Franz Schubert wrote music during the transition from the Viennese Classical period to the Romantic period. His works are very expressive, emotional, written using the idioms of the Viennese classical style. Schubert had just crossed the 30-year mark when he died, but he managed to leave a vast musical legacy for future generations. Today, classical music without the works of Schubert is not possible. It is still unknown why Schubert died - at the beginning of the 20th century, German doctors were sure that he died of typhoid fever, a disease of the poor. Today, some doctors believe that he died of advanced syphilis. It can be argued that Schubert himself knew about his incurable illness as early as 1823. In addition, he also suffered from a fever in recent days, but today the opinion of syphilis is more strengthened.

Personally, we think that one should take into account the fact that Schubert lived in unsanitary conditions, and that during his last days he ate and drank very little - and this is typical of gastrointestinal diseases.

Frederic Chopin The interest attracted to how and what kind of compositions Chopin wrote is naturally aroused - his creations are not only good from an aesthetic point of view, but also from a technical point of view. A glance at the notes that Chopin wrote will immediately explain all his eccentricity - the manuscripts of his works are teeming with strikethroughs, insertions, etc. It is rare to find several versions of one work that would be identical. Sheet music published "at the same time" in different countries varies - even after the work was published, Chopin found a way to correct it. In general, Chopin believed that composer's work should be creative, unlimited neither by the limits of publication, nor by other reasons. Perhaps this is what led to the fact that Chopin's music is included in a large list called "classical music".

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart one of the most interesting composers, a child prodigy, a unique child who showed incredible talents in music. Mozart already at the age of 3-4 played the harpsichord well and came up with his own compositions. Many attributed magical abilities to him - and, according to a well-known story, his rival Salieri could not stand envy and poisoned Wolfgang. Mozart had a perfect ear, a great sense of music and easily created the most complex scores. Most of Mozart's works were written for the entertainment of courtiers, so they are light, airy, although from the pianist's point of view they are quite serious. Perhaps Mozart is classical music.

Georg Friedrich Handel(born 23 February 1685 in Hull, died 14 April 1759 in London) was a Baroque composer. He became famous, first of all, for his numerous operas. About 40 operas and 25 oratorios belong to his creativity. Handel left compositions in all musical genres that existed at that time. Handel's father Georg (1622-1697) was a barber and surgeon of the Lutheran faith and served as court surgeon to the Duke of Weissenfels of Saxony.

Georg Handel took his son with him, before he was 8 years old, to Weissenfels. Thus, the baby met the court musicians and played the organ in the presence of the duke. He immediately recognized the boy's talent and had a serious talk with his father, who listened to his arguments, although he himself was not interested in music.

After returning, Handel became a student of Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, organist of the Madonna Church. With him, he studied composition, learned to play, in addition to keyboard instruments, also on the oboe and violin. Motets also had to be composed every week. Handel is then sent to the court in Berlin at the age of twelve, where he makes a great impression with his musical ability. The Elector of Brandenburg (later the Prussian King Frederick I) proposes to send the boy to Italy for training and then determine him at the court in Berlin.

In October 1712, Handel returned to London, where he spent the rest of his life. He first lived for one year with a wealthy music lover, Barn Elmes, in Surrey. For the next 3 years he lived with Earl Burlington near London.

Franz Liszt was born on October 22, 1811 in Raiding, then the Kingdom of Hungary, today - Austria (Burgenland). He was one of the most famous and most successful virtuoso pianists of the 19th century, as well as a brilliant composer. Everyone who studied at a music school must have come across his name and works. He was born in the first half of the 19th century, in October. Since childhood, the composer began to write music and give concerts. F. Liszt wrote sketches, communicated with such composers as Chopin, Salieri and Paganini. He turned piano works into pop music, changing the perception of the piano from a chamber, salon instrument into an instrument designed for a wide audience. Franz Liszt made arrangements for other musical works, giving them a new sound. He created variations and fantasies on well-known motifs. Franz Liszt also visited Russia and communicated with Russian composers and musicians, in particular, with Glinka.

He was engaged in symphonic work and often wrote plays based on historical or fictional events. In his works, one can also find images of famous writers, in particular, Faust and Mephistopheles.

Franz Liszt played a big role in the development of the musical genre in his homeland - in Hungary.

F. Liszt died in 1886, at the age of 75. The place of his death was the city of Bayreuth.

Johann Sebastian Bach(born March 21, 1685 in Eisenach, died July 28, 1750 in Leipzig) is a German composer of the Baroque era. Today he is considered one of the greatest musical creators of all time, who significantly influenced later music and whose works are performed all over the world both in the original and in countless adaptations.

Immediately after his entry into church service, Bach began to compose or remake cantatas for appropriate performances. During this systematic work, an average of about one work a week arose during the first years, then the pace slowed down. Early in 1725, Bach met the poet Christian Friedrich Heinrich Aliens Picander, who finally delivered the text for the Matthew Passion, which was first shown in 1727 or 1729. In 1729, Bach took over the management of the music college founded by Telemann in 1701, which he headed until 1741, probably even until 1746. Along with teaching, he represented German and Italian instrumental and vocal music, in addition, he wrote some of the his secular cantatas, such as Hercules at the Crossroads, which he called "Dramma per la Musica" or "Dramma per Musica" and which are similar in structure to the opera. In the peasant and coffee cantata it is shown that he could also write in the humorous genre. The latter, in all likelihood, was performed at the Zimerman Coffee House when he gave concerts with a musical collegium.

Ludwig van Beethoven(born December 16, 1770 in Bonn, Germany; died March 26, 1827 in Vienna) was a Viennese classical composer. He is considered the composer who brought the music of that era to its highest development. Ludwig van Beethoven was born into a musician's family. Beethoven's father was struck by the little Wolfgang Mozart, who performed as a composer at the age of 6 and was known as a child prodigy. With the goal of making his son a child prodigy, he began giving him piano lessons. Young Beethoven also learned to play the organ and clarinet. However, his father's strict attitude hampered the development of the boy, who was raised out of bed in the middle of the night to demonstrate his piano playing skills to his father's friends. This led to Beethoven becoming often tired at school and suffering from a lack of concentration. At the age of 11, he was forced to leave school. Otherwise, Beethoven's childhood was not problem-free. His father was an alcoholic, his mother was very ill and of his 6 brothers and sisters only two survived. Yes, when he also fell ill at the age of 5 with inflammation of the middle ear, his parents did not notice this, and this is considered one of the causes of deafness that arose later. While Beethoven had a strained and reserved attitude towards his father, he was very fond of his mother. Beethoven's father's colleagues in the Bonn court recognized Ludwig's talent and made sure that his father finally decided to transfer his son's further musical education into the hands of other musicians. Among Beethoven's most famous patrons and teachers in Bonn during the following years were Christian Gottlob Näfe (piano, organ and composition) and Franz Anton Ries (violin). 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, overtures (Prometheus, Coriolanus, Eleanor), vocal works, Fidelio's opera, piano works, 32 piano sonatas, ballets and stage music, chamber music, quartets, cello sonatas.

Nicolo Poganini, born October 27, 1782 in Genoa, was an Italian violinist, guitarist and composer. At the time he was the leading and most virtuoso violinist. Appearance (he was thin, had jet-black hair and brown eyes) and his brilliant playing technique made him a legend during his lifetime. Paganini received his first violin lessons at an early age, including from his father (Antonio Paganini), who forced him to take regular lessons. If, in his father's opinion, he was not diligent enough, little Nicolò did not receive any food, and beatings often took place. He earned his livelihood by traveling around Italy as a virtuoso violinist. Between 1805 and 1809 he had a stable position with Princess Elisa Baciotti Lucca, Napoleon's sister. This was his only permanent position. Since 1813, Paganini was constantly on concert tours, where he bewitched his listeners with the "magic art of the violinist." Vienna, London, Paris, again Vienna and so endlessly In Paris in 1833 he met Hector Berlioz, from whom he took composition lessons. He died in 1840 in Nice while on vacation.

Q Out of his 8 violin concertos, 6 remain today.

В· Today, his 24 capriccios belong to the standard repertoire of the best violinists. They are so difficult that it was possible only 50 years after his death to play them without simplifications.

В· 12 sonatas for cello and guitar.

В· 6 quartets for cello, violin and guitar.

В· 60 etudes in variations for cello and guitar.

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Johann Sebastian Bach (1685 - 1750) German composer and organist. Founder of modern music. His name is regularly mentioned in the lists of the most famous composers in the world. He created works in all genres known at that time, except for opera: cantatas, music for organ, violin and piano. His works lend themselves easily to modern instrumental processing. Bach's creative legacy is enormous. During his life, Bach wrote more than 1000 works.

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Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) Great German composer, conductor and pianist, one of the three "Viennese classics". The main theme of Beethoven's work can be called the idea of ​​​​a heroic struggle for freedom, consonant with the revolutionary era. At the same time, his music also conveys the subtlest lyrical experiences. Creativity: Elise, Moonlight Sonata No. 14, Symphonies No. 5, No. 9, Egmont Overture.

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Georges Bizet (1838 - 1875) French composer of the Romantic period, author of orchestral works, romances, piano pieces, and operas, the most famous of which was Carmen. The uniqueness of the work of the great composer was expressed not only in the highest merits of his works, but also in Bizet's deep understanding of theatrical music. Creativity: "Carmen", "Carmen - Suite", "Pearl Seekers", etc.

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Giuseppe Verdi (1813 - 1901) Italian composer, whose work is one of the greatest achievements of world opera art and the culmination of the development of Italian opera in the 19th century. The composer created 26 operas and one requiem. The composer's best operas: Ball in Masquerade, Rigoletto, Il Trovatore, La Traviata. The pinnacle of creativity is the latest operas: Aida, Othello, Falstaff.

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Antonio Vivaldi (1678 - 1741) Italian composer, virtuoso violinist, teacher, conductor, Catholic priest. Vivaldi is considered one of the largest representatives of the Italian violin art of the 18th century, during his lifetime he received wide recognition throughout Europe. Known for his instrumental concertos, especially for the violin. His most famous work is the cycle of four violin concertos "The Seasons". Author of more than 40 operas.

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Edvard Grieg (1843 - 1907) Norwegian composer of the Romantic period, musical figure, pianist, conductor. Grieg's work was formed under the influence of Norwegian folk culture. Among the most famous works by Grieg are two suites from the music for Henrik Ibsen's drama "Peer Gynt", a concerto for piano and orchestra, and violin sonatas. Author of music for the play "Morning", "In the cave of the mountain king", "Song of Solveig".

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Felix Mendelssohn (1809 - 1847) German composer, pianist, conductor, teacher of Jewish origin. One of the largest representatives of romanticism in music, the author of the famous wedding march. Head of the Leipzig School of German Music, founder of the Leipzig Conservatory. Great are the merits of Mendelssohn as a conductor.

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756 - 1791) Austrian composer and virtuoso musician. One of the most popular classical composers, Mozart had a great influence on the world musical culture. According to contemporaries, Mozart had a phenomenal musical ear, memory and ability to improvise. Creativity: The Magic Flute, The Marriage of Figaro, Symphony No. 40, Symphony No. 6, Requiem, etc.

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Niccolo Paganini (1782 - 1840) Italian virtuoso violinist and guitarist, composer. One of the brightest personalities in the musical history of the XVIII-XIX centuries. Paganini was a true virtuoso, possessing an extremely bright personality, basing his playing on original technical techniques, which he performed with infallible purity and confidence. Paganini possessed a precious collection of Stradivari violins, Guarneri. He wrote about 200 pieces for guitar. Among his works, "24 Caprices" for violin solo are especially famous.

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Fryderyk Chopin (1810 - 1849) Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher. Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances: mazurka, polonaise, waltz. Creativity: 3 sonatas, 4 ballads, 27 etudes, 17 waltzes (No. 7), 60 mazurkas, 16 polonaises.

Music is one of the most beautiful creations of mankind. It is able to influence the innermost strings of the soul, inciting to the noble and even to...

By Masterweb

Music is one of the most beautiful creations of mankind. It is able to influence the innermost strings of the soul, prompting noble and even heroic deeds. To write a work that would move the hearts of people for many decades or centuries, you need to be "kissed by God" and have an innate talent. We invite you to find out who are the most famous composers of classical music who created the most famous operas, concerts, symphonies and ballets.

Saint Hildegard of Bingen

This nun, who lived in the 12th century, is considered the "mother of the opera." She recorded over 70 chants, including Ordo Virtutum. It has 16 female parts of the "Virtues" and one male, personifying the Devil. The music of Saint Hildegard had a great influence on Renaissance composers.

Guillaume Dufay

The illegitimate son of a priest from childhood was brought up at the cathedral of the French city of Combray and sang in the church choir.

Subsequently, he was recognized as the most famous among European composers of the 15th century. The merit of Dufay is that he managed to combine medieval techniques with harmonies and phrasings characteristic of the early Renaissance. Along with masses, he also wrote chanson, Under his song L'homme armé, King Philip the Good gathered troops for a crusade against the Turks.

Giovanni da Palestrina

The composer, also known as Giannetto, lived in Italy in the 16th century. Mankind owes him the creation of a phenomenon known as polyphonic singing for Catholic worship.

Thanks to Giannetto, the Council of Trent made a reform in church music. Pope Pius the Fourth compared the masses he wrote to the singing that St. John the Apostle "heard in the heavenly Jerusalem."

Antonio Vivaldi

The mere work “The Four Seasons” by this great Italian is enough for him to be included in the list of “Famous Composers of All Times and Peoples”. Vivaldi is considered a musician, thanks to whom there was a transition from heavy-sounding baroque music to light classical music. Along with serious works, he wrote many charming serenades, and also went down in history as a genius, capable of creating a 3-act opera in 5 days.

Moreover, many historians believe that it was he who, more than his other contemporary colleagues, influenced the formation of many famous classical composers of subsequent generations.

Georg Friedrich Handel

Already at the age of 11, young Georg was a court harpsichordist at the court of the Elector of Berlin. He was born in the same year as Johann Sebastian Bach, but unlike the latter, he was not a hereditary musician.

As a renowned composer, Handel told one of his admirers that his goal has always been to make people better through his music.

Johann Sebastian Bach

The most famous composers of the 19th-20th centuries called this great musician their teacher more than once. In total, he wrote more than 1000 works and went down in history as one of the most virtuoso organists of all time. In addition, Johann Sebastian Bach is recognized as a master of polyphony, as well as the creator of masterpieces of clavier music.

Ludwig van Beethoven, who was born 20 years after the death of his senior colleague, called him "the true father of harmony", and the famous philosopher Georg Hegel called him "an erudite genius".

Subsequently, many famous composers, such as Liszt, Schumann, Brahms, etc., wishing to express their respect for him, included Bach's musical phrases in their works.

Franz Joseph Haydn

The musician lived all his life in Austria and, in his own words, was “doomed to become original”, as he was isolated from other composers and did not have the opportunity to get acquainted with the trends of contemporary music.

Only at the age of 47, Haydn could change the terms of the contract, according to which for 18 years all his works were considered the property of the Esterhazy family of Hungarian magnates. This allowed him to write the kind of music he wanted and achieve international fame.

In the field of writing instrumental music, Haydn is rightly considered one of the most famous composers of the second half of the 18th and early 19th centuries.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Perhaps there is no such famous composer of classical music, whose works are as popular today as the compositions of Mozart. Even many rock stars perform them in modern processing and use famous rappers as an accompaniment.

The musical heritage of Amadeus is more than six hundred compositions. He belongs to the geniuses whose musical talent manifested itself at a very early age. Already at the age of 5, Wolfgang began to write his first works, and at 6 he knew how to play the harpsichord and the violin excellently.

The composer's masterpieces include "Requiem", "The Marriage of Figaro", "Turkish March", "Little Night Serenade", "Don Giovanni", 41 symphonies, etc. They amaze with their perfection and ease of perception. Even those who do not consider themselves a fan of classical music enjoy listening to arias from the composer's operas.

Giuseppe Verdi

Those who are interested in vocal art will recognize that one of the most famous composers who worked in this genre is, of course, Giuseppe Verdi. His operas are most often performed on the most famous stages around the world. Many of Verdi's arias are among the most performed classical works.

During his lifetime, the composer was often criticized for indulging the tastes of the common people. However, subsequent generations recognized many of his works as masterpieces of world art. They are distinguished by their special melody and they are easily reproduced even by those who do not have a special ear for music and singing talent.

Ludwig van Beethoven

The composer is recognized as a key figure who ensured the transition from romanticism to classicism. Beethoven wrote in all contemporary musical genres. However, his instrumental works are best known, including his overtures, symphonies, sonatas, and several concertos for violin and piano.

One of the most frequently performed works of the composer is "Ode to Joy", which was included in Beethoven's 9th symphony. It is recognized as the official anthem of the EU.

Richard Wagner

In the list of "Famous Musical Composers of Germany in the 19th century", Wagner occupies a special place, as he is considered a kind of revolutionary. His works are distinguished by rich chromaticism, harmony and orchestration. Wagner introduced the concept of leitmotif into musical art: a theme associated with a specific character, as well as a plot and a place. In addition, the composer is the founder of the musical drama, which had a great influence on the development of classical music.

Johann Strauss

When listing the names of famous composers, they often indicate only musicians who have created and continue to create serious works. However, the king of the waltz, Johann Strauss, certainly deserves to be included among the people who have made the greatest contribution to the development of the musical culture of mankind.

In total, Strauss wrote more than 500 works in the dance genre. Many of his waltzes are still popular today, and even those who are not fans of classical music listen to them.

Frederic Chopin

This Polish composer is considered one of the most prominent representatives of romanticism in world musical culture. In addition, Chopin is the founder of the Polish school of composition. He contributed a lot to the recognition and increase the authority of his homeland in Europe. Among the works of this famous composer, a special place is occupied by waltzes, which are considered to be a kind of Chopin's autobiography.

Antonin Dvorak

The famous Czech composer made a huge contribution to the development of Czech national music. Among other things, he was a virtuoso violinist and violist. He managed to gain worldwide popularity, as classical music lovers were attracted by the symbiosis of elements of the national music of Bohemia and Moravia with European classics.

Dvořek's most famous works include Symphony No. 9 "From the New World", "Requiem", the opera "Mermaid", "Slavic Dances", "American" String Quartet and Stabat Mater.

Famous composers of Russia

Our country has made a significant contribution to the development of the musical culture of mankind.

The most famous Russian composers are:

• Mikhail Glinka. The composer, who worked in the first half of the 19th century, was the first to create large-scale works based on Russian folk songs. His most famous work is the opera "Ivan Susanin", in which Glinka managed to combine the traditions of Russian choral singing and European opera art.
• Pyotr Tchaikovsky. This great musician is one of the most famous composers in the world.

One of his most important missions, Tchaikovsky considered increasing the glory of his homeland. And he succeeded in this to the full, since today the melodies from his works are performed in all corners of the planet, and his ballets are staged on the most famous stage venues in the world. Particularly famous are such works by Tchaikovsky as the ballets "Swan Lake", "The Nutcracker", "Sleeping Beauty", etc.

• Sergei Prokofiev. The ballet "Romeo and Juliet" by this composer is considered one of the best works of this genre of the 20th century. His achievements also include the creation of his own style, recognized as a new word in the world of musical art.
• Dmitri Shostakovich. During the blockade of Leningrad, the whole world was shocked by the premiere performance of the composer's Leningrad Symphony. Shostakovich succeeded in conveying in the language of music the determination of the city's defenders to fight to the last drop of blood. Despite the persecution and accusations of bourgeois decadence, the composer continued to create original works that put him on a par with the most famous composers of the 20th century.

Famous contemporary composers

It just so happens that the general public today has very little interest in serious music. Most often, fame comes to composers if they write music for films. Among the most popular composers of recent decades are the following:

• Michel Legrand. Initially, the composer gained fame as a virtuoso pianist and conductor of classical music. However, he gained wide popularity thanks to his films. His score for the film-opera The Umbrellas of Cherbourg brought Legrand his first Oscar nomination. Later, the composer received this award three times, and also received the Benois of the Dance prize for the ballet Liliom.
• Ludovico Einaudi. This Italian composer prefers a minimalist style, and also successfully combines classical music with other musical styles. Einaudi is known to a wide range of music lovers for his soundtracks, for example, everyone knows the melody he wrote for the French tape “1 + 1”.
• Philip Glass. The composer initially worked in the field of classics, but over time he was able to blur the line between it and modern musical trends. For several decades, Glass has been playing in his own Philip Glass Ensemble. Movie lovers know his works written for the films "The Illusionist", "The Truman Show", "Taste of Life" and "Fantastic Four".
• Giovanni Marradi. The composer is not related to cinema, but gained popularity due to the retro-classical sound of his works, in which he uses motifs from previous centuries.

Now you know the names of the most famous composers. The music that they created in different centuries is still capable of awakening the kindest and highest feelings, even in the hardened souls of people who have forgotten about high ideals.

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The concept of "composer" first appeared in the 16th century in Italy, and since then it has been used to refer to a person who composes music.

19th century composers

In the 19th century, the Viennese School of Music was represented by such an outstanding composer as Franz Peter Schubert. He continued the tradition of romanticism and influenced a whole generation of composers. Schubert created over 600 German romances, taking the genre to a new level.

Franz Peter Schubert

Another Austrian, Johann Strauss, became famous for his operettas and light musical forms of dance character. It was he who made the waltz the most popular dance in Vienna, where balls are still held. In addition, his legacy includes polkas, quadrilles, ballets and operettas.

Johann Strauss

A prominent representative of modernism in the music of the late 19th century was the German Richard Wagner. His operas have not lost their relevance and popularity to this day.

Giuseppe Verdi

Wagner can be contrasted with the majestic figure of the Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi, who remained true to operatic traditions and gave Italian opera a new breath.

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky

Among the Russian composers of the 19th century, the name of Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky stands out. He is characterized by a unique style that combines European symphonic traditions with Glinka's Russian heritage.

Composers of the 20th century

Sergei Vasilyevich Rahmaninov

One of the brightest composers of the late 19th - early 20th centuries is rightfully considered Sergei Vasilyevich Rachmaninov. His musical style was based on the traditions of romanticism and existed in parallel with the avant-garde movements. It was for his individuality and the absence of analogues that his work was highly appreciated by critics around the world.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky

The second most famous composer of the 20th century is Igor Fedorovich Stravinsky. Russian by origin, he emigrated to France, and then to the USA, where he showed his talent to the fullest. Stravinsky is an innovator, not afraid to experiment with rhythms and styles. In his work, the influence of Russian traditions, elements of various avant-garde movements and a unique individual style can be traced, for which he is called "Picasso in Music".

Great composers, whose names are widely known all over the world, have created a huge number of valuable works. Their creations are truly unique. Each of them has an individual and unique style.

Great composers of the world (foreign). List

Below are foreign composers of different centuries, whose names are known throughout the world. It:

• A. Vivaldi.
• J. S. Bach.
• W. A. ​​Mozart.
• I. Brahms.
• J. Haydn.
• R. Schuman.
• F. Schubert.
• L. Beethoven.
• I. Strauss.
• R. Wagner.
• G. Verdi.
• A. Berg.
• A. Schoenberg.
• J. Gershwin.
• O. Messiaen.
• C. Ives.
• B. Britten.

Great composers of the world (Russians). List

He created a large number of operettas, worked with light musical forms of a dance character, in which he was very successful. Thanks to Strauss, the waltz became an extremely popular dance in Vienna. By the way, balls are still held there. The composer's legacy includes polkas, ballets and quadrilles.

And G. Verdi - the great ones who created a huge number of operas that won the sincere love of the audience.

The German Richard Wagner was the most prominent representative of modernism in the music of this century. His opera heritage is rich. Tannhäuser, Lohengrin, The Flying Dutchman and other operas are still relevant, popular and staged.

The Italian composer Giuseppe Verdi is a very majestic figure. He gave Italian opera a new breath, while he remained true to operatic traditions.

Russian composers of the 19th century

M. I. Glinka, A. P. Borodin, M. P. Mussorgsky, P. I. Tchaikovsky are the great composers of classical music of the 19th century who lived and created their works in Russia.

The works of Mikhail Ivanovich Glinka determined national and world significance in the history of Russian music. His work, which grew up on Russian folk songs, is deeply national. He is rightfully considered an innovator, the ancestor of Russian musical classics. Glinka worked fruitfully in all his operas Ivan Susanin (A Life for the Tsar) and Ruslan and Lyudmila opened the way for two leading directions. Of great importance in the development of musical art were his symphonic works: "Kamarinskaya", "Waltz-Fantasy" and many others.

Alexander Porfiryevich Borodin is a great Russian composer. His work is small in scope, but significant in content. The central place is occupied by heroic historical images. He closely intertwines deep lyricism with epic breadth. The opera "Prince Igor" combines the features of folk-musical drama and epic opera. His first and second symphonies mark a new direction in Russian symphony - heroic-epic. In the field of chamber-vocal lyrics, he became a real innovator. His romances: "Sea", "For the Shores of the Far Homeland", "Song of the Dark Forest" and many others. Borodin had a significant impact on his followers.

Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky is another great Russian composer of the 19th century. He was a member of the Balakirev circle, which was called the "Mighty Handful". He worked fruitfully in a variety of genres. His operas are beautiful: "Khovanshchina", "Boris Godunov", "Sorochinsky Fair". In his works, the features of creative individuality were manifested. He owns a number of romances: "Kalistrat", "Seminarian", "Lullaby to Eremushka", "Orphan", "Svetik Savishna". They capture the unique national characters.

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky - composer, conductor, teacher.

Opera and symphonic genres were leading in his work. The content of his music is universal. His operas The Queen of Spades and Eugene Onegin are masterpieces of Russian classical music. The symphony also occupies a central place in his work. His works became known throughout the world during his lifetime.

Representatives of the new Viennese school

A. Berg, A. Webern, A. Schoenberg are great composers who lived and created their works throughout the 20th century.

Alban Berg became world famous thanks to his amazing opera Wozzeck, which made a strong impression on the listeners. He wrote it for several years. Its premiere took place on December 14, 1925. Today, Wozzeck is a classic example of 20th-century opera.

Anton Webern is an Austrian composer, one of the brightest representatives of the new Viennese school. In his works he used serial and dodecaphone technique. Conciseness and conciseness of thought, concentration of musical and expressive means are inherent in it. His work had a strong influence on Stravinsky, Boulez, Gubaidulina and many other Russian and foreign composers.

Arnold Schoenberg is a prominent representative of such a musical style as expressionism. Author of serial and dodecaphone technique. His compositions: the Second String Quartet (F-sharp minor), "Drama with music for choir and orchestra", the opera "Moses and Aaron" and many others.

J. Gershwin, O. Messiaen, C. Ives

These are the great composers of the 20th century who are known all over the world.

George Gershwin is an American composer and pianist. He became extremely popular thanks to his large-scale work Porgy and Bess. This is a "folklore" opera. It is based on the novel by Dubos Hayward. No less famous are his instrumental works: "Rhapsody in the Blues Style for Piano and Orchestra", "An American in Paris", "Second Rhapsody" and many others.

Olivier Messiaen - French composer, organist, teacher, music theorist. In his remarkable theoretical works, he outlined new and rather complex principles of musical composition. Theological ideas were reflected in his works. He was very fascinated by the voices of birds. Therefore, he created the "Catalogue of Birds" for piano.

Charles Ives is an American composer. His work was influenced by folk music. Therefore, his style is extremely unique. He created five symphonies, five violin sonatas, two piano sonatas, the cantata "Heavenly Country" and many other works.

Russian composers of the 20th century

S. S. Prokofiev, I. F. Stravinsky, D. D. Shostakovich are the great composers of the 20th century.

Sergei Sergeevich Prokofiev - composer, conductor, pianist.

His music is varied in content. It contains lyrics and epic, humor and drama, psychologism and characterization. Opera and ballet creativity laid down new principles and techniques of musical dramaturgy. His operas are The Gambler, The Love for Three Oranges, War and Peace. Prokofiev worked in the genre of film music. His cantata "Alexander Nevsky", created in collaboration with director S. Eisenstein, is widely known.

Igor Fyodorovich Stravinsky - émigré composer, conductor.

His work is divided into Russian and foreign periods. His brightest ballets: "Petrushka", "The Rite of Spring", "The Firebird". Stravinsky also made a great contribution to the symphonic genre.

Dmitry Dmitrievich Shostakovich - composer, teacher, pianist. His work is multifaceted in genres and figurative content. Especially his importance as a composer-symphonist. His fifteen symphonies reflect the complex world of human feelings with experiences, struggles, tragic conflicts. His opera "Katerina Izmailova" is an excellent work of this genre.

Conclusion

The music of great composers is written in different genres, contains multifaceted plots, constantly updated techniques that correspond to a particular era. Some composers have excelled in a few genres, while others have successfully covered almost all areas. Of the entire galaxy of great composers, it is difficult to single out the best. All of them have made a significant contribution to the history of world musical culture.