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Around this picture Vasily Perov since its appearance, serious passions have been burning: V. Stasov compared the canvas with the best hunting stories of I. Turgenev, and M. Saltykov-Shchedrin accused the artist of excessive theatricality and unnaturalness of the characters. Besides, in "Hunters on a Rest" everyone easily recognized the real prototypes - Perov's acquaintances. Despite the mixed reviews from critics, the picture became incredibly popular.

Vasily Perov himself was a passionate hunter, and the topic of hunting was well known to him. In the 1870s he created the so-called "hunting series": the paintings "Birdcatcher", "Fisherman", "Botanist", "Pigeon", "Fishing". For "Ptitselov" (1870), he received the title of professor, as well as a teaching position at the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. But the most striking and recognizable in this cycle, of course, was the painting "Hunters at Rest".

The canvas was exhibited for the first time at the 1st Traveling Exhibition and immediately caused conflicting responses. Critic V. Stasov admired the work. M. Saltykov-Shchedrin criticized the picture for the lack of spontaneity and truth of life, for the affectation of emotions: “It is as if, when showing the picture, there is some kind of actor who is instructed by the role to speak to the side: this is a liar, and this gullible, inviting the viewer not to believe the liar hunter and have fun with the gullibility of the novice hunter. Artistic truth should speak for itself, and not through interpretation. But F. Dostoevsky did not agree with critical reviews: “What a charm! Of course, to explain - so the Germans will understand, but they will not understand, like us, that this is a Russian liar and that he is lying in Russian. After all, we almost hear and know what he is talking about, we know the whole turn of his lies, his style, his feelings.

The prototypes of the hunters were real people who knew Vasily Perov. The doctor Dmitry Kuvshinnikov, a great lover of rifle hunting, acted as a "liar", enthusiastically telling fables, the same one who also served as the prototype of Dr. Dymov in Chekhov's Jumping Girl. Kuvshinnikov's wife Sofya Petrovna was the mistress of the literary and artistic salon, which was often visited by V. Perov, I. Levitan, I. Repin, A. Chekhov and other famous artists and writers.

In the image of an ironically grinning hunter, Perov portrayed the doctor and amateur artist Vasily Bessonov, and the 26-year-old Nikolai Nagornov, a future member of the Moscow city council, served as the prototype for the young hunter, naively listening to hunting stories. This is confirmed in his memoirs by A. Volodicheva, the daughter of Nagornov. In 1962, she wrote to art critic V. Mashtafarov: “D. P. Kuvshinnikov was one of my father’s closest friends. They often went hunting for birds. My father had a dog, and therefore gathered with us: Dmitry Pavlovich, Nikolai Mikhailovich and Dr. Bessonov V.V. They are depicted by Perov (“Hunters at Rest”). Kuvshinnikov tells, father and Bessonov listen. Father - carefully, and Bessonov - with distrust ... ".

Of great importance in this work are the gestures of the characters, with the help of which the artist creates psychological portraits of his heroes: the narrator’s outstretched hands illustrate his “terrible” story, a grinning commoner scratches his head in disbelief, the left hand of a young listener is tensely clenched, the right hand with a cigarette froze, which betrays enthusiasm and ingenuous horror with which he listens to fables. The prey of hunters depicted in the lower left corner could well become an independent still life with game, but the artist deliberately focused all his attention on the faces and hands of the characters, highlighting these accents with bright light.

because of what Levitan was going to challenge Chekhov to a duel

Painting "Hunters at rest" (Vasily Grigorievich Perov) Perov painted the painting "Hunters at rest" in 1871. In this work, the artist depicted three hunters resting on a halt after a successful hunt. The artist Perov must be confessed, and he himself was a passionate lover of hunting. More than once in his life, the artist saw such scenes, because he himself was a participant in all sorts of funny tales, gossip and unprecedented stories about hunting with his fellow hunters after a difficult but interesting hunt. To display such a scene on canvas, to show the different characters of the characters, without any ambiguity, one might even say so, is a topic close to the spirit of the common people. As a result, there are three hunters with prey in the picture, not two or four, but three, in general, the holy trinity against the background of an evening, somewhat dull landscape, birds are still flying in the cloudy sky, a slight breeze is felt, clouds are gathering. texture of still life objects The texture of still life objects is carefully written by the artist, no doubt everyone looks alive without a hitch, there are hunting trophies, a well-killed hare, partridges, hunting rifles, a horn with a net and other hunting paraphernalia necessary for hunting. But this is not the main thing in the picture, Perov’s task in this work is still three hunters with their different characteristics. an elderly-looking hunter not quite hunting adventures, a fragment from what he tells approximately: Here is an annoyance, spreading my arms to the side, I missed the second hare and it was already twice as large as the first, then I successfully shot the first one. The second comrade, who is in the middle of middle age, is also an experienced hunter, listens with irony to an elderly hunter, scratches his ear, you can say the narrator clearly causes him a sarcastic grin with his hunting, regular and untruthful tale and he clearly does not trust him, but it’s still interesting to listen he thinks. The young hunter, who on the right carefully and trustingly listens to the stories of the old hardened hunter, it is likely that he himself also wants to tell something about his partridge hunt, but the old man clearly does not allow him to say a word. The plot of the picture Hunters on a halt turned out to be directly anecdotal, relative to other works by Perov. Contemporaries reacted differently to the work of the master, Saltykov-Shchedrin criticized the artist for the unnatural looking faces of the hunters, as if they were actors and not live hunters. And Stasov V.V., on the contrary, enthusiastically admired the picture, comparing it with the stories of the writer Turgenev. Whatever it was, but the picture Hunters at rest fell in love with the people, the hunters themselves speak very enthusiastically about this work. Nowadays, copies of this painting are considered a gift standard for avid hunters. Therefore, in the house of a good hunter, a similar plot always hangs on the wall, and sometimes with other faces of the characters in the picture. In the work of the artist Perov, this work and paintings: Dovecote, Rybolov and Ptitselov are associated with some departure from the highly critical paintings of the 1860s. And another picture of Hunters at rest was written by Perov in two copies, the original is kept in the Tretyakov Gallery, and a copy of the picture is in the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg. Photo collages -

"Hunters at Rest" by Vasily Perov is one of the most textbook and replicated in various forms of Russian paintings. Any textbook text has a special history and a special reflection. The text takes on new meanings and the old, pictorial "replicas" are no longer perceived in the context of the cultural traditions of the time of painting.

Valentin Vadimovich Golovin - Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor, Head of the Center for Research on Children's Literature of the IRLI (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

On September 1, 2015, the Faculty of Art History hosted the first open research seminar in the academic year dedicated to Vasily Perov's painting "Hunters at Rest" - one of the textbook and most replicated paintings in various forms of Russian painting. Any textbook text has a special history and a special reflection. Over time, he acquires new meanings and loses old ones; picturesque "replicas" are no longer perceived in the context of the cultural traditions of the time of painting. As part of his lecture "Hunters at Rest" by Vasily Perov. Replicas of a textbook painting” Valentin Golovin (Ph.D., Professor, Head of the Children's Literature Research Center of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences) offered the seminar participants a real and cultural commentary on this famous painting.

Vasily Perov. Hunters at rest (1871). Tretyakov Gallery

At the beginning of his speech, the lecturer spoke about approaches to understanding textbook texts in general. Any textbook work, whether it be a canvas or a literary text, is replete with details that we are used to not noticing; An example of this is the painting "Unequal Marriage" by V. Pukirev. The lecturer drew attention to the fact that the groom depicted on the canvas wore the Order of St. Vladimir of the 2nd degree, which means he fell into the top ten Russian officials: no more than twenty people wore this award at a time. He also pointed out the high cost of the bride's gloves and the size of her ruby, and concluded that when trying to analyze the work of art, the details can radically change the idea of ​​​​it.

Another illustration of this thesis was a fragment of a painting in a private collection, which depicts Cossack trophies piled in a heap. During the attribution of these items, it turned out that among them, along with the Circassian leather whip and the sheath of the Caucasian silver dagger, there was a smooth-bore ladies' saddle pistol, as well as a ladies' saddle, which means that the Cossack dealt not only with the gentleman, but also with the lady . This allows us to understand the subtext of the picture, which can significantly affect its perception.

An important task facing the researcher of a textbook work of art is not to succumb to the temptation to consider it as an ethnographic source, which it is not. For example, in the well-known painting by G. Myasoedev “The Bride’s Look”, judging by the costumes of the characters, at least three women are from different parts of the empire. In addition, the bride in this form could take place, except perhaps in the southernmost parts of the country. By and large, what is depicted in this picture could not actually happen.

All the above theses about textbook texts are also important for the analysis of Perov's painting "Hunters at Rest". Soon after its appearance in 1871, the picture received positive reviews from M. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin, V. V. Stasov, F. M. Dostoevsky, but now it is so replicated that it is considered bad manners to talk about it: in some monographs dedicated to Perov , the canvas is not even mentioned. This does not mean at all that the modern public is able to count the "replicas" that the artist put into the picture. On the contrary, extensive literature on art criticism often introduces new, erroneous meanings into the canvas. In order to separate facts from myths, the lecturer suggested asking several questions about the painting. Let's consider them below.

Who is in this picture?

According to one version, Perov portrayed his acquaintances in the picture - Dmitry Kuvshinnikov (narrator), Vasily Bessonov (lying) and Nikolai Nagorny (listening). For the first time this assumption appeared in 1962 on the pages of the almanac "Hunting Spaces". The source was a letter from Nagornov's daughter: “D. P. Kuvshinnikov was one of my father's closest friends. They often went hunting for birds. My father had a dog, and therefore gathered with us: Dmitry Pavlovich, Nikolai Mikhailovich and Dr. Bessonov V.V. They are depicted by Perov ("Hunters at Rest"). Kuvshinnikov D.P. tells, father and Bessonov are listening. Father - carefully, and Bessonov - with distrust ... ".

Since there is a portrait of Bessonov by Perov, as well as a photograph of Kuvshinnikov (who may have become the prototype of the hero of Chekhov's story "The Jumper"), we have the opportunity to compare them with hunters and talk about (dis)similarity - but nothing more.

Where is the action taking place?

To answer this question, you need to pay attention to the details of the landscape and hunting trophies. The costume of a commoner hunter, or rather one of its details, can also serve as a clue here: the so-called buckwheat hat, similar in shape to a buckwheat pie, for which it got its name - the northern Russian headdress.

In the foreground of the picture are a hare and a black grouse. At the same time, the black grouse lives somewhere in the Voronezh province, and the hare does not jump further than Ladoga and Onega. Thus, we have a southern border (black grouse) and a northern one (hare), from which it follows that the action takes place somewhere in central Russia.

When does it happen?

In monographs, one can find a variety of assumptions about what time of the year the action takes place, from early spring to late autumn. In fact, there are clear indications for this: according to the law that was in force from 1774 to 1892, the hunting season began on St. Peter's Day, that is, on July 12th, and the dog hunt began approximately on September 8th.

Golovin is inclined to the version that Perov depicted precisely a canine hunt, and the action takes place in late autumn. An argument in its favor is the fact that the hare begins to shed in September, ends in November, and at the same time, the summer fur remains on its back and on the head for the longest time, which can also be seen in the picture: the hare's molting movement, which can to be only autumn, masterfully written out by Perov, who himself was a hunter.

Who are they hunting? (Is it gun hunting or canine hunting?)

First, let's explore the version of dog hunting. It is indicated, in fact, by the presence of a dog, which could turn out to be a greyhound (judging by the ears and tail) and a hare that was hunted with dogs. The hunter-narrator is dressed in a loose caftan to the knees, he is wearing a black lambskin hat, which was very fond of fans of dog hunting, he has binoculars on his chest, necessary for looking out for the beast, and at the same time, the narrator does not have a harness with a powder flask. Finally, there is a horn in the picture - an indispensable attribute of canine hunting.

Now let's move on to the gun hunting version. Golovin suggested that the picture does not depict a greyhound, but a popular in those days and very expensive setter from the Laverak breed. This breed, which had ceased to exist by the beginning of the 20th century, was described in detail by Leonid Sabaneev, a specialist in Russian hunting dogs. In his work, he points out that in the 1860s. in Moscow and St. Petersburg, it was the former English Setters that were most often encountered.
Such dogs had protruding ears, very flat (oblique) shoulders, hair, starting from the back of the head, slightly wavy, long and silky, and the dressing dog on the front legs to the paws and on the gachas was quite thick. It was believed that the more knees are bent in such dogs, the better they are, and also that good setters carry their tail very low, dragging, and therefore a tail lowered down is better than a raised one. And although the breed of the dog depicted in the picture is not easy to determine, since in the picture we see only the croup and tail of the dog, while its muzzle remains invisible to us, we have to admit that it fits this description in many ways.

There are other arguments in favor of the gun hunting version. Firstly, black grouse were caught, which were not hunted with greyhounds. Secondly, there are guns (moreover, from the famous English company Enfield, which is also interesting, very expensive and easy to use), which are not required for dog hunting: it requires a dagger, which is not here. Finally, the hare, which, although hunted with dogs, is intact in the picture, which contradicted the rules of dog hunting, which were observed unquestioningly. According to these rules, the killed hare should be chopped off (poke a dagger between the shoulder blades), cut off (cut off his front legs and give them to the dogs) and trimmed (insert by the hind legs into the saddle) - you can learn about this, in particular, from "Hound Hunting" Nekrasov.

Consider other details of the picture. We see a flask covered with leather, a half-eaten cucumber, a loaf and a slice of bread, a chicken bone and a stack, probably silver (hunting required this), from which they most likely drank vodka - the hunters' ritual drink. However, there are also less obvious details here: for example, a crow that dives in the immediate vicinity of the dog. It is rather difficult not to notice a diving crow, but the hunters are so passionate about the story that they do not pay any attention to the bird.
Now let's turn to the characters themselves. The hunter-narrator is dressed in a quilted caftan, trousers, and an immaculately white shirt, and his tie is tied in the "artist's" type, which Perov was very fond of and wore to about twelve of his characters. He is wearing hunting leather boots with a very low heel (by the way, high boots were never worn for dog hunting). Finally, the narrator has a very early form of binoculars, from the first half of the 19th century, which may indicate his experience.

The next character (the listener) is dressed expensively and soundly. He wears boots with gigantic heels, which was extremely inconvenient during hunting, on the head of the listener a cap made of patent leather, which was called uniform (it had to be wiped with a special napkin to make it shine), a tie tied in an Epicurean manner, and also an expensive English capsule and no less expensive shotgun. It is interesting that his left hand is smoking, although the cigarette is in his right: he lit a fire, but he was so carried away by the conversation that he completely forgot to light it.

Finally, the last character is dressed, according to Turgenev, like a coachman. Stasov, in turn, wrote about “the face of a laughing peasant, winking a little and baring his white teeth”, which “looms in the very middle of the picture from under the crumpled and holey buckwheat, which has shifted to the side on his forehead.” As a rule, this is not visible in reproductions, however, in Perov's original painting on buckwheat, you can really see a fair amount of holes. The situation comes to mind when they threw up someone's hat and fired at it. This detail is no less eloquent than the grin of a commoner hunter and his gesture, expressing mockery of the master.

All this - an unlit cigarette, a swooping crow, mockery and much more - let us know that the artist captured the climax of the unfolding situation.

At the end of his speech, Golovin noted that, despite the triviality and kitschism of the painting "Hunters at Rest", he considers this work a model of lifelikeness.

School students may be given the difficult task of describing a work of art. At first glance, the painting "Hunters at rest" does not give wide scope for creativity. Nevertheless, if you look closely, you can understand that it contains a piece of life filled with emotions and experiences. The painting “Hunters at Rest”, a photo of which can be seen in magazines or school textbooks, can evoke feelings for everyone. The task of parents is to correctly convey to their son or daughter the essence of such a task, so that the child can easily cope with it.

Plan for constructing a description of the picture

In order for the student to be able to understand how to write a story about what he saw in the artist’s drawing, he should be offered a plan. The famous painting "Hunters at rest" contains a fairly broad meaning. The order of writing may be as follows:

Approximately such a plan will help to describe the work that the artist Perov wrote. “Hunters at Rest” is a painting that reveals to everyone their emotions, worries and the state of mind of prey lovers depicted on canvas.

Descriptions for schoolchildren

The texts of the story about the image seen can be approximately the following content.

"Perov's famous painting "Hunters at Rest" evoked various sensations in me, but they are all pleasant. The artist in pastel colors managed to convey bright and overflowing emotions.

In the foreground, three tired hunters can be seen, who, most likely, have either already gathered at home, or simply decided to rest. One of the hunters, judging by the expression on his face and gestures, enthusiastically tells a true story or fiction that happened to him during the hunt. The second lover of ambush, waiting for prey, listens attentively to the narrator. And the third, relaxed and smiling. Most likely, he either does not believe the story, or plunged into his own thoughts and dreams.

Also in the foreground, you can see that the hunters will not come home empty-handed. They have already got a duck, a hare.

A thunderstorm is visible in the background of the image. Clouds thickened over a wide field and darkened menacingly. The trees bent their crowns, as if they wanted to protect themselves from a strong wind. But the hunters, apparently, are not embarrassed by the approaching bad weather.

The artist managed to convey all the emotions, the picture is alive and allows you to fully plunge into the atmosphere of what is happening."

Approximately in this way the picture "Hunters at rest" can be described. But it is possible to describe a work of art more broadly.

Details

The painting "Hunters at rest" is perceived by everyone in their own way. Another description could be the following.

“Perov very vividly and emotionally depicted those chasing game at a halt. It can be seen that the hunters are tired, but satisfied with their campaign. In the foreground, it is clearly visible that one of them will bring game home, and someone will bring a hare.

It seems that the hunter in a black cloak that looks expensive did not catch anything that day and decided to colorfully describe his past victories. Although, having looked fleetingly, it becomes clear that the hunter's gestures go off scale. Therefore, it is likely that he is telling a fable.

A very young hunter is also dressed decently enough, carefully listening to every word. This can be seen both in his facial expression and in the way he froze in anticipation of the outcome of the story.

And the third lover of hunting with a smirk looks at what is happening. It seems that he has heard various fascinating and fictional stories from the narrator more than once. But, despite some doubts in his face, the hunter is quite satisfied with today.

It looks like all the friends had a great time. This is reflected in the faces and in their mood. It is also noticeable that all of the depicted are quite wealthy and not poor people of that time. This can be seen in their clothes, grooming, accessories.

A dog of one of the hunters is running nearby. She does not want to rest and everything shows that she is still looking for prey.

In the background of the work of art, impending clouds are visible. Birds, as if flying away from a thunderstorm. In the endless field, the trees bowed their branches, sheltering their trunks from the weather, as if wrapping themselves up.

However, the hunters are in no hurry to leave the friendly and sweet atmosphere. After all, they did a good job today with weapons and they have something to brag to each other.

Description of the artwork "Hunters at rest" for high school students

High school students are often asked to write sayings about the artistic creations of famous authors. Usually graduates write briefly, but richly. For example:

“The picture shows three comrades who hunted excellently and decided to take a break. The active dog of one of them does not let you forget the meaning of coming to an open field.

It can be seen that this is not the first time men visit the hunt. Each of them is different, but they are all positive characters. Boasting, joy, surprise, and doubt are conveyed in their emotions.

In the background, you can see that there will be a thunderstorm soon. Apparently, the bad weather does not frighten the hunters, and they will continue to continue the action.

An excellent picture, evokes a whirlpool of emotions and experiences. It feels like I've been out in the open field chasing game."

What emotions does the painting “Hunters at Rest” convey?

It is difficult to say in one word what is shown in the picture. But it is clearly visible - the artist tried very hard to fill his creation with many experiences, so that everyone who looks sees his own. Here is the sadness of nature, and positive thinking, despite what is happening around, and the state of mind of a hunter satisfied with the prey.

How to end the description of the picture

In the description of the picture, all the nuances are important. The conclusion is one of the most important parts of a work. Therefore, it is beautiful, filled and with emotions to complete the presentation of what he saw.

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