How to make black gouache. Achromatic black - how to get it and is it possible

Extremely individual and depends on how the human eye perceives the rays reflected from various surfaces. There are surfaces that do not reflect rays, but absorb them. When they are absorbed, a person sees. That is why black is called a "dead" color or "lack of color."

Therefore, the answer to the question of how to get black from paints will be the following: real black cannot be obtained by mixing any other shades of the spectrum. However, it is possible to create very dark shades that, in contrast to others, give the impression of black. To find out what colors you need to mix to get black, you should turn to the theory of art and the psychology of color perception.

Color models and color synthesis

There are two models of color synthesis, that is, obtaining new colors and shades.

Additive - a model for obtaining color, based on the addition and superposition of rays reflecting from the surfaces of objects. This model is used in monitors and screens, its main color range is RGB. Additive color synthesis is based on three main lights: red, green and blue. By superimposing and mixing these rays, all other shades are formed, except for black. In this model, black is considered to be the complete absence of reflection.

Subtractive - a model based on a mixture of physical pigments and paints. It considers white to be the absence of color. And black is obtained by mixing all the basic shades. So what colors do you need to mix to get black? In the subtractive model, the primary (or primary) hues are magenta, cyan, and yellow.

Subtractive mixing method

Compared to additive color synthesis, the subtractive model produces fewer shades. In addition, theoretical or mathematical model subtractive synthesis is fundamentally different from what is obtained in practice. For example, theoretically mixing three primary colors should result in black. However, in practice, this color comes out very dark brown.

The subtractive method is used in printing and polygraphy, where it is very important to achieve true black. In order to get it, a “key” is added to the three primary colors. It is from here that the name of the main range of the subtractive model is CMYK, where C is cyan (cyan, in Russian it is called blue or greenish-blue), M is magenta (a shade of purple), Y is yellow (yellow), and K is key color (key color). In this range, natural black is key. Asking how to get black from the colors of the chromatic spectrum, the printers realized that no shade obtained could replace natural black.

Three primary colors

According to the theory of art by Johannes Itten, there are three primary colors, when mixed, all other colors of the spectrum are obtained. Itten singled out red, yellow and blue as the main ones. Subsequent theories determined that the ideal primary colors were purple (magenta), cyan (cyan), and yellow. It is they who are called primary - colors that reflect a larger spectrum and which cannot be obtained by combining other shades.

In fact, red and blue are not primary. They absorb more light than they reflect, but despite this, they are still often referred to as primary colors and are used to create the rest of the color wheel.

Note: White and black are not included in the spectrum and are called achromatic. How to get black from paints has always varied and depended on the many existing on this moment theories.

pure colors

According to the early theory, the pure colors were red, blue, yellow and green. It was believed that they could not be obtained by mixing other shades. Later, with the development of technology, it turned out that the three primary colors that cannot be obtained are magenta, cyan and yellow.

Modern color theory distinguishes three primary, three secondary chromatic and one achromatic - black. What colors to mix to get black varies. Everything works in comparison, from mixing primary hues to mixing red, blue and yellow, or even red and green.

The secondary colors are green, blue and red. Green is obtained by mixing yellow with greenish-blue. Magenta and cyan make blue. And by mixing purple with yellow, you can get red.

In theory, the question of how to get black from paints is solved by mixing three primary colors in their perfect colors. These are cyan, magenta and yellow. However, it is practically impossible to get the perfect black by combining others. In typography and painting, natural black is used.

natural black

Black is actually the absence of color. The more light rays the surface of an object absorbs, the darker it appears. In nature, there is no absolute black color, but the darkest carbon Vantablack is as close as possible to one hundred percent absorption of light, it reflects only 0.035% of the rays.

The main natural pigments from which black paint is made are carbons. Among them, the main ones are graphite and soot. Artists at the dawn of painting thought about what paints should be mixed to get black, and came to the conclusion that black cannot be achieved. At times High Renaissance painters mined black from burnt bone. It was the darkest available during the Renaissance.

Mixing colors is the basis of any art. In addition, proper color mixing can be quite useful in Everyday life, for example, if you decide to repaint the walls in some interesting color or change the color of your hair. Today we will talk about getting three colors - black, red and blue.

How to get black

Even children can tell how to get black. Indeed, what is difficult is to mix a little of everything and it will be black. However, this is not the case. in nature - this is the absence of color and it is unlikely to get it by mixing any other colors. As a result of such a porridge of several colors, only the color of dirt can turn out, but not black at all. Some natural dye is needed here. In black building paints, for example, a special charcoal pigment is added, which colors the mixture in dark color. A certain proportion of black pigment is also present in brown eyes. Answer the question: “” an article on our website will help you.

How to get blue

How to get red

Question " How to get red” also, one might say, carries the answer. - This is one of the primary colors of the spectrum, which itself is involved in the process of creating other colors. It is the base red that gives life to purple and orange. If we talk about mixing and getting red in computer graphics, then red is obtained by combining the colors Magenta + Yellow - this is purple and yellow. By adding a little of this or that pigment, you will eventually get a red color. As you can see, the colors in the color scheme are very large.

As you can see, the process of mixing paints is quite interesting and an exciting activity. Try to do something similar at home with simple watercolor paints. More extreme people can try to "collect" the color they want for dyeing their hair. However, before you radically change the image, lighten your hair, so bright paint lays flatter and looks exactly as you imagine.

Mixing colors is one of the most difficult procedures that a person who decides to make repairs on his own may face. The fact is that it is very important to know which colors to mix to create a certain tone. It should immediately be noted that it is better to purchase white paint and tint it in the store using a special machine, so the tone will be uniform. If you decide to do everything yourself, then you can find out how to mix colors correctly.

These materials are universal, they are used for many purposes: with their help, you can simply paint the walls, paint stained glass windows, apply a picture on the wall and ceiling. In general, the scope of their use is limited to fantasy. The compositions are easy to use, well kept on the surface. But if you decide to paint a multi-component image on the wall, then buying paint of all the necessary colors will cost too much, and after completion of the work there will be a large number of unnecessary material. In this case, it is better to buy a base series, and to create certain shades, mix acrylic paints.

Basic color range

Everyone has known since school: when you combine yellow and red, you get orange, but if you add blue to the same yellow, you get green. It is on this principle that the table for mixing acrylic paints is built. According to her, it is enough to purchase only the main colors:

• white;
• black;
• red;
• brown;
• blue;
• yellow;
• pink.

You can just mix acrylic paints these tones to get the most existing shades.

Table Blending Basics

To properly mix materials, you can not do without a table. At first glance, working with it is easy: to get the desired result, just find the color and see what components are required. But the proportions are not indicated in the color mixing table, so it is necessary to gradually add tinting material to the main paint and apply the mixture to some unnecessary product: a sheet of plywood, drywall, and so on. Then you need to wait until the material dries. If the color matches the required, you can start working on the main surface.

Tinting technique

Now about how to get colors. Through mixing acrylic materials it is possible to achieve the formation of two main tones: light and dark. Basic tones: earthy, green, orange, purple. To create a color, it is recommended to follow certain rules:

1. Light. In this case, titanium white is the main material, to which one or two tinting compositions are added. The less additional paintwork is used, the lighter the tone will come out. So you can make most shades of a light palette.
2. Dark. To form shades of this type, the opposite should be done. Before mixing colors, it is necessary to prepare the base tone, black dye is gradually introduced into the base. When working with black paint, you need to be careful, because it can make the color not dark, but dirty.
3. Green. This shade is not in the main palette, so you will need to mix yellow and blue. The exact ratio can only be known empirically.
4. Violet. This is a cool color that is obtained by mixing blue with pink or red. In some cases, you will also need to add black to darken the material.
5. Orange. To create this color, you need to mix red and yellow. For a more saturated orange, it is recommended to add more red and vice versa. If you want to create a soft color, for example, coral, then you need to lighten the material with white. Can dark colors be added? Yes, you can, but as a result of mixing paints, a dirty tone may result.
6. Earthy. Brown is the main color here. Adding to it various shades, get a color from beige to dark wood.

Palette Rules

To get started, you will need a basic set of paints, brushes, a container of water and a palette (you can take any surface, including school supplies for drawing).

It is recommended to place white in the center, as they are used in creating most shades. Dyes of the main color range are placed in the recesses around (if any). You need to mix carefully, gradually adding tinting material and constantly checking the result. After mixing the colors, the brush should be rinsed in a container of water.

On a note! It is quite easy to work with acrylic resin materials using a table and a palette. The main thing is to practice more, each time the result will get better.

Oil paints

If you compare this material with watercolor or acrylic, then the oil is more fluid. Because of this, you need to mix the compositions very carefully. different colors. On the one hand, this is a disadvantage, but on the other hand, this feature allows you to get the following effects:

• Subject to thorough mixing, a uniform tone will be obtained. Such material is perfect for both full coloring of surfaces, and for partial decoration.
• If mixed partially, then multi-tone streaks will appear on the coating.

Mixing

Now how to mix oil paints. For mixing paint colors oil based table is also used. It indicates the colors obtained by combining various tinting components. In addition, here you can find such an indicator as a combination of brilliance. If you add a little gloss to a matte base, then there will be practically no result, and if you do the opposite, then the shine will be slightly muted.

Mixing methods:

1. Mechanical. In this case, we are talking about mixing two or more materials of different colors in one container. Color saturation is controlled by the number of compositions of bright shades. desired color created even before processing the wall or ceiling.
2. Color overlay. Gradual application of several strokes on top of each other.
3. Optic. This is the most complex method, which is available only to specialists. It involves mixing glossy and matte bases while applying paint to the surface. You can mix the colors of paints only on the treated surface, otherwise you will get a more even tone.

Peculiarities

The first method fully corresponds to the data in the table. If we are talking about color overlay, then the result is unpredictable. One of the most simple options optical illusions is glazing: a dark tone is applied to the surface, after it dries, the paint is put a little lighter, and then completely light. As a result, each color will be visible through the upper layers.

Thus, there is no definite scheme. To find out which colors to mix, it is not enough just to take and look at the table, it is important to constantly practice and not be afraid of experiments. So you can create a new effect that will make the interior unique. It is also important to remember that a mixed shade is very difficult to repeat, so you should remember the proportions.

Now the question of how to properly mix paints does not seem so difficult.

Black is an achromatic shade that completely absorbs all colors. In other words, black means the absence of light flux as such. Black is the opposite of white, which reflects the radiation falling on it. Black, on the contrary, absorbs it. There is no absolute black color in the world. However, a material has already been found that is as close as possible to it. It is called Vantablack. At the time of 2014, it was this substance that was named the blackest on the planet. It absorbs 99.965% of the radiation falling on it, which is understood not only as light itself, but also as radio waves and microwaves. Now let's talk about how to get the most black color and what you need for this.

What colors to mix to get black

There are several ways to get black. The first one is the mixing of green and red. As already mentioned, it is almost impossible to achieve absolutely black, but using this method you can get the color as close to black as possible. If you want to get a more saturated black color, then you can try the following method - this is the use of a subtractive scheme. To do this, it is tedious to mix magenta, cyan and yellow. These colors are called primary. Blue and purple have another name - cyan, magenta. You can mix oil, watercolor or acrylic paints.

How to get a shade of black

In addition to the classic black color, there are also its shades, with which you can give originality to your work. In order to consider this issue, let's plunge into history and look at what shades of black existed before and which of them are common in our time. Previously, there were the following shades of black:

• Aspid shade. It is black and grey.
• Anthracite black color. This is a very rich black color with a sheen.
• Caramel shade.
• Clushy.
• A hint of bull's blood. It is black mixed with red.
• Bardadym.

Other shades of black are currently in use. With various proportions of the paint used, black can turn bluish, brown and other shades. Moreover, when adding white color in the already obtained paint, you can achieve one or another shade of black. Consider several shades of black, and also talk about how you can get them.

• Soft shade of black. To get this shade, you need to mix turquoise, pink and yellow. You can also add a little white to the already obtained black paint.
• Medium black tint. In this color, the black shade will be much more than in the soft shade of black. To obtain, you need to mix pink, ultramarine and light yellow.
• Intense black color. This black color can be obtained not only by mixing the three primary chromatic colors. To obtain it, you can mix red, yellow and blue paint.
• Blue-black shade. It can be obtained by mixing brown and dark blue paint.

If, when receiving one or another shade, the color does not suit you, then you can add red, yellow or blue paint to it.

To achieve black paint, you will have to work hard when mixing colors, since you need to add paint in certain proportions. However, this will be much easier to do in the future, since you will already have a lot of experience in mixing colors.

Today, it is almost impossible to imagine repairs without the use of paint. It is used not only for painting windows (as it used to be), but also for painting putty walls, painting wallpaper, concrete, facades, roofs, furniture and other surfaces. But what to do if you need to get a black color, because the paint is originally white?

Today, it is almost impossible to imagine repairs without the use of paint. It is used not only for painting windows (as it used to be), but also for painting putty walls, painting wallpaper, concrete, facades, roofs, furniture and other surfaces. But what if you need to get black color, paint is it originally white? It is really very difficult to choose the desired color, because it is not always possible to get the desired shade. All paints, no matter what you choose, initially have a white or snow-white color, special tinting materials are used to give them the desired color.

Is it possible to tint the paint yourself?

As a rule, when buying paint, a special tinting machine gives the desired color, but if you do not need to match the shade to already painted walls or under the ceiling, then it is quite possible to get the black color yourself.

Please note that when applying paint to vertical large areas, the color will look slightly more saturated.

What colors should you choose?

If you need to get perfect black color, paint should be snow-white, as it has the least unwanted pigment that can interfere with obtaining the desired shade. When buying a color scheme, the manufacturer should be taken into account. So, if you chose Optimist paint, the dye for tinting should also be from this series.

How much color should be added to get black?

Getting the desired shade of black is a delicate matter, even one drop can change the color, make it darker, more saturated. Lightening it back will be much more difficult. Therefore, do not rush, do everything gradually, applying drops. Stock up on small jars. Pour 100 ml of paint into a small bowl and add a few drops of color to it, be sure to write down the ratio. Initially add about 3 drops of color (in this case the color will be pale and desaturated), to achieve darker, brighter shades, continue to add drop by drop. When the color in the jar is about the same as it should be, paint a section of the wall and leave it until the paint is completely dry. Remember that on the wall, the black color you made will be somewhat brighter. It is necessary to evaluate the resulting color in daylight and in electric light.

If the resulting shade satisfies all your wishes, tint all the paint in the proportion that you used when tinting the paint in the jar. If you plan to paint large areas, then subtract 20% of the color as it will look brighter than a small "trial" area.

If, however, the resulting color seemed somewhat pale or not black enough, add a few more drops of black color to the paint. Do this until the resulting color completely satisfies you. Do not be too picky about this work, treat it as entertainment, and then you will definitely succeed. If suddenly you accidentally poured more color, you can lighten it by using special additional materials.

Choosing a black paint color and its shade is easier if you use the Optimist-Elite color fan, as well as the tinting paste of this series. The ratio of paste per 1 kg of material is indicated on the fan or in the instructions for the paste.