Who is the founder of Russian epic symphonism. Alexander Borodin

Medicine and chemistry

Founders of the Russian Chemical Society. 1868

AT musical creativity Borodin clearly sounds the theme of the greatness of the Russian people, patriotism and love of freedom, combining epic breadth and masculinity with deep lyricism.

creative legacy Borodin, who combined scientific and teaching activities with the service of art, is relatively small in volume, but made a valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian musical classics.

The most significant work of Borodin is rightfully recognized as the opera "Prince Igor", which is an example of national heroic epic in music. The author worked on the main work of his life for 18 years, but the opera was never finished: after Borodin's death, composers Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov and Alexander Glazunov completed the opera and orchestrated it based on Borodin's materials. Staged in 1890 at the St. Petersburg Mariinsky Theatre, the opera, distinguished by the monumental integrity of images, the power and scope of folk choral scenes, the brightness of national color in the tradition of Glinka's epic opera Ruslan and Lyudmila, was a great success and remains one of the masterpieces to this day. national opera art.

A.P. Borodin is also considered one of the founders of the classical genres of symphony and quartet in Russia.

Borodin's first symphony, written in 1867 and published simultaneously with the first symphonic works by Rimsky-Korsakov and P. I. Tchaikovsky, laid the foundation for the heroic-epic direction of Russian symphonism. The pinnacle of Russian and world epic symphony the composer's Second ("Bogatyr") symphony written in 1876 is recognized.

Among the best chamber instrumental works belong to the First and Second Quartets, presented to connoisseurs of music in 1879 and in 1881.

The music of the second movement of Borodin's String Quintet was used in the 20th century to create the most popular song“I see a wonderful freedom” (to the verses of F. P. Savinov).

Borodin is not only a master instrumental music, but also fine artist chamber vocal lyrics, a striking example of which is the elegy "For the shores of the distant homeland" to the words of A. S. Pushkin. The composer was the first to introduce into the romance the images of the Russian heroic epic, and with them the liberation ideas of the 1860s (for example, in the works The Sleeping Princess, The Song of the Dark Forest), also being the author of satirical and humorous songs ("Haughtiness", etc. .).

The original work of A.P. Borodin was distinguished by a deep penetration into the system as a Russian folk song, and the music of the peoples of the East (in the opera "Prince Igor", the symphonic picture "In Central Asia» and others symphonic works) and had a noticeable impact on Russians and foreign composers. The traditions of his music continued Soviet composers(Sergei Prokofiev, Yuri Shaporin, Georgy Sviridov, Aram Khachaturian and others).

Public figure

Borodin's merit to society is his active participation in the creation and development of opportunities for women to receive higher education in Russia: he was one of the organizers and teachers of the Women's Medical Courses, where he taught from 1872 to 1887.

Borodin devoted considerable time to working with students and, using his authority, defended them from political persecution by the authorities in the period after the assassination of Emperor Alexander II.

Great value for the international recognition of Russian culture had the musical works of Borodin, thanks to which he himself received world fame precisely as a composer, and not as a scientist, to which he devoted most of his life.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

• 1850-1856 - tenement house, Bocharnaya street, 49;

Family life

Ekaterina Sergeevna Borodina suffered from asthma, did not tolerate the unhealthy climate of St. Petersburg, and usually left for Moscow in the fall, where she lived with relatives for a long time, returning to her husband only in winter, when dry frosty weather set in. However, this still did not guarantee her from asthmatic attacks, during which her husband was both a doctor and a nurse for her. Despite a serious illness, Ekaterina Sergeevna smoked a lot; at the same time, she suffered from insomnia and fell asleep only in the morning. With all this, Alexander Porfiryevich, who dearly loved his wife, was forced to put up with it. There were no children in the family.

untimely death

During the last year of his life, Borodin repeatedly complained of pain in the region of the heart. On the evening of February 15 (27), during Shrovetide, he went to visit his friends, where he suddenly felt ill, fell and lost consciousness. Attempts to help him were unsuccessful.

Borodin died suddenly of a heart attack at the age of 53.

Memory

In memory of the outstanding scientist and composer were named:

• The streets of Borodino in many settlements Russia and other states
• Sanatorium named after A.P. Borodin in Soligalich, Kostroma region
• Assembly hall named after A.P. Borodin in the Russian Chemical Technical University. D. I. Mendeleev
• Children's School of Music named after A.P. Borodin in St. Petersburg.
• Children's Music School named after A.P. Borodin No. 89 in Moscow.
• Children's Music School named after A.P. Borodin No. 17 in Smolensk
• Aeroflot Airbus A319 (number VP-BDM)
• Museum of Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin, the village of Davydovo, Vladimir Region

Major works

operas

• Bogatyrs (1868)
• Mlada (together with other composers, 1872)
• Prince Igor (1869-1887)
• The Tsar's Bride (1867-1868, sketches, lost)

Works for orchestra

• Symphony No. 1 Es-dur (1866)
• Symphony No. 2 in b-moll "Bogatyrskaya" (1876)
• Symphony No. 3 a-moll (1887, completed and orchestrated by Glazunov)
• Symphonic picture "In Central Asia" (1880)

Chamber instrumental ensembles

• string trio on the theme of the song “How did I upset you” (g-moll, 1854-55)
• string trio (Big, G-dur, before 1862)
• piano trio (D-dur, before 1862)
• string quintet (f-moll, before 1862)
• string sextet (d-moll, 1860-61)
• piano quintet (c-moll, 1862)
• 2 string quartets (A-dur, 1879; D-dur, 1881)
• Serenade in Spanish Genus from Quartet B-la-f (collective composition, 1886)

Works for piano

In two hands

• Pathetic adagio (As-dur, 1849)
• Little Suite (1885)
• Scherzo (As-dur, 1885)

Three hands

• Polka, Mazurka, Funeral March and Requiem from Paraphrase on an unchangeable theme (collective composition by Borodin, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, Ts. A. Cui, A. K. Lyadov, 1878) and all this with the help of Borodin

four hands

• Scherzo (E-dur, 1861)
• Tarantella (D-dur, 1862)

Works for voice and piano

• The red girl fell out of love (50s)
• Listen, girlfriends, to my song (50s)
• What are you early, dawner (50s)
• (words by G. Heine, 1854-55) (for voice, cello and piano)
• (words by G. Heine, translated by L. A. May, 1868)
• (words by G. Heine, translation by L. A. May, 1871)
• People have something in the house (words by N. A. Nekrasov, 1881)
• (words by A. S. Pushkin, 1881)
• (words by A. K. Tolstoy, 1884-85)
• Wonderful Garden (Septain G., 1885)

To the words of Borodin

• Sea Princess (1868)
• (1867)
• . Romance (1868)
• Song of the Dark Forest (1868)
• Sea. Ballad (1870)
• Arabic Melody (1881)

vocal ensemble

• unaccompanied male vocal quartet Serenade of four gentlemen to one lady (words by Borodin, 1868-72)

Literature

• Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin. His life, correspondence and music articles(with a preface and biographical sketch by V. V. Stasov), St. Petersburg, 1889.
• Letters to A.P. Borodin. complete collection, critically checked against the original texts. With a preface and notes by S. A. Dianin. Issue. 1-4. M.-L., 1927-50.
• Khubov G., A. P. Borodin, Moscow, 1933.
• A. P. Borodin: on the centenary of his birth / Yu. A. Kremlev; [res. ed. A. V. Ossovsky]. - L .: Leningrad Philharmonic, 1934. - 87, p. : portrait
• Figurovsky N. A., Solovyov Yu. I. Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin. M.-L.: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1950. - 212 p.
• Ilyin M., Segal E., Alexander Porfirievich Borodin, Moscow, 1953.
• Dianin S. A. Borodin: Biography, materials and documents. 2nd ed. M., 1960.
• Sohor A.N. Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin: Life, activity, music. creation. M.-L.: Music, 1965. - 826 p.
• Zorina A. G. Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin. (1833-1887). - M., Music, 1987. - 192 p., incl. (Russian and Soviet composers).
• Kuhn E.(Hrsg.): Alexander Borodin. Sein Leben, seine Musik, seine Schriften. - Berlin: Verlag Ernst Kuhn, 1992. ISBN 3-928864-03-3

Links

• Musical Encyclopedia, M.: Bolshaya soviet encyclopedia, volume 1. M., 1973.
• Borodin Alexander Site about the life and work of the composer.

Borodin Alexander Porphirevich (Borodin, Alexandr Porphirevich), Russian composer and chemist. Illegitimate son Prince L. S. Gedianov, at birth recorded as the son of a serf servant of the prince - Porfiry Borodin. In 1856 he graduated from the Medico-Surgical Academy. Since 1858 doctor of medicine. In the 1860s Petersburg was engaged in scientific, pedagogical and social activities. From 1862 he was an adjunct professor, from 1864 an ordinary professor, from 1877 an academician; since 1874 head of the chemical laboratory of the Medico-Surgical Academy. He was one of the organizers and teachers (1872-87) of the higher educational institution for women - Women's medical courses.

In the 50s. 19th century began to write romances, piano pieces, chamber-instrumental ensembles. In 1862 he met M. A. Balakirev, entered the Balakirev circle (“The Mighty Handful”). Under the influence of Balakirev, V.V. Stasov and other “Kuchkists”, the musical and aesthetic views of Borodin finally took shape as a follower of M.I. Glinka, an adherent of the Russian national school in music, an independent mature style of the composer was determined.

Borodin's creative legacy is relatively small in scope, but is a valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian musical classics. In the work of Borodin, a representative of the progressive intelligentsia of the 1860s, the theme of the greatness of the Russian people, love for the motherland, love of freedom is clearly visible. His music is distinguished by epic breadth, masculinity, and at the same time deep lyricism.

Most significant work Borodin - the opera "Prince Igor", which is an example of the national heroic epic in music. Due to the heavy workload of scientific and pedagogical work Borodin wrote slowly. The opera was created for 18 years, was not completed (after the death of Borodin, the opera was completed and additionally orchestrated based on the materials of the author N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A. K. Glazunov; staged in 1890, Mariinsky Theater, St. Petersburg). The opera is distinguished by the monumental integrity of images, the power and scope of folk choral scenes, and the brightness of national color. "Prince Igor" develops the traditions of Glinka's epic opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila". Borodin is one of the founders of Russian classical symphonies and quartet. His 1st symphony (1867), which appeared simultaneously with the first examples of this genre by Rimsky-Korsakov and P.I. Tchaikovsky, laid the foundation for the heroic-epic direction of Russian symphony. The pinnacle of Russian and world epic symphonism is his 2nd (Bogatyr) symphony (1876). To the number best creatures Borodin's quartets (1st - 1879, 2nd - 1881) belong to the chamber-instrumental genre. The composer is a subtle artist of chamber vocal music. An example of his vocal lyrics is the elegy "For the shores of the distant homeland" to the words of Pushkin. Borodin was the first to introduce into the romance the images of the Russian heroic epic, and with them the liberation ideas of the 1860s. (“Sleeping Princess”, “Song of the Dark Forest”, etc.). He also wrote satirical, humorous songs ("Haughtiness", etc.). Borodin's work is characterized by a deep penetration into the structure of Russian folk songs, as well as the music of the peoples of the East (in "Prince Igor", symphonies, the symphonic picture "In Central Asia").

Creativity Borodin, bright, original, had an impact on Russian and foreign composers. The traditions of Borodin were continued by Soviet composers (S. S. Prokofiev, Yu. A. Shaporin, G. V. Sviridov, A. I. Khachaturian and others). The significance of these traditions for the development of national musical cultures peoples of Transcaucasia and Central Asia.

Borodin is the author of more than 40 works in chemistry. Student of N. N. Zinin. He wrote his doctoral dissertation on the topic: "On the analogy of phosphoric and arsenic acids in chemical and toxicological relations." Developed an original method for obtaining bromo-substituted fatty acids the action of bromine on silver salts of acids; received the first organofluorine compound - benzoyl fluoride (1862); investigated acetaldehyde, described the aldol and the reaction of aldol condensation.

Borodin's music ... excites a feeling of strength, vivacity, light; it has a mighty breath, scope, breadth, space; it has a harmonious healthy feeling of life, joy from the consciousness that you live.
B. Asafiev

Symphony No. 2 in B minor `Bogatyrskaya`

Borodin's Second Symphony is one of the pinnacles of his work. It belongs to the world symphonic masterpieces due to its brightness, originality, monolithic style and ingenious implementation of the images of the Russian folk epic. The composer conceived it at the beginning of 1869, but he worked on it with very long interruptions, caused both by his main professional duties and by the embodiment of other musical ideas. The first part was written in 1870. Then he showed it to his comrades - Balakirev, Cui, Rimsky-Korsakov and Mussorgsky, who made up the so-called Balakirev circle or the Mighty Handful (the definition of their senior mentor and ideological leader, art critic V. Stasov). Friends showed aroused genuine enthusiasm. Mussorgsky proposed for her the name Slavic heroic. However, Stasov, who was no longer thinking about an emotional definition, but about the name with which the music would live, suggested: Bogatyrskaya. The author did not object to such an interpretation of his intention, and the symphony remained with him forever.

It was still a long way from the end. There are many distractions - teaching at the Medico-Surgical Academy, where Borodin holds the position of professor, teaching at the Women's Medical Courses, numerous public duties, including editing the popular scientific journal Knowledge. Finally, the composer was distracted by the creation of other works. In the same years, fragments of the opera "Prince Igor" appear, in which "heroic" notes are also very strong. The symphony was fully completed only in 1876. Its premiere took place on February 2, 1877 in one of the concerts of the Russian musical society in St. Petersburg under the direction of E. F. Napravnik.

The symphony, despite the absence of an announced program, has clearly programmatic features. Stasov wrote about this: “Borodin himself told me more than once that in the adagio he wanted to draw the figure of Boyan, in the first part - a meeting of Russian heroes, in the finale - a scene of a heroic feast with the sound of a harp, with the jubilation of a great crowd of people. Actually, this interpretation gave Stasov a reason to name Bogatyrskaya.

All these paintings are united by a common patriotic idea, which is consistently revealed in the symphony - the idea of ​​love for the motherland and glorification of the heroic might of the people. unity ideological content meets the musical integrity of the work.
The diverse paintings shown in the Second Symphony form one broad epic canvas, embodying the idea of ​​the wealth of strength and spiritual greatness of the people.

Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich

Date of life: 10/31/1833 - 02/15/1887
Place of birth: St. Petersburg

A.P. Borodin is a Russian composer, chemist and physician. Founder of Russian epic symphonism.

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin was born in St. Petersburg on October 31, 1833 from an extramarital affair between 62-year-old Prince Luka Stepanovich Gedianov and 25-year-old Avdotya Konstantinovna Antonova, and at birth was recorded as the son of a serf servant of the prince - Porfiry Ionovich Borodin and his wife Tatyana Grigorievna. In the first half of the 19th century, extramarital affairs were not advertised, so the names of the parents were hidden and the boy was presented as the nephew of Avdotya Konstantinovna.

Education.

At the age of 9, Borodin wrote his first work - the polka "Helen". Learned to play musical instruments- first on the flute and piano, and from the age of 13 - on the cello. At the same time he created the first serious musical composition- concerto for flute and piano. At the age of 10, he became interested in chemistry, which over the years turned from a hobby into his life's work.

Medicine and chemistry.

Studied at the First St. Petersburg Gymnasium, in September 1850, the seventeen-year-old "merchant" Alexander Borodin entered the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy as a volunteer, from which he graduated in December 1856. While studying medicine, Borodin continued to study chemistry under the guidance of N.N. Zinina.

In 1858, Borodin received his doctorate in medicine. Since 1859, Alexander Borodin improved his knowledge in the field of chemistry abroad - initially in Germany. In September 1860, Borodin, along with Zinin and Mendeleev, participated in international schools buckwheat chemists in Karlsruhe. In 1862 he received the post of associate professor at the Medico-Surgical Academy. Since 1883 - an honorary member of the Society of Russian Doctors.

Musical creativity.

A.P. Borodin in 1862 met the composer Mily Balakirev and entered his circle "The Mighty Handful". Borodin was also an active member of the Belyaevsky circle. The creative heritage of Borodin, who combined scientific and teaching activities with the service of art, is relatively small in volume, but made a valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian musical classics.

The most significant work of Borodin is rightfully recognized as the opera "Prince Igor", on which he worked for 18 years, but the opera was never completed: after Borodin's death, the opera was completed and orchestrated based on Borodin's materials, composers N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A.K. Glazunov.
A.P. Borodin is one of the founders of the classical genres of symphony and quartet in Russia. Among the best chamber instrumental works are the First and Second Quartets, presented to music lovers in 1879 and 1881. AT last years life Borodin worked on the Third Quartet.

In memory of the outstanding scientist and composer were named:

State Quartet named after A.P. Borodin
- Symphony Orchestra of the Central House of Scientists of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A. P. Borodina, Moscow
- Sanatorium named after A.P. Borodin in Soligalich, Kostroma region
- Aeroflot Airbus A319 (number VP-BDM)

Borodin Alexander Porfiryevich - Russian composer and chemist. Illegitimate son of Prince L. S. Gedianov, at birth recorded as the son of a serf servant of the prince - Porfiry Borodin. In 1856 he graduated from the Medico-Surgical Academy. Studying medicine, he continued to study chemistry under the guidance of N.N. Zinin. In 1858, having defended his dissertation, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine. Under the influence of friendship with progressive scientists of that time - A.M. Butlerov, D.I. Mendeleev and I.M. Sechenov, writers N.V. Uspensky, M.A. Markovich, articles by V.G. .Herzen formed the worldview of Borodin and his social views. In the 1860s Petersburg was engaged in scientific, pedagogical and social activities. From 1862 he was an adjunct professor, from 1864 an ordinary professor, from 1877 an academician; since 1874 head of the chemical laboratory of the Medico-Surgical Academy. He was one of the organizers and teachers (1872-87) of a higher educational institution for women - Women's Medical Courses.

In the 50s. 19th century began to write romances, piano pieces, chamber-instrumental ensembles. In 1862 he met M. A. Balakirev, and this meeting made a deep impression on him. Borodin gladly became a member of the "Mighty Handful" and under the influence of Balakirev, V.V. Stasov and other members of the Balakirev circle, the musical and aesthetic views of Borodin finally took shape as a follower of M.I. Glinka, an adherent of the Russian national school in music, an independent mature style was determined composer.

Balakirev was the first to discern Borodin's extraordinary talent, inspired him with the idea of ​​the need to create the First Symphony. Due to the constant employment of Borodin, the First Symphony was created in fits and starts, however, it attracts with its harmony and integrity, harmony. The main features of the Borodino style are already clearly visible in it - its music is full of images of mighty strength, firmness of spirit, and at the same time, spiritual softness, affection and tenderness.

The historical value of the First Symphony lies not only in its high artistic maturity. It was one of the first symphonies in Russian music. FROM great success performed in 1869, the symphony was the first brilliant victory won by composers " mighty handful". Then Borodin creates the Second Symphony - one of the best works of Russian symphonic music, the work is mature, perfect in form and content. The symphony expresses the ideas of patriotism, national pride in our glorious historical past. It was enthusiastically received by the composer's friends, who rated it as the best Russian symphony, surpassing everything created before it. When Mussorgsky suggested calling it "Slavic heroic", Stasov protested: not generally Slavic, but specifically - Russian, heroic. So this symphony began to be called - "Bogatyrskaya".

Simultaneously with the Second Symphony, Borodin also worked on the creation of his main work - the opera. He began to compose it back in the late 1860s. Stasov then offered him The Tale of Igor's Campaign as a subject. The thoroughness of Borodin as a scientist also affected his approach to composing. Scroll historical sources- scientific and artistic-literary, which he worked through before he started creating the opera, speaks volumes. Here are various translations of "The Tale of Igor's Campaign", and all fundamental research on the history of Russia.

At the end of his life, Borodin devoted himself more and more to music - the composer gradually replaced the scientist in him. During these years it was created symphonic picture"In Central Asia", several piano pieces and chamber ensembles. One of them is the first string Quartet- was performed in the winter of 1879 at a concert of the Russian Musical Society. The listeners were fascinated by the Russian melodiousness, breadth and plasticity of this music. The success inspired Alexander Porfiryevich to create a new quartet - the Second, which soon (in January 1882) sounded in Moscow. And again success - even greater than in St. Petersburg. The second quartet is an even more mature and perfect work. Each of its four parts, constituting a single whole, is at the same time a small instrumental masterpiece.

The most significant work, according to the author himself, was to be the Third Symphony, which he intended to call "Russian". He already played some fragments from it to his friends, causing joy and admiration. And yet, neither the opera "Prince Igor" nor the Third Symphony were completed. February 15, 1887 Borodin died unexpectedly.

After his death, Rimsky-Korsakov and Glazunov completed what Alexander Porfiryevich had not managed to finish.

Borodin's creative legacy is relatively small in scope, but is a valuable contribution to the treasury of Russian musical classics. In his works, the theme of the greatness of the Russian people, love for the motherland, love of freedom clearly passes. His music is distinguished by epic breadth, masculinity, and at the same time deeply lyrical.

A follower of A.S. Pushkin and M.I. Glinka, Borodin perceived life as a source of strength and joy, believing in the power of man, in the triumph of reason and beauty.

The most significant work of Borodin - the opera "Prince Igor" is an example of the national heroic epic in music. Due to the heavy workload of scientific and pedagogical work, Borodin wrote it for 18 years, it was not completed during the life of the composer, and after the death of Borodin, the opera was completed and orchestrated based on the materials of the author N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and A. K. Glazunov. It was placed in 1890. Mariinsky Theater in St. Petersburg. The opera is distinguished by the monumental integrity of images, the power and scope of folk choral scenes, and the brightness of national color. "Prince Igor" develops the traditions of Glinka's epic opera "Ruslan and Lyudmila".

Borodin is one of the creators of Russian classical symphonies and quartets. His 1st symphony (1867), which appeared simultaneously with the first examples of this genre by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov and P. I. Tchaikovsky, laid the foundation for the heroic-epic direction of Russian symphonism. The pinnacle of Russian and world epic symphonism is his 2nd (Bogatyr) symphony (1876). Among the best creations of the chamber-instrumental genre are quartets: 1st - 1879, 2nd - 1881.

Borodin is a subtle artist of chamber vocal music. An example of his vocal lyrics is the elegy "For the shores of the distant homeland" to the words of Pushkin. Borodin was the first to introduce into the romance the images of the Russian heroic epic, and with them the liberation ideas of the 1860s. (“Sleeping Princess”, “Song of the Dark Forest”, etc. He also wrote satirical, humorous songs “Haughtiness”, etc.). Borodin's work is characterized by a deep penetration into the structure of Russian folk songs, as well as the music of the peoples of the East (in "Prince Igor", symphonies, the symphonic picture "In Central Asia").

Creativity Borodin, bright, original, had an impact on Russian and foreign composers: S. S. Prokofiev, Yu. A. Shaporin, G. V. Sviridov, A. I. Khachaturian and others. peoples of Transcaucasia and Central Asia.

Borodin is the author of more than 40 works in chemistry. Student of N. N. Zinin. He wrote his doctoral dissertation on the topic: "On the analogy of phosphoric and arsenic acids in chemical and toxicological relations." Developed an original method for obtaining bromine-substituted fatty acids by the action of bromine on silver salts of acids; received the first organofluorine compound - benzoyl fluoride (1862); investigated acetaldehyde, described the aldol and the reaction of aldol condensation.