Treble clef. What is it and why is it needed

) give more full list existing keys. Recall that the key indicates the location certain note on the stave. It is from this note that all other notes are counted.

Key groups

Despite the abundance of possible keys, they can all be divided into 3 groups:

There are also "neutral" keys. These are the keys for drum parts, as well as for guitar parts (the so-called tablature - see the article "Tablature" [read]).

So the keys are:

Keys "Before"	Picture	Explanation
Soprano or Treble clef		The same clef has two names: Soprano and Treble. Places the note "C" of the first octave on the bottom line of the stave.
		This clef places the C note of the first octave one line higher than the Soprano clef.
		Indicates the note "Do" of the first octave.
		Again indicates the location of the note "Do" of the first octave.
baritone clef		Positions the note "Do" of the first octave on the top line. See further in the keys of "F" Baritone clef.

More about Baritone Clef

The different designation of the Baritone clef does not change the location of the notes on the stave: the Baritone clef of the "F" group indicates the note "F" of the small octave (it is located on the middle line of the stave), and the Baritone clef of the "C" group - the note "C" of the first octave ( it is on the top line of the staff). Those. with both keys, the arrangement of notes remains unchanged. In the figure below we show the scale from the note “Do” of the small octave to the note “Do” of the first octave in both keys. The designation of the notes on the diagram corresponds to the accepted letter designation note(), i.e. "F" of the small octave is indicated as "f", and "Do" of the first octave is indicated as "c 1":

Figure 1. Baritone clef of the "F" group and the "Do" group

To consolidate the material, we suggest you play: the program will show the key, and you will determine its name.

The program is available in the section "Test: musical keys"

In this article, we have shown which keys exist. If you want to know detailed description for the purpose of the keys and how to use them, refer to the article "Keys" ().

When teachers in music schools tell young children what treble clef, they often say something very beautiful and motivating. For example: “This is a treble clef! He opens the musical string and opens the door for you to huge world music!" Sounds poetic. But it's not entirely clear. Why all the same "key"? And why precisely "violin"? After all, not only violinists have notes with such a sign. Weird?

The word “key” is indeed not accidental, this sign is indeed a key. But not from the door, but rather to the cipher. This cipher is a notation of notes, because they can be written in different ways.

What are notes? Notes are graphic designations for sounds of a certain height, which are grouped and recorded in a special - octave - system. The fact is that musical sounds, the frequency (yes, it is measured in Hertz) of which differs by exactly 2 times, sound very similar to our ear. Like a repetition of one - only at different heights. The distance (interval) between them is called an octave. Therefore, the entire range musical sounds divided into sections, which are also called octaves. Sounds similar in each section - notes - have the same names: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si. And the next note after B is C, only an octave higher. And so on.

The stave is the same 5 rulers on which and between which notes are sequentially recorded. Thus, a maximum of 11 notes can be recorded. But notes, unlike rulers, do not end. And even adding a couple or three additional mini-rulers for individual notes, we will not cover ALL possible notes of all octaves. And most importantly, on different instruments you can only take notes of certain octaves, not higher and not lower. The same with the human voice. So, we need to determine what kind of range we need and write in it - after all, the rulers of the stave by themselves do not mean anything until we set the starting point. It is necessary to specify the KEY note from which all the rest will be counted.

For this you need a key. It is he who determines the "encoding" - which ruler corresponds to the "main" note, and hence how others are located relative to it. And there can be many options - as well as musical keys. Their symbols seem intricate, but they make sense: the central element of each key points to this very “initial” note.

The treble clef beloved by all (and by us) is the “sol” clef: its curl goes around the second line of the stave, on which the salt of the first octave is located in the treble clef. So, under this second line there will be fa, and above it - la. In the treble clef it is convenient to record notes for the violin, female vocals, brass, some percussion and right hand piano (but not always). Just because these are high enough sounds and the treble clef is suitable: it covers the First and Second octaves. This is the range of the average human voice (and violin). Traditionally the tenor part (male high voice) and guitars are also recorded in the treble clef, only performed an octave lower.

There are also keys "fa" - bass, for example. It contains parts of the second hand for piano, cello and bassoon - parts in the Big and Small octaves, that is, low sounds. Its "curl" and two dots place the note F of the Small octave on the fourth line of the stave. If it is moved one line down, you get a baritone clef: in it, the F, respectively, is located on the third line.

And there are also keys "to": alto, tenor, soprano. And we are silent about very special keys for drums, which may not say anything about the pitch at all! Indeed, there are a great many ways to encrypt music - but they are quite capable of understanding. If only to be able to choose the right key.

The word "key" is really not accidental, this sign is really a key. But not from the door, but rather to the cipher. This cipher is a notation of notes, because they can be written in different ways.

What are notes?

Notes- these are graphic symbols for sounds of a certain height, which are grouped and recorded in a special - octave - system. The fact is that musical sounds, the frequency (yes, it is measured in Hertz) of which differs by exactly 2 times, sound very similar to our ear. Like a repetition of the same thing, only at different heights. The distance (interval) between them is called an octave. Therefore, the entire range of musical sounds is divided into sections, which are also called octaves. Sounds similar in each section - notes - have the same names: Do, Re, Mi, Fa, Sol, La, Si. And the next note after B is C, only an octave higher. And so on.

stave- these are the same 5 rulers on which and between which notes are sequentially recorded. Thus, a maximum of 11 notes can be recorded. But notes, unlike rulers, do not end. And even adding a couple or three additional mini-rulers for individual notes, we will not cover ALL possible notes of all octaves. And most importantly - on different instruments you can take notes only of certain octaves, not higher and not lower. The same with the human voice. So, we need to determine what kind of range we need and write in it - after all, the rulers of the stave themselves do not mean anything until we set the starting point. It is necessary to specify the KEY note from which all the rest will be counted.

For this you need a key. It is he who determines the “encoding” - which ruler corresponds to the “main” note, and therefore, how others are located relative to it. And there can be many options - as well as musical keys. Their symbols seem intricate, but they make sense: the central element of each key points to this very “initial” note.

The treble clef beloved by all (and by us) is the “sol” clef: its curl goes around the second line of the stave, on which the salt of the first octave is located in the treble clef. So, under this second line there will be fa, and above it - la. In the treble clef, it is convenient to record notes for the violin, female vocals, brass, some percussion and the right hand of the piano (but not always). Just because these are high enough sounds and the treble clef is suitable: it covers the First and Second octaves. This is the range of the average human voice (and violin). Traditionally, the tenor (male high voice) and guitar parts are also recorded in the treble clef, only performed an octave lower.

There are also keys "fa" - bass, for example. It contains parts of the second hand for piano, cello and bassoon - parts in the Big and Small octaves, that is, low sounds. Its "curl" and two dots place the note F of the Small octave on the fourth line of the stave. If it is moved one line down, you get a baritone clef: in it, the F, respectively, is located on the third line.

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How to easily understand what sound corresponds to the location of the note on the stave?

Key

Key- an element of musical writing, which determines the location of notes on the stave. The key specifies the placement of one of the notes from which all other notes are counted. There are several types of keys. We will look at 3 main ones: Treble clef, Bass clef and Alto clef.

Treble clef

This key indicates the position of the note Salt first octave:

Figure 1. Treble clef

Pay attention to the red line of the stave. It covers the key with its curl. This key indicates the location of the note. salt. To complete the picture, we drew a note on the stave. This note is located on the red line (which wraps around the key), so this is a note salt.

All other notes will be placed according to the note indicated by the key. We remember the order of the main steps: do-re-mi-fa- salt- la-si. Let's place these notes according to the place of the note salt:

Figure 2. Notes of the first octave in the treble clef

In figure 2, we have placed notes from before(the very first note, located at the bottom on the additional line) to si (on the center line). last character- pause.

Bass clef

Specifies the location of the note F small octave. Its outline resembles a comma, the circle of which indicates the line of the note. F. We highlighted this line in red again:

Figure 3. Bass clef

Here is an example of the arrangement of notes in do-re-mi- F- G-La-si on a stave with a bass clef F:

Figure 4. Notes of a small octave in the bass clef

This key specifies the location of the note Before the first octave: it is located on the middle line of the stave (the line is highlighted in red):

Figure 5. Alto clef

Examples

The question may arise: “Why can’t you get by with one key”? It is convenient to read notes when most of the notes are located on the main lines of the stave, without additional lines above and below. In addition, the melody is thus recorded more compactly. Consider an example of using keys.

Melody from the TV show "Visiting a Fairy Tale", the first 2 measures. In the treble clef Salt this tune looks like this:

Figure 6. Melody "Visiting a fairy tale" in the treble clef

And this is what the same melody looks like in the Bass clef F:

Figure 7. The melody "Visiting a Fairy Tale" in the bass clef

In Alt Key Before the same melody looks like this:

Figure 8. Melody "Visiting a fairy tale" in the alto clef

When recording a melody in a key Salt, notes are placed on the stave without additional rulers. in the bass clef F the melody is completely recorded on additional rulers, which complicates both reading and recording. In the alto clef, most of the melody is recorded on additional rulers. This is also inconvenient.

And vice versa: if the bass part is recorded in the treble or alto clef, then all or most of the notes will be located on additional lines. Thus, different keys make it easier to read and write low or high notes.

Separately, we note that there are other keys. They are discussed in detail in the article "".

To consolidate the material, we suggest you play: the program will show the key, and you will determine its name.

Full version of the program in the article "Test: musical keys"

Results. Now you know the 3 main clefs: Treble clef Salt, Bass F and alto Before.

The basics of musical notation are what serious music lessons begin with. In this short article there will be nothing more than simple basics musical notation.

There are only seven notes, their names are familiar to everyone from childhood: do re mi fa sol la si . This series of seven basic notes can be continued by repeating them in any direction - forward or backward. Each new iteration this row will be called octave.

The two most important dimensions in which music exists are space and time. This is exactly what is reflected in the musical notation: the component of space - sound pitch, time component - rhythm.

Notes are written with special icons in the form of ellipses (ovals). To display the pitch is used: the higher the note sounds, the higher its location on the rulers (or between the rulers) of the staff. The staff consists of five lines, which are counted from bottom to top.

In order to write down the exact pitch of the notes, keys- special signs that indicate landmarks on the staff. For example:

Treble clef means that the note salt of the first octave, which occupies the second line, is taken as a reference point.

Bass clef means that the note f of a small octave becomes after the reference point, which is recorded on the fourth line.

Alto Key means that the note up to the first octave is written on the third line.

tenor clef says that the note up to the first octave is recorded on the fourth line.

These are the most common keys in musical practice - not every musician can read notes freely in all these keys, most often average musician owns two or three keys. You can learn more about how to memorize notes in the treble and bass clef from a special training that gives tangible results after working through all the exercises. Click to view.

As a rule, the basics of musical notation are explained using the example of a treble clef. See what it looks like and move on.

Time in music is not measured in seconds, but in shares, however, by the way they evenly alternate in their movement, they can be compared with the passage of seconds, with uniform beats of a pulse or a bell. The speed or slowness of the change of shares is determined overall speed movement of music called pace. The duration of each fraction per second can be calculated empirically, using an hourglass or a stopwatch and - a special device that gives exact number equal beats per minute.

To record the rhythm in the notes are displayed duration every note. The graphic expression of the duration refers to changes in the appearance of the icon - it can be filled or not filled, have a calm (stick) or tail. Each duration occupies a certain number of beats or their parts:

As already mentioned, the shares organize music time, but not all shares play the same role in this process. In a broad sense, shares are divided into strong(heavy) and weak(lungs). Strong beats can be compared with stress in words, and weak beats, respectively, with unstressed syllables. And that's what's interesting! In music, stressed and unstressed syllables (shares) alternate in the same way as in poetic sizes. And even this alternation itself is called nothing more than the size, only in versification the size cell is called a foot, and in music - tact.

So, tact is the time from one downbeat to the next downbeat. The time signature has numeric expression, resembling a fraction, in which the "numerator" and "denominator" will indicate the parameters of the measure: the numerator - how many beats, the denominator - what note in duration this beat can be measured.

The time signature is indicated once at the beginning of the work after the keys. Sizes are simple and complex. Naturally, those who began to learn the basics musical literacy, first of all get acquainted with simple sizes. Simple sizes are two and three-part, complex ones are those that are composed (composed) of two or more simple ones (for example, quadruple or six-part).

What is important to understand? It is important to understand that the size determines the exact "portion" of music that can be "crammed" into one measure (no more and no less). If the time signature is 2/4, this means that only two quarter notes can fit in a measure. Another thing is that these quarter notes can either be divided into eighth notes and sixteenth notes, or combined into half durations (and then one half note will take the entire measure).

Well, that's enough for today. That's not all musical notation but a really good foundation. In the following articles, you will learn a lot of new things, for example, about what sharp and flat are, what is the difference between vocal and instrumental music recordings, how the “famous” chords Am and Em are deciphered, etc. In general, stay tuned, write your questions in the comments, share the material with your friends in contact (use the social buttons at the bottom of the page).