Types of orchestras and their differences. Theater for dummies: Orchestra pit What orchestras exist

An orchestra is a group of musicians who play various instruments. But it should not be confused with the ensemble. This article will tell you what types of orchestras are. And their compositions of musical instruments will also be consecrated.

Varieties of orchestras

An orchestra differs from an ensemble in that in the first case, the same instruments are combined into groups playing in unison, that is, one common melody. And in the second case, each musician is a soloist - he plays his part. "Orchestra" is a Greek word and translates as "dance floor". It was located between the stage and the audience. The choir was located on this site. Then it became similar to modern orchestra pits. And over time, musicians began to settle down there. And the name "orchestra" went to groups of performers-instrumentalists.

Types of orchestras:

• Symphonic.
• String.
• Wind.
• Jazz.
• Pop.
• Orchestra of folk instruments.
• Military.
• School.

The composition of the instruments of different types of orchestra is strictly defined. Symphonic consists of a group of strings, percussion and brass. String and brass bands are made up of instruments corresponding to their names. Jazz can have a different composition. The variety orchestra consists of wind, string, percussion, keyboard and electric musical instruments.

Varieties of choirs

A choir is a large ensemble of singers. There must be at least 12 artists. In most cases, choirs perform accompanied by orchestras. Types of orchestras and choirs are different. There are several classifications. First of all, the choirs are divided into types according to their composition of voices. It can be: women's, men's, mixed, children's, as well as boys' choirs. According to the manner of performance, folk and academic are distinguished.

Choirs are also classified by the number of performers:

• 12-20 people - vocal and choral ensemble.
• 20-50 artists - chamber choir.
• 40-70 singers - average.
• 70-120 participants - a large choir.
• Up to 1000 artists - consolidated (from several groups).

According to their status, choirs are divided into: educational, professional, amateur, church.

Symphony Orchestra

Not all types of orchestras include bowed string instruments. This group includes: violins, cellos, violas, double basses. One of the orchestras, which includes a string-bow family, is a symphony one. It consists of several different groups of musical instruments. Today, there are two types of symphony orchestras: small and large. The first of them has a classical composition: 2 flutes, the same number of bassoons, clarinets, oboes, trumpets and horns, no more than 20 strings, occasionally timpani.

A large symphony orchestra can be of any composition. It can include 60 or more string instruments, tubas, up to 5 trombones of different timbres and 5 trumpets, up to 8 horns, up to 5 flutes, as well as oboes, clarinets and bassoons. It may also include such varieties from the wind group as oboe d "amour, piccolo flute, contrabassoon, English horn, saxophones of all types. It can include a huge number of percussion instruments. Often a large symphony orchestra includes an organ, piano, harpsichord and harp.

Brass band

Almost all types of orchestras include a family of wind instruments. This group includes two varieties: copper and wood. Some types of bands consist only of brass and percussion instruments, such as brass and military bands. In the first variety, the main role belongs to cornets, bugles of various types, tubas, baritone-euphoniums. Secondary instruments: trombones, trumpets, horns, flutes, saxophones, clarinets, oboes, bassoons. If the brass band is large, then, as a rule, all the instruments in it increase in quantity. Very rarely harps and keyboards may be added.

The repertoire of brass bands includes:

• Marches.
• Ballroom European dances.
• opera arias.
• Symphonies.
• Concerts.

Brass bands perform most often in open street areas or accompany the procession, as they sound very powerful and bright.

Orchestra of Folk Instruments

Their repertoire includes mainly compositions of a folk character. What is their instrumental composition? Each nation has its own. For example, an orchestra of Russian folk instruments includes: balalaikas, gusli, domra, zhaleika, whistles, button accordions, rattles and so on.

military band

The types of orchestras consisting of wind and percussion instruments have already been listed above. There is another variety that includes these two groups. These are military bands. They serve to voice military rituals, solemn ceremonies, as well as to participate in concerts. Military bands are of two types. Some consist of percussion instruments and brass instruments. They are called homogeneous. The second type is mixed military bands, which, among other things, include a group of woodwinds.

Today, almost every musical theater on the planet has its own orchestra pit. But there were times when it simply did not exist. Asking a question about the history of its occurrence, here is what we managed to find out.

Is it true that the orchestra pit was invented by Richard Wagner?

No. The great German composer Richard Wagner was indeed a musical reformer, but he did not invent the orchestra pit. He only made some adjustments to its location, pushing it deeper under the stage and hiding it with a special visor. The pit itself appeared at a time when even the concept of " conductor' didn't exist yet.

When did the concept of "pit" appear?

During the Renaissance, a group of musicians of the European theater successfully found a language with the performers without a special leader, being located on the same level with the audience of the lower tier until the third quarter of the 19th century. The place that we today call the parterre, just in the Renaissance, began to be called the "pit". True, it did not have any signs of prestige, there were no chairs in it, the audience had to stand for the whole action, and the floor was often earthen, where the owners of the cheapest tickets threw everything they ate during many hours of performances - nut shells and orange peels. And next to these groundlings”, constituting the audience of the “pit” for 1 penny (the cost of a serving of cheap beef), there were also musicians playing along to the artists performing on a high platform. It was only in 1702 that this place for musicians at the platform for playing began to be called the ancient Greek word " orchestra" (translated from Greek " place for dancing»).

Pit at the platform of Shakespeare's Globe Theater

How did the conductor appear?

By the beginning of the 18th century, the number of participants in the orchestra continued to grow, revealing the great problem of maintaining tempo. Why there was a need for a leader capable of leading the team during the game. They often became a native of the musicians, performing one of the parties. His main task was to maintain a strong share.

In the era of the diversity of violin instruments (the last third of the 18th century), when different-sized viols were replaced by viola, cello, double bass, the first violinist often acted as the leader of the orchestra, using a sheet of white paper folded into a tube to control. At the turn of the 18th - 19th centuries, the first conductors stood facing the auditorium in the center of the orchestra on a small hill. And the orchestra was still located at the ramp, on the same level with the stalls. However, by the end of the 19th century, his position had changed. He stood at the row of the first violins, with his back to the audience, and could see everything that was happening on the stage. This innovation belongs to Richard Wagner.

Richard Wagner (1813 - 1883)

What else did Richard Wagner come up with?

In addition to a new instrument - a bass trumpet, moving the conductor's stand and a number of reforms in composition, harmony, action, he moved the orchestra to a special niche near the ramp, lowered below stage level and covered with a special device on top. Many researchers sacralize this act, seeing in it a manifestation of the will of the great Author to do the same with the orchestra as with the Nibelungs, hiding them in the abyss of the dungeon. We will leave the interpretation to the fans of Wagner's talent, but we got the real fact of the disappearance of the obstacle that distracts from the curious theatrical spectacle to the magnificent, no one knows where sounding music.

What instruments does an orchestra usually consist of?

The tradition developed during the period of the so-called "Viennese classics" (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven), when the first symphonies were composed, which gave the name to its first performers - symphony orchestras. Today, such an orchestra for the performance of Western European music is called " classic" or " Beethoven"(since it was formed in the composer's scores) and consists of four instrumental groups: 1 ) string quintet with bows (1st and 2nd violin, viola, cello, double bass); 2 ) paired woodwinds (pairs of flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons); 3 ) duxovyx copper (a couple of trumpets and 2-4 horns) and 4 ) percussion (represented by timpani, but today the big and small drums, triangle, orchestral bells, xylophone and even tam-tams are additionally used). Occasionally attract harp and representatives 5 ) keyboards (organ, harpsichord, piano) and others. For some works by composers of the late, romantic era, it took up to one hundred and fifty performers (Wagner, Bruckner, Mahler, Strauss, Scriabin). At the same time, due to activities before the symphonic period (Monteverdi, Handel, etc.), chamber ensembles with a strength of 4 to 12 people that arose in the 17th century at the courts of royal and noble families are still popular. Sometimes they are not hidden in the orchestra pit, but made a stylish part of the stage action.

Are there any tools you can't do without?

Each era had its own preferences, reflected in the composition of instruments and musical leaders. In Renaissance music, it was impossible to do without keyboards - organ and harpsichord. Surprisingly, the exact composition of the instruments in a musical work was first indicated in 1607 in the opera “ Orpheus» Claudio Monteverdi (15 viols of different sizes, 2 violins, 4 flutes - a pair of large and a pair of medium ones), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 4 trumpets, 5 trombones, harp, 2 harpsichords and 3 mini-organs. In the middle of the 18th century, a clear division into chamber and orchestral music arose. Already at the turn of the 18th and 19th centuries, composers of music reflected instrumental preferences in the very name. In the 19th century, the role of strings increased again and became a leader. Composers began to write parts for each instrument, allowing one or the other to sound special.

How does the orchestra “check in” with what is happening on stage?

Looking at the notes with one eye, the musicians follow the conductor who leads them with the other. No strabismus, by the way. About what is happening on stage, none of them usually guess. In fact, they all sound great. And an unexpected rumble or a wrong note will be noticed in a timely manner, but due to excellent upbringing and strict discipline, they will not give a look.

Conductor of the orchestra of the Perm Opera and Ballet Theatre. P. I. Tchaikovsky Teodor Currentzis

What is an "orchestra pit" today?

An indentation in the dividing line between the audience and the stage action, designed to accommodate musicians whose accompaniment is necessary to accompany the plot.

Why is placed at the bottom, what does it give?

For the sake of saving spectator and stage space and in order not to interfere with the spectator's gaze to see everything that is happening on the stage plane.

What are the standard dimensions?

Rectangular opening in the stage 1.2 - 1.8 meters wide, 6.1 to 12 meters long and 1.8 to 3.0 meters deep. This last value has become the cause of the occasional injury to the public.

What is equipped?

The pits have the following equipment systems:
1 . A place for the conductor, facing the stage space, to see what is happening and organize a single musical organism.
2 . A lighting system that allows you to read sheet music and see the conductor even in complete darkness.
3 . Acoustic protection of the box itself, so that the musicians do not become deaf from each other, with a microphone sub-sound system that transmits sound through translators located throughout the audience area.
4 . Hydraulic lift or screw jack, rack or scissor system for raising and lowering sections, or elevator.
5 . Overlapping - in the case when the pit is not used, it is covered with various kinds of materials.

James McBay. Violinist. 1932

Is it proper to look into the pit during intermission?

It is unlikely that you can see something interesting there. The only known place where something extraordinary happens is the orchestra pit of the festival theater in Bayreuth (Germany), built during his lifetime and under the direction of R. Wagner (1872-76) and every summer celebrating the holiday of his music with an opera festival. It is here that the pit is hidden by a visor and descends in steps into the depths under the stage, so that it is completely invisible to the public. Due to the fact that the German composer's operas are considered the longest in the world, almost all musicians prefer light clothing - shorts and T-shirts - on the hot summer days of the forum. However, even those lucky ones who stood in a long line of ten years for tickets and got to the festival performance will not see this. In all other cases, the dress-code is mournfully formal - everything is in black, but there are situations when men are allowed to wear a white shirt under a jacket or tuxedo. During the intermission, the musicians, like the audience, go to rest out of sight.

What happens if one of the musicians gets sick?

Nothing noticeable. The ranks are growing stronger and rallying. And with a mass epidemic, some works also end faster. Peering into the history of symphonic music, when the orchestra consisted of a small number of instruments, you sometimes begin to miss the laconicism and clarity of the difference in timbres and shades of voices. Although there are lovers, "to make it louder and noisier." For them, there is a special joy - the genre of the march. Someone likes the military, some people like the wedding, and some like the mourning, which, however, is also a big, albeit sad, thing. The main thing is not to listen to them often at night.

Is it possible to throw flowers and gifts into the pit?

It's about the same as throwing bulls on the balcony below. Unless rare, literate gopniks, such behavior does not cause embarrassment. In the theater, such a thrower will certainly be noticed and beaten, enveloped in a sizzling gaze. It is not yet worth playing bowling or gorodki, throwing a bouquet at the head of a gifted orchestra player. That's not necessary! Use the services of an usher who knows a non-traumatic way to get into the orchestra pit. He can send your flowers and gifts with a postcard embedded in them. From whose person” into the hands of exactly the musician whom you wished to scare with offerings. Everything has its time and place.

The word "orchestra" has been known for a long time. In the ancient Greek theater, "orchestra" was the place in front of the stage where the choir was located during the performance of the tragedy. Later, they began to call this a large instrumental ensemble, in contrast to a small one - a chamber one (from the Latin "camera" - "room"). Large instrumental ensembles accompanied musical and theatrical performances, or performed independently. In the modern sense of An orchestra is a large group of musicians who play various instruments. The type of orchestra depends on the choice of instruments.

O Orchestra of Folk Instruments. Different peoples have different instruments, so the compositions and sound of such orchestras differ markedly from each other. The Neapolitan orchestra consists of mandolins and guitars, the national instrument orchestras of Africa and Indonesia consist mainly of percussion instruments. As part of the orchestra of Russian folk instruments, domras, balalaikas, psaltery, flutes, zhaleika, horns, button accordions, tambourines play. This is how it was created at the end of the 19th century Vasily Vasilyevich Andreev. Now the orchestra of Russian folk instruments includes a group of woodwind instruments, and the group of percussion instruments has also been significantly expanded. Such orchestras perform arrangements of Russian folk songs, works specially written for this composition.

Brass band a group of performers on wind instruments (wood and brass or only brass, the so-called gang) and percussion instruments. The brass band is able to perform in any conditions - indoors, outdoors, and even on the move. Thanks to this, the brass band has long been used by the armies of many countries. The brass band originated in the distant past. Even in ancient Egypt, Persia, Greece, China, India, solemn religious rites and military operations were accompanied by ensembles of wind and percussion instruments. The first brass bands appeared in Europe in the 17th century. In the second half of the 18th century, they were replenished with instruments of "Janissary" (Turkish) music - large and snare drums, cymbals and others. The brass band is still an indispensable participant in cultural and sports events.

jazz orchestra. Jazz is a special phenomenon in the music of the 20th century. He was born from a combination of two cultures - European and African. First jazz bands appeared in America in the 10s of the XX century. The favorite instruments of these groups were: trumpet, trombone, clarinet, piano, double bass, saxophone, guitar, banjo. In general, jazz willingly uses any instrument. The structure of most jazz pieces resembles a variational form: at the beginning, the whole ensemble plays the theme, then there is a series of improvisation variations, and at the end the theme is played again. The art of improvisation, bizarre rhythm - swing("rocking"), a special manner of performance, as if dancing - all this at one time stunned and captivated the audience. Until now, the names of famous jazz musicians are heard: singer and trumpeter Louis Armstrong, singer Ella Fitzgerald, clarinetist Benny Goodman, pianist Duke Ellington.

Variety Orchestra- uses a variety of types of compositions, including those that are characteristic of jazz. The most common type is the pop-symphony orchestra. Pop instrumental music differs from jazz in greater simplicity and melody, lack of improvisation. Variety orchestras often perform dance and entertainment music, arrangements of songs, arrangements of classical works.

Symphony Orchestra developed in the second half of the 18th century. Musicians have been looking for the best combination and ratio of instruments for a long time. At first, their selection in the orchestra was not precisely established and could vary significantly. The founders of the classical symphony orchestra become

J. Haydn and W. A. ​​Mozart, in whose work he took shape as an association of four instrumental groups: bowed string, woodwind, brass and shock. The basis of the orchestra has remained unchanged to this day, but over the past centuries, its composition has been constantly enriched with new instruments, and already known ones have been improved all the time. The symphony orchestra has the widest expressive possibilities.

Any orchestra is a large team of musicians-performers, their well-coordinated playing is impossible without conductor(from the French "to direct, manage"). Before his eyes score - notes in which the parts of all instruments are inscribed. According to the score, the conductor shows the musicians the time of their entry, counts the beats, uniting everyone into a single ensemble, and presents his understanding of the content of the work. The conductor did not always have a light baton in his hands. At first, the conductors loudly beat the time with a battuta (stick), some tapped with their feet, or with rolled up notes. Often the orchestra was led by the first violinist - Kapellmeister using a bow for this. The conductor's baton appeared in the hands of a conductor at the beginning of the 19th century. And the first to face the musicians was Richard Wagner.

Tasks:

1. Which orchestra often plays outdoors, why?

2. What orchestra was formed by V. Andreev?

3. Which orchestra can have any composition of performers,

and most importantly - improvisation and swing rhythm?

4. Which orchestra performs symphonies, symphonic poems,

suites, overtures?

5. Why does an orchestra need a conductor?

Orchestra(from the Greek orchestra) - a large team of instrumental musicians. Unlike chamber ensembles, in the orchestra some of its musicians form groups playing in unison, that is, they play the same parts.
The very idea of ​​simultaneous music-making by a group of instrumental performers goes back to ancient times: even in ancient Egypt, small groups of musicians played together at various holidays and funerals.
The word "orchestra" ("orchestra") comes from the name of the round platform in front of the stage in the ancient Greek theater, which housed the ancient Greek choir, a participant in any tragedy or comedy. During the Renaissance and beyond XVII century, the orchestra was transformed into an orchestra pit and, accordingly, gave the name to the group of musicians located in it.
There are many different types of orchestra: military brass and woodwind orchestras, folk instrument orchestras, string orchestras. The largest in composition and the richest in terms of its capabilities is the symphony orchestra.

Symphoniccalled an orchestra, composed of several heterogeneous groups of instruments - a family of strings, wind and percussion. The principle of such an association has developed in Europe in XVIII century. Initially, the symphony orchestra included groups of bowed instruments, woodwinds and brass instruments, which were joined by a few percussion musical instruments. Subsequently, the composition of each of these groups expanded and diversified. Currently, among a number of varieties of symphony orchestras, it is customary to distinguish between a small and a large symphony orchestra. The Small Symphony Orchestra is an orchestra of predominantly classical composition (playing music of the late 18th - early 19th century, or modern pastiche). It consists of 2 flutes (rarely a small flute), 2 oboes, 2 clarinets, 2 bassoons, 2 (rarely 4) horns, sometimes 2 trumpets and timpani, a string group of no more than 20 instruments (5 first and 4 second violins, 4 violas, 3 cellos, 2 double basses). The large symphony orchestra (BSO) includes obligatory trombones in the copper group and can have any composition. Often wooden instruments (flutes, oboes, clarinets and bassoons) reach up to 5 instruments of each family (clarinets sometimes more) and include varieties (pick and alto flutes, cupid oboe and English oboe, small, alto and bass clarinets, contrabassoon). The copper group can include up to 8 horns (including special Wagner tubas), 5 trumpets (including small, alto, bass), 3-5 trombones (tenor and tenorbass) and a tuba. Saxophones are often used (in a jazz orchestra, all 4 types). The string group reaches 60 or more instruments. Percussion instruments are numerous (although timpani, bells, small and large drums, a triangle, cymbals and Indian tam-tom form their backbone), harp, piano, harpsichord are often used.
To illustrate the sound of the orchestra, I will use the recording of the final concert of the YouTube Symphony Orchestra. The concert took place in 2011 in the Australian city of Sydney. It was watched live on television by millions of people around the world. The YouTube Symphony is dedicated to fostering a love of music and showcasing the vast creative diversity of humanity.

The concert program included well-known and little-known works by well-known and little-known composers.

Here is his program:

Hector Berlioz - Roman Carnival - Overture, Op. 9 (featuring Android Jones - digital artist)
Meet Maria Chiossi
Percy Grainger - Arrival on a Platform Humlet from in a Nutshell - Suite
Johan Sebastian Bach
Meet Paulo Calligopoulos - Electric Guitar and violin
Alberto Ginastera - Danza del trigo (Wheat Dance) and Danza final (Malambo) from the ballet Estancia (conducted by Ilyich Rivas)
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart - "Caro" bell "idol mio" - Canon in three voices, K562 (featuring the Sydney Children's Choir and soprano Renee Fleming via video)
Meet Xiomara Mass - Oboe
Benjamin Britten - The Young Person's Guide to the Orchestra, Op. 34
William Barton - Kalkadunga (featuring William Barton - Didgeridoo)
Timothy Constable
Meet Roman Riedel - Trombone
Richard Strauss - Fanfare for the Vienna Philharmonic (featuring Sarah Willis, Horn, Berlin Philharmoniker and conducted by Edwin Outwater)
*PREMIERE* Mason Bates - Mothership (specially composed for the YouTube Symphony Orchestra 2011)
Meet Su Chang
Felix Mendelssohn - Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64 (Finale) (featuring Stefan Jackiw and conducted by Ilyich Rivas)
Meet Ozgur Baskin - Violin
Colin Jacobsen and Siamak Aghaei - Ascending Bird - Suite for string orchestra (featuring Colin Jacobsen, violin, and Richard Tognetti, violin, and Kseniya Simonova - sand artist)
Meet Stepan Grytsay - Violin
Igor Stravinsky - The Firebird (Infernal Dance - Berceuse - Finale)
*ENCORE* Franz Schubert - Rosamunde (featuring Eugene Izotov - oboe, and Andrew Mariner - clarinet)

History of the symphony orchestra

The symphony orchestra has been formed over the centuries. Its development for a long time took place in the depths of opera and church ensembles. Such teams in XV - XVII centuries were small and varied. They included lutes, viols, flutes with oboes, trombones, harps, and drums. Gradually, stringed bowed instruments won the dominant position. The viols were replaced by violins with their richer and more melodious sound. Back to top XVIII in. they already reigned supreme in the orchestra. A separate group and wind instruments (flutes, oboes, bassoons) have united. From the church orchestra they switched to the symphony trumpets and timpani. The harpsichord was an indispensable member of instrumental ensembles.
Such a composition was typical for J. S. Bach, G. Handel, A. Vivaldi.
From the middle XVIII in. the genres of symphony and instrumental concerto begin to develop. The departure from the polyphonic style determined the composers' desire for timbre diversity, the relief singling out of orchestral voices.
The functions of the new tools are changing. The harpsichord, with its weak sound, is gradually losing its leading role. Soon, composers completely abandoned it, relying mainly on the string and wind group. By the end XVIII in. the so-called classical composition of the orchestra was formed: about 30 strings, 2 flutes, 2 oboes, 2 bassoons, 2 pipes, 2-3 horns and timpani. The clarinet soon joined the brass. J. Haydn, W. Mozart wrote for such a composition. Such is the orchestra in the early compositions of L. Beethoven. AT XIX in.
The development of the orchestra went mainly in two directions. On the one hand, increasing in composition, it was enriched with instruments of many types (the merit of romantic composers, primarily Berlioz, Liszt, Wagner, is great for this), on the other hand, the internal capabilities of the orchestra developed: sound colors became cleaner, texture clearer, expressive resources are more economical (such is the orchestra of Glinka, Tchaikovsky, Rimsky-Korsakov). Significantly enriched the orchestral palette and many composers of the late XIX - 1st half of XX in. (R. Strauss, Mahler, Debussy, Ravel, Stravinsky, Bartok, Shostakovich and others).

Composition of the symphony orchestra

A modern symphony orchestra consists of 4 main groups. The foundation of the orchestra is a string group (violins, violas, cellos, double basses). In most cases, strings are the main carriers of the melodic beginning in the orchestra. The number of musicians playing strings is approximately 2/3 of the entire band. The group of woodwind instruments includes flutes, oboes, clarinets, bassoons. Each of them usually has an independent party. Yielding to bowed ones in timbre saturation, dynamic properties and a variety of playing techniques, wind instruments have great power, compact sound, bright colorful shades. The third group of orchestra instruments is brass (horn, trumpet, trombone, trumpet). They bring new bright colors to the orchestra, enriching its dynamic capabilities, giving power and brilliance to the sound, and also serve as a bass and rhythmic support.
Percussion instruments are becoming increasingly important in the symphony orchestra. Their main function is rhythmic. In addition, they create a special sound and noise background, complement and decorate the orchestral palette with color effects. According to the nature of the sound, drums are divided into 2 types: some have a certain pitch (timpani, bells, xylophone, bells, etc.), others lack an exact pitch (triangle, tambourine, small and large drum, cymbals). Of the instruments that are not included in the main groups, the role of the harp is the most significant. Occasionally, composers include the celesta, piano, saxophone, organ and other instruments in the orchestra.
More information about the instruments of a symphony orchestra - string group, woodwinds, brass and percussion can be found at site.
I can not ignore another useful site, "Children about Music", which I discovered during the preparation of the post. No need to be intimidated by the fact that this is a site for children. There are some pretty serious things in it, only told in a simpler, more understandable language. Here link on him. By the way, it also contains a story about a symphony orchestra.

An orchestra is a large number of musicians who simultaneously play different musical instruments. The orchestra differs from the ensemble by the presence of entire groups of certain types of musical instruments. Quite often, in an orchestra, one part is performed by several musicians at once. The number of people in the orchestra can be different, the minimum number of performers is fifteen, the maximum number of performers is not limited. If you want to listen to a live orchestra in Moscow, you can order concert tickets at biletluxury.ru.

There are several types of orchestras: symphony, chamber, pop, military and folk instruments orchestra. All of them differ from each other in the composition of musical instruments.

A symphony orchestra must include string, wind and percussion musical instruments. Also, in a symphony orchestra, there may be other types of musical instruments that are necessary for the performance of a particular work. A symphony orchestra can be large or small, depending on the number of musicians.

In a chamber orchestra, musicians play wind and string instruments. This orchestra can perform musical works even while moving.

The pop orchestra, in addition to the instruments used in the symphony orchestra, includes electronic musical instruments. For example, synthesizer, rhythm section, etc.

The jazz orchestra uses wind and string musical instruments, as well as special rhythm sections, which perform only jazz compositions.

The folk music orchestra uses ethnic musical instruments. Russian groups use balalaika, button accordion, zhaleika, domra, etc.

The military band includes performers who play percussion as well as wind musical instruments, namely brass and wood. For example, on pipes, trombones, serpents, clarinets, oboes, flutes, bassoons and others.