The most common Czech surname. The most unusual Czech surnames

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Czech Republic, 2014

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State in Central Europe. It borders with Poland, Germany, Austria and Slovakia. The capital is Prague. Population - 10,505,445 (2011 census). The official language is Czech. Czechs make up 90.4% of the population. The majority of believers are Catholics: 10.3% of the country's population (2011, census). 34.2% called themselves atheists. 45.2% did not indicate their attitude towards religion.

Statistics on the names of newborns throughout the Czech Republic can be found on the website of the Czech Statistical Office - czso.cz. It publishes data on the frequency of names of children born in January. Calculating just one month, in my opinion, is not enough. Data are given for 10 and 50 most popular names in the country. Data available since 1999. The most recent data is for 2012. Statistics are also given for the names of the fathers and mothers of newborns so that intergenerational differences in names can be seen. In addition, there are maps with three or five (for different years in different ways) the most common names in each administrative unit of the Czech Republic. From the CSU website, there are links to the websites of regional statistical offices, where you can also find name statistics if you wish.

More accurate statistics are available on the website of the Ministry of the Interior - mvcr.cz. Based on the population register, statistics for all given names and surnames are updated annually here. At the same time, separate tables show statistics of names and surnames by year of birth (since 1897, but more or less representative - since 1919), separate tables - by settlements. There are currently 61587 lines in the list of personal names.

At the same time, the inconvenience is that male and female names presented in one list (in alphabetical order). Considering that some children in the Czech Republic are given two names, to get a more accurate picture of the frequency of names with the data from these tables, you need to do certain things. So, to the frequency of names, it is probably necessary to add the number of use of these names as the first, second name in constructions of two names. If clearly, then to the frequency, for example, the name Jakub it is desirable to add the frequency of its use in combinations like Jakub Jiří, Jakub Petr, Jakub Vojtěch.

I will give statistics on the 20 most popular names of newborns for 2014. At the same time, the frequency of names in the constructions of two names was not taken into account. I will also give a list of the ten most common Czech names.

Top 20 Baby Boy Names

Place	Name	Frequency
1	Jakub (Yakub)	2902
2	Jan (Jan)	2659
3	Tomas (Tomasz)	2033
4	Adam (Adam)	1861
5	Matyas (Matyas)	1660
6	Philip (Philip)	1601
7	Vojtěch (Vojtech)	1591
8	Ondrej (Ondrej)	1552
9	David (David)	1526
10	Lukas (Lukash)	1493
11	Matěj (Matej)	1483
12	Daniel (Daniel)	1249
13	Martin (Martin)	1200
14	Simon (Shimon)	1185
15	Dominik (Dominic)	1087
16	Petr (Peter)	1064
17	Štěpán (Stepan)	950
18	Marek (Marek)	949
19	Jiri (Jiri)	924
20	Michal (Michal)	886

Top 20 Baby Girl Names

Place	Name	Frequency
1	Eliska (Elishka)	2332
2	Tereza (Teresa)	1900
3	Anna (Anna)	1708
4	Adela (Adela)	1535
5	Natalie (Natalia)	1386
6	Sofia (Sofia)	1180
7	Kristyna (Christina)	1164
8	Ema (Ema)	1147
9	Karolina (Caroline)	1140
10	Viktorie (Victoria)	1086
11	Barbora (Barbora)	1078
12	Nela (Nela)	1063
13	Veronica (Veronica)	1018
14	Lucie (Lucia)	981
15	Katerina (Katerzhina)	973
16	Klara (Clara)	805
17	Marie (Mary)	740
18	Laura (Laura)	736
19	Aneta (Aneta)	721
20	Julie (Julia)	707

Some argue that most Czech surnames are boring and monotonous. However, sometimes there are quite unusual, rare, and most importantly interesting surnames with some of which we will introduce you.

About simple...

Arguing their arguments that Czech surnames are too simple and speak for themselves, without giving rise to a flight of fancy, people cite the surname as an example Cherny, which stands for black. Most often, such a surname was given to people with a pronounced black hair color, dark eyes or skin color.

Or here's another example, surname Novak, which literally means "new settler" or "new neighbor" and is the most common Czech surname.

Originality or a way to mislead

Some of the Czech surnames can confuse any foreigner who is not familiar with the intricacies Czech language.

Last name is a good example Nevim which literally translates as "I don't know". Imagine the expression on the face of a foreigner who, to the question: “What is your last name?” hears the answer: “I don’t know.”

Such bewilderment can cause a surname - Nepovim, which translates as "I will not say."

Some of the Czech surnames even call you to action, such as Nejezchleb/Nejezchleba,which translated literally "do not eat bread", Nechoďdomů - "don't go home" Skocdopole -"jump into the field", or Osolsobe, which in translation means "salt yourself."

Surnames-adjectives

Adjective surnames are not rare in the Czech language.

Krehky -This surname literally translates as"fragile" or "delicate". However, most likely it was formed from the adjective zkřehlý, which means “frozen” or, more simply, “frozen”.

Nejedly- literally "inedible". According to one version, in ancient times this was the name given to people who were too picky about food or suffered from a lack of appetite.

Drobny- despite the fact that in literal translation the word means "small, tiny", the surname comes from the word droby - "offal". People with this surname most often traded offal in the markets.

Lichy- this surname has three meanings at once: “odd”, “false” and “empty”. This surname probably comes from last word, which means an idle talker or a person who makes empty promises.

Bosy- Literally means "barefoot". So in the old days they called mendicant monks who did not wear shoes.

Kruty- "cruel". Here the name speaks for itself. However, there is another version of its origin. So the surname Krutý comes from the word krůta - turkey, and perhaps this is how the breeders of this poultry were called earlier.

Surnames-nicknames

Often, many surnames grew out of the nicknames that people received while doing certain activities.

Flam- Literally translated "revelry". However, you should not take a person with such a surname as a joker, a merry fellow and a reveler. This surname comes from the word vlám - a Fleming, a representative of the indigenous population of Belgium, who speaks the Dutch language.

Suchoparek- "dry sausage". Most likely, the bearer of such a surname was a thin or bony person.

Zadek- "ass". Today in the Czech Republic there are 13 inhabitants with this surname. Most likely, in the old days this surname was applied to those people who lived in remote territories or hard-to-reach outskirts.

loch- literally "jail". With such a surname in the Czech Republic, there are 54 people. For the Russian-speaking population, this surname has a slightly different, offensive meaning. However, it is believed that the surname came from Scotland where Loch is a lake or a long narrow bay.

Fanta- "deposit". Received the greatest fame thanks to the home game of forfeits, where participants perform comic tasks to redeem a "fant" - a thing that each player pledges to participate in the game.

Zak- "schoolboy". So in the old days they called a person awaiting the transition to the clergy

Nulicek -"naught". The surname comes from the word Nohel (derived from Noha - foot), and was assigned to people with large feet.

Animal surnames

Many Slavic peoples are characterized by surnames consonant with the name of animals, for the Czechs this was no exception.

Klokan- Literally translated "kangaroo". However, in the Czech Republic, kangaroos do not live in natural conditions. The thing is that the surname comes from the old word klokat - which means the sound of clattering horse hooves. And initially the kangaroo was called Skokan - a jumper, later it changed to the current Klokan.

Hroch-"hippo". Most likely, this was the name of people with outstanding physical indicators.

Zizala- literally "earth worm. Often this surname in the Czech Republic was worn by representatives of the lower class.

Slon - "Elephant". The surname comes from the Old Czech word slonit - "to bow" or "to lean".

Švab -verbatim"cockroach". In fact, this surname has nothing to do with insects and comes from the word Schwaben (Swabia). This was the name of the historical region in the south-west of Germany.

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The oldest layer of Czech names - Slavic names, which fall into three types: 1) names are single-membered, simple; 2) complex; 3) abbreviations and derivatives. While compound names worn mainly by persons belonging to government circles and the nobility, one-membered ones belonged to representatives of the simple estate. Many Old Slavic names seem strange at first glance. The origin of many of them can be explained through the prism of a protective function - after all, the names reflect the ideas of an ancient person about magical power the words. Many one-member names arose from the need to protect a person (especially in infancy) from evil spirits. Hence the negative names: Nemil, Nedrah, Nelub, Nemoj. The same role was played by the names of animals and plants: Bobr, Kozel, Sobol, Tur, Sokol, Vran, Kalina, etc.

A variety of common words were used to form complex names. Here is a small list of them with examples of names:

bor: Borivoj, Dalibor, Ratibor
buď: Budivoj, Budislav/a
boh: Bohuslav/a, Bohdan, Bohuchval
čest: Čestmír/a, Ctibor/a, Ctislav/a
mil: Miloslav/a, Bohumil/a
mir: Miroslav/a, Jaromír/a, Vladimir/a
mysl: Premysl, Kresomysl
rad: Radoslav/a, Radomír/a, Ctirad/a
slav: Slavomir/a, Stanislav/a, Vladislav/a
vit: Hostivit, Vitězslav
vlad: Vladislav/a, Vladimir/a
voj: VojtEch, Borivoj

Here is a wider list of Old Bohemian male and female names.

Bezděd, Bezprym, Bohuň, Bohuslav, Boleslav, Bořiš, Bořivoj, Božata, Břetislav, Budislav, Budivoj, Bujín, Ctibor, Ctirad, Čajka, Černín, Dlugoš, Drahoš, Holáč, Hostislav, Hostivít, Hovora, Hrozírnata, Jar, Jaroš, Jurata, Kazimír, Kocel, Kochan, Kojata, Koša, Křesina, Květek, Lestek, Lešek, Měšek, Mikuš, Milhošt, Miloň, Miroslav, Mnata, Mojmír, Mstiš, Mulina, Načerat, Nakon, Neklan, Nerad, Nezamysl, Ojíř, Oneš, Ostoj, Prkoš, Přemysl, Přibík, Příbram, Přibyslav, Přivitan, Radek, Radim, Rastislav, Ráž, Rostislav, Rozroj ,Sezema, Slavek, Slavibor, Slavitah, Slavník, Slopan, Soběbor, Soběslav, Spytihn, Stojan, Strojmír, Stromata, Střezimír, Svatobor, Svatopluk, Svojen, Svojslav, Svojšek, Vacek, Vacena, Václav, Vít, Vítek, Vitislav, Vladislav, Vladivoj, Vladoň, Vladota, Vlastislav, Vojen, Vojtěch, Vratislav, Vrašek, Zbyhněv, Zderad, Zlatoň, Zlatoslav, Znanek

Blažena, Bohuna, Bohuslava, Bořena, Božena, Božetěcha, Bratruše, Bratřice, Ctěna, Černice, Dobrava, Dobroslava, Doubravka, Drahoslava, Dúbrava, Hněvka, Hodava, Jelena, Kvašena, Khavětava, Lubava, Ludmila, Mlada, Pluětka, Radoslava, Svatava, Trebava, Václava, Vendula, Vlastěna, Vojtěcha, Vratislava, Zdislava, Zořena, Zizňava

In the 9th century, when the Czech lands began to spread christian religion, international trade relations developed, and various wars took place, names of other than Slavic origin began to appear. So, on the territory of the Czech Republic, Jewish names began to be used more and more often, as Adam, Jan, Jakub, Tomas, Josef, Michal, Daniel, Anna, Eva, Greek like Filip, Stepan, Jiri, Barbora, Irena, Kateřina, Lucie, latin like Marek, Martin, Lukasz, Pavel, Clara, Magdalena, Germanic (these names were brought, first of all, by the German wives of the Přemyslids, German monks and knights), as Jindřík, Oldřich, Wilem, Karel, Otakar, Gedvika, Amalia and others. Many of these names were written and pronounced differently in the original language, but the Czechs adapted them to their requirements.

In the 14th century, during the Gothic era, Christian church names became widespread in the Czech Republic. Parents gave their children the names of saints so that they would protect them. Saints also became patrons of various professions, for example, Barbor - miners, Hubert - hunters. Vaclav becomes the patron of the Czech people. The penetration of Christian names into the Czech Republic ended in the Baroque era in the 18th century. Then, under the influence of the cult of the Virgin Mary and St. Joseph, these two names became quite popular among the Czechs, like Frantisek and Antonin - the names of saints who were canonized precisely in the Baroque era.

Each name, of course, formed its abbreviations or diminutive forms. For example, very popular name Jan also used as Enik, Enichek, Yenda, Yenya, Janek, or Gonza, Gonzik, Gonzichek(on German example from home form Hans).

In the 16th century, the choice of a name depended on belonging to a certain social stratum. For example, counts and nobles bore names like Wilem, Yaroslav, Friedrich, soldiers - Hector, Jiri, Alexander. Village girls from the 14th to the 18th centuries bore, most often, names like Katerzhina, Anna, Barbora, Dorota, Marketa, common names of city girls from high society were Philomena, Eleanor, Anastasia, Euphrosyne and others.

During the communist era, parents had to get permission if they wanted to give a name that was not on the Czech calendar. Since 1989, parents have the right to give the name whatever they want, as long as it is used somewhere in the world and is not offensive or derogatory. However, it is common practice to look up the name in the book "Jak se bude vaše dítě jmenovat?" ("What to name the child?"), which is a semi-official list of "allowed" names. If the name is not found there, the registry office does not want to register this name of the child.

Throughout history, names have been subjected to a wide variety of influences - church, educational, socio-political, they were used in honor of prominent personalities - actors, athletes, politicians, or simply adapted to fashion trends at a given time.

The Czech Statistical Office has posted data on the most frequent names on its website since 1999. At the beginning of the year, these are the first ten names, then a list of the first fifty names is added (separately for male and female newborns). In this case, only the names that are registered in the month of January are given, which cannot but cause some surprise. After all, the Czech Republic is a country in which positions are strong different kind calendars (Catholic, in the communist period there was also a mandatory calendar of names). That's why overall picture for a year is obviously somewhat different from the picture for one month. However, the dynamics of changes in the choice of names from year to year, such statistics show well. In addition, the website of the statistical office also provides statistics on the names of fathers and mothers of newborns. You can also find summary data for several years, and the names of grandparents are added to the names of the parents of newborns.

I will give the official statistics of the most frequent 50 male and female names of newborns in the Czech Republic in 2009.

Male names Jakub Tomas Lukas Philip David Ondrej MatJ Vojtech Martin Dominic Matyas Daniel Marek Michal Štěpan Vaclav Joseph Simon Patrick Pavel Frantisek Krystof Antonin Tobias Samuel Miroslav Tadeas Sebastian Richard Jaroslav Karel Aexandr Matous Oliver Radek Michael Milan Nicoias Christian Victor Denis Mikulas Nicholas Roman Jachym

Women's names Tereza Natalie Eliska Karolina Adela Katerina Barbora Kristyria Lucie Veronica Nikola Klara Michaela Viktorie Marie Aneta Julie Zuzana Marketa Vanesa sophie Andrea Laura Amalie Alzbeta Daniela Sabina Denisa Magdalena Nicol Linda Valerie Yendula Simona Anezka Rosalie Gabriella Petra Adriana Dominica Lenka Martina

As in other countries, in the Czech Republic there are some differences in the popularity of certain names between regions. For example, let's give five most frequent names in all fourteen administrative regions of the country in 2007. In this case, again, we are talking about data only for January.

Liberec Region: Tereza, Natalie, Anna, Eliska, Karolina
Ustesky region: Tereza, Anna, Katerina, Lucie, Karolina
Central Bohemian region: Tereza, Adela, Anna, Eliska, Natalie
South Bohemian region: Katerina, Tereza, Anna, Natalie, Adela
Pilsen region: Tereza, Adéla, Natálie, Kristýna, Anna
Vysochina: Tereza, Karolina, Natalie, Nikola, Barbora
Pardubice Region: Tereza, Adela, Karolina, Katerina, Nikola
Kralove Hradec Region: Karolina, Katerina, Adela, Anna, Eliška
South Moravian Region: Veronika, Karolina, Tereza, Natalie, Anna
Olomouc Region: Tereza, Adela, Eliška, Anna, Karolina
Zlin region: Eliska, Tereza, Barbora, Veronika, Karolina
Moravian-Silesian Region: Tereza, Karolína, Natálie, Kristýna, Eliška
Karlovy Vary Region: Natalie, Karolina, Tereza, Adela, Anna
Prague: Anna, Eliska, Tereza, Karolina, Marie

Liberec Region: Filip, Tomas, Adam, Jan, Lukas
Ustesky region: Jan, Jakub, Lukas, Adam, Matěj
Central Bohemian region: Jan, Jakub, Adam, Tomas, Martin
South Bohemian region: Jakub, Jan, Matěj, Tomáš, Lukáš
Pilsen region: Jakub,Lukas, David, Adam, Daniel
Vysochina: Jan, Jakub, Tomas, Ondrej, Adam
Pardubice Region: Jan, Matěj, Jakub, Ondřej, Filip
Kralove Hradec Region: Jan, Jakub, Adam, Ondřej, Vojtěch
South Moravian Region: Jakub, Jan, Ondřej, Martin, Matěj
Olomouc Region: Jakub, Jan, Tomáš, Adam, Vojtěch
Zlin region: Jakub, Tomas, Adam, Jan, Ondrej
Moravian-Silesian Region: Jan, Jakub, Adam, Ondrej, Filip
Karlovy Vary Region: Jan, Jakub, Ondřej, Adam, Frantisek
Prague: Jan, Jakub, Vojtěch, Ondřej, Adam

Sources for writing this article:

Koporsky S. A. On the history of personal names in Old Czech and others Slavic languages(review) // Bulletin of Moscow State University. Series X, Philology, No. 3, 1967. Pp. 67–71.

Currently, there are more than 40 thousand surnames in the Czech Republic. And the first surnames appeared in the 14th century. The first similarities of surnames, most often, reflected certain traits of character or appearance. this person, and, often, were ironic, derisive or even offensive. These include, for example, Zubaty (toothy), Nedbal (careless), Halabala (loafer) and others. They still cannot be called classical surnames, they were rather nicknames or nicknames that could change throughout the life of one person. For example, there are old records that mention a certain Matej Smolarzh (which means that he made resin). In other records, the same person is already registered under the name of Matej Porybny (meaning he changed his job and started breeding fish). Father and son could have different "surnames" depending on their occupation, appearance, or typical features character.

Over time, the feudal lords began to force their subjects to constantly use a second name so that the registration of citizens became more accurate. So, it was decided that the middle names, that is, future surnames, would be inherited in order to avoid confusion, especially when collecting taxes. In 1780, Emperor Joseph II legalized the use of family surnames. The surnames of urban and rural residents were different. In cities, people often received surnames depending on the social stratum to which they belonged, or on the place where they lived. In the 18th century, not numbers but names were used for orientation on the streets, for example, the house "At two suns", "At the golden snake", "At the black Mother of God" and so on. Accordingly, if someone had, for example, the surname Vodslon, then it was a man “from an elephant”, that is, he lived in the house “At the elephant”. Quite clear was the difference between the names of the nobles and ordinary people. Noble names usually consisted of several godnames, from a surname, as well as a nickname, which, most often, denoted the place of residence of a given family. For example, Jan Zizka from Trocnov, Kryshtof Garant from Polzhytsy and Bezdruzytsy, Bohuslav Gasishteinski from Lobkowitz. Among the nobles, surnames were inherited earlier than among ordinary people. This is understandable, since it was in the interests of the nobles themselves that their children bear a family name that would immediately speak of their noble origin, position in society and the wealth of their family. To the oldest Czech noble families the genus Chernin belongs (from the 11th century).

For ordinary people, the surnames, most often, were associated with their occupation, for example, Bednarzh (carpenter), Tesarzh (carpenter), Kozheshnik (furrier), Sedlak (peasant), Vorach (plowman), Nadenik (farm laborer), Polesny (forester ), Lokai (footman) and others. The surnames of villagers often testified to the size of the property of a given person. For example, Pulpan (the exact translation means “half master”) was the owner of half the field, Lansky was already becoming the owner of the whole field, and the man with the surname Bezzemek was a landless peasant. The most common surname in the Czech Republic is Novak. The reason is very simple. When in ancient times he settled in the village new person, he also received new surname. Usually his name was Novy, Novak, Nováček, Novotny, or simply Przhibyl (the one who came). So, there are a lot of such surnames in the Czech Republic. In other cases, the new resident was named after the city or country of origin. Thus, surnames such as Opava, Prazhak or Prazhsky, Yilemnicki, German, Polak (Pole), Sas (Saxon) and others arose. Surnames formed from god names are also very common, such as Havel, Krishtof, Pavel, Shimon, Vaclav and others. Many surnames of this type originated from a diminutive form of the name, for example, Matysek, Mateychek, Mateyichek, Mateyik, Mateyko and others. Surnames from god names also arose by adding different suffixes, for example, on behalf of Yan, surnames were formed like Yanu, Jansky, Yanovy, Yanda, Jansa, Yanchak, Yenik, Enichek, Enikh, Enishta and many others.

How did humor affect the formation of Czech surnames? Many of them testify that the ancestors of modern Czechs were real merry fellows. They ridiculed people of high position, using their titles and titles, both secular and ecclesiastical, to designate their fellow citizens. Until now, you can meet with such surnames as Tsisarzh (emperor), Kral (king), Veyvoda (duke), Prince or even Papezh (dad), Biskup (bishop), Opat or Vopat (abbot) and others. Mocking surnames were also formed on the basis of the mental or physical qualities of their carriers, for example, Geysek (dandy), Pletikh (gossip), Zagalka (idleness), Smutny (sad), Gnevsa (evil), Krasa (beauty), and such a title could express either reality or irony.

Many Czech surnames are metaphorical, which means that they arose on the basis of some kind of similarity. This category includes, first of all, surnames associated with nature, with the names of plants, animals or natural phenomena, such as Toad, Gad (snake), Beran (ram), Mraz (frost), Winter, Clay (clay) and other. And these surnames were often a certain mockery or curse. Many Czech surnames are associated with the field of digestion, from which one can guess that the ancestors of the Czechs were passionate eaters. Such surnames include, for example, Petsen (loaf), Houska (bun), Bay (pie), Polivka (soup), Knedlik and others.

"Second Lieutenant Oak suddenly turned into small child: took Kunert by the hand, examined his palm for a long time, assuring that he would guess the name of his future wife from it.
- What's your last name? Take out a notebook and a pencil from the breast pocket of my uniform. So your last name is Kunert. Come back in a quarter of an hour, and I'll leave you a piece of paper with the name of your future wife.
Having said this, he began to snore, but suddenly woke up and began to scribble something in his notebook, then tore out the scribbled sheets and threw them on the floor. Putting his fingers meaningfully to his lips, he whispered in a tangled tongue:
- Not yet, but in a quarter of an hour ... It's best to look for a piece of paper blindfolded.
Kunert was so stupid that he actually came in a quarter of an hour and, unfolding the paper, read the scrawl of second lieutenant Oak: "The name of your future wife is Mrs. Kunertova."

These talented lines were written by Yaroslav Gashek. If you haven't read it, I advise you to read it. Schweik deserves to be read.
Married Czechs have long been entertaining the whole world with their surnames. Well, if the husband's surname is Kunert. Then his wife is just Kunertova. And if he is Petrov, then she is Petrov. By the way, former US Secretary of State Madeleine Albright (Czech) is in Albright's homeland...
All sorts of "Petrovovs" have long been talking about the fact that it is high time to reduce the number of linguistic absurdities. Most recently, a group of senators from the Civic Democrats came forward with this initiative. Like, if the husband is Mr. Kunert, then let the wife also be Mrs. Kunert or something ...
However, the Senate did not approve of such free-thinking. No one was very upset, and the news did not reach the front pages of the newspapers. The point is that this attempt female surnames more sane in their sound is far from the first.
For today, the way out for those who do not want to be "-ov" is a change of nationality. So since 2005, Russian women who came to live in the Czech Republic have been gifted with a great state favor. They were allowed not to be Ivanovs, but to live with a “cut off” end.
By the way, the current "family riots" are associated not so much with phonetic absurdity (we have long been accustomed to it), but with the European wave of tolerance. How! If in neighboring countries the words “mom” and “dad” are already being replaced with might and main » into “parent One” and “parent Two”, then why should Czechs so clearly demonstrate their dependence on a male surname ...
But do not think that all Czechs are unanimously trying to emancipate themselves in this way. For example, Elishka Vagnerova, chairman of the Constitutional Commission of the Senate, answered briefly: “Such wishes are the whim of only a few women, no more.” The argument for keeping the Czech language pure is also quite common. Yes, and many men who take part in Senate voting also believe that “-ovs” sound familiar and natural to their ears. And if so - why drive a wave?
Eh ... We would have their problems ...