According to the text of Shklovsky, the Expression Hamburg account appeared to me like this (USE in Russian). "Hamburg account": the meaning of phraseology and origin

The concept of the “Hamburg account”, which has become widespread in the Russian language, denotes the identification of the real, and not the official place of the individual in the status hierarchy. The expression "pay for Hamburg account" means "to pay fairly".

The Hamburg account" is the title of a collection of literary critical articles by Viktor Shklovsky, published in 1928. In a brief programmatic article that opens the collection, the author himself explains the meaning of the book's title in this way: "The Hamburg account is an extremely important concept. All wrestlers, when wrestling, cheat and lie down on the shoulder blades at the order of the entrepreneur. Once a year wrestlers gather in a Hamburg tavern. They fight behind closed doors and curtained windows. Long, ugly and hard. Here the true classes of fighters are established - so as not to cheat. "As A.P. Chudakov reports, the commentator modern edition book, the real basis of this plot was for Shklovsky the oral story of the circus wrestler Ivan Poddubny. However, it is much more likely that the authorship of the expression "Hamburg account" belongs to Shklovsky himself. immediately became catchphrase, especially fashionable in the literary environment, the expression "Hamburg account" is the equivalent of an impartial assessment of something without discounts and concessions, with the utmost exactingness. It is possible that the no less popular phraseologism "by and large", which has the same meaning, is nothing more than a transformation of Shklovsky's notion. For the first time in literature, the phrase "by and large" is found in the novel "Fulfillment of Desires" (1935), created by Veniamin Kaverin, a writer close to Shklovsky's circle. And today, more and more often in our speech, the expression "according to the Hamburg account" is heard - a contamination of two phraseological units invented by writers.
Critic Irina Rodnyanskaya in the article "The Hamburg Hedgehog in the Fog" (New World. - 2001. - No. 3), devoted to the problems of literary strategies today, remarks: "Shklovsky could be pleased - almost like Dostoevsky, who was proud of the enrichment of the Russian language with the verb" to shade. so long ago even the most colorful Duma deputy publicly threatened to judge someone "according to the big Hamburg score". folk comprehension good to listen. Our character innocently contaminated "Hamburg bill" and "big bill", believing that it lies somewhere nearby. Yes, so long ago it seems not to him alone.

The "Hamburg account" (it has become commonly understood) is a great aesthetic account in literature and art. Identification of the first-second-last places on the scale of the authentic, real. "Big" - because it opposes "small" accounts maintained by officialdom, groupings, parties in the interests of their situational needs. "Big" - because it refers to the "big time", in whose epochal contours the fog will dissipate, burst bubble and everything will fall into place. The connoisseur, who attracts the "Hamburg account", acts as a guesser, an oracle, listening to the noise of great time, checking the signals from there with his aesthetic instrument.

0 Today people use expressions and phraseological units without thinking at all about their origin. It comes to the point that you have to "rummage" on the Internet in search of a proper answer. It is for this reason that the website was created, in which we constantly interpret the meaning and meaning of various words and expressions. Today we'll talk about pretty famous phrase, this is Hamburg account, you can find out the meaning of phraseologism a little later.
However, before continuing, I would like to show you some informative articles on the topic of the meaning of proverbs and sayings. For example, what does it mean to Wind yourself up; how to understand Bursting at the seams; what does Set a bath mean; who is called Versta Kolomenskaya, etc.
So let's continue Hamburg account value phraseologism?

Hamburg account- this is an assessment of something without any concessions and discounts, with the utmost accuracy and exactingness

Hamburg account- denotes something fair and honest, which is judged without falsehood and juggling

Example:

You bastard still answer me on the Hamburg account!

This guy is a novice specialist, but according to the Hamburg score, it will be harmful to withstand fierce competition in this field of activity.

Wrestling was popular in Germany at one time, and many spectators came to gawk at two sweaty men who were dragging each other around the arena. cunning coaches and entrepreneurs have learned to take advantage of such spectacular competitions. They distributed the roles between the wrestlers in advance, they said how the competition should go, and who in the end should become the winner and who should lose. In fact, from beginning to end, these were contractual battles, and many viewers did not even know about it.

However, the wrestlers themselves were wondering which of them is actually the strongest and most dexterous. Therefore, once having gathered all together, they decided to hold fights between themselves once a year to find out the strength of each athlete.
For this, they chose one small tavern, which was located in Hamburg. In this place, the fight was exceptionally fair and honest, but almost no one knew about the results of these fights.

True, if you dig a little deeper, it turns out that in Hamburg no one has ever heard of this mysterious tavern, and the fights taking place in it. Most likely Shklovsky, namely through him everyone learned this beautiful story, used false information, or simply lied for the sake of a red word.

After reading this sensible article, you learned the meaning of the expression according to the Hamburg account and now you won't get

The expression "Hamburg account", or "according to the Hamburg account", linguists refer to the category of such phraseological units, the meaning of which is not equal to the sum of the meanings of words. In other words, knowing what is "Hamburg" and what is "account" will not shed light on the meaning of this phrase.

Intuitive understanding of an expression based on context

However, the expression "Hamburg account", or "according to the Hamburg account", is usually intuitive from the context and is often equated with the phraseological unit "by and large". In general, this is true, but only an intuitive understanding of a phraseological unit usually does not make it possible to freely use it in one's own speech, since the boundaries of the meaning are not entirely clear, and secondly, there is always a doubt about whether it is understood correctly and what it has relation to the city of Hamburg.

To understand the nuances of the meaning and the specifics of the use of this expression will help to know what the “Hamburg account” is, as well as what is the history of the origin of the phraseological unit.

Viktor Shklovsky on the etymology of the expression "Hamburg account"

The origin of phraseology is closely connected with the name of the famous literary critic and critic Viktor Shklovsky. It is his book that is called The Hamburg Account. The meaning of the phraseological unit becomes clear after getting acquainted with the parable told by Shklovsky and explaining the title of the book.

The parable says that professional wrestlers never fight honestly, their task is to perform on order. They must lose (lie down on their shoulder blades) when the entrepreneur tells them. This scam is for making money. However, every year in one of the taverns in Hamburg, wrestlers gather for a fair fight. Their struggle takes place without spectators, from whom the struggle itself is hidden, and how long, unaesthetic and difficult it really is for the wrestlers. At this unspectacular event, it turns out which of the wrestlers is stronger and which is weaker.

This is done in order to find out the real value of each wrestler, no matter what place he occupies in the open arena.

"Hamburg account" in literature

It is this struggle, hidden from everyone, in which official titles and titles are not important, that Shklovsky calls the “Hamburg account”. important in relation to literature, or rather, to what place a particular writer occupies in the literary arena. What the phraseologism “Hamburg account” means for Viktor Shklovsky becomes clear from the use of the expression “according to the Hamburg account” in the text of his short article. “According to the Hamburg account, there are no Se-rafi-movie-cha and Ve-res-ev. They don’t reach the city, ”the author writes and then continues his allegory, saying that in Hamburg, that is, at hidden competitions where the true strength of a wrestler is revealed, Bulgakov would have ended up at the carpet, Isaac Babel would act as a lightweight wrestler, the strength of Maxim Gorky would be doubtful, since this “athlete” is not always in shape, but Velimir Khlebnikov would be a champion.

One of the areas of use of the expression "Hamburg account" is economic. The etymology and meaning of the phraseological unit are such that it can be used in the sense that they are built on honest, open principles, when all parties to the contract are equal both formally and in essence.

"Hamburg account" in literary criticism

As can be seen from the retelling of a short article by Shklovsky, in literature, as in sports, the Hamburg account is important. The meaning of phraseology in context literary criticism lies in the fact that in literature, as in wrestling, any figure can be evaluated according to two systems. For the first, the official "alignment" of forces is important, and for the second, the real one. In the first case, formal indicators of the success of the author and the work are important in literature, and in the second case, his real scale of talent.

Of course, in literature, it is much more difficult to find out which of the writers “does not reach the city” and who is the champion is much more difficult than in sports. Ultimately, according to the Hamburg account, only time can evaluate a writer and a work, but what is meant is that when evaluating a literary phenomenon, it is important not to follow momentary criteria, but to look at it as if it existed outside of time.

"Hamburg account" in various fields of culture and art

Since the time of Shklovsky (and his book was written in 1928), the expression "Hamburg account" has become familiar in many areas of culture. The meaning of phraseologism has expanded. Most often, the assessment "according to the Hamburg account" means the assessment of a cultural phenomenon or cultural figure, regardless of any opinions, official recognitions, awards, awards, popularity and notoriety.

So, a scientist, by coincidence, may not have a high scientific rank - not be an academician or even a professor, but only an associate professor, not occupy leadership positions, not participate in official events, however, "according to the Hamburg account", that is, in reality, to be an interesting scientist whose thoughts, works and achievements are really important for science.

This approach to evaluation is possible not only in relation to a person, but also, for example, to a book. One book can be published by the largest publishing house with a circulation of ten thousand copies, widely known to readers, have a lot of fans, it can be made into a TV series, but according to the Hamburg account, this is just a commercial project or a temporary, momentary phenomenon. Another book may be published by a small provincial publishing house with a circulation of five hundred copies and known only to a small circle of readers, receive negative reviews from critics, but according to the Hamburg account, this may turn out to be a really talented work.

The allegorical meaning of the expression "Hamburg account"

However, this is not all possible meanings of the expression "Hamburg account". The meaning of phraseologism in modern language even wider. It is used when they want to talk about the real, honest price of something, about the true state of things. You can judge, evaluate by the Hamburg account not only phenomena and cultural figures, but also your actions, family relationships, relationships between people, events in the country, etc. - in a word, everything that can have a formal, official side and a real one, true.

Examples of the use of the expression "Hamburg account"

The specificity of a phraseological unit is such that even with a clear understanding of its meaning, its use can cause problems, since samples of grammatical "fitting" of an expression into a phrase are needed. Indeed, there are not so many grammatical and syntactic options:

• Pelevin is a strong satirist and a very successful commercial project, a successful writer, but if according to the Hamburg account, then this is emptiness, like all the phenomena of postmodernism.
• He is very willing to speak the most different topics, but when Ivan Ivanovich falls silent: he understands that, according to the Hamburg account, all his knowledge is superficial.
• I trust this vet. He will never say too much and will not advise if he does not understand the situation. He works on the Hamburg account, his goal is not to pretend that he understands everything, but to save the animal and not harm him.
• Of course, they won this match. But, according to the Hamburg score, they played poorly. They just got lucky. It was their day.

Appropriate and inappropriate contexts

Phraseologism - one that, in the case of transparency of its meaning, is used freely and swiftly in its use. The same thing happens with the expression "Hamburg account": the origin and meaning of the words are transparent. This means that you can safely experiment. However, in this case, one should beware of using the expression even when it is well understood what the Hamburg account is.

The fact is that this expression is itself intended for a conversation “according to the Hamburg account” and resists ordinary, everyday, insignificant topics and contexts. It will be inappropriate when talking about whether the birthday went well, whether the cake was a success, or at what level the service in the cafe. In these situations, the expression "Hamburg account" is not redundant only if everyday events for some reason have importance in someone's destiny or significant for the life of a city or country.

In our life we ​​have to interact with many people. Among them there are both decent and dishonest, dreaming of asserting themselves at the expense of others. So in the text of Viktor Shklovsky we meet the problem of honesty, decency. Is it important to "play fair"? And can justice be done?

The author of the story cites a recollection of one meeting with the legendary strongman Ivan Poddubny. The athlete spoke about a young wrestler who, instead of demonstrating wrestling techniques, tried to put Poddubny on his shoulder blades. He obviously hoped that he would cope with a seventy-year-old strong man who did not expect an attack, and would become famous as a wrestler who defeated Poddubny himself. But great athlete didn't let him do it.

In addition, the author tells about himself - about the unfair accusation against him by the poet Simonov. This accusation led to the fact that Shklovsky was not published for a long time. But the future put everything in its place, and it turned out that the words “Hamburg account” from the story about Poddubny became a folk proverb.

Of course, one cannot but agree with this statement. And in own life, and in the literature we find many examples of how unfair or dishonorable act breaks someone's fate. For example, in M. A. Bulgakov's novel we read about how envious writers and critics literally mixed the Master's novel about Pontius Pilate with mud. Of course, the reason was not only envy, but also fear, because the topic was very topical at a time when non-intervention, “washing hands” could easily cost someone their life. And the dishonest and unfair accusations that rained down on him cost the Master the meaning of life. He burned the novel, broke off relations with Margarita and hid from reality in a lunatic asylum.

Injustice also destroyed the life of Tamara Ivanovna's family from V. Rasputin's story "Ivan's Daughter, Ivan's Mother". The dishonorable behavior of the investigator, who understands that the market trader is guilty of raping and beating Sveta, but is still ready to let him go for a bribe, forced the woman to shoot the criminal. In a world where you will not find justice even in the prosecutor's office, you have to take care of your own safety and the salvation of your children. As a result, Tamara Ivanovna ended up in prison, and her daughter's life will never be happy and cloudless.

Dishonest, dishonorable actions are not just ugly: they are irresponsible in relation to others, as they cripple their destinies. But the future puts everything in its place.

To draw the reader's attention to this issue, the author talks about amazing story Ivan Poddubny, it is from him that Viktor Borisovich hears a phrase that was destined to become an idiom: “And then I pushed him; he was carried away on the board. To which the chef said calmly: “Let him remember the Hamburg score.” Shklovsky also writes about how how he met the above expression twenty-six years after the publication of his book "Hamburg Account"

Idioms are far from the best important element works, but they give it a veiled look, clothe it in a beautiful shell, just as an artist highlights certain details in a picture, completes the finishing touches. Similar expressions take root in colloquial use. ordinary people, and therefore serve as a bridge in understanding the meaning of the text, one short idiom can replace many sentences. They make it available.

In colloquial use, such idioms as: "famus society", silences", "Khlestakovism", "plushkin", "mefestopheles", "faust", "Oblomovism" took root. The source of these expressions was the works: "Woe from Wit" Griboyedov, " Auditor", " Dead Souls Gogol, Hugo's Faust, Goncharov's Oblomov.

These lists could go on and on. As we see, literature replenishes our reserve set expressions. It plays a huge role in the formation of idioms and their consolidation in people's memory.

Idioms are very often used by journalists. They help, firstly, to make the article accessible, and this is one of the most important criteria that a journalist must follow. After all, the article is addressed to the masses, people of different strata, statuses will read it. Thus, the journalist, as it were, creates a cozy atmosphere around the reader, disposes him to himself. Secondly, the use of idioms allows you to shorten the article, make it more capacious and informative. For example, the expression "famus society" means a society of people for whom high ranks, money, balls are a priority, and moral categories do not have special significance. So I replaced the whole sentence with two words.

Option 2

As a second argument, I want to give an example from the work of A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm". In this story, Ostrovsky tells about unfair treatment Boars to daughter-in-law Katerina. The boar abruptly and venomously cuts off Katerina at every word, condemns her with malicious irony for her affectionate treatment of her husband, whom, in her opinion, she should not love, but fear.

In conclusion, I want to say that we must do what is right and fair. Anyway, time will put everything in its place.

Option 3

After reading the text of the Russian Soviet writer V.B. Shklovsky, I can say with confidence that central problem is a problem of fairness.

In the proposed text, we can see the story of the famous strongman Ivan Poddubny. He shared a story that happened to him at the age of seventy, when he had a fight with a young man who thought he could assert himself at his expense. But as it turned out, he did not succeed.

The author also tells about an unfair incident that affected his whole life. Once the writer Simonov accused Shklovsky undeservedly and this led to the fact that they stopped publishing him, but he still deserved love, having once heard famous phrase from the people.

In support of my position, I find in the works of Russian literature. great writer F.M. Dostoevsky in the novel "Crime and Punishment" tells Raskolnikov's theory of higher and lower, but in the end this theory led to a crime. Raskolnikov thought that he had the right to dispose of people's lives, since he considered himself extraordinary. Main character acted unfairly towards the old woman whom he killed, thereby killing himself and rejecting his theory.