Despite their hard work, he calls them lazy and accuses them of stealing, although they never took crumbs without the master's permission.

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In Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" all the characters have the features of collectiveness and typicality. Each of the landowners whom Chichikov visits with his strange request for the sale and purchase of "dead souls" personifies one of characteristic images landowners of Gogol's modernity. In terms of describing the characters of the landowners, Gogol's poem is interesting primarily because Nikolai Vasilyevich was a foreigner in relation to the Russian people, Ukrainian society was closer to him, so Gogol was able to notice the specific character traits and behavior of certain types of people.

Age and appearance of Plushkin

One of the landowners visited by Chichikov is Plyushkin. Until the moment personal acquaintance Chichikov already knew something about this landowner - basically it was information on the subject of his stinginess. Chichikov knew that thanks to this trait, Plyushkin's serfs "die like flies", and those who did not die run away from him.

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In the eyes of Chichikov, Plyushkin became an important candidate - he had the opportunity to buy up a lot of "dead souls".

However, Chichikov was not ready to see Plyushkin's estate and get to know him personally - the picture that opened before him plunged him into bewilderment, Plyushkin himself also did not stand out from the general background.

To his horror, Chichikov realized that the person he took for the housekeeper was in fact not the housekeeper, but the landowner Plyushkin himself. Plyushkin could have been taken for anyone, but not for the richest landowner in the district: he was unreasonably thin, his face was slightly elongated and just as terribly thin as his body. His eyes were small and unusually lively for an old man. The chin was very long. His appearance was complemented by a toothless mouth.

The work of N. V. Gogol reveals the theme little man. We invite you to read its summary.

Plyushkin's clothes were absolutely not like clothes, it could hardly even be called that. Plyushkin paid absolutely no attention to his costume - he was worn out to such an extent that his clothes looked like rags. Plyushkin could well have been mistaken for a tramp.

Natural senile processes were added to this appearance - at the time of the story, Plyushkin was about 60 years old.

The problem of the name and the meaning of the surname

Plyushkin's name is never found in the text, it is likely that this was done intentionally. In this way, Gogol emphasizes Plyushkin's detachment, the callousness of his character and the lack of a humanistic principle in the landowner.

In the text, however, there is a point that can help reveal the name of Plyushkin. The landowner from time to time calls his daughter by her patronymic - Stepanovna, this fact gives the right to say that Plyushkin's name was Stepan.

It is unlikely that the name of this character is chosen as a specific character. Translated from Greek, Stepan means “crown, diadem” and indicates a constant attribute of the goddess Hera. It is unlikely that this information was decisive in choosing a name, which cannot be said about the hero's surname.

In Russian, the word "plyushkin" is used to nominate a person who is characterized by stinginess and a mania for accumulating raw materials and material base without any purpose.

Marital status of Plushkin

At the time of the story, Plyushkin is a lonely person leading an ascetic lifestyle. He has been a widow for a long time. Once upon a time, Plyushkin's life was different - his wife brought the meaning of life into Plyushkin's being, she stimulated the appearance of positive qualities in him, contributed to the emergence of humanistic qualities. In their marriage, three children were born - two girls and a boy.

At that time, Plyushkin was not at all like a petty miser. He gladly received guests, was a sociable and open person.

Plyushkin was never a spender, but his stinginess had its reasonable limits. His clothes were not new - he usually wore a frock coat, he was noticeably worn, but he looked very decent, he did not even have a single patch on him.

Reasons for changing character

After the death of his wife, Plyushkin completely succumbed to his grief and apathy. Most likely, he did not have a predisposition to communicate with children, he was little interested and fascinated by the process of upbringing, so the motivation to live and be reborn for the sake of children did not work for him.

In the future, he begins to develop a conflict with older children - as a result, they, tired of constant grumbling and deprivation, leave their father's house without his permission. The daughter marries without Plyushkin's blessing, and the son enters military service. Such liberty became the cause of Plyushkin's anger - he curses his children. The son was categorical towards his father - he completely cut off contact with him. The daughter still did not abandon her father, despite such an attitude towards her relatives, she visits the old man from time to time and brings her children to him. Plyushkin does not like to mess with his grandchildren and takes their meetings extremely cool.

Plyushkin's youngest daughter died as a child.

Thus, Plyushkin was left alone in his large estate.

Plushkin's estate

Plyushkin was considered the richest landowner in the county, but Chichikov, who came to his estate, thought it was a joke - Plyushkin's estate was in a dilapidated state - the house had not been renovated for many years. Moss could be seen on the wooden elements of the house, the windows in the house were boarded up - it seemed that no one actually lived here.

Plyushkin's house was huge, now it was empty - Plyushkin lived alone in the whole house. Because of its desolation, the house resembled old castle.

Inside the house was not much different from the outside. Since most of the windows in the house were boarded up, the house was incredibly dark and it was difficult to see anything. The only place that has penetrated sunlight These are Plyushkin's private rooms.

An incredible mess reigned in Plyushkin's room. It seems that it was never cleaned here - everything was covered in cobwebs and dust. Broken things lay everywhere, which Plyushkin did not dare to throw away, as he thought he might still need them.

Garbage also was not thrown anywhere, but was piled up right there in the room. Plushkin's desk was no exception - important papers and documents lay mixed with rubbish here.

A huge garden grows behind Plyushkin's house. Like everything in the estate, it is in disrepair. No one has cared for the trees for a long time, the garden is overgrown with weeds and small bushes, which are covered with hops, but even in this form the garden is beautiful, it stands out sharply against the background of deserted houses and dilapidated buildings.

Features of Plyushkin's relationship with serfs

Plyushkin is far from the ideal of a landowner; he behaves rudely and cruelly with his serfs. Sobakevich, talking about his attitude towards serfs, claims that Plyushkin starves his subjects, which significantly increases the death rate among serfs. The appearance of Plyushkin's serfs becomes a confirmation of these words - they are unnecessarily thin, immensely thin.

Not surprisingly, many serfs run away from Plyushkin - life on the run is more attractive.

Sometimes Plyushkin pretends to take care of his serfs - he goes into the kitchen and checks whether they are eating well. However, he does this for a reason - while the quality control of food passes, Plyushkin manages to eat heartily. Of course, this trick did not hide from the peasants and became an occasion for discussion.

Plyushkin constantly accuses his serfs of theft and fraud - he believes that the peasants are always trying to rob him. But the situation looks completely different - Plyushkin intimidated his peasants so much that they are afraid to take at least something for themselves without the knowledge of the landowner.

The tragedy of the situation is also created by the fact that Plyushkin's warehouse is bursting with food, almost all of it becomes unusable and then thrown away. Of course, Plyushkin could give the surplus to his serfs, thereby improving living conditions and raising his authority in their eyes, but greed takes over - it is easier for him to throw away unusable things than to do a good deed.

Characteristics of personal qualities

In his old age, Plyushkin became an unpleasant type because of his quarrelsome nature. People began to avoid him, neighbors and friends began to visit less and less often, and then they completely stopped communicating with him.

After the death of his wife, Plyushkin preferred a solitary way of life. He believed that guests are always harmful - instead of doing something really useful, you have to spend time in empty conversations.

By the way, such a position of Plyushkin did not bring the desired results - his estate confidently fell into disrepair until it finally took on the appearance of an abandoned village.

There are only two joys in the life of the old Plyushkin - scandals and the accumulation of finances and raw materials. Sincerely speaking, he gives himself to one and the other with his soul.

Plyushkin surprisingly has the talent to notice any little things and even the most insignificant flaws. In other words, he is overly picky about people. He is unable to express his remarks calmly - basically he shouts and scolds his servants.

Plyushkin is incapable of doing something good. He is callous and Cruel person. He is indifferent to the fate of his children - he lost touch with his son, while his daughter periodically tries to reconcile, but the old man stops these attempts. He believes that they have a selfish goal - the daughter and son-in-law want to get rich at his expense.

Thus, Plyushkin is a most terrible landowner who lives for a definite purpose. In general, he is endowed with negative character traits. The landowner himself does not realize the true results of his actions - he seriously thinks that he is a caring landowner. In fact, he is a tyrant, destroying and destroying the fate of people.

Plyushkin in the poem "Dead Souls": analysis of the hero, image and characteristics

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The image of Plyushkin from Gogol's poem "Dead Souls" is described in an unusual manner for the author - basically, Gogol widely uses elements of humor to characterize his heroes. For Plyushkin, there was no humor left - a realistic description of the stingy landowner and the consequences of his activities - that's what Nikolai Vasilyevich offers.

The symbolism of the surname

Gogol did not neglect symbolism in his works. Very often the names and surnames of the heroes of his works are symbolic. With the help of opposition to the characteristics of the hero or synonymy, they contribute to the disclosure of certain characteristics of the character.

Basically, the disclosure of symbolism does not require certain knowledge - the answer always lies on the surface. The same trend is observed in the case of Plyushkin.

The word "plyushkin" means a person who is distinguished by extraordinary stinginess and greed. The purpose of his life becomes the accumulation of a certain state (both in the form of finance, and in the form of products or raw materials) without a specific goal.

In other words, he saves in order to save. The accumulated good, as a rule, does not come true anywhere and is used with minimal expense.

This designation is fully consistent with the description of Plushkin.

Appearance and condition of the costume

Plyushkin is endowed with effeminate features in the poem. He has an elongated and unnecessarily thin face. Plyushkin did not have distinctive facial features. Nikolai Vasilievich claims that his face was not much different from the faces of other old people with emaciated faces.

hallmark Plyushkin's appearance had an exorbitantly long chin. The landowner had to cover him with a handkerchief so as not to spit. The image was complemented by small eyes. They had not yet lost their liveliness and looked like small animals. Plyushkin never shaved, his overgrown beard did not look the most attractive way and resembled a comb for horses.

Plyushkin had not a single tooth.

Plushkin's costume wants to look better. To be honest, it is impossible to call his clothes a suit - they look so worn and strange that they resemble the rags of a tramp. Usually Plyushkin is dressed in an incomprehensible dress, similar to a woman's hood. His hat was also borrowed from the women's wardrobe - it was a classic cap of yard women.

The costume was in terrible condition. When Chichikov saw Plyushkin for the first time, he could not determine his gender for a long time - Plyushkin by his behavior and appearance very much like a housekeeper. After the identity of the strange housekeeper was established, Chichikov came to the conclusion that Plyushkin did not look like a landowner at all - if he were near the church, he could easily be mistaken for a beggar.

Plushkin's family and his past

Plyushkin was not always such a person when he was young, his appearance and character were absolutely different from the current ones.

A few years ago Plyushkin was not alone. He was a man quite happily married. His wife definitely had a positive influence on the landowner. After the birth of the children, Plyushkin's life also pleasantly changed, but this did not last long - soon his wife died, leaving Plyushkin three children - two girls and a boy.

Plyushkin hardly survived the loss of his wife, it was difficult for him to cope with the blues, so he moved more and more away from his usual rhythm of life.

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A picky and quarrelsome character contributed to the final discord - the eldest daughter and son left their father's house without the blessing of their father. The youngest daughter died some time later. Eldest daughter, despite the difficult nature of his father, tries to maintain relations with him and even brings him children to visit. I lost contact with my son a long time ago. How his fate turned out and whether he is alive - the old man does not know.

Personality characteristic

Plushkin is a man difficult nature. It is likely that certain inclinations for the development of certain qualities were laid in him earlier, but under the influence family life and personal well-being, they did not acquire such a characteristic appearance.

Plyushkin was seized with anxiety - his concern and anxiety had long passed an acceptable measure and became a certain obsessive thought. After the death of his wife and daughter, he finally became callous in soul - the concepts of sympathy and love for others are alien to him.

This trend is observed not only in relation to strangers in the related plan of people, but also to the closest relatives.

The landowner leads a solitary life, he hardly communicates with his neighbors, he has no friends. Plyushkin likes to spend time alone, he is attracted by the ascetic way of life, the arrival of guests is associated with something unpleasant for him. He does not understand why people visit each other and considers it a waste of time - many useful things can be done during this time period.

It is impossible to find those who want to make friends with Plyushkin - everyone eschews the eccentric old man.

Plyushkin lives without a definite purpose in life. Due to his stinginess and pettiness, he was able to accumulate significant capital, but he does not plan to somehow use the accumulated money and raw materials - Plyushkin likes the accumulation process itself.

Despite significant financial reserves, Plyushkin lives very poorly - he is sorry to spend money not only on his relatives and friends, but also on himself - his clothes have long turned into rags, the house is leaky, but Plyushkin sees no point in improving something - his and so everything suits.

Plyushkin likes to complain and show off. It seems to him that he has only little - and he does not have enough food, and there is too little land, and even an extra tuft of hay cannot be found on the farm. In fact, everything is different - its food reserves are so large that they become unusable right in storage.

The second thing in life that brings pleasure in Plyushkin's life is quarrels and scandals - he is always dissatisfied with something and likes to express his dissatisfaction in the most unattractive form. Plyushkin is too picky person, it is impossible to please him.

Plyushkin himself does not notice his shortcomings, he believes that in fact everyone treats him with prejudice and cannot appreciate his kindness and care.

Plushkin's estate

No matter how Plyushkin complained about his employment with the estate, it is worth recognizing that as a landowner Plyushkin was not the best and most talented.

His large estate is not much different from an abandoned place. The gates and the fence along the garden were utterly worn out - in some places the fence collapsed, and no one was in a hurry to close up the holes that had formed.

On the territory of his village there used to be two churches, but now they are in disrepair.
Plyushkin's house is in a terrible state - probably it has not been repaired for many years. From the street, the house looks like a non-residential one - the windows in the estate were boarded up, only a few were opened. In some places, mold appeared, the tree was overgrown with moss.

Inside the house does not look better - the house is always dark and cold. The only room in which natural light penetrates is Plyushkin's room.

The whole house is like a garbage dump - Plyushkin never throws anything away. He thinks that these things can still be useful to him.

Plyushkin's office is also in chaos and disorder. Here is a broken chair that can no longer be repaired, a clock that does not work. In the corner of the room is a dump - what lies in a pile is difficult to make out. From the general heap stands out the sole from old shoes and a broken shovel handle.

It seems that the rooms were never cleaned - there was cobwebs and dust everywhere. Plyushkin's desk was also out of order - there were papers mixed with rubbish.

Attitude towards serfs

In the possession of Plyushkin is big number serfs - about 1000 people. Of course, caring for and correcting the work of so many people require certain strengths and skills. However, there is no need to talk about the positive achievements of Plyushkin's activities.

Plyushkin treats his peasants uncomfortably and cruelly. They differ little in appearance from their master - their clothes are torn, their houses are dilapidated, and the people themselves are immensely thin and hungry. From time to time, one of Plyushkin's serfs decides to escape, because the life of a fugitive becomes more attractive than that of Plyushkin's serf. Plyushkin sells about 200 "dead souls" to Chichikov - this is the number of people who died and serfs who escaped from him in a few years. Compared with " dead souls The rest of the landlords, the number of peasants sold to Chichikov looks terrifying.

We suggest that you familiarize yourself with the story of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol "The Overcoat".

Peasant houses look even worse than the estate of the landowner. In the village it is impossible to find a single house with a whole roof - rain and snow freely penetrate into the dwelling. There are no windows in the houses either - the holes in the windows are patched up with rags or old clothes.

Plyushkin speaks extremely disapprovingly of his serfs - in his eyes they are lazy and loafers, but in fact this is slander - Plyushkin's serfs work hard and honestly. They sow grain, grind flour, dry fish, make fabrics, and make various household items from wood, in particular dishes.

According to Plyushkin, his serfs are the most thieving and inept - they do everything somehow, without diligence, besides, they constantly rob their master. In fact, everything is not so: Plyushkin intimidated his peasants so much that they are ready to die of cold and hunger, but they will not take anything from their landowner's warehouse.

Thus, in the image of Plyushkin, the qualities of a greedy and stingy person were embodied. Plyushkin is not capable of feeling affection for people, or at least sympathy - he is hostile to absolutely everyone. He considers himself a good owner, but in fact this is self-deception. Plyushkin does not care about his serfs, he starves them, undeservedly accuses them of theft and laziness.

Characteristics of Plyushkin in the poem "Dead Souls": description of appearance and character