Plan-summary of the integrated lesson "dance music". Outline of the integrated lesson "dance music" Basic figures of the polonaise

The purpose of the lesson: Formation of the musical culture of schoolchildren as an important part of spiritual culture.

Lesson objectives:

• Continue acquaintance with musical genres, expand your understanding of the musical genre - dance.
• Raise interest and love for the art of music;
• Develop vocal and choral skills.

Material used:

• Rachmaninov S. "Polka"
• Chopin "Polonaise in A Major"
• Chopin "Mazurka"
• Tchaikovsky P. "Waltz" from the ballet "Sleeping Beauty"
• Tchaikovsky P. "Waltz"
• Adler "Song of the Minuet"

1. Organizing time. Line up students in front of the class. Entrance to the classroom with music.
2. Work on the topic of the lesson.

Teacher: Hello guys! (teacher plays a descending D minor triad, twice each sound)

Students: Hello! (when students answer, the teacher plays a descending D minor triad).

Teacher: We are starting the lesson! Today at the lesson we continue to get acquainted with musical genre- dance. Tell me, when do people dance?

Students: When it's a holiday, when it's fun, at matinees ...

Teacher: What dances do you know?

Students: waltz, polka...

Teacher: Yes! And the first dance that we will meet today is polonaise . (Sounds like Chopin's Polonaise)/ Translated into Russian, the name of the dance sounds simply like the word “Polish”. What country do you think this dance originated in?

Students: in Poland!

Teacher: Indeed, this dance came to us from Poland. An old Polish dance of a solemn nature, in which only warrior knights used to participate. Since the 16th century, the polonaise has been known as a court dance in Europe. Polonaise is a very simple dance, it is something like a parade step. Therefore, it has a second name - a procession dance.

Teacher: And the next dance also came from Poland.

Student:

The mazurka rang out. used to
When the mazurka thundered,
Everything in the great hall was trembling,
The parquet cracked under his heels.

Teacher: It - mazurka . I think that few people know where the name of this dance came from. Mazurka is a dance that came from Poland. There is the region of Mazovia, and the people living in this region were called Masurians. The dance got its name from the name of the locals - the mazurka. What is the character of the mazurka? (Chopin's "Mazurka" sounds).

Student responses.

Teacher: And the next dance is often considered a Polish dance, although this is not true, since polka appeared in the Czech Republic. The word "Polka" in Czech means "half a step". They dance it in pairs in a circle, moving in small and fast jumps. So, I invite all polka lovers to dance! Children perform movements as shown by the teacher. (Sounds "Polka" Rachmaninoff).

Teacher: Once upon a time they loved to dance an old dance minuet . And in which country the minuet appeared, you will now find out for yourself. (The teacher sings Adler's song "Minuet").

Teacher: In which country did the minuet originate?

Students: in France.

Teacher: Absolutely correct. The minuet is a French dance characterized by a large number of bows and curtsies. (Learning the song. 1 stage of work on the pen.)

Student:

Not much has been said about this dance.
He is sung in songs and poems!
And no matter how many dances happened.
Better and prettier waltz No!

Teacher: The word "Waltz" in translation from German means "spinning", "circling". Indeed, when we listen to a waltz, some kind of whirling appears in our imagination. Waltz appeared a long time ago - more than 200 years ago. But to this day, it is not inferior in popularity to the new fashionable dances. Who invented the waltz? We cannot answer this question, because the waltz was invented not by one person, but by thousands. And these people lived in small towns in Germany and Austria - “landal”, which means province. It was there that the dance was born, which was called Lendler. Once in the musical capital of the world - Vienna, the dance was called the waltz. (Waltz from the ballet "Sleeping Beauty" sounds). This waltz was written by the well-known Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. P. Tchaikovsky wrote a lot beautiful waltzes, and we have now listened to one of the waltzes. What is the nature of the waltz?

Student responses.

Teacher: I suggest you play a game-competition “Who is the best to portray a waltz?” (Children participate at will. Sounds "Waltz" by P. Tchaikovsky)

Teacher: Well done! Guys, which “whale” is visiting us today?

Students: Dance.

Teacher: What dances did we meet today?

Students: Polonaise, mazurka, polka, minuet, waltz.

Teacher: Dance opens the door to any music. With the help of dance we will enter the doors of any symphony, ballet. And I want to end this lesson with the following words:

Oh dance! You are a great creation
Nothing is more beautiful no light,
Than the triumph of love and inspiration,
Ovation delightful bouquet!
Mazurka, polonaise and polka,
The king of all dances is the good old waltz.
And music is an enchanting power
Carries and circles us in a stellar whirlwind!

Exit under the “Italian polka”.

Polonaise, like most historical dances, consisted of dance figures. The dancers in a certain sequence performed, going one by one, the figures that formed the dance. The polonaise most clearly reflects this philosophy of construction. historical dance.

Basic Polonaise Figures

One of the simplest dance figures in a polonaise is the promenade. This figure is executed in such a way that all dancing couples they follow the leading couple counterclockwise. Column - this figure is called a column, since after its execution all the dancers line up in a row in the center of the hall, forming a column. As a rule, after the column, the next figure is a corridor. The couples converge in turn and go along the corridor to the end of the hall. At the end of the hall, the couples part one by one. One pair goes to the left, the next pair to the right.

Crossbar and ladies solo

Crossbar. This figure begins with the fact that the couples stand opposite each other in columns. After that, they begin to move towards. When meeting, the couples pass one column through the other. Finishing the performance of the figure, the dancers unite and continue to move. Ladies solo. This dance figure is performed in 8 measures. The initial position of the dancers: couples stand in two lines opposite each other. After that, the ladies begin to move towards another partner who is standing with the lady in front of her. The movement continues until the two girls meet each other. Then they reach the gentleman standing opposite and go around him counterclockwise. Then the lady returns to her partner in the same way.

Another figure of historical dance has long been known to us. It's called the lady's bypass. This is one of the most easily performed polonaise figures. The man kneels and raises his hand. The girl takes his raised hand and walks around him four times counterclockwise.

Instruction

The basis of any dance is the step. The step of the polonaise gives it a special solemnity. Imagine which side your partner will be standing on. The leg that is closest to it when you are standing next to it is called the inside leg. At the first step, it will be a reference. Raise the outside leg and bring it forward, crouching slightly on the supporting leg. The outside leg is placed on the toe. The second step is done with the inside leg without any squatting, but it is also transferred to the toe. The third step is with the outside leg on a full foot.

The second "cycle" begins with the inside leg. At the same time, the support is external, and it is necessary to sit down on it. In the same way as in the first case, the leg is brought forward on the toe. The second step is also done on the toe, the third - on the full foot.

After you master the steps and, most importantly, learn how to perform them to the music - learn the basic formations. It is better to do this with a partner or even a group, because there are many changes in the polonaise. Try to do the promenade together. Choose a leading pair that moves in a counter-clockwise circle. All other couples follow her. Pay special attention to the position of the hands. Towards the end of the promenade, the dancers form a column, passing through the middle of the hall or clearing.

Dance figures can be announced, as was often done at balls. Announce the corridor. The first couple turns to face the rest of the dancers and walks along the center of the column to the end of the hall. Then the second pair does the same, then the third, and so on until all the participants have passed. The couples at the end of the hall move through one to the left and right.

After the corridor, the couples form two columns on the sides of the hall. The next basic figure is the crossbar. Couples line up in columns that begin to move towards. Participants pass into the gaps of the oncoming column. After that, the dancers again become pairs with the same partners and continue to move, then line up again in two lines.

Then the ladies' solo begins. The partner moves to the opposite partner of another lady, who at this time also moves to another gentleman. The solo continues until the two ladies meet. They go to the gentleman standing in front of them and go around him counterclockwise, after which everyone in their pairs. Another figure - the ladies bypass the gentlemen. The partner gets on one knee and raises his hand. The partner goes around him four times. Like most polonaise movements, this one is played counterclockwise.

additional education

"Children's Art School"

Compiled by:

Korenchenko Zh.N.

Ovadovskaya N.I.

teacher

piano department

Kesova Gora 2016

Children's Art School

Topic:

Lesson type : combined lesson.

Goals:

Tasks :

educational:

educational:

developing:

Predicted results:

subject:

metasubject:

Integrated Lesson Plan:

4. Completion of the lesson -3 min.

Equipment:

During the classes .

Student reads:

Ovation delightful bouquet!

Mazurka, polonaise and polka,

And music is an enchanting power

Student speaks:

Student reads:

Student reads:

There are many waltzes in the world,

Adults and children are circling

And for the little ones

And the waltz is called small.

3 cells, piano.

Student reads:

Balls, balls and music plays,

And we call the dance "Minuet"

Tsyurkalo Daniel, 2nd grade,

Teacher:

Dance is a light breeze

Like a marshmallow, he is tender,

So the moth flutters

Fresh in the morning.

M. Glinka "Polka"

Student reads:

We can't stop

Dancing heart and soul.

It hurts the polka is good

To cheerful music

We dance the polka.

Teacher:

J.S. Bach "Giga" in E minor

Teacher:

Student:

I almost missed you...
After all, I open the ball.

I am a Polish dance and for a long time

This is the name given to me...

• Bhimbetka rock dwellings (India
• sculptures .
• dance ( Greek choreography Terpsichore corybantes and bacchantes
• St. Vitus and dance of death 14th century bala pair dance 1385 in Amiens branle , pavan , allemande , fandango , sardane , muisheranga flamenco Krakowiak .
• AT 1589 Tuano Arbo , which indicates the appearanceclassical dance . In the XVII (17) century appearsballet , with such characteristic dances howminuet and country dance . AT 1713 in Paris, the first ballet school was established, the classes of which were held inRoyal Opera . In the XVIII (18) century appearswaltz , bolero and quadrille , and in the XIX (19) century - polka . famous ballerina XIX (19) century was the performer of the role of GiselleCarlotta Grisi .
• AT 1830 in paris (Montparnasse ) a stage female dance appearedcancan , the distinctive element of which was energetic leg swings, raising skirts and a spectacular split at the end. famous performer the cancan wasLa Goulue . AT 1868 in France there was such a dance genre asburlesque , from which it subsequently branched offstriptease (Moulin rouge , 1893 ).
• AT 1892 appears Modern dance (Loi Fuller ), which was subsequently developed and popularizedIsadora Duncan
• In 1911 formedRussian Ballet Diaghilev in which they took an active partVaslav Nijinsky and Matilda Kshesinskaya . In 1934 Vaganova published the workBasics of classical dance
• At the beginning of the 20th century, such dances appeared asfoxtrot , Charleston , cha-cha-cha . important role in the emergence modern dance played African American traditionswing and music jazz . The conflict of dance partners is accentuated in dancespaso doble and tango . world fame acquired by the Braziliancarnival samba . The interpenetration of Eastern and Western traditions created such dance direction like Japanesebuto . In the 1970s in New York, acontact improvisation - a technique that has had a significant impact on the development of Western modern dance. At the same time in the American street hip hop culture is emergingbrakedance .
• At the end of the 20th century, under the influence of the club subculture, dances appeared with characteristic erotic movements, such asGo go .

Teacher:

Guys, today you learned a lot about dance music, about the history of dances, about types of dances. Let's see how you remember the names of the dances and solve the crossword puzzle.

To do this, you will watch a few videos that will help you determine the name of the dance music or the dance itself.

1. Gypsy dance, which came from Spain. Performed by a dancer in a black and red dress with castanets, a fan (flamenco)

2. Slow German court dance of the Baroque era, appeared in the 16th century, has a 2-beat size (alemanda)

3. Fast folk dance, which has been preserved in Ireland, in the old days English sailors loved it. It has a tripartite size. They dance it to the music of a small violin (jig), hence the name (jiga or jig)

4. Russian dance, having French name. Performed by two or four couples facing each other (quadrille)

5. An old Spanish funeral dance of the 16th century, created specifically for the funeral rite (saraband)

6. The name of this dance comes from the Italian city of Taranto, and also from the name of a poisonous spider whose bite causes madness. Accompanied by flute music, danced with castanets and tambourine (tarantella)

7. Dance in size 3/4, which was performed at the balls. Became popular in Vienna in the 18th century (waltz)

8. Argentine couple folk dance, dance of love and passion. Argentina even celebrates his day (tango)

9. French court slow dance of the Baroque era of the 16th century. In the 18th century, it began to be considered old-fashioned, along with the allemande and sarabande. Instead, they appeared gavotte, rigaudon and giga (chimes)

10. Fast, lively European dance. wrote the composer Johann Strauss and his son. It is considered a Polish dance, although it appeared in Bohemia, the Czech Republic. (Polka (pulka) - half in Czech, as it has a size of 2/4) (polka)

At the end of the lesson, listen to what the children have to say about the lesson. What new did you learn, was it interesting? Is it worth it to conduct integrated lessons? Invite students to evaluate the work of students and teachers, name new topics for work and discussion.

On the next lesson students of the art department begin to prepare sketches for the composition "Dance".

Literature

1. Stolova E.,. Kelkh E., Nesterova N., " Musical literature"(Express Course)

Ed. "Composer". St. Petersburg, 2010

3. Barakhtina Yu.V. Music making for children and adults. Novosibirsk, Ed. "Ocarina", 2012

4. Osovitskaya Z.E., Kazarinova A.S. "Musical Literature". Volgograd. Ed. "Music", 2007

5. Musical folder for the synthesizer. Compiled and edited by Clip I.L. Ed. "Deca-Sun", 2009

6.https://ru.wikipedia.org

7. Vashkevich N. History of choreography of all times and peoples. M., 1908

Preview:

Municipal budget institution

additional education

"Children's Art School"

Plan - summary of the integrated lesson

on the topic: "Dance music"

Compiled by:

Korenchenko Zh.N.

fine art teacher

art department of the Children's Art School,

Ovadovskaya N.I.

teacher

piano department

Kesova Gora 2016

Outline of the integrated lesson

"Dance music" in 6th and 7th grades

art and music department

Children's Art School

Topic: « dance music» as a general lesson for students of the music department, as a lesson in obtaining knowledge for students of the art department.

Lesson type : combined lesson.

Goals: to give general idea about dance music, to awaken and encourage the desire to be involved in the culture of dance, to form aesthetic perception the beauty of dance, to cultivate a sense of pride in the cultural and historical heritage different peoples.

Tasks :

educational:introduce the genre of "dance music", expand knowledge in the field of dance history, types of dance music, observe examples of the commonwealth of several types of art,

educational: to form an aesthetic taste, moral needs of the individual, to attach to the culture of dance, to instill love and respect for people and for this type of art,

developing: to activate attentiveness, observation, development of mental activity - the ability to listen, analyze and draw conclusions, as well as figurative thinking, speech, emotional and volitional spheres of the individual, to expand the horizons of students.

Predicted results:

subject: listen and analyze musical works in the performance of students, to observe in the musical and dance arts, the combination of melody, rhythm, dance movements, as well as costume.

metasubject: cognitive - to perceive and analyze information,

communicative - to master the dialogue form of communication

Regulatory - organize their activities, accept them

Goals and objectives, apply them in practice,

Personal - evaluate the results of activities,

Integrated Lesson Plan:

1. Organizational part - 2 min

2. Concert of music students. departments - 20min

3. Presentation "History of dances" - 5- 7 min.

3. Video story "Types of dances" and solving a crossword puzzle - 13-15 min

4. Completion of the lesson -3 min.

Equipment:

musical material: F. Chopin "Waltz" No. 6, No. 7,

E. Doga "Waltz". Oginsky "Polonaise", I.S. Bach" French Suite",

"Alemanda", "Giga", Rachmaninoff "Polka",

Computer, interactive whiteboard, dance music video,

Table with a crossword puzzle, presentation "History of dances"

During the classes .

Student reads:

Oh dance, you are a great creation

There is nothing more beautiful in the world

Than celebration and inspiration,

Ovation delightful bouquet!

Mazurka, polonaise and polka,

The king of all dances is the good old waltz,

And music is an enchanting power

Carries and circles us in a stellar whirlwind!

Today in the lesson we will learn about the dance music of different nations in different times. listen to the performances of students of the music department. Students of the art department will introduce you to the history of dances, and at the end of the lesson we will see who has good memory and solve the crossword.

Dance originated in ancient times. They reflect the life of the people, many of its customs are an expression of the feelings and thoughts of the people. the music of each dance has its own tempo, time signature and rhythmic pattern. Today you will learn about such dances as waltz, polonaise, polka, minuet, jig and others.

Performed by piano teacher Ovadovskaya N.I. "Waltz" by composer E. Dog from the movie "My sweet and gentle beast" sounds.

Student speaks:

The word "Waltz", translated from German - "circling", "twisting", - appeared a long time ago, more than 200 years ago. It has a tripartite size. And to this day it is not inferior to fashionable dances. The waltz has grown into an independent concert genre, thanks to the work of I. Strauss. In the 20th century, the lyrical waltz is represented by the music of Russian composers: - A. Khachaturian's intense passionate waltz from the music for Y. Lermontov's drama "Masquerade", Sviridov's elegiac waltz from musical illustrations for A. Pushkin's story "The Snowstorm" and others.

Student reads:

Couples dance steps "one, two, three"

What is this dance? Did you know? - say ... (waltz)

Sukhanova Anastasia, student of grade 1, performs on the synthesizer

"Spring" in the style of French waltz.

Student reads:

There are many waltzes in the world,

Adults and children are circling

And for the little ones

And the waltz is called small.

Fokina Lena, student of grade 2, performs

Khachaturian " Spring Waltz on the synthesizer.

"Waltz" Maykapar performs Batrakova Anastasia,

3 cells, piano.

The teacher Ovadovskaya N.I. enters:

The birthplace of the minuet is the French province of Poitou in Brittany. The folk minuet is a lively and moving dance, with light jumps and smooth squats. At the beginning of the 18th century, the fashion for the minuet also came to Russia. in the second half of the 18th century, the minuet in Europe was not only a dance, but also an instrumental piece. The form is three-part, the middle part is a trio.

Student reads:

Balls, balls and music plays,

The gentlemen invite the lady to the dance.

French dance moves the silhouette

And we call the dance "Minuet"

Utochkina Victoria, 3rd grade, performing

Cipoli "Minuet". piano.

Tsyurkalo Daniel, 2nd grade,

Performs Czerny "Etude" in the style of the Minuet.

Teacher:

Polka- Czech dance lively and cheerful. The pace is fluid, sometimes fast.

The character is cheerful, perky, radiant. Polka dance double, became a ball room in the middle of the 19th century.

Dance is a light breeze

Like a marshmallow, he is tender,

So the moth flutters

Fresh in the morning.

Vasilyeva Lika, 3rd grade, performs on the piano

M. Glinka "Polka"

Student reads:

We can't stop

White light in the eyes is spinning,

Dancing heart and soul.

It hurts the polka is good

Lena Fokina speaking, 1st grade. synthesizer

Aleksandrov "New Year's Polka"

To cheerful music

We dance the polka.

Speaker Olesya Baryshnikova, 2nd grade.

Lemoine "Etude" in the style of polka.

Teacher:

An ancient suite is a multi-part cyclic work, consisting of several dance pieces. The basis of the suite is: alemand, courante, sarabande and gigue. The cycle is based on the principle of contrasting dances (in character, tempo, metro-rhythms, texture). They combine into a single whole: tonality, 2-part form of each dance, genre, contrast.

Ksenia Anisimova, 4th grade piano.

J.S. Bach "Giga" in E minor

Teacher:

Polonaise - an ancient dance of a solemn nature, in which warrior knights. Since the 16th century, the polonaise has been known as a court dance in Europe. almost all polonaises are written in a complex three-part form. Conventionally, two groups can be distinguished: concert-virtuoso pieces and epic poems about history (polonaises in which sorrow is heard, calls to fight for freedom, faith in a brighter future).

Student:

I almost missed you...
After all, I open the ball.

I am a Polish dance and for a long time

This is the name given to me...

The teacher Ovadovskaya N.I. plays: M. Oginsky "Polonaise" in A minor

Today at the lesson, students of the music department performed in front of you. You listened to music for dancing: waltz, polka, polonaise, minuet. This music is different in character, in tempo and rhythm, and it is beautiful. But since ancient times there have been dance melodies that we may not have heard. Here are their names: galliard, cotillon, rigaudon, passacaglia, chaconne, landler - these are dances that came to us from Western Europe. Do you know Russian dances? For example, karagod (round dance), Russian square dance? There are many other Russian dances: lady, kamarinskaya, matanya, trepak, Russian, topotukha. Art students will tell you about other dance melodies.

Students and all spectators go to the fine arts classroom.

A student of the art department makes a presentation about the history of dance.

• It is impossible to accurately determine the period when dance became part of the culture of human society, but it is certain that even before the advent of ancient civilizations he was important element ceremonies, rituals, celebrations and entertainment events. There is prehistoric evidence of dance among ancient peoples, for example, images of people dancing inBhimbetka rock dwellings (India ) and ancient Egyptian burials dating back to 3300 BC.
• The first example of the planned use of dance may have been the accompaniment of the tale of myths. The dance could be used to express feelings for a person of the opposite sex and was associated with a love game. Before the advent of writing, it served as one of the ways of transmitting legends. Dance postures were studied by prominent Greek sculptors in order to depict feelings by means ofsculptures .
• dance ( Greek Χορός) was widely represented in culture Ancient Greece. From the Greek name for dance comes the conceptchoreography . Among Greek goddesses was a special goddess of danceTerpsichore . Widely represented religious dances who performedcorybantes and bacchantes . An important significance of Ancient Greece was a certain secularization of dance. There were also marriage, military (collective dance with weapons), theatrical (with elements of pantomime) and even salons. Men and women danced separately.
• With the spread of Christianity, dances began to be perceived as a relic of paganism and were criticized. ritual dance practically disappears. Dancing turns into a vile condemned occupation: dancingSt. Vitus and dance of death 14th century . Nevertheless, a "dance revolution" begins in Europe, when dance becomes the privilege of the ruling class. Gradually formed and acquired importance salon dance and conceptbala where the completed view getspair dance with the indispensable gentleman and lady. The first ball is historically recorded in1385 in Amiens . An example of an old European dance isbranle , pavan , allemande , fandango , sardane , muisheranga . With the gypsies comes the danceflamenco . In Poland, widespreadKrakowiak .
• AT 1589 dance tutorial appears

Polonaise - Polish dance that conquered the royal courts of Europe

Polonaise is called the "king of the marches" for its grace, solemnity and grandeur. This dance was an obligatory part of court balls. Important ceremonial events for monarchs and royalty could not do without it. It was as if he was created to demonstrate his own brilliance and glory, which earned him the special love of kings. Where it originated and how it won the title of the opening court dance, we will tell on this page.

What is a polonaise. Dance features

This is a procession dance, unhurried and restrained. To understand its features, we suggest connecting the imagination. Imagine a large, richly decorated hall, on the sides of which everyone present is standing. The middle of the room is empty, but not for long. Sounds like solemn music and the procession begins. Men and women in pairs enter the hall, slowly moving along it, all the while focusing on the first couple. It is she who sets the character of the dance.

But here the procession, full of grace and dignity, ends. The dancers move on to the next figures. Partners circle around their partners, then they part for a while and change pairs. After that, all couples line up and raise their clasped hands up. A kind of tunnel is formed, through which the first pair passes, then the second, etc.

So what makes a polonaise so special:

solemnity and gravity in every movement;

this is an improvisation dance, where the first couple plays the leading role;

adherence to rituals and rules. Thus, a polonaise begins with a ritornello or musical introduction. Only after that the first cavalier invites everyone to the dance;

simple choreography. Although it seems simple only at first glance. Not everyone is able to keep their posture for a long time and fill each step with grace and grace.

Polonaise History: Polish Culture

For a long time there was no single point of view on the question of the origin of the polonaise. Some experts believed that the dance has French roots, others - that Spanish-Arab traditions are felt in it. The third party turned out to be correct in its reasoning, according to which Poland can be considered the “culprit” of the origin of the Polonaise.

For the first time, Polish dances were discussed in the middle of the 16th century. At the same time, the term "Polish dance" was used exclusively by foreigners. The Poles themselves called their dances Hungarian, most likely in honor of Stefan Batory, who was a Hungarian.

Everyone danced in Poland: from common people to royalty. Among all the styles, the “Great Dance” stood out, which is considered the progenitor of the polonaise. His hallmark there was solemnity. Just imagine a column of warriors performing original steps with a sense of dignity and pride. It's the warriors. It is believed that the original dance was exclusively male and was intended to demonstrate self-confidence, as well as for admiration. beautiful ladies. How much this corresponded to reality, experts find it difficult to say. But they agree on one thing: the polonaise has always been full of solemnity and inner dignity.

The Polish aristocracy had a special relationship with the polonaise. The gentry - as the privileged class of the Kingdom of Poland was called - considered this dance almost the only one worthy of monarchs. And it doesn’t matter that the basis of the movements was “peeped” in folk culture. Who will talk about this, when in every step of the dancing couples one can feel the influence of court dances, and mainly the chimes and minuet of French origin.

Ceremonial procession through Europe

The appearance of polonaise in others European countries we are indebted to Stanislav Leshchinsky, whom the Poles called the benefactor king. While in Stockholm, he demonstrated his ability to dance in an original style, which caused universal admiration. It happened in 1711 - the polonaise began to spread throughout the royal courts of France, Germany, Sweden and other countries, including the Russian kingdom.

But just dancing the polonaise was boring for the European aristocracy. At least, the court dancing masters thought so. They changed the choreography, added new elements, giving the dance a unique national charm.

Polonaise is very firmly established in court culture royal families. Not a single wedding, ball or official event. It was danced several times during the evening, solemnly parading in pairs in a circle.

At the end of the 18th century, the polonaise returned to Poland and became its symbol. It bore little resemblance to the original version of the dance, which once went on a journey through European courtyards. The rhythm changed, musical accompaniment appeared instead of vocal, the dance outfit appeared in a new guise: European dress came into fashion.

At the same time, composers began to show special interest in dance. They composed melodies to accompany the polonaise, which later became more used at concerts than at dance parties.

Polonaise sunset

The 19th century replaces the 18th. The tastes of the aristocracy are changing, culture and the idea of ​​beauty are changing. But the polonaise lives on. True, more melancholy tones appear in the music, and its solemnity attracts exclusively the old generation, which lives in the traditions of bygone years.

Although the polonaise took the place of the first dance, its popularity began to fade. Now you can see a couple performing a traditional Polish dance at graduation balls and costume performances dedicated to the reconstruction of bygone eras.

History of Polonaise in Russia

The Polish dance, and that is how the polonaise was most often called in Russia, came in very handy for the imperial court. Representatives of the upper class began to perform it under Peter I, who was very fond of this dance. For what? For the opportunity to demonstrate the wealth of the imperial halls. Contemporaries of that time in their memoirs even described how guests walked around the halls, all rooms and stairs. This feature of the dance was further used to show all the luxury of the home of the owner of the ball.

Under Peter, the polonaise was rarely an opening dance. Usually it was preceded by a bow dance. This tradition was continued by Catherine the Great. She also gave the polonaise a second role, preferring the minuet. Polish dance became the opening dance at the balls under Pavel Petrovich. At the same time, representatives of the knightly order were the first couples during the performance.

It is noteworthy that in Russia the polonaise existed in two variations: ordinary and ceremonial. The ceremonial was part of the wedding celebration, and the usual one was part of any ball.

Polonaise love among Russian nobility the flesh can be traced to the beginning of the 20th century. Under the influence of court etiquette, the dance changed, but its solemnity and sedateness did not disappear anywhere. These features of the style strengthened the position of the emperor in society and emphasized his position and greatness.

Interesting Facts

The name "polonaise" was coined only in the 18th century outside of Poland. The Poles themselves called their dance ancient. A little later, the term "Taniec polski" or "Polish Dance" came into use. Under this name, he was best known in his homeland.

No music, only the singing of the dancers themselves accompanied the polonaise at the dawn of its birth until late XVIII century. Only then did it appear instrumental music, without which it was difficult to imagine the performance of the dance at royal celebrations.

The ball, dedicated to the celebration of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty in 1913, opened with a polonaise. As musical accompaniment Glinka's music performed. The dance lasted almost 20 minutes. During this time, the dancing couples made 3 tours around the hall.

And yet: did the gentry borrow the movements for the polonaise from the common people, or vice versa? This question remains open among experts. There is an opinion that ordinary Poles very favorably met new dance and created on its basis a simple version of the performance called "chodzony".

In Russia, Russian officers especially loved the polonaise.

Ball, dedicated to the day weddings Peter III and Catherine the Great, lasted only 1 hour. All this time the guests danced only polonaises.

Both men's and women's costumes, in which the polonaise was performed, were rich and luxurious. For their manufacture, expensive fabrics were used - gilded brocade, velvet and satin. Shoes were red or gold.

Notable polonaises

"Farewell to the Motherland" Mikhail Oginsky, Polish composer. Another name for this composition is Oginsky's Polonaise. This is enough famous tune was written in 1794. Under what circumstances is not known exactly. But there is a version that Oginsky wrote it when leaving the Commonwealth. Interestingly, in Belarus they wanted to make "Farewell to the Motherland" the anthem of the country, but the commission found the melody too complicated.

"Farewell to the Motherland" by Mikhail Oginsky (listen)

Polonaise from the opera Life for the king» Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka. For the first time this work was presented to the public in 1836. The representatives of the upper circle liked the music so much that they began to use it at almost every ball when a polonaise was to be performed.

Polonaise from the opera A Life for the Tsar (listen)

Polonaise in A flat major Frederic Chopin. In total, this composer wrote 16 polonaises, but it is this composition that is distinguished by its grandeur and grandeur.

Polonaise in A flat major by Frederic Chopin (listen)

Polonaise from the opera Eugene Onegin» Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky impresses with pomp, solemnity and brilliance. Listening to him, you begin to understand why the representatives of the Russian imperial court loved the Polish dance so much.

Polonaise from the opera "Eugene Onegin" (listen)