Based on the drama by Ostrovsky Thunderstorm (School compositions). Composition on the theme "Thunderstorm" (A

This work was written by the author in anticipation of peasant reform, which is why we can assume that the play carries ardent revolutionary sentiments. The title of the play is very symbolic. The storm is raging not only in nature, but also in the soul of each of the heroes of the play.

The author paid special attention to natural phenomenon every hero. It becomes clear that it is this attitude to the thunderstorm that symbolizes the hero himself. For some, a thunderstorm portends a terrible storm, he feels the approach of tragedy.

Another hero associates this phenomenon as an opportunity to cleanse himself, as if a new life begins after the end of a thunderstorm. Someone sees in a thunderstorm the voice of a supernatural mind, warning humanity of something important, or warning against future possible mistakes.

A thunderstorm, invisible to the human eye, broke out in Katerina's soul. The storm rages in the form of guilt for adultery. She expects to be punished for this by someone from above. One gets the impression that she is afraid, and at the same time waiting for this punishment. She imagines how she will burn in hell for the mistake she had to make. Her love for Boris also burdens her. Guilt has turned into fear that deafens like thunder and strikes like lightning.

Mechanic Kuligin is very interested in the thunderstorm. For him, this is just a manifestation of human ignorance. He dreams of gaining power on thunder. To do this, it is necessary to build a lightning rod that will save people from the fear of a thunderstorm and the impact of this terrible natural phenomenon.

It was not easy for Tikhon. For him, the storm is his mother. She holds a grudge against her son, hates and oppresses him. But he is forced to obey her, because she is his mother. And for the Wild, on the contrary, a thunderstorm is a symbol of humility. He considers it wrong to resist the forces of nature - they just need to submit.

This attitude towards a natural phenomenon is quite consistent with his life position. He is submissive to Kabanikhe despite his insidious nature. Boris is not as afraid of a thunderstorm as people's rumors. He is afraid that this rumor will break out more than a thunderstorm, so he leaves Katerina at the place of prayer and runs away.

In conclusion, we can say that the play has its own meaning, although not so deep. All heroes have to overcome their fear and fear of a thunderstorm in the sense in which it exists for each of them. After all, after a thunderstorm, the clouds dissipate and calm reigns again.

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As you know, a person is a social being, he cannot live outside of society; on the other hand, the well-being of society as a whole depends on each individual. Thinkers of all times thought about the problem of this interaction: philosophers, historians, sociologists ... And of course, it was reflected in fiction. We have selected 5 arguments for final essay in the direction "Man and Society" from the play by A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm".

1. Family is the first and most important social group into which the person enters. Katerina, who grew up in an atmosphere of love and care, after marriage finds herself in the Kabanov family, where tyranny reigns. The head of the clan, a wealthy merchant Marfa Ignatievna, nicknamed Kabanikha, demands unquestioning obedience from those around her and harasses them with nit-picking and reproaches. And if the children of Kabanikha, Varvara and Tikhon (Katerina's husband), are used to this, then for Katerina life in such an environment is unbearable. The same atmosphere of suppression and humiliation reigns throughout Kalinovo, so in this example personality has nowhere to go from a pernicious society. Despair and loneliness push the poor woman to betrayal, and then to suicide.
2. Katerina's protest is directed not only against the order in the Kabanov family. She deliberately commits two serious sins, going against the moral foundations of the whole society. At the same time, she is more afraid of God's judgment than human; and who should “throw a stone at her” if everyone around is sinful? And if society itself accepts the difficult situation in which the heroine was, as the norm? Therefore, the question of Katerina's personal guilt, on the one hand, and the influence of social circumstances, on the other, remains open. However, using this example, one can unambiguously say how society can influence a person: provoke a fruitless rebellion, drive him to despair, deprive him of moral support, and all this in order to crush individuality.
3. What kind of society do the inhabitants of Kalinov make up? Using the example of this city, Ostrovsky depicts the customs and customs of the Russian philistinism. At first glance, its main feature is fidelity to the traditional way of life, but in reality it turns into deep backwardness (no wonder N.A. Dobrolyubov calls this place the “dark kingdom”). In this regard, the conversation between Dikoy and Kuligin is indicative: Dikoy: “What do you think a thunderstorm is, huh? Well, speak!" Kuligin: "Electricity". Wild (stomping his foot): “What else is there elestry! Well, how are you not a robber! A thunderstorm is sent to us as a punishment ... ". The worst thing is that such a society produces people like itself, breeding ignorance and hindering the development of both each individual person and the whole state. This means that society can not only develop, but also throw a person back, to the hypocrisy and stupidity of the old ways.
4. Let's pay attention to what social positions occupied by the main characters of the play. Wild and Boar - typical representatives"dark kingdom" and its stronghold. What do they have? “Robbing orphans, relatives, nephews, slaughtering households so that they don’t dare to utter a word about anything that he does there” - this is how the rich behave, but, despite this, they are respected. The poor, on the other hand, work day and night, sleep three hours a day. What about children wealthy people? They, being young, “walk”, and then either continue to endure the oppression of the “wild” and “boar”, or go to best places(like Varvara and Kudryash). So it turns out that there is no one to change the existing order, and tyrants and petty tyrants remain the most influential citizens. Personalities, perhaps, could change society, but no one dares to take risks, because everyone cherishes their peace of mind. Even Katerina did not achieve anything with her "single picket", because no one wanted to support her, and one man in the field is not a warrior.
5. “A ray of light in the dark kingdom” can be called not only Katerina, but also the self-taught mechanic Kuligin. He is the only one who is trying to bring at least a fraction of civilization into Kalinov’s dense life: put a clock on the boulevard, attach lightning rods to houses ... Moreover, Kuligin is a real altruist, he does not require any reward for his work and is even ready to spend the funds from his own inventions for the good people. Unfortunately, he is unable to overcome the established long years orders. On the example of Kuligin A.N. Ostrovsky shows that in a conflict with society, an individual cannot emerge victorious.

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Composition based on the play by A. N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

Alexander Nikolayevich Ostrovsky - the great Russian playwright of the nineteenth century, who laid the foundation for the activity of the Russian national theater. Almost all aspects of Russian life are reflected in his plays. He was one of the first to give a broad description of the merchant class in Russia. His work has become milestone in the development and formation of the theater as we present it now.

Ostrovsky's drama "Thunderstorm" was written in 1860 during a period of social upsurge, when the old, feudal system was becoming obsolete. last years, and the masses were absorbed in the ideas of reform. genre feature drama is confrontation main character society of ignoramuses and tyrants. In the play, the main place is occupied by the description of the life and customs of the merchants, but the role of the landscape is also important and significant. The drama itself begins with Kuligin’s story about the beauty of nature in Kalinovo: “Here you are, my brother, for fifty years every day I have been looking beyond the Volga and I can’t get enough of everything.” But the magnificence of the vast Russian nature of the Volga region competes with the cruel customs of the city. Laws and orders in the city of Kalinov are established and administered by two wealthy and wealthy people, greedy and evil by nature. Dobrolyubov calls them representatives of the "dark kingdom". Marfa Ignatievna Kabanova, or as she was also called - Kabanikha, and Savel Prokofiich Wild. Kabanova is a rich merchant's wife and widow, an imperious, cruel and very limited woman. Indeed, at the first appearance of Marfa Ignatievna on the stage, we notice the imperiousness and “royal” penetration of the mistress of the house, accustomed to the unquestioning obedience to her of all the inhabitants of the house. She pesters her loved ones with eternal reproaches for disrespect and disobedience. Kabanova goes berserk when she feels that life is going on around her, completely alien to her views and moods. According to Kabanikha, everything that happens is not of her will - she is deeply hostile. Even in her family, where they meekly obey her, she sees the awakening of new feelings, new relationships, despite the fact that her son Tikhon says: “Yes, I’m a mother and I don’t want to live by my own will.” Kabanova is the most powerful woman in the town.

Savel Prokofich is a noble merchant Kalinov, a significant person in the city, a man too greedy and mean. Dikoy even "pocketed" his own nephew's money, justifying this by saying that he did not like the attitude of him towards him, and asked him to be more respectful if the nephew wants to get the money back. Savel Prokofievich left the peasants completely without money. Kuligin told about the peasants who came to the mayor to complain about Diky for not counting them. Just like Kabanikha, he enjoys humiliating people, subordinating them to his will. Dikoy somehow allowed himself to raise his voice to Kabanikha, to which he received a sharp, bold answer, in which Kabanikha reproached him for being stingy.

In The Thunderstorm, Katerina, Kabanova's daughter-in-law, a girl from a merchant family who was forcibly married, embarks on the path of fighting tyranny. She recalls with tenderness and sadness her days spent in parental home, about the past carefree time. After her marriage, Katerina found herself trapped in captivity, her bright and a pure soul she longed for freedom all the time, while her mother-in-law oppressed her and burned her from the inside. Despite all that she had to endure, she said: “And if it gets very cold for me here, then there’s no way to keep me by any force.” Katerina was very upset by being in the house of Kabanova, who was striving to lead to the complete obedience of all the household, and especially her daughter-in-law. It is well known that the more you deprive, the more you want the one who is deprived. So it was with Katerina, the more she was “strangled”, the stronger the impulse to freedom, love and happiness awakened in her. She could not love Tikhon, because he was weak-willed, depressed by his mother and unable to protect his wife from his mother's attacks. That is why, in her feelings for Boris, both the mortal longing from the monotonous life and the ardent desire for freedom and space are expressed. Having fallen in love with all her heart, Katerina does not want and cannot adapt to the "dark kingdom". She makes an attempt to find help, support from a loved one: “Take me with you from here,” she asks Boris and hears in response: “I can’t Katya. Not of my own free will food: "uncle sends." Thus, for Katerina, two options were left: one - to live with her husband, subdued and trampled, the other - to die. She chose the latter - liberation at the cost of death. After Katerina passed away, the inhabitants of the city of Kalinov saw everything that was happening to them. Even the obedient and obedient son of Kabanikha Tikhon saw the light, he dares to blame his mother for the death of his beloved wife, bending over her lifeless body: “Mother, you ruined her! You, you, you…” The inhabitants of the city of Kalinov, as it were, created this tragic situation themselves, having failed, being afraid to speak out against tyranny and evil in time!

Jan 18 2016

AN OSTROVSKII'S PLAY "Thunderstorm" In 1856, Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky had to get to know the Volga and the Volgars better. The Naval Ministry equipped an expedition that year to describe the life, life and crafts of the population living along the shores of the seas, lakes and large rivers. European Russia. Ostrovsky was supposed to compile a description of the upper Volga - from the origins to Nizhny Novgorod. Under the influence of the Volga impressions, the playwright wrote many wonderful works. The most remarkable of them is The Thunderstorm of 1859.

The action of the play opens with the words, admiring its free expanse from the high bank of the Volga: “Miracles, truly it must be said that miracles! .. For fifty years I have been looking at the Volga every day and I can’t get enough of everything ...” In the drama “Thunderstorm”, events are only in the second action pr ° 'come out in a stuffy merchant's room.

In all other actions, the Volga expanse spreads out before the audience on this evening, when the sun is still gilding it, and on warm midnight, and in a thunderstorm, and in severe twilight, passing dark night, from the Volga breathes breadth, grandeur, will-e growth. The poorer, more insignificant and more closely represents the life that the inhabitants of the city live on its shores, again - Wild, Kabanikhs and all those who are subordinate to them. TKyt of the city of Kalinov describes in the following wry words: “ Cruel morals, sir, in our city, stock! In philistinism, sir, you will see nothing but rudeness and nakedness.

And we, sir, will never get out of this bark. Because honest labor will never earn us more piece daily bread. And whoever has money, sir, tries to enslave the poor, so that for his labors free more money make money...

» « significant person in the city "in terms of wealth and influence on the entire population, the merchant Dikoy replied to the mayor, to whom "... the peasants came to complain that he would not count any of them by way": "A lot of people stay with me every year; you understand: I won’t pay them any pennies per person, but I make thousands of this, so it’s good for me! It is difficult to explain the predatory way of capital accumulation more frankly and precisely than Dikoy did.

The arbitrariness of Wild, the lust for power of the merchant's wife - the widow Kabanova, who keeps all the household in awe and fear, knows no bounds. In the article “A Ray of Light in the Dark Kingdom”, dedicated to the drama “Thunderstorm”, Dobrolyubov writes about Ostrovsky that “in him you find not only the moral, but also the worldly, economic side of the issue, and this is the essence of the matter. In him, you clearly see how tyranny is based on money, which is called "God's blessing", and how the unanswerability of people before them is determined by material dependence on it. Under the yoke of the Scavs and Boars, not only their households, but the whole city, groan. "Tolstaya" opens before them an unlimited possibility of arbitrariness and tyranny.

“The absence of any law, any logic - this is the law and logic of this ^life,” Dobrolyubov wrote about the life of Kalinov, and the investigator-n°> and any other city tsarist Russia. For Kabanikh there is no independent thought, no consolidated feeling; everyone must obey the elders and the mighty ones. She hates everything young, new, alive. In that house where there are no old people, where old age does not rule, “brought out”, she doesn’t even want to enter, as if you spit in an infected dwelling, but get out soon. The boar oppresses everyone who comes; to face her, but the son of Tikhon is stronger than all.

She had no will, plunged his mind into a deep sleep. Tikhon, in his own way, passionately and devotedly loves his wife, but the "dark kingdom" fell on him too. He is gentle towards Katerina, but he is also rude to her, leads the company to Wild. In the impotence and suffering of Tikhon, the humiliation of a slave is often felt.

And yet, under Tikhon's coarse merchant coat, a human heart beats. Offended and offended, he shouts over the corpse of Katerina: “Mother, you ruined her” copying is prohibited 2005 you, you, you ... ” Dobrolyubov called Katerina a ray of light in the dark kingdom in the article of the same name. Wild and Kabanikhs have turned the city of Kalinov into an animal lair, where it is crowded for a person, but spacious for them, and now this darkness is suddenly pierced by a ray of light. True, it went out in an instant, but it announced the light, showed that the darkness would be destroyed, the Wild and Boars would be defeated.

Have a free soul and heart, looking for love, full of sympathy for everything living, beautiful, bright, that is in nature and man. The gray, boring, dark life that people live around her does not satisfy Katerina. She silently endures her bondage in the house of the Kabanikh, all her reproaches and reproaches, but does not submit to her. No instructions from the mother-in-law that only fear of elders and God is saving, no exhortations from a stern old woman that "will" is a sin, can destroy in Katerina's soul neither the thirst for love, nor the impulse to will.

The Kabanikhi's house is a dungeon for her. Katerina says to Varvara: “You don’t know my character! Of course, God forbid this happens! And if I get really cold here, they won't hold me back by any force.

I'll throw myself out the window, I'll throw myself into the Volga. I don’t want to live here, so I won’t, even if you cut me!” Katerina is a strong Russian character, but "not destructive, but creative." In the drama "Thunderstorm" there is another "light" - this is Kuligin. The prototype of Kuligin, a tradesman, a self-taught watchmaker looking for a "perpetual mobile", that is, a perpetual motion machine, was the remarkable Russian inventor Ivan Petrovich Kulibin (1735-1818) to Ostrovsky.

Ostrovsky endowed his Kuligin with the same love for science, an inquisitive passion for knowledge. With the discovery of the “perpetual motion”, Kuligin’s dream is not about his own glory, but about his own good: “I would like all the money for society and use-support. Work must be given to the bourgeoisie. And then the hands a'work not CH6GO>>” EU? b’ Kuligin and Katerina have a deep connection. Like Katerina, he has a loving heart-Pefl Poetic soul; Kuligin, just like she, nurtured by the Volga, loves her, never ceases to admire her Lv tori.

He alone is able to understand what riches of the soul are in Katerina, he warmly sympathizes with her anguish and desire to free herself from the power of the "dark kingdom". "Thunderstorm" is one of the most outstanding creations of the great amaturg-realist. According to Dobrolyubov, “The Thunderstorm is, without a doubt, Ostrovsky’s most resolute, mutual relations tyranny and voicelessness are brought in it to the most tragic consequences. The drama has not lost its relevance even today.

The problematics of a work in literary criticism is a range of problems that are somehow touched upon in the text. This may be one or more aspects that the author focuses on. In this work, we will focus on the problems of Ostrovsky's Thunderstorm. A. N. Ostrovsky received a literary vocation after the first published play. “Poverty is not a vice”, “Dowry”, “ Plum”- these and many other works are devoted to social and everyday topics, however, the issue of the problems of the play“ Thunderstorm ”must be considered separately.

The play received mixed reviews from critics. Dobrolyubov saw in Katerina hope for new life, Ap. Grigoriev noticed the emerging protest against the existing order, and L. Tolstoy did not accept the play at all. The plot of "Thunderstorm", at first glance, is quite simple: everything is based on a love collision. Katerina secretly meets with a young man, while her husband went to another city on business. Unable to cope with the pangs of conscience, the girl confesses to treason, after which she rushes into the Volga. However, behind all this everyday, domestic, lies much larger things that threaten to grow to the scale of space. Dobrolyubov calls the “dark kingdom” the situation that is described in the text. An atmosphere of lies and betrayal. In Kalinovo, people are so accustomed to moral dirt that their uncomplaining consent only exacerbates the situation. It becomes scary from the realization that this place did not make people like this, it was people who independently turned the city into a kind of accumulation of vices. And now already dark kingdom is beginning to affect residents. After a detailed acquaintance with the text, one can notice how widely developed the problems of the work "Thunderstorm". The problems in Ostrovsky's "Thunderstorm" are diverse, but at the same time they do not have a hierarchy. Each individual problem is important in itself.

The problem of fathers and children

Here we are not talking about misunderstanding, but about total control, about patriarchal orders. The play shows the life of the Kabanov family. At that time, the opinion of the eldest man in the family was undeniable, and wives and daughters were practically deprived of rights. The head of the family is Marfa Ignatievna, a widow. She took over the male functions. This is a powerful and prudent woman. Kabanikha believes that she takes care of her children, ordering them to do as she wants. This behavior led to quite logical consequences. Her son, Tikhon, is a weak and spineless person. Mother, it seems, wanted to see him like that, because in this case it is easier to control a person. Tikhon is afraid to say anything, to express his opinion; in one of the scenes, he admits that he does not have his own point of view at all. Tikhon cannot protect either himself or his wife from the tantrums and cruelty of his mother. The daughter of Kabanikhi, Varvara, on the contrary, managed to adapt to this way of life. She easily lies to her mother, the girl even changed the lock on the gate in the garden in order to freely go on dates with Curly. Tikhon is not capable of any kind of rebellion, while Varvara, in the finale of the play, escapes from her parents' house with her lover.

The problem of self-realization

When talking about the problems of the "Thunderstorm" one cannot fail to mention this aspect. The problem is realized in the image of Kuligin. This self-taught inventor dreams of making something useful for all the inhabitants of the city. His plans include assembling a perpeta mobile, building a lightning rod, and getting electricity. But this whole dark, semi-pagan world needs neither light nor enlightenment. Dikoy laughs at Kuligin's plans to find an honest income, openly mocks him. Boris, after talking with Kuligin, understands that the inventor will never invent a single thing. Perhaps Kuligin himself understands this. He could be called naive, but he knows what morals reign in Kalinov, what happens behind closed doors, what are those in whose hands power is concentrated. Kuligin learned to live in this world without losing himself. But he is not able to feel the conflict between reality and dreams as keenly as Katerina did.

The Problem of Power

In the city of Kalinov, power is not in the hands of the relevant authorities, but in those who have money. Proof of this is the dialogue between the merchant Wild and the mayor. The mayor tells the merchant that complaints are being received against the latter. To this Savl Prokofievich replies rudely. Dikoi does not hide the fact that he cheats ordinary peasants, he speaks of deceit as a normal phenomenon: if merchants steal from each other, then you can steal from ordinary residents. In Kalinov, nominal power decides absolutely nothing, and this is fundamentally wrong. After all, it turns out that without money in such a city it is simply impossible to live. Dikoy fancies himself almost a father-king, deciding who to lend money to and who not. “So know that you are a worm. If I want to, I'll have mercy, if I want to, I'll crush it, ”this is how Dikoy Kuligin answers.

The problem of love

In "Thunderstorm" the problem of love is realized in pairs Katerina - Tikhon and Katerina - Boris. The girl is forced to live with her husband, although she does not feel any feelings other than pity for him. Katya rushes from one extreme to another: she thinks between the option of staying with her husband and learning to love him or leaving Tikhon. Katya's feelings for Boris flare up instantly. This passion pushes the girl to take a decisive step: Katya goes against public opinion and Christian morality. Her feelings were mutual, but for Boris this love meant much less. Katya believed that Boris, just like her, was incapable of living in a frozen city and lying for profit. Katerina often compared herself to a bird, she wanted to fly away, to escape from that metaphorical cage, and in Boris Katya saw that air, that freedom that she lacked so much. Unfortunately, the girl made a mistake in Boris. The young man turned out to be the same as the inhabitants of Kalinov. He wanted to improve relations with Wild for the sake of getting money, he spoke with Varvara that it was better to keep feelings for Katya secret for as long as possible.

Conflict of old and new

It's about resistance. patriarchal way of life living with a new order that implies equality and freedom. This topic was very relevant. Recall that the play was written in 1859, and serfdom was abolished in 1861. Social contradictions reached their apogee. The author wanted to show what the absence of reforms and decisive action can lead to. Confirmation of this are the final words of Tikhon. “Good for you, Katya! Why am I left to live in the world and suffer!” In such a world, the living envy the dead.

Most of all, this contradiction was reflected in the main character of the play. Katerina cannot understand how one can live in lies and animal humility. The girl was suffocating in the atmosphere that was created by the inhabitants of Kalinov for a long time. She is honest and pure, so her only desire was so small and so great at the same time. Katya just wanted to be herself, to live the way she was raised. Katerina sees that everything is not at all the way she imagined before marriage. She cannot even afford a sincere impulse - to hug her husband - Kabanikha controlled and prevented any attempts by Katya to be sincere. Varvara supports Katya, but cannot understand her. Katerina is left alone in this world of deceit and dirt. The girl could not endure such pressure, she finds salvation in death. Death frees Katya from the burden of earthly life, turning her soul into something light, capable of flying away from the "dark kingdom".

It can be concluded that the problems in the drama "Thunderstorm" are significant and relevant to this day. These are unresolved issues of human existence, which will worry a person at all times. It is thanks to this formulation of the question that the play "Thunderstorm" can be called a work out of time.

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